CN110242370B - Control method and control system model for participating in primary frequency modulation of power grid during sliding pressure operation of supercritical intermediate reheating unit - Google Patents
Control method and control system model for participating in primary frequency modulation of power grid during sliding pressure operation of supercritical intermediate reheating unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN110242370B CN110242370B CN201910452742.0A CN201910452742A CN110242370B CN 110242370 B CN110242370 B CN 110242370B CN 201910452742 A CN201910452742 A CN 201910452742A CN 110242370 B CN110242370 B CN 110242370B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/003—Arrangements for measuring or testing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/32—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines using steam of critical or overcritical pressure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method and a control system model for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during the sliding pressure operation of a supercritical intermediate reheating type unit, which comprises the following steps: when the given working condition stably runs, the high-pressure regulating valve is fully opened, and the medium-pressure regulating valve is fully opened or regulated to a preset opening degree; when the load of the power grid is reduced, a generator rotating speed difference signal is obtained and used as a feed-forward signal, and a high-pressure regulating valve signal CV1 and a medium-pressure regulating valve signal CV2 are obtained; obtaining a high-pressure regulating valve opening adjusting signal GV1 according to the high-pressure regulating valve signal CV1, and obtaining a medium-pressure regulating valve opening adjusting signal GV2 according to the medium-pressure regulating valve signal CV 2; the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve simultaneously participate in primary frequency modulation, and after the regulation is finished, the high-pressure regulating valve is regulated to a full-open state. The control method and the control system model can enable the supercritical intermediate reheating unit to participate in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during sliding pressure operation, mitigate the change of frequency and maintain the balance of power and load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of primary frequency modulation of a supercritical unit, and particularly relates to a control method and a control system model for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during the sliding pressure operation of a supercritical intermediate reheating unit.
Background
When the load of the power grid changes and then the frequency of the power grid changes, all the parallel running units in the power grid automatically bear certain load changes according to the static characteristics of the units so as to reduce the change of the frequency, namely primary frequency modulation. The common generator set adopts differential regulation, the primary frequency modulation cannot accurately maintain the frequency of a power grid unchanged, but can moderate the frequency change degree and ensure the safety of the generator set, and the response to the frequency change is quick. During secondary frequency modulation action, the secondary frequency modulation is error-free adjustment, so that the frequency of the power grid can be accurately restored to the original rated frequency. After the secondary frequency modulation is finished, the speed regulator participating in the primary frequency modulation is restored to the original position.
The load distribution among the parallel running machine groups is automatically performed according to the static characteristics of the parallel running machine groups, the larger the unevenness is, the smaller the load distributed to the machine group is, and the machine group with the smaller unevenness bears the larger load change. Generally, the unevenness of the parallel running units is similar, if the unevenness of a certain unit is very small, the frequency fluctuation of the power grid can cause the power of the unit to fluctuate greatly, the unit cannot work normally, the larger the capacity of the power grid is, the smaller the unevenness of the parallel running units is, and the more easily the frequency stability is ensured.
The supercritical intermediate reheating unit is a product developed from a condensing unit to high power. In order to improve the economy and be limited by high-temperature materials, almost all high-power condensing turbine sets adopt intermediate reheating at present. The supercritical intermediate reheating unit is generally made of units and is provided with a bypass system and a medium-pressure combined steam valve so as to solve the problems of inconsistent minimum loads of the boiler and dynamic overspeed caused by intermediate reheating volume during load shedding. The unit set has two basic operation modes: constant pressure operation and sliding pressure operation. Constant pressure operation may result in very large throttling losses, and therefore, sliding pressure operation is essentially employed at present. The novel steam temperature and the reheating temperature are easy to maintain in a large temperature range in the sliding pressure operation, the stable internal efficiency of a steam turbine unit can be guaranteed, the quick start and stop and the working condition change of the unit are facilitated, but in the sliding pressure operation, the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve are fully opened, the thermal inertia of a boiler is large, the time constant reaches 100-300 seconds, and when the load of a power grid is reduced, the boiler cannot timely react and participate in primary frequency modulation. In addition, with the increase of the capacity of a grid-connected operation unit, the complexity of the construction of a grid frame, the introduction of a large amount of novel intermittent power supplies, the problem of unbalance of power grid load and parallel unit power caused by heat supply requirements in winter in the north and the like all seriously affect the stability of the power grid frequency. The supercritical intermediate reheating type unit used as the main power of power generation plays an important role in timely reacting to the load change of a power grid, namely participating in primary frequency modulation.
In summary, a new control method for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during the sliding pressure operation of a supercritical intermediate reheating unit is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a control method and a control system model for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during the sliding pressure operation of a supercritical intermediate reheating unit, so as to solve the problem that the supercritical intermediate reheating unit cannot participate in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid under the sliding pressure operation condition. The control method and the control system model can enable the supercritical intermediate reheating unit to participate in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during sliding pressure operation, mitigate the change of frequency and maintain the balance of power and load.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a control method for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during sliding pressure operation of a supercritical intermediate reheating unit comprises the following steps:
when the given working condition stably runs, the high-pressure regulating valve is fully opened, and the medium-pressure regulating valve is fully opened or regulated to a preset opening degree; when the load of the power grid is reduced, a generator rotating speed difference signal is obtained and used as a feed-forward signal, and a high-pressure regulating valve signal CV1 and a medium-pressure regulating valve signal CV2 are obtained; obtaining a high-pressure regulating valve opening adjusting signal GV1 according to the high-pressure regulating valve signal CV1, and obtaining a medium-pressure regulating valve opening adjusting signal GV2 according to the medium-pressure regulating valve signal CV 2; the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve simultaneously participate in primary frequency modulation, and after the regulation is finished, the high-pressure regulating valve is regulated to a full-open state.
A further improvement of the invention is based on the supercritical intermediate reheat train system comprising: the system comprises a boiler, a high-pressure steam turbine, a medium-pressure steam turbine, a low-pressure steam turbine, a superheater, a reheater and a condenser;
the boiler is communicated with a steam inlet of a high-pressure turbine through a first pipeline by a heat device, a steam outlet of the high-pressure turbine is communicated with an inlet of a reheater through a second pipeline, an outlet of the reheater is communicated with a steam inlet of a medium-pressure turbine through a third pipeline, a steam outlet of the medium-pressure turbine is communicated with a steam inlet of a low-pressure turbine through a fourth pipeline, and a steam outlet of the low-pressure turbine is communicated with a condenser;
the first pipeline is provided with a high-pressure main steam valve and a high-pressure regulating valve; the third pipeline is provided with a medium-pressure main steam valve and a medium-pressure regulating valve.
The invention is further improved in that the supercritical intermediate reheat unit model based on comprises:
the main steam pressure signal P0The signal obtained by superposing the opening regulating signal GV1 of the high-pressure regulating valve is input into an inertia link to obtain the relative variation d of the steam inlet quantity of the high-pressure cylinder0A signal;
d0the signal obtained after the signal passes through the intermediate reheating inertia link is superposed with the opening degree adjusting signal GV2 of the intermediate pressure regulating valve to obtain the relative variation d of the steam inlet quantity of the intermediate pressure cylinder1A signal;
d1after the signal passes through a low-pressure inertia link, obtaining a low-pressure cylinder steam inlet variable quantity signal;
obtaining a power output signal P of the steam turbine under the regulation of the power ratio coefficienttPower output signal P of the steam turbinetThe sum of the forces of the high pressure cylinder, the intermediate pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder.
The invention has the further improvement that when the load of a power grid changes, a real-time rotating speed difference signal delta n of the generator is acquired and acquired, and is input into a speed regulation dead zone module through a rotating speed transmitter inertia link module, the output of the speed regulation dead zone module is connected into a difference regulation coefficient module, the output of the difference regulation coefficient module is connected into a first summation module, the other input of the first summation module is a load reference value Ps of the power system, and the load reference value Ps of the power system and the output of the difference regulation coefficient module are subjected to difference operation in the first summation module to acquire a power fluctuation signal;
one path of the power fluctuation signal output by the first summing module is amplified by a gain module with a gain coefficient of K4 and then input into the second summing module, the other path of the power fluctuation signal is input into the third summing module, and the other path of the power fluctuation signal is amplified by a gain module with a gain coefficient of K2 and then input into the fourth summing module; real-time generator power PtInertial power transducerThe second summation module is input after the sex link module; the signal from the third summing module is amplified by a proportional regulating module P2 and a gain module with a gain coefficient of K3 in sequence and then input into a second summing module, and the second summing module outputs a medium-pressure regulating valve signal CV 2; and the signal output by the third summing module is amplified by a proportion adjusting module P1 and a gain module with a gain coefficient of K1 in sequence and then input into a fourth summing module, and the fourth summing module outputs a high-pressure regulating valve signal CV 1.
The invention is further improved in that the high-pressure regulating valve is regulated by the high-pressure servomotor; the medium-pressure regulating valve is regulated through a medium-pressure servomotor;
the deviation value of the high-pressure regulating valve signal and the feedback stroke of the high-pressure servomotor passes through a proportional amplification link and an integral link which are connected in parallel with the comprehensive amplification module, the output amplitude limit of the comprehensive amplification module, the limitation of overspeed opening and overspeed closing of the servomotor, and then is regulated by opening or closing of the servomotor, and finally a high-pressure regulating valve opening degree regulating signal GV1 is output;
the deviation value of the signal of the medium-pressure regulating valve and the feedback stroke of the medium-pressure servomotor passes through a proportional amplification link and an integral link of the comprehensive amplification module, the output amplitude limit of the comprehensive amplification module, the limitation of overspeed opening and overspeed closing of the servomotor, and the opening regulating signal GV2 of the medium-pressure regulating valve is finally output after the servomotor is opened or closed.
The invention is further improved in that when the load changes, the regulating valve signal is also transmitted to the boiler control system, and the opening of the fuel regulating valve and the pressure of the main steam are regulated through the controller and the actuator.
The invention is further improved in that under a rated working condition, the preset opening of the medium-pressure regulating valve is reserved with 5-15% of throttling.
A control system model participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during sliding pressure operation of a supercritical intermediate reheating unit comprises: rotation speed transmitter inertia link module, speed regulation dead zone module, difference regulation coefficient module, power transmitter inertia link module and proportion regulation module P1Proportional regulating module P2A first summing module, a second summing module, a third summing module, a fourth summing module, a gainModule K1Gain module K2Gain module K3And a gain module K4；
The input end of the rotation speed transmitter inertia link module is used for receiving a rotation speed difference signal of the generator; the input end of the speed regulation dead zone module is connected with the output end of the inertia link module of the rotating speed transmitter; the output end of the speed regulation dead zone module is connected with the input end of the difference regulation coefficient module, and the output end of the difference regulation coefficient module is connected with the input end of the first summation module; the input end of the first summation module is also used for receiving a load reference value; output end of first summation module and gain module K2Are connected with the input end of the power supply; gain module K2The output end of the second summing module is connected with the input end of the fourth summing module;
the input end of the power transmitter inertia link module is used for receiving a real-time engine power signal, and the output end of the power transmitter inertia link module is connected with the input end of the third summing module; the output end of the third summation module and the proportion regulation module P1Are connected with the input end of the power supply; proportional control module P1Output terminal and gain module K1Is connected to the input terminal of the gain module K1The output end of the second summing module is connected with the input end of the fourth summing module; the output end of the fourth summing module is used for outputting a regulating control signal of the high-pressure regulating valve;
the output end of the first summation module is respectively connected with a third summation module and a gain module K4Are connected with the input end of the power supply; gain module K4The output end of the first summing module is connected with the input end of the second summing module; the output end of the third summation module is also connected with a proportion adjusting module P2Is connected with the input end of the proportion regulating module P2Output terminal and gain module K3Is connected to the input terminal of the gain module K3The output end of the first summing module is connected with the input end of the second summing module; the output end of the second summation module is used for outputting a regulating control signal of the medium-pressure regulating valve.
The input end of the inertia link module of the rotating speed transmitter receives an actual rotating speed difference signal delta n, then the actual rotating speed difference signal delta n enters the speed regulation dead zone module, and after the signal exceeds the dead zone signal, the signal is accessed to the difference regulation coefficient module and is simultaneously input to the first summation module with the load reference value Ps for difference operation to obtain a power fluctuation signal;
the actual power Pt is connected to the inertia link module of the power transmitter to obtain a power measurement signal, and then the power measurement signal is amplified by the proportion adjusting module P1 and the gain module with the gain coefficient of K1 to obtain a power adjusting signal of the high-pressure valve;
the power fluctuation signal output by the first summing module is amplified by a gain module with a gain coefficient of K2, and then is superposed with the power regulating signal of the high-pressure valve in a fourth summing module, and the output of the fourth summing module is a high-pressure regulating valve signal CV 1;
the signal output by the third summing module is amplified by a proportion adjusting module P2 and a gain module with a gain coefficient of K3 to obtain a power adjusting signal of the medium pressure valve, the power fluctuation signal output by the first summing module is amplified by the gain module with the gain coefficient of K4 and then is superposed with the power adjusting signal of the medium pressure valve in a second summing module, and the output of the second summing module is a signal CV2 of the medium pressure adjusting valve.
Further, still include: a high-pressure servomotor and a medium-pressure servomotor;
the deviation value of the high-pressure regulating valve signal and the feedback stroke of the high-pressure servomotor passes through a proportional amplification link and an integral link which are connected in parallel with the comprehensive amplification module, the output amplitude limit of the comprehensive amplification module, the limitation of overspeed opening and overspeed closing of the servomotor, and then is regulated by opening or closing of the servomotor, and finally a high-pressure regulating valve opening degree regulating signal GV1 is output;
the deviation value of the signal of the medium-pressure regulating valve and the feedback stroke of the medium-pressure servomotor passes through a proportional amplification link and an integral link of the comprehensive amplification module, the output amplitude limit of the comprehensive amplification module, the limitation of overspeed opening and overspeed closing of the servomotor, and the opening regulating signal GV2 of the medium-pressure regulating valve is finally output after the servomotor is opened or closed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the control method for participating in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid during the sliding pressure operation of the supercritical intermediate reheating type unit, when the unit operates under the rated working condition, the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve are fully opened, and no throttling loss exists; when the load of the unit changes, the output power and the load are unbalanced, so that the rotating speed changes, the rotating speed change signal is used as a feedforward signal and is simultaneously transmitted to the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve, the proportional-integral controller and the actuating mechanism are used for regulating the opening of the valve, and the heat storage capacity of the intermediate reheated steam volume is utilized, so that the capacity of participating in primary frequency modulation during the sliding pressure operation of the unit can be remarkably increased, the safety and the stability of the power grid frequency are improved, and the safety of the unit is ensured. After the secondary frequency modulation is carried out with no difference, the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve which participate in the primary frequency modulation are restored to the original opening degree, the control strategy can effectively maintain the pressure of new steam, the circulation efficiency of the system is ensured, and the throttling loss is effectively reduced.
According to the control method, the rotating speed change signal is used as a feedforward signal of the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve, the opening degrees of the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve are regulated through the executing mechanism, the effect of participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid when the supercritical intermediate reheating unit operates under the condition of sliding pressure is achieved, the change of frequency is relieved, and the balance of power and load is maintained; by utilizing the steam volume of the intermediate reheating pipeline, the medium-pressure regulating valve and the high-pressure regulating valve act simultaneously, the capacity of participating in primary frequency modulation during the sliding pressure operation of the supercritical intermediate reheating unit can be effectively enhanced, the fluctuation degree of the power grid frequency is reduced, the constant main steam pressure can be maintained as far as possible, and the circulation efficiency of the system is ensured; when the secondary frequency modulation plays a role in adjusting without difference, the valve is restored to the original position, and throttling loss can be reduced.
Further, in order to timely participate in response and relieve the reduction of the power grid frequency when the load of the unit is increased, the medium-pressure regulating valve is reserved with 5% -15% of throttling.
The control model can realize participation in primary frequency modulation of the power grid during the sliding pressure operation of the supercritical intermediate reheating unit, improves the safety and stability of the power grid frequency and ensures the safety of the unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art supercritical intermediate reheat train three-stage bypass system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional turbine follow-up control scheme (slip pressure operation);
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional coordinated control manner (sliding pressure operation + adjustment of the opening of the regulating valve) of the furnace;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a supercritical intermediate reheat unit model in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a model of a control system of a supercritical intermediate reheat unit in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an actuator in an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure, 1, a boiler; 2. a high pressure turbine; 3. a medium pressure steam turbine; 4. a low pressure turbine; 5. a superheater; 6. a reheater; 7. a condenser; 8. a high pressure main steam valve; 9. a high pressure regulating valve; 10. a medium pressure main steam valve; 11. a medium pressure regulating valve; 12. a first bypass valve; 13. a second bypass valve; 14. a third bypass valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a diagram of a three-stage bypass system for a supercritical intermediate reheat unit. When the unit is in a low-load working condition (lower than a rated working condition), the minimum allowable load of the unit is generally 30% -50% of the rated evaporation capacity for the boiler, and the boiler is not combusted stably due to the fact that the load is lower, water circulation is damaged, and the boiler is flamed out; when the steam turbine operates in no-load operation, the steam inlet amount only needs 5% -8% of the rated value, so the arrangement of the bypass system can process the excess steam of the boiler. The bypass system can also improve the starting condition of the unit set, the large unit set is usually started by adopting a slip parameter, the starting process comprises rush rotation, warming, speed raising, grid connection with load and the like, each step has different requirements on the pressure, temperature and flow of steam, and if the requirements are only met by adjusting the combustion working condition of the boiler, the thermal inertia of the boiler is larger. A high-pressure main steam valve 8 and a high-pressure regulating valve 9 are arranged in front of the high-pressure turbine 2, a medium-pressure main steam valve 10 and a medium-pressure regulating valve 11 are arranged in front of the medium-pressure turbine 3, when the load of the steam turbine is reduced less, namely the frequency of the power grid is more than 50+0.5HZ, the action of a bypass system is not needed, when the sliding pressure runs, because the thermal inertia of the boiler is large, the new steam pressure can not be changed in time, the opening degree of the medium pressure regulating valve 11 is regulated only by depending on the steam volume of the middle reheating pipeline, so as to reduce the output power of the medium and low pressure turbine, maintain the temporary stability of power and load, relieve the change of power grid frequency, and obviously reduce the cycle efficiency of the unit due to the reduction of load when the turbine operates under sliding pressure, because the available enthalpy of the unit steam is reduced due to the reduction of the pressure of the initial steam, the opening degree of the medium-pressure regulating valve and the reduction range of the pressure of the initial steam need to be regulated so as to ensure that the circulation efficiency of the system is optimal. When the unit operates stably, working medium water absorbs heat in a boiler 1, the working medium water reaches a supercritical state through a heat device 5, expands through a high-pressure turbine 2 to do work, is heated through a reheater 6, then sequentially expands through a medium-pressure turbine 3 and a low-pressure turbine 4 to do work, is finally condensed through a condenser 7, and then reaches a state before entering the boiler through a series of measures, so that a water cycle is completed. The first bypass valve 12, the second bypass valve 13 and the third bypass valve 14 are all in a closed state when the unit normally operates.
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during sliding pressure operation of a supercritical intermediate reheating type unit, which comprises the following control strategies: when the unit operates stably, because a sliding pressure operation strategy is adopted, the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve are fully opened, sometimes, in order to participate in response in time and relieve the reduction of the power grid frequency when the load of the unit is increased, 5% -15% of throttling is reserved on the medium-pressure regulating valve. However, when the load of the power grid is suddenly reduced, the sudden reduction of the load means that the actual load and the rated load generate larger deviation in a short time, if a tie line is tripped, the frequency of the power grid is suddenly increased, and the safety of the unit and the safe and stable operation of the power grid are seriously threatened, so that a large unit needs to respond in time to participate in primary frequency modulation to relieve the change of the frequency of the power grid. At the moment, the rotating speed change signal of the generator is used as a feedforward signal and is simultaneously transmitted to the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve; the traditional adjusting mode is that only a control signal is transmitted to the high-pressure adjusting valve, but power delay is caused by the large steam volume of the reheating pipeline, so that the medium-pressure adjusting valve needs to act in time to increase the primary frequency modulation capacity of the unit, but when a sliding pressure operation strategy is adopted, the boiler reacts and adjusts new steam pressure, and when secondary frequency modulation finishes adjusting action, the adjusting valve is restored to the original opening degree, and throttling loss is reduced.
Please refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3, which illustrate the adjustment method of the supercritical intermediate reheat steam turbine; fig. 2 shows a turbine follow-up control mode (slip pressure operation) in which the regulating valve is fully opened without throttling loss but cannot participate in primary frequency modulation; fig. 3 shows a machine-furnace coordination control mode, in which an adjustment signal is simultaneously sent to a boiler and a steam turbine, so that on one hand, the steam volume of an intermediate reheating pipeline can be used for enabling a unit to react quickly, and on the other hand, the output of the boiler can be simultaneously changed, so that the fluctuation of the new steam pressure is small.
In order to research the improvement of the capacity of the unit participating in primary frequency modulation, a model structure of a supercritical intermediate reheating unit shown in fig. 4, a control system model shown in fig. 5, is established, and a PI controller, a load feedback control loop and a feedforward control with a rotating speed change signal as a disturbance signal are arranged in the model structure. Wherein, P0-the relative change in main steam pressure; pt-actual generator power; ps-a load reference value; d0-the relative change in the amount of intake of the high pressure cylinder; d1-the relative variation of the steam admission to the intermediate pressure cylinder; t isn-time constant of the speed transmitter; t isCH-time constant of the steam volume of the high pressure cylinder; t isRH-time constant of intermediate reheat piping vapor volume; t isCO-time constant of vapor volume of the low pressure communicating tube; t isp-the time constant of the power transmitter; lambda-the power natural overshoot factor.
In the model of the supercritical intermediate reheat unit shown in fig. 4, the supercritical intermediate reheat unit is divided into a boiler, a high pressure cylinder, an intermediate reheat volume, an intermediate pressure cylinder, a low pressure communication pipe and a low pressure cylinder according to the structural characteristics of the supercritical unit, and dynamic models of each component, a control system and an actuating mechanism are respectively established and connected. Wherein, TCH、TRHAnd TCORespectively representing the steam volume time constant of the steam chamber of the high-pressure regulating valve rear and regulating stage, the volume time constant of the intermediate reheat steam and the low-pressure connectingVolume time constant of pipe, FHP、FIPAnd FLPThe power ratio coefficients of the high, medium and low pressure cylinders are represented, respectively. The main steam pressure is assumed to be constant in a classic reheat type steam turbine model, however, when a unit operates under variable working conditions, the main steam pressure is changed, and the change of the main steam pressure can cause the change of the steam inlet quantity of the unit, so that the output of a steam turbine is directly influenced, and therefore a main steam pressure signal P is introduced into the reheat type steam turbine model0As another input, the combined throttle opening signal GV1 corrects the unit steam intake. The superposed signals pass through an inertia link to obtain the relative variation d of the steam inlet quantity of the high-pressure cylinder0Signal, d0The signal of the signal after passing through the intermediate reheating inertia link is superposed with the opening signal GV2 of the intermediate pressure regulating valve to be used as the relative variation d of the steam inlet quantity of the intermediate pressure cylinder1Signal, signal d1After the low-pressure inertia link, the obtained low-pressure cylinder steam inlet steam variable quantity signal obtains a high-pressure cylinder steam turbine power output signal under the condition of power ratio coefficient adjustment, and in order to make simulation more practical and improve model accuracy, the unit model introduces a high-pressure cylinder power natural overshoot coefficient to correct a high-pressure cylinder acting link; similarly, the intermediate pressure cylinder work doing link introduces an intermediate pressure cylinder power natural overshoot coefficient to correct the model. Total power output P of steam turbinetThe sum of the forces of the high pressure cylinder, the medium pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder.
Fig. 5 is a model of a control system of a supercritical intermediate reheat type unit, wherein an input end of an inertia link module of a speed transmitter receives an actual rotating speed difference signal delta n of a generator and then enters a speed regulation dead zone module, the speed regulation dead zone module has an error handling function, when an error is smaller than a set dead zone width, an output is 0, and when the error is larger than the set dead zone width, an input and an output of a dead zone have a linear relation. After the generator rotating speed difference signal delta n exceeds the dead zone signal, accessing a difference adjustment coefficient module, and inputting the difference adjustment coefficient module and a load reference value Ps of the power system into a first summing module at the same time for carrying out difference operation to obtain a power fluctuation signal; real-time generator power PtThe power transmitter inertia link module is accessed to obtain a generator power measurement signal, the generator power measurement signal and the power fluctuation signal are superposed and summed, and then the sum is subjected to a proportion adjustment module P1 and a gain module with a gain coefficient of K1Amplifying the block to obtain a power regulating signal of the high-pressure regulating valve; the power fluctuation signal output by the first summation module is amplified by a gain module with a gain coefficient of K2, and then is subjected to feedforward superposition with the power regulation signal of the high-pressure regulating valve and output to the high-pressure regulating valve to obtain a high-pressure regulating valve signal CV 1; the signal output by the third summing module is amplified by a proportion adjusting module P2 and a gain module with a gain coefficient K3 to obtain a power adjusting signal of the medium-pressure adjusting valve, and the power fluctuation signal of the medium-pressure adjusting valve is amplified by the gain module with the gain coefficient K4, fed forward and superposed with the power adjusting signal of the medium-pressure adjusting valve, and output to the medium-pressure adjusting valve to obtain a signal CV2 of the medium-pressure adjusting valve.
Referring to fig. 6, the actuating mechanism of the adjusting system mainly includes a high-pressure oil motor and a medium-pressure oil motor. The deviation value of the regulating valve signal and the feedback stroke of the servomotor passes through the proportional and integral links of the comprehensive amplification module, the output amplitude limit of the comprehensive amplification module, the limitation of overspeed opening and overspeed closing of the servomotor, and the opening degree of the regulating valve is finally output through the opening or closing regulation of the servomotor. When the load is changed, the regulating signal is also transmitted to the boiler control system, and the opening of the fuel regulating valve and the pressure of the main steam are regulated through the controller and the actuator. Specifically, the input of the execution mechanism is a valve regulating instruction signal CV and a valve opening signal from a feedback link, the output is a valve opening signal GV, the valve instruction signal CV and the valve opening feedback signal are subjected to difference operation by a summation module to obtain a new regulating valve instruction signal, and the valve instruction signal is subjected to proportional amplification of a parallel link by a link multiple KpAnd an integration element
These two links act to amplify and add smoothing to the signal. SPI maxAnd SPI minFor the comprehensive amplification of the upper and lower limits, VELopenAnd VELcloseOverspeed opening and overspeed closing factor, ToAnd TcTime constants of the opening and closing of the servomotor, respectively, when the valve command adjusting signal passes through the upper limit of the stroke P of the valvemaxAnd a lower line PminDetermining the regulating range of the valve opening, and finally outputting the valveAnd a door opening adjusting signal GV.
According to the invention, parameters such as a high-pressure cylinder steam volume time constant, an intermediate reheating volume time constant, a low-pressure communicating pipe volume time constant, a rotating speed transmitter time constant, a speed change rate of a speed regulating system and the like can be obtained by carrying out parameter identification on a unit regulating system; the model and the adjusting method are adopted for simulating a certain intermediate reheating unit and are compared with test data, and the method is verified to be capable of effectively increasing the primary frequency modulation capacity of the supercritical intermediate reheating unit and to be quick in response. The influence of the feedforward proportion coefficient of the high-pressure regulating valve and the feedforward proportion coefficient of the medium-pressure regulating valve on the characteristics of the regulating system is researched, and the result shows that:
(1) the unit adopts a sliding pressure operation control strategy, when the load changes, the steam volume of the intermediate reheating pipeline is utilized, and a rotating speed change signal is used as a feedforward signal and is simultaneously transmitted to the high-pressure regulating valve and the intermediate-pressure regulating valve, so that the high-pressure regulating valve and the intermediate-pressure regulating valve act simultaneously, the quick response capability of the unit to the load can be improved, the main steam pressure cannot generate large change, and the reduction of the cycle efficiency of the unit is effectively avoided. And the feedback control is combined with the feedforward control, the respective advantages of the feedforward control and the feedback control are exerted, and the performance of the primary frequency modulation control system is higher.
(2) When the medium-pressure regulating valve participates in primary frequency modulation, the feedforward proportion coefficient of the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve is matched, otherwise, the control of the high-pressure regulating valve hardly influences the dynamic response of the unit, and further influences the dynamic characteristic of the whole regulating system.
(3) When the sliding pressure operation is carried out, the circulation efficiency of the system can be reduced, so that the initial enthalpy of new steam is maintained as much as possible, the opening degree of the medium-pressure regulating valve is regulated by utilizing the steam volume of the intermediate reheating pipeline, a unit is enabled to maintain the constant of the new steam pressure, and the circulation efficiency of the system is ensured.
In order to solve the problem that the supercritical intermediate reheating unit cannot participate in primary frequency modulation of a power grid under the condition of sliding pressure operation, the invention provides a novel control system, wherein a rotating speed change signal is used as a feedforward signal of a high-pressure regulating valve and a medium-pressure regulating valve, the opening degrees of the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve are regulated by an actuating mechanism by utilizing the volume of intermediate reheating steam, the change of frequency is alleviated, and the balance of power and load is maintained. When the unit adopts a sliding pressure operation strategy and the load changes, the rotation speed change signal is simultaneously transmitted to the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve as a feedforward signal by utilizing the heat accumulation of the intermediate reheating volume, the unit is enabled to respond quickly by adopting proportional-integral control, the capability of the unit participating in primary frequency modulation is improved, the relative stability of the main steam pressure is maintained as much as possible, the circulation efficiency of the system is ensured, and after the secondary frequency modulation of the system plays a role, the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve are restored to the original positions, and the excessive throttling loss is avoided.
The operation mode of the thermal power turbine is divided into a constant pressure operation mode and a sliding pressure operation mode. The new steam pressure and the temperature are kept unchanged in a constant pressure mode, the load of the unit is adjusted by changing the opening degree of a valve, the adjusting valve of the steam turbine is fully opened in a sliding pressure operation mode, and the power of the steam turbine is adjusted by changing the main steam pressure. The average pressure loss of the constant-pressure operation tripping valve of the steam turbine set with larger generating power is higher than the average pressure loss of the sliding pressure operation regulating valve. The invention provides a method for controlling a high-pressure valve and a medium-pressure valve of a steam turbine set under the condition of sliding pressure, so that the set can quickly respond to the change between power and load, after secondary frequency modulation finishes accurate frequency modulation, the regulating valve is restored to the original valve opening, and the average throttling loss is effectively reduced to a great extent.
In summary, the invention provides a new control method for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during the sliding pressure operation of a supercritical intermediate reheating unit, and the unit participates in the primary frequency modulation by utilizing the heat storage capacity of an intermediate reheating pipeline, simultaneously adjusting the opening degrees of a high-pressure regulating valve and a medium-pressure regulating valve and combining with a control strategy of the sliding pressure operation. In the invention, the unit adopts a control strategy of sliding pressure operation, when the load of the unit changes, the control system transmits a rotating speed change signal as a feedforward signal to the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve at the same time, and the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve act at the same time, so that the unit can quickly react to the load change, the constancy of new steam pressure is maintained as much as possible, the capacity of the unit for responding to the load change is improved, the stability of the power grid frequency is maintained, and the circulation efficiency of the. When the secondary frequency modulation plays a role, the primary frequency modulation is removed, and the valve is restored to the original position. The time for adjusting the primary frequency modulation is extremely short, and the action of the medium-pressure adjusting valve can not generate excessive throttling loss by combining a sliding pressure operation strategy.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make modifications and equivalents to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A control method for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during sliding pressure operation of a supercritical intermediate reheating unit is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the given working condition stably runs, the high-pressure regulating valve is fully opened, and the medium-pressure regulating valve is fully opened or regulated to a preset opening degree; when the load of the power grid is reduced, a generator rotating speed difference signal is obtained and used as a feed-forward signal, and a high-pressure regulating valve signal CV1 and a medium-pressure regulating valve signal CV2 are obtained; obtaining a high-pressure regulating valve opening adjusting signal GV1 according to the high-pressure regulating valve signal CV1, and obtaining a medium-pressure regulating valve opening adjusting signal GV2 according to the medium-pressure regulating valve signal CV 2; the high-pressure regulating valve and the medium-pressure regulating valve simultaneously participate in primary frequency modulation, and after the regulation is finished, the high-pressure regulating valve is regulated to a full-open state;
the high-pressure regulating valve is regulated through the high-pressure servomotor; the medium-pressure regulating valve is regulated through a medium-pressure servomotor;
the deviation value of the high-pressure regulating valve signal and the feedback stroke of the high-pressure servomotor passes through a proportional amplification link and an integral link which are connected in parallel with the comprehensive amplification module, the output amplitude limit of the comprehensive amplification module, the limitation of overspeed opening and overspeed closing of the servomotor, and then is regulated by opening or closing of the servomotor, and finally a high-pressure regulating valve opening degree regulating signal GV1 is output;
the deviation value of the signal of the medium-pressure regulating valve and the feedback stroke of the medium-pressure servomotor passes through a proportional amplification link and an integral link of the comprehensive amplification module, the output amplitude limit of the comprehensive amplification module, the limitation of overspeed opening and overspeed closing of the servomotor, and the opening regulating signal GV2 of the medium-pressure regulating valve is finally output after the servomotor is opened or closed.
2. The method for controlling the participation in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid during the sliding pressure operation of the supercritical intermediate reheat unit according to claim 1, wherein the supercritical intermediate reheat unit based system comprises: the system comprises a boiler, a high-pressure steam turbine, a medium-pressure steam turbine, a low-pressure steam turbine, a superheater, a reheater and a condenser;
the boiler is communicated with a steam inlet of a high-pressure turbine through a first pipeline by a heat device, a steam outlet of the high-pressure turbine is communicated with an inlet of a reheater through a second pipeline, an outlet of the reheater is communicated with a steam inlet of a medium-pressure turbine through a third pipeline, a steam outlet of the medium-pressure turbine is communicated with a steam inlet of a low-pressure turbine through a fourth pipeline, and a steam outlet of the low-pressure turbine is communicated with a condenser;
the first pipeline is provided with a high-pressure main steam valve and a high-pressure regulating valve; the third pipeline is provided with a medium-pressure main steam valve and a medium-pressure regulating valve.
3. The method for controlling participation in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during the sliding pressure operation of the supercritical intermediate reheat unit according to claim 1, wherein the supercritical intermediate reheat unit model based on comprises:
the main steam pressure signal P0The signal obtained by superposing the opening regulating signal GV1 of the high-pressure regulating valve is input into an inertia link to obtain the relative steam inlet quantity of the high-pressure cylinderAmount of change d0A signal;
d0the signal obtained after the signal passes through the intermediate reheating inertia link is superposed with the opening degree adjusting signal GV2 of the intermediate pressure regulating valve to obtain the relative variation d of the steam inlet quantity of the intermediate pressure cylinder1A signal;
d1after the signal passes through a low-pressure inertia link, obtaining a low-pressure cylinder steam inlet variable quantity signal;
obtaining a power output signal P of the steam turbine under the regulation of the power ratio coefficienttPower output signal P of the steam turbinetThe sum of the forces of the high pressure cylinder, the intermediate pressure cylinder and the low pressure cylinder.
4. The method for controlling the participation in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid during the sliding pressure operation of the supercritical intermediate reheater unit according to claim 1, wherein when the load of the power grid changes, a real-time generator rotating speed difference signal Δ n is acquired and acquired, and is input into a speed regulation dead zone module through a rotating speed transmitter inertia link module, the output of the speed regulation dead zone module is connected to a difference regulation coefficient module, the output of the difference regulation coefficient module is connected to a first summation module, the other input of the first summation module is a power system load reference value Ps, and the power system load reference value Ps and the output of the difference regulation coefficient module are subjected to difference operation in the first summation module to acquire a power fluctuation signal;
one path of the power fluctuation signal output by the first summing module is amplified by a gain module with a gain coefficient of K4 and then input into the second summing module, the other path of the power fluctuation signal is input into the third summing module, and the other path of the power fluctuation signal is amplified by a gain module with a gain coefficient of K2 and then input into the fourth summing module; real-time generator power PtThe signals are input into a third summation module after passing through a power transmitter inertia link module; the signal from the third summing module is amplified by a proportional regulating module P2 and a gain module with a gain coefficient of K3 in sequence and then input into a second summing module, and the second summing module outputs a medium-pressure regulating valve signal CV 2; and the signal output by the third summing module is amplified by a proportion adjusting module P1 and a gain module with a gain coefficient of K1 in sequence and then input into a fourth summing module, and the fourth summing module outputs a high-pressure regulating valve signal CV 1.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the load changes, the control valve signal is also transmitted to the boiler control system, and the opening of the fuel control valve and the pressure of the main steam are adjusted by the controller and the actuator.
6. The method for controlling the participation in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid during the sliding pressure operation of the supercritical intermediate reheating unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein under a rated working condition, the preset opening degree of the intermediate pressure regulating valve is 5-15% of the throttle.
7. A control system model for participating in primary frequency modulation of a power grid during sliding pressure operation of a supercritical intermediate reheating unit is characterized by comprising: rotation speed transmitter inertia link module, speed regulation dead zone module, difference regulation coefficient module, power transmitter inertia link module and proportion regulation module P1Proportional regulating module P2A first summation module, a second summation module, a third summation module, a fourth summation module, a gain module K1Gain module K2Gain module K3And a gain module K4；
The input end of the rotation speed transmitter inertia link module is used for receiving a rotation speed difference signal of the generator; the input end of the speed regulation dead zone module is connected with the output end of the inertia link module of the rotating speed transmitter; the output end of the speed regulation dead zone module is connected with the input end of the difference regulation coefficient module, and the output end of the difference regulation coefficient module is connected with the input end of the first summation module; the input end of the first summation module is also used for receiving a load reference value; output end of first summation module and gain module K2Are connected with the input end of the power supply; gain module K2The output end of the second summing module is connected with the input end of the fourth summing module;
the input end of the power transmitter inertia link module is used for receiving a real-time engine power signal, and the output end of the power transmitter inertia link module is connected with the input end of the third summing module; output of the third summing module andproportional control module P1Are connected with the input end of the power supply; proportional control module P1Output terminal and gain module K1Is connected to the input terminal of the gain module K1The output end of the second summing module is connected with the input end of the fourth summing module; the output end of the fourth summing module is used for outputting a regulating control signal of the high-pressure regulating valve;
the output end of the first summation module is respectively connected with a third summation module and a gain module K4Are connected with the input end of the power supply; gain module K4The output end of the first summing module is connected with the input end of the second summing module; the output end of the third summation module is also connected with a proportion adjusting module P2Is connected with the input end of the proportion regulating module P2Output terminal and gain module K3Is connected to the input terminal of the gain module K3The output end of the first summing module is connected with the input end of the second summing module; the output end of the second summation module is used for outputting a regulation control signal of the medium-pressure regulating valve;
further comprising: a high-pressure servomotor and a medium-pressure servomotor;
the deviation value of the high-pressure regulating valve signal and the feedback stroke of the high-pressure servomotor passes through a proportional amplification link and an integral link which are connected in parallel with the comprehensive amplification module, the output amplitude limit of the comprehensive amplification module, the limitation of overspeed opening and overspeed closing of the servomotor, and then is regulated by opening or closing of the servomotor, and finally a high-pressure regulating valve opening degree regulating signal GV1 is output;
the deviation value of the signal of the medium-pressure regulating valve and the feedback stroke of the medium-pressure servomotor passes through a proportional amplification link and an integral link of the comprehensive amplification module, the output amplitude limit of the comprehensive amplification module, the limitation of overspeed opening and overspeed closing of the servomotor, and the opening regulating signal GV2 of the medium-pressure regulating valve is finally output after the servomotor is opened or closed.
8. The model of the control system participating in the primary frequency modulation of the power grid during the sliding pressure operation of the supercritical intermediate reheater unit according to claim 7 is characterized in that the input end of the inertia link module of the rotation speed transmitter receives an actual rotation speed difference signal Δ n, then the actual rotation speed difference signal Δ n enters the speed regulation dead zone module, and after the actual rotation speed difference signal exceeds the dead zone signal, the actual rotation speed difference signal and the speed regulation dead zone signal are connected to the difference regulation coefficient module and are simultaneously input to the first summation module with the load reference value Ps to perform difference operation to obtain a power fluctuation signal;
the actual power Pt is connected to the inertia link module of the power transmitter to obtain a power measurement signal, and then the power measurement signal is amplified by the proportion adjusting module P1 and the gain module with the gain coefficient of K1 to obtain a power adjusting signal of the high-pressure valve;
the power fluctuation signal output by the first summing module is amplified by a gain module with a gain coefficient of K2, and then is superposed with the power regulating signal of the high-pressure valve in a fourth summing module, and the output of the fourth summing module is a high-pressure regulating valve signal CV 1;
the signal output by the third summing module is amplified by a proportion adjusting module P2 and a gain module with a gain coefficient of K3 to obtain a power adjusting signal of the medium pressure valve, the power fluctuation signal output by the first summing module is amplified by the gain module with the gain coefficient of K4 and then is superposed with the power adjusting signal of the medium pressure valve in a second summing module, and the output of the second summing module is a signal CV2 of the medium pressure adjusting valve.
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