CN110238489B - Manufacturing and welding process of high-temperature heat exchanger - Google Patents
Manufacturing and welding process of high-temperature heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- CN110238489B CN110238489B CN201910511565.9A CN201910511565A CN110238489B CN 110238489 B CN110238489 B CN 110238489B CN 201910511565 A CN201910511565 A CN 201910511565A CN 110238489 B CN110238489 B CN 110238489B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a manufacturing and welding process of a high-temperature heat exchanger, in particular to a manufacturing and welding process of a heat exchanger with a central supporting tube, wherein the use temperature of the heat exchanger exceeds 900 ℃. (1) Processing the pipe hole groove of the heat exchange pipe to form a single U-shaped groove; (2) cleaning the pipe hole; (3) the heat exchange tube extends out of the end face of the tube plate by 1-1.5 mm; (4) sticking expansion is carried out on the part without the groove, and the part 3-3.2 mm in front and back is not expanded; (5) and welding after the expansion joint test is qualified. The novel connection form of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate is provided, and welding efficiency and quality are improved while high-temperature strength of a welding seam is guaranteed. The assembling sequence of the central tube and the tube bundle is optimized, and the nondestructive testing of all butt weld rays is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a manufacturing and welding process of a heat exchanger with a central supporting tube, which has the use temperature of over 900 ℃.
Background
In the high-temperature heat exchanger, in order to ensure the strength of a welding seam on a tube bundle, particularly the welding of a heat exchange tube and a tube plate, a full penetration welding structure is generally required, and when the thickness of a base metal is larger, the depth of a groove is very large; the angle of the groove is smaller due to the limitation of the distance between the heat exchange pipe holes; therefore, the groove of the connecting weld of the heat exchange tube of the high-temperature heat exchanger and the tube plate is often deep and narrow, the welding difficulty is high, and the welding quality is adversely affected.
For example: patent CN105014336A discloses a novel manufacturing process of double tube plate heat exchanger, comprising the following steps: (1) processing the inner tube plate and the outer tube plate, drilling a bottom hole and a hole by adopting a numerical control drilling machine, controlling the aperture and the roughness, and not allowing the occurrence of thread-shaped and longitudinal scratches; the aperture of the outer tube plate is 0.1mm larger than that of the inner tube plate; B. processing the expansion slot of the inner pipe plate by adopting a special hole slot boring cutter; (2) processing the baffle plates, wherein the processing of the baffle plates takes quadrants as groups, the baffle plates in one quadrant are fixed together by using a straight plate, the front side of the baffle plate is marked, and two ends of the baffle plate hole are chamfered to remove burrs; (3) preassembling the inner pipe plate and the outer pipe plate; (4) assembling the tube bundle; (5) hydraulic expansion connection of the inner tube plate; (6) welding and sticking expansion of the outer pipe plate; (7) and (5) performing pressure test. The process ensures that the tube plate and the heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger are 100 percent qualified after expansion joint, and improves the safety of the heat exchanger.
The welding seams of the tube bundle and the shell of the high-temperature heat exchanger are generally required to be butted, and the tube bundle with the central tube has the conditions that the diameter is different and two welding seams, namely an inner welding seam and an outer welding seam, are arranged at the same position in the length direction; and because of the existence of the heat exchange tube, the welding of the circumferential weld of the tube bundle and the cylinder and the nondestructive detection of rays have difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a connection mode of a heat exchange tube and a tube plate, which can ensure the strength of a welding seam at high temperature, reduce the welding workload and difficulty to the maximum extent and improve the welding efficiency and quality.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a process for assembling and welding a high-temperature heat exchanger tube bundle with a central tube, which successfully solves the problems that the inner and outer welding seams are inconvenient to weld and nondestructive testing is carried out.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-temperature heat exchanger manufacturing and welding process comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the pipe hole groove of the heat exchange pipe to form a single U-shaped groove;
(2) cleaning the pipe hole;
(3) the heat exchange tube extends out of the end face of the tube plate by 1-1.5 mm;
(4) sticking expansion is carried out on the part without the groove, and the part 3-3.2 mm in front and back is not expanded;
(5) and welding after the expansion joint test is qualified.
The heat exchange tube and the tube plate of this application adopt a new attach fitting, with traditional full penetration structure welding seam, optimize for half welding, half expanded joint, when guaranteeing welding seam intensity under the high temperature, reduce the heat exchange tube welding degree of difficulty.
The specific welding method in the present application is not particularly limited, as long as the corresponding weld strength can be ensured. Therefore, in some embodiments, during the welding process, argon arc is adopted for bottoming, and shielded metal arc welding is adopted for filling and capping, so that the welding efficiency and the welding quality are improved.
The welding seam metal amount of the single U-shaped groove is minimum, the deformation of a weldment is small, and the proportion of base metal in the welding seam metal is small; in order to ensure effective welding of workpieces, in some embodiments, the depth of the single U-shaped groove is 1/2-5/8 of the thickness of the tube plate.
The bevel angle is an important welding process factor influencing the weld formation, the welding dilution rate and the shape of a fusion zone, so that in some embodiments, the root of the bevel is in an inverted R arc with the radian ranging from R3 to R5 mm; the bevel angle is 10-15 degrees, and the welding quality is effectively improved.
The tube plate is a round steel which is drilled on a round steel plate and is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the tube, the round steel plays a role in fixing the tube and sealing media in the heat exchanger, and in some embodiments, the thickness of the tube plate is 20-50 mm, so that the heat exchanger is guaranteed to have good assembling and using performance.
For the clearance of tube hole, the corresponding cleaning equipment of specification selection based on the tube hole can, this application does not do special restriction to this, and in some embodiments, clearance tube hole adopts the column thousand impeller that the specification is 320 meshes, not only the clearance is efficient, do not burn the work piece, and the security is high, continuous operation is simple.
The sticking expansion is mainly to eliminate slight expansion joint of a gap between the heat exchange tube and the tube hole, and in order to ensure convenient construction, in some embodiments, the sticking expansion adopts a hydraulic tube expander, and the tube is expanded and connected on the tube plate by using radial pressure generated by applying high-pressure hydraulic pressure provided by the hydraulic tube expander to the high-pressure resistant elastic rubber body, so that the expansion joint between the tube and the tube plate is realized.
In order to improve the welding efficiency of the heat exchange tube, the argon arc welding is optimized to be argon arc welding and welding rod welding and is adjusted to be flat welding position welding by the traditional argon arc welding, so that in some embodiments, the specification of the argon arc welding wire is that
When the width of the welding seam is less than 3mm
The welding rod has obviously raised welding efficiency.
The invention also provides a novel high-temperature heat exchanger prepared by any one of the methods.
The invention also provides the application of the high-temperature heat exchanger in the industrial production of metallurgy, chemistry, ceramics, building materials, light industry and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the heat exchange tube and the tube plate adopt a new connecting joint, the traditional full-penetration welding seam is optimized into half welding and half expansion joint, and the welding difficulty of the heat exchange tube is reduced while the strength of the welding seam at high temperature is ensured.
(2) The heat exchange tube welding is optimized to argon arc welding and welding rod welding by traditional argon arc welding, and is adjusted to flat welding position welding, so that the welding efficiency is improved.
(3) The manufacturing sequence of the tube bundle with the central tube is optimized, the nondestructive detection of all butt welding seams by rays is realized, and the welding quality is ensured.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a connection joint between a heat exchange tube and a tube plate according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-tube plate 2-heat exchange tube.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As introduced in the background art, aiming at the prior high-temperature heat exchanger, the welding seams of the tube bundle and the shell are generally required to be butted, and the tube bundle with the central tube has the condition that the same position in the length direction has two welding seams, namely an inner welding seam and an outer welding seam, with different diameters; and because of the existence of the heat exchange tube, the problems of difficult welding of the circumferential weld of the tube bundle and the cylinder and ray nondestructive testing exist. Therefore, the invention provides a novel high-temperature heat exchanger manufacturing and welding process.
The connection process of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate comprises the following steps:
(1) processing a groove of a pipe hole of the heat exchange pipe, wherein the groove is a single U-shaped groove, and the depth of the groove is one half of the thickness of the pipe plate;
(2) cleaning the pipe hole without burrs, oil stains, rust and the like, and the groove and the inner wall of the pipe hole are required to be smooth;
(3) the heat exchange tube extends out of the end face of the tube plate by 1-1.5 mm;
(4) the part without the groove is attached and expanded, and the front part and the rear part are not expanded by 3 mm;
(5) performing a gas-tight test after the expansion joint is finished, and taking no leakage as a qualified product;
(6) and welding after the expansion joint test is qualified. The priming adopts argon arc, and the filling and capping adopt shielded metal arc welding.
Preferably, the thickness of the tube plate is 20-50 mm.
Preferably, a numerical control machine tool is used for the groove in the step (1), so that the groove machining precision is ensured.
Preferably, in the step (1), the root of the slope is in an inverted R arc, and the radian range is R3-R5 mm; the bevel angle is 10-15 degrees.
Preferably, the cleaning pipe orifice in the step (2) adopts a cylindrical thousand-impeller with the specification of 320 meshes.
Preferably, a hydraulic expander is used in step (4).
Preferably, the specification of the argon arc welding wire in the step (6) is
When the width of the welding seam is less than 3mm
And (4) welding rods.
Preferably, the flat welding position welding is adopted in the step (6).
2. The heat exchange tube and the central tube are installed and welded:
(7) and assembling and welding a tube plate and the cylinder.
(8) And installing a central pipe.
(9) And welding the central tube with the tube plate, and performing nondestructive testing on the connection welding seams of the tube plate and the cylinder body and the tube plate and the central tube after welding.
(10) And after the detection is qualified, a plurality of heat exchange tubes are uniformly distributed and penetrated to serve as positioning tubes, and a second tube plate is installed.
(11) And welding a connecting welding seam of the second tube plate and the shell, and then welding a connecting welding seam of the second tube plate and the central tube.
(12) And drawing the positioning heat exchange tube one third outwards from the end of the first tube plate.
(13) And (4) welding a connecting welding seam of the second tube plate and the shell, and then welding the connecting welding seam of the second tube plate and the central tube to perform ray nondestructive testing.
(14) And (5) penetrating and installing a heat exchange tube for welding.
Preferably, in the step (11), the connecting weld of the second tube plate and the shell adopts an inner groove, and the connecting weld of the tube plate and the central tube adopts an outer groove.
Preferably, in the step (11), the tube plate and the central tube are welded by argon arc priming.
Preferably, the nondestructive radiation detection in the step (13) adopts radioactive source flaw detection.
The core of the invention is that a new connecting joint and a new tube bundle assembling and manufacturing process are adopted, so that the nondestructive testing of all butt weld seams by ray is realized, and the concentricity of two tube plates and a central tube is ensured.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A novel high-temperature heat exchanger manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
(1) the heat exchange tube and the tube plate are connected in a welding and sticking expansion mode, wherein the thickness of a welding seam is one half of that of the tube plate.
(2) The connecting welding seam of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate adopts a U-shaped groove, and the size of the R arc at the root part is in the radian range of R3-R5 mm; the bevel angle is 10-15 degrees.
(3) The heat exchange tube is welded with the tube plate by argon arc and welding rod assembly welding and by flat position welding.
(4) The assembly sequence of the tube bundle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of welding a tube plate and a cylinder body in an assembling and welding mode, installing a central tube, welding the central tube and the tube plate, performing nondestructive testing on a connecting welding line of the tube plate and the cylinder body and the connecting welding line of the tube plate and the central tube after welding, uniformly arranging a plurality of heat exchange tubes as positioning tubes, installing a second tube plate, welding a connecting welding line of the second tube plate and a shell, welding the connecting welding line of the second tube plate and the central tube, drawing the positioning heat exchange tubes out by one third from the end of the first tube plate, connecting the second tube plate and the shell, welding the connecting welding line of the second tube plate and the central tube, performing ray nondestructive testing, and welding the penetrating heat exchange tubes.
Example 2
A novel high-temperature heat exchanger manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
(1) the heat exchange tube and the tube plate are connected in a welding and sticking expansion mode, wherein the thickness of a welding seam is one half of that of the tube plate.
(2) The connecting welding seam of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate adopts a U-shaped groove, and the size of the R arc at the root part is in the radian range of R3 mm; the bevel angle was 10 °.
(3) The heat exchange tube is welded with the tube plate by argon arc and welding rod assembly welding and by flat position welding.
(4) The assembly sequence of the tube bundle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of welding a tube plate and a cylinder body in an assembling and welding mode, installing a central tube, welding the central tube and the tube plate, performing nondestructive testing on a connecting welding line of the tube plate and the cylinder body and the connecting welding line of the tube plate and the central tube after welding, uniformly arranging a plurality of heat exchange tubes as positioning tubes, installing a second tube plate, welding a connecting welding line of the second tube plate and a shell, welding the connecting welding line of the second tube plate and the central tube, drawing the positioning heat exchange tubes out by one third from the end of the first tube plate, connecting the second tube plate and the shell, welding the connecting welding line of the second tube plate and the central tube, performing ray nondestructive testing, and welding the penetrating heat exchange tubes.
In the welding process, argon arc is adopted for bottoming, and welding rod arc welding is adopted for filling and cover surface, so that the welding efficiency and the welding quality are effectively improved.
The cleaning pipe hole adopts a 320-mesh cylindrical thousand-impeller, so that the cleaning efficiency is high, the workpiece is not burnt, the safety is high, and the continuous operation is simple.
Example 3
A novel high-temperature heat exchanger manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
(1) the heat exchange tube and the tube plate are connected in a welding and sticking expansion mode, wherein the thickness of a welding seam is one half of that of the tube plate.
(2) The connecting welding seam of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate adopts a U-shaped groove, and the size of the R arc at the root part is in the radian range of R5 mm; the bevel angle is 15 degrees.
(3) The heat exchange tube is welded with the tube plate by argon arc and welding rod assembly welding and by flat position welding.
(4) The assembly sequence of the tube bundle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of welding a tube plate and a cylinder body in an assembling and welding mode, installing a central tube, welding the central tube and the tube plate, performing nondestructive testing on a connecting welding line of the tube plate and the cylinder body and the connecting welding line of the tube plate and the central tube after welding, uniformly arranging a plurality of heat exchange tubes as positioning tubes, installing a second tube plate, welding a connecting welding line of the second tube plate and a shell, welding the connecting welding line of the second tube plate and the central tube, drawing the positioning heat exchange tubes out by one third from the end of the first tube plate, connecting the second tube plate and the shell, welding the connecting welding line of the second tube plate and the central tube, performing ray nondestructive testing, and welding the penetrating heat exchange tubes.
The tube plate is a round steel which is drilled on a round steel plate and is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the tube, the round steel plays a role in fixing the tube and sealing media in the heat exchanger, and in some embodiments, the thickness of the tube plate is 20-50 mm, so that the heat exchanger is guaranteed to have good assembling and using performance.
Example 4
A novel high-temperature heat exchanger manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
(1) the heat exchange tube and the tube plate are connected in a welding and sticking expansion mode, wherein the thickness of a welding seam is one half of that of the tube plate.
(2) The connecting welding seam of the heat exchange tube and the tube plate adopts a U-shaped groove, and the size of the R arc at the root part is in the radian range of R4 mm; the bevel angle was 12 °.
(3) The heat exchange tube is welded with the tube plate by argon arc and welding rod assembly welding and by flat position welding.
(4) The assembly sequence of the tube bundle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of welding a tube plate and a cylinder body in an assembling and welding mode, installing a central tube, welding the central tube and the tube plate, performing nondestructive testing on a connecting welding line of the tube plate and the cylinder body and the connecting welding line of the tube plate and the central tube after welding, uniformly arranging a plurality of heat exchange tubes as positioning tubes, installing a second tube plate, welding a connecting welding line of the second tube plate and a shell, welding the connecting welding line of the second tube plate and the central tube, drawing the positioning heat exchange tubes out by one third from the end of the first tube plate, connecting the second tube plate and the shell, welding the connecting welding line of the second tube plate and the central tube, performing ray nondestructive testing, and welding the penetrating heat exchange tubes.
The sticking expansion is mainly to eliminate slight expansion joint of a gap between the heat exchange tube and the tube hole, and in order to ensure convenient construction, in some embodiments, the sticking expansion adopts a hydraulic tube expander, and the tube is expanded and connected on the tube plate by using radial pressure generated by applying high-pressure hydraulic pressure provided by the hydraulic tube expander to the high-pressure resistant elastic rubber body, so that the expansion joint between the tube and the tube plate is realized.
In order to improve the welding efficiency of the heat exchange tube, the argon arc welding is optimized to be argon arc welding and welding rod welding and is adjusted to be flat welding position welding by the traditional argon arc welding, so that in some embodiments, the specification of the argon arc welding wire is that
When the width of the welding seam is less than 3mm
The welding rod has obviously raised welding efficiency.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high-temperature heat exchanger manufacturing and welding process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) processing the pipe hole groove of the heat exchange pipe to form a single U-shaped groove;
(2) cleaning the pipe hole;
(3) the heat exchange tube extends out of the end face of the tube plate by 1-1.5 mm;
(4) sticking and expanding the part without the groove, wherein the part 3-3.2 mm before and after the part is not expanded;
(5) welding after the expansion joint test is qualified;
the angle of the single U-shaped groove is 10-15 degrees;
the depth of the single U-shaped groove is 1/2-5/8 of the thickness of the tube plate, and the thickness of the tube plate is 20-50 mm.
2. The process for manufacturing and welding a high-temperature heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein during the welding process, argon arc is adopted for bottoming, and shielded metal arc welding is adopted for filling and cover surfaces.
3. The process for manufacturing and welding a high-temperature heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the root of the groove is in an inverted R arc with the radian ranging from R3 to R5 mm.
4. The process for manufacturing and welding a high-temperature heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning pipe holes are cylindrical thousand impellers with the specification of 320 meshes.
5. A process for manufacturing and welding a high temperature heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein said expansion is performed by a hydraulic expander.
6. The manufacturing and welding process of the high-temperature heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specification of the argon arc welding wire is phi 2.5mm, and when the width of the welding seam is less than 3mm, a welding rod with phi 2.5mm is adopted.
7. A high temperature heat exchanger manufactured by the high temperature heat exchanger manufacturing and welding process of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. Use of the high temperature heat exchanger of claim 7 in metallurgical, chemical, ceramic, building material and light industry applications.
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| CN110682024A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-01-14 | 鲁西工业装备有限公司 | Method for welding heat exchange tube and tube plate and application thereof |
| CN110595103B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-08-31 | 远大空调有限公司 | High-temperature generator tube plate structure for lithium bromide cold-warm water unit |
| CN113369730B (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2024-01-12 | 江苏鼎嘉机械设备科技有限公司 | Automatic welding process for heat exchanger tube plate |
| CN114054899A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-18 | 江苏双良锅炉有限公司 | Welding process of smoke tube and boiler shell of boiler shell boiler |
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| CN105081538A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-11-25 | 哈电集团（秦皇岛）重型装备有限公司 | Process for automatically welding small-specification thin-walled tube and small-holed axle tube plate |
| CN108406054A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-08-17 | 浙江宣达特种合金流程装备股份有限公司 | The connection processing technology of the exchanger tubes and tubesheets of heat exchanger |
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