CN110242389B - Tail gas waste heat power generation and purification treatment device and method of diesel engine - Google Patents
Tail gas waste heat power generation and purification treatment device and method of diesel engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN110242389B CN110242389B CN201910365953.0A CN201910365953A CN110242389B CN 110242389 B CN110242389 B CN 110242389B CN 201910365953 A CN201910365953 A CN 201910365953A CN 110242389 B CN110242389 B CN 110242389B
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- tail gas
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8892—Manganese
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
- F01N13/1838—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
- F01N13/1844—Mechanical joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0892—Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
- F01N5/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat the device being thermoelectric generators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tail gas waste heat power generation and purification treatment device of a diesel engine, which comprises a waste heat power generation device and a purification treatment device which are communicated with each other, wherein the waste heat power generation device is a tail gas inlet end, and the purification treatment device is a tail gas outlet end.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an engine tail gas treatment device for recycling tail gas heat and treating harmful gas, in particular to a device and a method for generating and purifying tail gas waste heat of a diesel engine, and belongs to the technical field of automobile tail gas treatment.
Background
The development of economy gradually improves the living standard of people, and the keeping quantity of motor vehicles is continuously increased; since the first automobile emerged, it began to bring great convenience to people's lives and works, and gradually developed into one of the pillars of modern material civilization, and the lives of automobiles and human beings are more and more inseparable; since the 21 st century, automobiles have become indispensable means of transportation for human beings; the automobile industry develops at a high speed, and brings huge pressure to our living environment, automobile exhaust and waste heat are discharged into air in large quantity, so that the environment is polluted seriously, the ecological environment is damaged seriously, the pollution is aggravated, and meanwhile, a large amount of energy is wasted, and under the huge base number, how to effectively save the energy gradually becomes a prominent problem.
In the aspect of environment, the tail gas pollution mainly refers to pollution and damage of harmful substances discharged by motor vehicle fuels such as diesel oil, gasoline and the like to the environment and human bodies when the motor vehicle fuels are not completely combusted due to the additives and impurities; a part of toxic substances in tail gas discharged by an automobile engine are generated more when fuel is not completely combusted or the temperature of fuel gas is lower; especially, when the sequence is moved, the oil sprayer is poorly sprayed and the work is overloaded, the fuel oil can not be well combusted with the oxidation; the other part of toxic substances are formed due to high temperature and high pressure in the combustion chamber; the content of small particulate matters in the tail gas of the diesel vehicle is high and is about 30-80 times of that of the gasoline vehicle, the small particulate matters and products of secondary reaction, particularly PM2.5 particles, can be suspended in the air for a long time, and continuous haze weather in recent years is caused, so that inconvenience is brought to traffic trip, and the PM2.5 particles affect the atmospheric visibility, so that the atmospheric visibility is greatly reduced; meanwhile, the focus of the health influence of air pollution is inhalable particles, small particles contained in tail gas, especially PM2.5 small particles are suspended in the air and are difficult to settle along with the air flow, however, researches show that the small particles enter the lung through the respiratory system of a human body and cause huge damage to the human body; PM2.5 can penetrate into cells in the respiratory process and exist in a human body for a long time, after the PM2.5 is inhaled into the human body, about 5 percent of PM2.5 is adsorbed on the lung wall and can penetrate into the deep part of lung tissue to cause bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma, emphysema and lung cancer, so that the heart and lung function is reduced and even fails, and the PM2.5 has important influence on human health; the harm of air pollution is further aggravated due to the combined action of the particles and gaseous pollutants, so that the number of respiratory disease patients and cardiopulmonary disease deaths is increased; in fact, the contribution of automobile exhaust to PM2.5 is about 20% -30%, the proportion of directly discharged particulate matters is low, mainly, particulate matters generated by 'secondary reaction' which is easy to be ignored by people are also generated, and the 'secondary reaction' mainly comprises two parts: the nitrogen oxides and the hydrocarbons are respectively converted into secondary nitrate particles and secondary organic carbon particles, and the nitrogen oxides can simultaneously catalyze sulfur dioxide to generate secondary sulfate particles.
In the aspect of energy, the rapid development of social modernization greatly increases the energy demand, so that the energy shortage becomes more serious and even becomes a bottleneck for restricting the development of regions; in recent years, along with the deterioration of the environment, the environmental awareness of people is gradually enhanced, and the traditional energy concept is also transformed; the automobile needs to consume a large amount of energy every year, along with the annual increase of the global automobile conservation quantity and the development of the automobile industry, the energy consumed by the automobile is increased day by day, so that the energy situation is more severe, and the investigation and research show that the energy generated by the combustion of the fuel of an automobile engine is only 34% -38% (diesel engine) or 25% -28% (gasoline engine) to be effectively utilized; other energy is discharged to the outside of the engine body, the heat taken away by the tail gas accounts for 30-45% of the heat generated by the fuel entering the engine, and the rest energy is dissipated in the forms of 30% of engine cooling water, 5% of automobile tail gas and friction loss and the like; on one hand, the method causes great energy waste, and on the other hand, the emission of a large amount of greenhouse gases raises the ambient temperature around the city, thereby bringing about adverse effects such as heat island effect and the like of the city; therefore, energy conservation and emission reduction are the necessary ways to maintain sustainable development, reduce energy consumption, and fully utilize the waste heat of tail gas to improve the energy utilization efficiency, so that some effective modes are needed to enable the limited energy to exert the maximum use value.
According to the utilization of the combustion heat of the engine fuel, the inevitable heat loss can be removed, the waste heat brought away by the tail gas of the current genus can be recycled, the specific gravity is high, and according to the energy quality, the heat energy is low-grade energy, and how to convert the heat energy into high-grade electric energy is a difficult problem; since the seebeck effect was discovered in the beginning of the 19 th century, the thermoelectric generation technology has been developed for nearly two centuries, and according to the thermoelectric effect, a phenomenon in which an electric current or electric charge is accumulated when electrons (holes) in a heated object move from a high temperature region to a low temperature region along with a temperature gradient; the thermoelectric generation is an effective way for reasonably utilizing low-grade energy sources such as waste heat and waste heat to convert heat energy into electric energy, has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in movement, firmness and durability, no moving part, no abrasion, no medium leakage, no noise, high reliability, long service life, stability, environmental protection and the like, and is an environment-friendly power generation technology; therefore, attention is increasingly paid to a technical means for generating power by fully utilizing waste heat of the exhaust gas.
Besides absorbing and recycling the waste heat of the tail gas, the treatment of small particles and harmful gases contained in the tail gas also needs to be concerned; according to the analysis of the automobile exhaust pollutants, the automobile exhaust pollutants mainly comprise: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, soot particles, odors, and the like; the tail gas of the automobile can be 'fierce' of atmospheric pollution, and for diesel vehicles, the air-fuel ratio of a diesel engine is large, the discharge amount of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons in the discharge is only one tenth of that of the gasoline engine generally, the discharge amount of nitrogen oxides is equivalent to that of the gasoline engine, the content of particulate matters is very high, is about 30-80 times of that of the gasoline engine, and is the most main pollutant of the diesel engine; therefore, in the motor vehicle, the tail gas of the motor vehicle taking diesel oil as power has greater harm to the environment and human bodies, and can be discharged only by special treatment; the main technology for controlling the pollution of the automobile exhaust at present is to install a three-way catalytic conversion device on an exhaust system, however, the single catalytic conversion technology has the problems of high catalyst cost and possibility of causing secondary pollution, and cannot meet the high standard requirements of people on the automobile exhaust emission, and the rapidly developed low-temperature plasma technology can make up the defects of a catalytic conversion method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to save energy and reduce pollutant emission, the invention provides a device and a method for generating power and purifying the tail gas waste heat of a diesel engine.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the tail gas waste heat power generation and purification treatment device of the diesel engine comprises a waste heat power generation device and a purification treatment device which are communicated with each other, wherein the waste heat power generation device is a tail gas inlet end, the purification treatment device is a tail gas outlet end, the waste heat power generation device comprises a hot end heat exchange main body, a cold end heat exchange main body, thermoelectric generation sheets, a clamping plate and a fixing flange, the number of the hot end heat exchange main body and the number of the cold end heat exchange main body are respectively four, each hot end heat exchange main body is of a rectangular structure consisting of a plurality of heat exchange fins, each cold end heat exchange main body is of an L-shaped structure consisting of a plurality of heat exchange fins, two hot end heat exchange main bodies are arranged on the upper surface of the clamping plate side by side, the other two hot end heat exchange main bodies are arranged on the lower surface of the clamping plate side by, the heat exchange fins on the hot end heat exchange main body face the clamping plates and are in contact with the clamping plates, the four hot end heat exchange main bodies and the clamping plates are combined to form a rectangular heat exchange structure, two ends of the rectangular heat exchange structure are fixedly connected through fixing flanges respectively, and gaps among the heat exchange fins of the hot end heat exchange main body form a heat exchange channel for tail gas to flow; the outer surface of the hot end heat exchange main body of the rectangular body heat exchange structure is provided with a plurality of thermoelectric generation pieces, and the hot ends of the thermoelectric generation pieces are in contact with the outer surface of the hot end heat exchange main body of the rectangular body heat exchange structure in a fitting manner; the four cold end heat exchange main bodies are respectively arranged at four corner positions of the rectangular body heat exchange structure and are fixedly connected with the fixed flange, the cold ends of the thermoelectric generation pieces are in contact with the inner surface of the cold end heat exchange main body in a fitting manner, and a plurality of thermoelectric generation pieces are electrically connected with an external battery system after being connected in series or in parallel through leads; the purification treatment device comprises a shell with a cylindrical tubular structure, two supports are arranged at the front end in the shell, a plurality of coaxial electrode reactors parallel to the axis of the shell are arranged between the two supports, the coaxial electrode reactors are connected in parallel through cables and then electrically connected with an external high-voltage pulse power supply, and a particle trap is arranged at the rear end in the shell.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the periphery of the rectangular heat exchange structure formed by combining the four hot end heat exchange main bodies and the clamping plates is wrapped with aluminum foil, and the gaps between the hot end heat exchange main bodies and the gaps between the hot end heat exchange main bodies and the clamping plates are sealed by using a fireproof sealant; the sealing device is used for improving the sealing performance of the rectangular heat exchange structure formed by combining the four hot end heat exchange main bodies and the clamping plates and preventing tail gas from leaking.
As a further preferable mode of the invention, the surface of the clamping plate is provided with a protruding strip extending along the length direction of the clamping plate, and the protruding strip is positioned in a gap between two adjacent heat exchange fins of the hot-end heat exchange main body; prevent the transverse displacement of the hot end heat exchange main body.
Preferably, an input transition pipeline is connected to a tail gas inlet end of the waste heat power generation device, an intermediate transition pipeline is connected between the waste heat power generation device and the purification treatment device, and the input transition pipeline and the intermediate transition pipeline are respectively connected and fixed with fixing flanges at two ends of the rectangular heat exchange structure.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the fixing flange includes an upper left fixing flange, a lower left fixing flange, an upper right fixing flange and a lower right fixing flange, the upper left fixing flange and the lower left fixing flange are connected by bolts to form a rectangular flange structure, and the upper right fixing flange and the lower right fixing flange are connected by bolts to form a rectangular flange structure; the whole connection installation when being convenient for assemble to can be better press from both sides the cuboid heat transfer structure tight fixed that forms with four hot junction heat transfer main parts and splint combination.
As a further preferable mode of the invention, the bracket comprises a fixing ring fixedly connected with the inner circumferential surface of the shell, the fixing ring is provided with a plurality of connecting arms, the connecting arms uniformly surround the axis of the fixing ring for a circle, the connecting arms are provided with a limiting outer ring, a limiting middle ring and a limiting inner ring, the limiting outer ring, the limiting middle ring and the limiting inner ring have the same circle center, an annular groove formed between the limiting outer ring and the limiting middle ring is used for clamping an outer electrode of the coaxial electrode reactor, a cylindrical groove formed inside the limiting inner ring is used for clamping a central electrode of the coaxial electrode reactor, and a hole for the central electrode of the coaxial electrode reactor or a cable to pass through is further formed on the connecting arm at the bottom of the cylindrical groove; the two supports are oppositely arranged to provide support for the coaxial electrode reactor.
As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coaxial electrode reactor comprises a central electrode and an outer electrode, wherein the outer circumferential surface of the central electrode is covered with an inner dielectric layer, the inner circumferential surface of the outer electrode is covered with an outer dielectric layer, and the central electrode and the outer electrode are made of W8O tungsten-copper alloy material.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the granuleThe filter element of the particle catcher takes cordierite ceramic material as a catalyst carrier, the outer surface of the catalyst carrier is provided with a conductive paint coating and carries a catalyst, and the components of the catalyst are copper oxide CuO and La0.6K0.4Mn0.5Fe0.5O3The conductive paint coating is doped with zirconium dioxide CeO2And cerium oxide CeO2Aluminum oxide Al of2O3。
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, the method for preparing the catalyst comprises: la preparation by citric acid low-temperature combustion method0.6K0.4Mn0.5Fe0.5O3Then La is added0.6K0.4Mn0.5Fe0.5O3Grinding into powder, soaking the powder in copper nitrate solution by an isometric soaking method, and baking at 600 ℃ for 10 hours.
The tail gas waste heat power generation and purification treatment method of the diesel engine comprises the following steps:
(1) high-temperature tail gas exhausted by a diesel engine firstly enters a waste heat power generation device, the tail gas exchanges heat with a plurality of heat exchange fins of a hot end heat exchange main body in a rectangular body heat exchange structure, the hot end heat exchange main body transfers heat to the hot ends of thermoelectric generation pieces, meanwhile, a plurality of heat exchange fins of a cold end heat exchange main body exchange heat with external air, the cold end heat exchange main body transfers the heat to the cold ends of the thermoelectric generation pieces, and the thermoelectric generation pieces convert heat energy into electric energy according to the temperature difference between the hot ends and the cold ends, are electrically connected with an external battery system through leads and charge batteries;
(2) the tail gas after passing through the waste heat power generation device enters a purification treatment device, firstly, a high-voltage pulse power supply is used for supplying power to a coaxial electrode reactor, high-frequency high-voltage discharge pulses generated by the coaxial electrode reactor ionize tail gas components to generate a large amount of active particles with extremely strong oxidizability, namely low-temperature plasma, and NO is converted into NO around the low-temperature plasma2Part of the PM particles being converted to CO and CO2Conversion of HC to CO or CO2(ii) a The PM particles which are not processed by the low-temperature plasma are trapped and adsorbed by the particle trapOn a carrier with catalyst, with subsequent generation of NO2The series of active particles with strong oxidizing property react with the PM particles trapped and adsorbed by the particle trap again under the combined action of low-temperature plasma and a catalyst to generate CO2And NO2Is reduced to N2And the regeneration of PM particles is realized, the purification treatment is finished, and the tail gas is discharged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the thermoelectric generation piece is utilized to convert heat energy into electric energy, the low-temperature plasma assisted catalysis technology is used for purifying solid harmful particles such as PM2.5 in the tail gas of the diesel vehicle engine, the two technologies are combined to realize the treatment device which can recover the waste heat of the tail gas and purify the tail gas, the emission of tail gas pollutants is improved, the fuel efficiency is improved, and therefore the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cogeneration apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the cogeneration apparatus of the present invention with thermoelectric generation fins and cold side heat exchange bodies removed;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a hot-end heat exchange body according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a cold side heat exchange body according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the purification apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a stent structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the holder and the coaxial electrode reactor according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic axial view of a coaxial electrode reactor according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the radial structure of the coaxial electrode reactor of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an input transition duct configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an intermediate transition duct according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a test result of the output power of the cogeneration apparatus;
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the results of gas composition tests before and after exhaust gas purification;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the change in concentration of particulate matter samples before and after exhaust gas purification;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing changes in mean concentration of particulate matter before and after exhaust gas purification;
the main reference numerals in the figures have the following meanings:
1-thermoelectric power generation sheet, 2-waste heat power generation device, 3-purification treatment device, 4-hot end heat exchange body, 5-cold end heat exchange body, 6-input transition pipeline, 7-middle transition pipeline, 8-clamping plate, 9-protruding strip, 10-coaxial electrode reactor, 11-central electrode, 12-inner dielectric layer, 13-outer electrode, 14-outer dielectric layer, 15-upper left fixed flange, 16-lower left fixed flange, 17-upper right fixed flange, 18-lower right fixed flange, 19-shell, 20-bracket, 21-cable, 22-particle trap, 23-fixed ring, 24-connecting arm, 25-limit outer ring, 26-limit middle ring and 27-limit inner ring, 28-mounting hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-6: the embodiment is a tail gas waste heat power generation and purification treatment device of a diesel engine, which comprises a waste heat power generation device 2 and a purification treatment device 3 which are mutually communicated, wherein the waste heat power generation device 2 is a tail gas inlet end, the purification treatment device 3 is a tail gas outlet end, the waste heat power generation device 2 comprises a hot end heat exchange main body 4, a cold end heat exchange main body 5, a thermoelectric generation sheet 1, a clamping plate 8 and a fixed flange, four hot end heat exchange main bodies 4 and four cold end heat exchange main bodies 5 are respectively arranged, each hot end heat exchange main body 4 is a rectangular structure consisting of a plurality of heat exchange fins, each cold end heat exchange main body 5 is an L-shaped structure consisting of a plurality of heat exchange fins, two hot end heat exchange main bodies 4 are arranged on the upper surface of the clamping plate 8 side by side, the other two hot end heat exchange main bodies 4 are arranged on the lower surface of the clamping plate 8 side by side, the two hot end heat exchange, a plurality of heat exchange fins on the hot end heat exchange main body 4 face the clamping plate 8 and are in contact with the clamping plate 8, and the four hot end heat exchange main bodies 4 and the clamping plate 8 are combined to form a rectangular heat exchange structure, as shown in fig. 3; two ends of the rectangular heat exchange structure are respectively connected and fixed through fixing flanges, and gaps among a plurality of heat exchange fins of the hot-end heat exchange main body 4 form a heat exchange channel for tail gas to flow; as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of thermoelectric generation pieces 1 are arranged on the outer surface of the hot end heat exchange main body 4 of the rectangular body heat exchange structure, and the hot ends of the thermoelectric generation pieces 1 are in contact with the outer surface of the hot end heat exchange main body 4 of the rectangular body heat exchange structure; the four cold end heat exchange main bodies 5 are respectively arranged at four corner positions of the rectangular body heat exchange structure and are fixedly connected with the fixed flange, the cold ends of the thermoelectric generation pieces 1 are in contact with the inner surface of the cold end heat exchange main bodies 5 in a fitting manner, and the thermoelectric generation pieces 1 are electrically connected with an external battery system after being connected in series or in parallel through leads; the purification treatment device 3 comprises a shell 19 with a cylindrical tubular structure, two brackets 20 are arranged at the front end in the shell 19, four coaxial electrode reactors 10 parallel to the axis of the shell 19 are arranged between the two brackets 20, the four coaxial electrode reactors 10 are electrically connected with an external high-voltage pulse power supply after being connected in parallel through cables 21, and a particle trap 22 is arranged at the rear end in the shell 19; in practical applications, several coaxial electrode reactors 10 may be provided.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, mounting holes 28 are formed on both the hot end heat exchange body 4 and the cold end heat exchange body 5, and are used for being fixedly connected with fixing flange bolts.
In the embodiment, aluminum foil is wrapped on the periphery of a rectangular heat exchange structure formed by combining four hot end heat exchange main bodies 4 and clamping plates 8, and fireproof sealant is adopted to seal the gaps between the hot end heat exchange main bodies 4 and the gaps between the hot end heat exchange main bodies 4 and the clamping plates 8; the sealing device is used for improving the sealing performance of the rectangular heat exchange structure formed by combining the four hot end heat exchange main bodies 4 and the clamping plate 8 and preventing tail gas from leaking.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, a protruding strip 9 extending along the length direction of the clamping plate 8 is formed on the surface of the clamping plate 8, and the protruding strip 9 is located in the gap between two adjacent heat exchange fins of the hot-end heat exchange body 4; preventing the hot end heat exchange body 4 from lateral displacement.
As shown in fig. 1, 11 and 12, in this embodiment, an input transition pipeline 6 is connected to an exhaust gas inlet end of the waste heat power generation device 2, an intermediate transition pipeline 7 is connected between the waste heat power generation device 2 and the purification treatment device 3, and the input transition pipeline 6 and the intermediate transition pipeline 7 are respectively connected and fixed to fixing flanges at two ends of the rectangular heat exchange structure.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the fixing flanges include an upper left fixing flange 15, a lower left fixing flange 16, an upper right fixing flange 17 and a lower right fixing flange 18, the upper left fixing flange 15 and the lower left fixing flange 16 are bolted to form a rectangular flange structure, and the upper right fixing flange 17 and the lower right fixing flange 18 are bolted to form a rectangular flange structure; the whole connection installation when being convenient for assemble to can be better press from both sides the cuboid heat transfer structure that forms with the combination of four hot junction heat transfer main parts 4 and splint 8 and press from both sides tightly fixedly.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, in the present embodiment, the bracket 20 includes a fixing ring 23 fixedly connected to the inner circumferential surface of the housing 19, the fixing ring 23 is provided with four connecting arms 24, the four connecting arms 24 uniformly surround the axis of the fixing ring 23 for one circle, the connecting arms 24 are provided with a limiting outer ring 25, a limiting middle ring 26 and a limiting inner ring 27, the limiting outer ring 25, the limiting middle ring 26 and the limiting inner ring 27 share one circle center, an annular groove formed between the limiting outer ring 25 and the limiting middle ring 26 is used for clamping the outer electrode 13 of the coaxial electrode reactor 10, a cylindrical groove formed inside the limiting inner ring 27 is used for clamping the central electrode 11 of the coaxial electrode reactor 10, and a hole for passing the central electrode 11 or the cable 21 of the coaxial electrode reactor 10 is further formed on the connecting arm 24 at the; the two supports 20 are oppositely arranged to provide support for the coaxial electrode reactor 10; in practical applications, if the coaxial electrode reactor 10 is provided with a plurality of connecting arms 24, the fixing ring 23 is provided with an equivalent number of connecting arms.
As shown in fig. 8 to 10, in the present embodiment, the coaxial electrode reactor 10 includes a center electrode 11 and an outer electrode 13, an inner dielectric layer 12 is coated on an outer circumferential surface of the center electrode 11, an outer dielectric layer 14 is coated on an inner circumferential surface of the outer electrode 13, and the center electrode 11 and the outer electrode 13 are W80 tungsten-copper alloy material.
In this embodiment, the filter element of the particle catcher 22 is cordieriteThe catalyst is prepared from copper oxide CuO and La0.6K0.4Mn0.5FeO.503, and the electrically conductive paint coating is doped with zirconium dioxide CeO2And cerium oxide CeO2Aluminum oxide Al of2O3(ii) a The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: La0.6KO.4Mn0.5Fe0.503 is prepared by a citric acid low-temperature combustion method, then La0.6K0.4Mn0.5Fe0.503 is ground into powder, copper nitrate solution is impregnated into the powder by an isometric impregnation method, and the powder is baked for 10 hours at the high temperature of 600 ℃.
The thermoelectric generation piece selected in the embodiment is a seebeck thermoelectric generation piece, the model is SP1848-27145SA, the thermoelectric pieces are connected in series, the principle is the seebeck effect, and the temperature difference is 20 ℃: open circuit voltage 0.97V, generated current: 225 mA; the temperature difference is 40 ℃: open circuit voltage 1.8V, generated current: 368 mA; the temperature difference is 60 ℃: open circuit voltage 2.4V, generated current: 469 mA; the temperature difference is 80 ℃: open circuit voltage 3.6V, generated current: 558 mA; the temperature difference is 100 ℃: open circuit voltage 4.8V, generated current: 669 mA.
A method for generating power and purifying tail gas waste heat of a diesel engine comprises the following steps:
(1) high-temperature tail gas exhausted by a diesel engine firstly enters a waste heat power generation device 2, the tail gas exchanges heat with a plurality of heat exchange fins of a hot end heat exchange main body 4 in a rectangular body heat exchange structure, the hot end heat exchange main body 4 transfers heat to a hot end of a thermoelectric generation piece 1, meanwhile, a plurality of heat exchange fins of a cold end heat exchange main body 5 exchange heat with external air, the cold end heat exchange main body 5 transfers heat to a cold end of the thermoelectric generation piece 1, the thermoelectric generation piece 1 converts heat energy into electric energy according to the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end, and is electrically connected with an external battery system through a lead to charge a battery;
(2) the tail gas after passing through the waste heat power generation device 2 enters the purification treatment device 3, firstly, the coaxial electrode reactor 10 is supplied with power by using a high-voltage pulse power supply, the high-frequency high-voltage discharge pulse generated by the coaxial electrode reactor 10 ionizes tail gas components to generate a large amount of active particles with extremely strong oxidizability, namely low-temperature plasma, and the active particles are subjected to low-temperature plasma treatmentAmbient conversion of NO to NO2Part of the PM particles being converted to CO and CO2Conversion of HC to CO or CO2(ii) a PM particles not treated by the low temperature plasma are trapped and adsorbed on the catalyst coated carrier by the particle trap 22, and NO is subsequently generated2The series of active particles with strong oxidizing property react with the PM particles captured and adsorbed by the particle catcher 22 again under the combined action of the low-temperature plasma and the catalyst to generate CO2And NO2Is reduced to N2And the regeneration of PM particles is realized, the purification treatment is finished, and the tail gas is discharged.
Comparison of experiments
The instruments required for experimental measurement comprise a diesel engine, a multimeter, a dust analyzer Dustmate for measuring the concentration of particulate matters and a KANE AUTOplus diesel vehicle tail gas analyzer for analyzing tail gas components; the model of the diesel engine is Ito YT3800E, single cylinder, rated power 4KW and displacement 0.296L.
1. Output power test result of waste heat power generation device
According to the distribution of the thermoelectric generation pieces, 102 thermoelectric generation pieces are used in the experiment and are combined in series-parallel connection, the whole device is enabled to work for 20 minutes to reach thermal balance, then the voltage and power changes of the whole device are measured, the time interval between two adjacent groups of data is 15s, the test result is shown in fig. 13, and the power generation power of the waste heat power generation device in the experiment is about 8W.
2. Test results of gas composition before and after tail gas purification
The device utilizes plasma technology to assist catalysis, according to theoretical analysis, because a large amount of active plasma generated by ionization can promote the conversion of harmful gases such as nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and the like, Nitrogen Oxide (NO) is further converted into NO with high oxidability through a large amount of active ions generated by ionization2Finally, the concentration of the particles is reduced and harmful NO is generated according to the combined action of the plasma and the catalyst of the particles on the particle catcher2Reducing to harmless nitrogen.
In the experiment, according to the analysis of tail gas components, the change of different components before and after the reaction is compared, and the sample is takenFirstly, the device is operated for 20 minutes, after the device is stabilized, 15 groups are continuously measured, the time interval between each group is 1 minute, the experimental result is shown in figure 14, according to the experimental sample result, the concentrations of CO, HC and NO are all reduced to different degrees, HC and NO are all consumed by reacting with carbon C under the ionization condition, therefore, the ratio of HC and NO is reduced, CO can react with some active ions generated by ionization to generate CO2。
3. Particle concentration test analysis
The concentrations of the particulate matter were measured by the dutmat as PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10, and TSP (total suspended particulate matter), respectively, and during the measurement, the apparatus was first operated for 20 minutes to stabilize the whole, and then 14 groups of samples before and after start-up were measured, respectively, with the results shown in fig. 15; according to the experimental result, the concentration of the particulate matters is obviously reduced, which shows that the total result is basically stable and the removal effect is about more than 60 percent when the device is used for stabilizing the sample of the tail gas PM1.0 particulate matters; the concentration of PM2.5 particles before reaction is about 250 μ g/m3The concentration is basically maintained at 200 mu g/m after passing through a purification treatment device3Left and right; the change of PM10 particulate matter maintains the concentration of PM10 at 36000 μ g/m before purification3In the above, compared to the purified concentration, PM10 particulate matter was removed by about 55%; the concentration is more than 6000 mug/m when the purification treatment device is not added3The concentration is obviously reduced after passing through a purification treatment device, and the removal rate is more than 50%; fig. 16 shows the mean concentration change of the sample particulate matter under each condition, and the concentration change of each particulate matter range can be visually seen.
According to the invention, the thermoelectric generation sheet is utilized to convert heat energy into electric energy, the low-temperature plasma assisted catalysis technology is applied to purify solid harmful particles such as PM2.5 in the tail gas of the diesel vehicle engine, the two technologies are combined to realize the treatment device which can recover the waste heat of the tail gas and purify the tail gas, the emission of tail gas pollutants is improved, the fuel efficiency is improved, and the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
NO in diesel engine exhaustxMainly composed of NO and NO2The composition of the diesel engine exhaust gas contains NO about 95%, and the diesel engine is oxygen-enriched combustion, so that the exhaust gas also containsA large amount of O2、N2、H2O, steam and small amount of SO2And other products, due to the presence of substantial amounts of oxygen, such that NO is normally present (i.e., in an oxygen-depleted state)xThe reduction reaction of (2) is difficult to proceed.
In the oxygen-deficient state, NOxDirect decomposition conversion, low temperature plasma containing a large number of energetic electrons, ions and other excited state particles, the average energy of these active particles being higher than that of NO2The bond energy of gas molecules, which frequently collide with the gas molecules, at the moment of effective collision the kinetic energy of active particles is converted into potential energy in the gas molecules so as to break the chemical bonds thereof, break one or more bonds, and generate new gas molecules or solid elementary particles consisting of single atoms under the action of directional reaction:
e+N2-e+N(4S)+N(2D)
N(4S)+NO-N2+O
the overall chemical reaction is:
2NO-N2+O2
wherein N is: (4S and N (2D) are nitrogen atoms in a ground state and a metastable state respectively, which are the most ideal states, and NO is directly decomposed into N by the impact of high-energy particles in low-temperature plasma2And O2。
NO in oxygen-enriched statexIs converted by oxidation due to the addition of O2The energy of decomposition is less than N2The decomposed energy is low in average energy of electrons, namely about 3-6eV, of plasmas generated by the coaxial electrode reactor in the discharge method; under such conditions, O2Than N2The probability of dissociation occurring is much higher, so that only O can be dissociated2Dissociated into ions, ground-state oxygen atoms O: (3P) Oxidation of NO to NO by reaction2Metastable oxygen atom O (4D) Will be reacted with H2O reacts to form OH ions.
O(2P)+NO+M-NO2+M
O(sP)+O2+M-O2+M
O8+NO-NO2+O2
O(4D)+Ｈ2O-20Ｈ
And N (N: (2D) And O2Easily reacts to generate NO, and is composed of N (B), (C) and (C) under the condition of exhaust gas rich in oxygen2D) The NO produced will react with N: (2S) the amount of NO reduced finally reaches a dynamic equilibrium.
Most of the components in the mixed gas after the low-temperature plasma reaction are NO with strong oxidizability2、O、OH、O3Free active particles such as metastable nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms, and the like, and the ignition temperature of the free active particles is greatly reduced under the action of a catalyst with extremely strong selectivity; at low temperatures, NOx is dissolved by soluble organics SOF (CxH)yOz) Reduction:
CxHyOz+NO+O2-CO2+N2+H2O
reduced by dry carbon smoke DS (C) under high temperature conditions:
C+NO+O2-CO2+N2
CO due to PM particle burnout on the particulate trap catalyst support at high temperatures2The concentration decreases sharply.
In addition, the synergistic effect of the plasma and the catalyst is used as a new catalytic process applied to catalytic reaction to present some new characteristics, and the basic idea is as follows: the plasma promotes the generation of active species, and selectively generates a target product under the action of active components of the catalyst so as to obtain high activity and high selectivity, wherein the reaction process mainly comprises the following steps:
the high-voltage pulse power supply is used for supplying power to the coaxial electrode reactor, the high-frequency high-voltage discharge pulse generated by the coaxial electrode reactor ionizes tail gas components to generate a large amount of active particles with extremely strong oxidizability, namely low-temperature plasma, and NO is converted into NO around the low-temperature plasma2Part of the PM particles being converted to CO and CO2Conversion of HC to CO or CO2；
NO+PM+He+O2-NTP-NO2+CO+CO2+Ｈ2O
The PM particles which are not processed by the low-temperature plasma are trapped and adsorbed on a carrier coated with a catalyst by a particle trap, and NO is generated subsequently2The series of active particles with strong oxidizing property react with the PM particles trapped and adsorbed by the particle trap again under the combined action of low-temperature plasma and a catalyst to generate CO2And NO2Is reduced to N2To achieve PM regeneration, the overall simplified reaction is as follows:
the purification efficiency of a reaction system combining plasma and catalysis is higher than that of a single system, and the synergistic effect of the plasma and the catalysis improves HC compounds, CO and NOxThe removal rate of (2) is that due to the low-temperature plasma-assisted catalysis, partial harmful gas molecules are in an active state, the chemical adsorption performance of the harmful gas molecules is changed, so that the activity is improved, the catalyst reduces the ignition temperature of the soot to about 300 ℃, the ignition temperature is further reduced after the low-temperature plasma-assisted catalysis is adopted, the ignition temperature is reduced from about 300 ℃ to about 280 ℃, the corresponding maximum combustion point temperature is reduced from 357 ℃ to 338 ℃, the burnout temperature is also reduced from 425 ℃ to 382 ℃, and simultaneously, the plasma-assisted action ensures that N is subjected to the plasma-assisted catalysis2Maximum conversion and maximum CO2The generation temperature points are shifted to the lower temperature direction, and one explanation is that the action mechanism of plasma-assisted catalysis causes O2And NO into active groups such as O and NO, which are further oxidized into NO2And NO2The reactivity with soot is greater than that of NO; it is also explained that part of the NO is in a modified active state due to plasma-assisted catalysis, which changes the chemisorption properties of NO on the catalyst and soot surface and thus finally shows an increase in activity and selectivity, or that a plasma sheath is present at the catalyst-plasma interface, the catalyst surface being at a negative potential compared to the plasma potential, and cations impinging on the catalyst surface under acceleration of the sheath potentialThe surface of the catalyst helps desorption of the product and promotes the reaction.
In the study of NOxDuring the mechanism of the chemical-physical reaction that takes place in the plasma atmosphere, it follows that: NOxWherein NO is mainly through reaction with O2Oxidation reaction to generate NO2High energy electrons and O generated by discharge of high voltage power supply2The dissociation reaction of the molecule is the key to initiating the whole reaction system, O2Can accelerate the conversion of NO, but almost all of the NO is converted into NO2Thus, total NO cannot be reduced from the realxConcentration of (A) O2Content of (A) to NO removal rate and NO2Has a great influence on the formation concentration of O2The higher the volume percentage of (A), the lower the removal rate of NO, and NO2The higher the generated concentration of (C), the more effective the soot removal with NO2Increased with increasing concentration; the invention adopts a method of connecting low-temperature plasma auxiliary catalytic reduction and a particle catcher in series, and combines the oxidation reduction capability of plasma with the catalytic conversion function of a catalyst, thereby treating solid organic matter particles in tail gas.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present patent, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present patent.
Claims (9)
1. The tail gas waste heat power generation and purification treatment device of the diesel engine is characterized in that: the waste heat power generation device is a tail gas inlet end, the purification treatment device is a tail gas outlet end, the waste heat power generation device comprises a hot end heat exchange main body, a cold end heat exchange main body, thermoelectric generation pieces, clamping plates and fixing flanges, the number of the hot end heat exchange main body and the number of the cold end heat exchange main body are four, each hot end heat exchange main body is a rectangular structure formed by a plurality of heat exchange fins, each cold end heat exchange main body is an L-shaped structure formed by a plurality of heat exchange fins, two hot end heat exchange main bodies are arranged on the upper surface of the clamping plate side by side, the other two hot end heat exchange main bodies are arranged on the lower surface of the clamping plate side by side, the two hot end heat exchange main bodies on the upper surface of the clamping plate and the two hot end heat exchange main bodies on the lower surface of the clamping plate are symmetrically arranged, and the plurality of heat exchange, the four hot end heat exchange main bodies and the clamping plates are combined to form a rectangular body heat exchange structure, two ends of the rectangular body heat exchange structure are respectively connected and fixed through fixing flanges, and gaps among a plurality of heat exchange fins of the hot end heat exchange main bodies form a heat exchange channel for tail gas to flow; the outer surface of the hot end heat exchange main body of the rectangular body heat exchange structure is provided with a plurality of thermoelectric generation pieces, and the hot ends of the thermoelectric generation pieces are in contact with the outer surface of the hot end heat exchange main body of the rectangular body heat exchange structure in a fitting manner; the four cold end heat exchange main bodies are respectively arranged at four corner positions of the rectangular body heat exchange structure and are fixedly connected with the fixed flange, the cold ends of the thermoelectric generation pieces are in contact with the inner surface of the cold end heat exchange main bodies in a fitting manner, and a plurality of thermoelectric generation pieces are electrically connected with an external battery system after being connected in series or in parallel through leads; the purification treatment device comprises a shell with a cylindrical tubular structure, two brackets are arranged at the front end in the shell, a plurality of coaxial electrode reactors parallel to the axis of the shell are arranged between the two brackets, the coaxial electrode reactors are electrically connected with an external high-voltage pulse power supply after being connected in parallel through cables, a particle catcher is arranged at the rear end in the shell,
the support comprises a fixing ring fixedly connected with the inner circumferential surface of the shell, a plurality of connecting arms are arranged on the fixing ring, the connecting arms uniformly surround the axis of the fixing ring for a circle, a limiting outer ring, a limiting middle ring and a limiting inner ring are arranged on the connecting arms, the limiting outer ring, the limiting middle ring and the limiting inner ring are in the same circle center, an annular groove formed between the limiting outer ring and the limiting middle ring is used for clamping an outer electrode of the coaxial electrode reactor, a cylindrical groove formed inside the limiting inner ring is used for clamping a central electrode of the coaxial electrode reactor, and a hole for the central electrode of the coaxial electrode reactor or a cable to pass through is formed in the connecting arm at the bottom of the cylindrical groove.
2. The diesel engine exhaust heat power generation and purification treatment device as recited in claim 1, wherein an aluminum foil is wrapped around a rectangular heat exchange structure formed by combining the four hot end heat exchange bodies and the clamping plates, and the gaps between the hot end heat exchange bodies and the gaps between the hot end heat exchange bodies and the clamping plates are sealed by fire-proof sealant.
3. The diesel engine exhaust waste heat power generation and purification treatment device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface of the clamping plate is formed with a protruding strip extending along the length direction of the clamping plate, and the protruding strip is located in a gap between two adjacent heat exchange fins of the hot end heat exchange body.
4. The diesel engine exhaust waste heat power generation and purification treatment device according to claim 1, wherein an input transition pipeline is connected to an exhaust gas inlet end of the waste heat power generation device, an intermediate transition pipeline is connected between the waste heat power generation device and the purification treatment device, and the input transition pipeline and the intermediate transition pipeline are respectively connected and fixed with fixing flanges at two ends of the rectangular heat exchange structure.
5. The diesel engine exhaust waste heat power generation and purification treatment device as recited in claim 1, wherein the fixing flanges include an upper left fixing flange, a lower left fixing flange, an upper right fixing flange and a lower right fixing flange, the upper left fixing flange and the lower left fixing flange are bolted to form a rectangular flange structure, and the upper right fixing flange and the lower right fixing flange are bolted to form a rectangular flange structure.
6. The diesel engine exhaust heat power generation and purification treatment device as recited in claim 1, wherein said coaxial electrode reactor comprises a center electrode and an outer electrode, an inner dielectric layer is coated on an outer circumferential surface of the center electrode, an outer dielectric layer is coated on an inner circumferential surface of the outer electrode, and said center electrode and said outer electrode are W8O tungsten-copper alloy material.
7. The exhaust gas cogeneration and purification treatment device of a diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein the filter element of the particulate trap is made of cordierite ceramic material as a catalyst carrier, and a conductive paint coating is provided on the outer surface of the catalyst carrier and carries a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises copper oxide CuO and la0.6k0.4mn0.5fe0.5o3, and the conductive paint coating is alumina Al2O3 doped with zirconia CeO2 and ceria CeO 2.
8. The exhaust gas cogeneration and purification treatment apparatus for a diesel engine according to claim 7, wherein the catalyst is produced by a method comprising: La0.6K0.4Mn0.5Fe0.5O3 is prepared by adopting a citric acid low-temperature combustion method, then the La0.6K0.4Mn0.5Fe0.5O3 is ground into powder, copper nitrate solution is impregnated into the powder by adopting an isometric impregnation method, and the powder is baked for 10 hours at the high temperature of 600 ℃.
9. The method for generating power by using the exhaust waste heat of the diesel engine and purifying the exhaust waste heat of the diesel engine according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) high-temperature tail gas exhausted by a diesel engine firstly enters a waste heat power generation device, the tail gas exchanges heat with a plurality of heat exchange fins of a hot end heat exchange main body in a rectangular body heat exchange structure, the hot end heat exchange main body transfers heat to the hot ends of thermoelectric generation pieces, meanwhile, a plurality of heat exchange fins of a cold end heat exchange main body exchange heat with external air, the cold end heat exchange main body transfers the heat to the cold ends of the thermoelectric generation pieces, and the thermoelectric generation pieces convert heat energy into electric energy according to the temperature difference between the hot ends and the cold ends, are electrically connected with an external battery system through leads and charge batteries;
(2) the tail gas after passing through the waste heat power generation device enters a purification treatment device, firstly, a high-voltage pulse power supply is used for supplying power to a coaxial electrode reactor, high-frequency high-voltage discharge pulses generated by the coaxial electrode reactor ionize tail gas components to generate a large amount of active particles with extremely strong oxidabilityI.e. low temperature plasma, and converting NO to NO around the low temperature plasma2Part of the PM particles being converted to CO and CO2Conversion of HC to CO or CO2(ii) a The PM particles which are not processed by the low-temperature plasma are trapped and adsorbed on a carrier coated with a catalyst by a particle trap, and NO is generated subsequently2The series of active particles with strong oxidizing property react with PM particles trapped and adsorbed by the particle trap again under the combined action of low-temperature plasma and catalyst to generate CO2And NO2Is reduced to N2And the regeneration of PM particles is realized, the purification treatment is finished, and the tail gas is discharged.
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