CN110233256A - A kind of composite nano materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of composite nano materials and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN110233256A
CN110233256A CN201910613222.3A CN201910613222A CN110233256A CN 110233256 A CN110233256 A CN 110233256A CN 201910613222 A CN201910613222 A CN 201910613222A CN 110233256 A CN110233256 A CN 110233256A
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CN110233256B (en
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叶澄
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YANGZHOU SPARKLE INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd.
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Hangzhou Qi Cheng Science And Technology Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of composite nano materials and preparation method thereof, this method uses the synthetic method of hydro-thermal to respectively obtain SnO first2/ carbon material and V2O5Then/graphene composite material obtains SnO by the method for ball milling2/ carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material, preparation method simple possible provide a new approach for the controlledly synthesis of polynary nanometer compound；Quaternary composite nano materials of the present invention are as a whole, improve the electronic conductivity of electrode material, especially reversible capacity and high rate performance are significantly improved for the first time, enhance charge-discharge performance of the electrode material under big multiplying power, increase the discharge capacity of electrode material, reduce the decaying of battery capacity, improve the anti-over-charging performance of battery, extend the cycle life of electrode material, it is very wide with high electrochemistry storage lithium capacity, good stable cycle performance and less energy loss, application prospect.

Description

A kind of composite nano materials and preparation method thereof
The application is divisional application, original application application No. is 201611045014.0, the applying date is November 24 in 2016 Day, it is entitled " a kind of high performance lithium ion battery composite nano materials and preparation method thereof ".
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of nano material application, and in particular to a kind of composite nano materials and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Research to nano material is a Disciplinary Frontiers and many scientific workers in the whole world in current scientific research The hot spot of research.The magical place of nano material and the aspect that do not known by people also are even more the extensive concern for causing people； The research and application prepared to nano material is even more current hot and difficult issue, and the high-tech emphasis of development.
Nano material refers to that size range is the material of 1~100nm.Partial size is less than after 100nm, the surface atom of ion Number is comparable with its internal atomicity.This property result in nano material occur the small size different from traditional body phase material, The variation of structure and energy state that the effects such as large surface and quantum tunneling are caused produces many unique light, electricity, magnetic, mechanics Etc. physicochemical characteristics.Such as noble metal nano particles have special physical property, they are widely used in catalysis, biology The fields such as label, photoelectronics, information storage and Surface enhanced Raman scattering.These properties make it in photoelectron, micro- electricity Son, nanometer electronic device preparation, high performance catalyst, biological field tool have a wide range of applications.Also latent just because of these Application value, people's quantifier elimination expense all has been put into the research and development of nano material, in order to find synthesis and receive Rice material new method and develop the nano material with excellent properties.
Since one-dimensional material compared with block materials there are unique physical and chemical properties to have obtained the extensive pass of common people Note, in past several years, ZnO, Sn02、In203、Ga203、V205、Ti02The monodimension nanometer material of equal transition metal oxides obtains Extensive research, and in numerous areas such as semiconductor preparation, catalysis material preparation, photoelectric conversion material, new energy materials In be widely used, the more and more important role of performer in our life.
Monocrystalline one-dimensional material has excellent performance, but monocrystalline material sometimes due to the peculiar property with one-dimensional material Material still has the defect of its own, so that present researcher be promoted further to study on the basis of synthesizing one-dimensional nano material It is doped, coat, is modified, so that the composite wood of different-shape can be prepared on the basis of preparing one-dimensional material Material, these composite materials had not only had the characteristic of one-dimensional material, but also had the advantages that dopant, to extend one-dimensional material Application prospect enhances the performance of one-dimensional nano-composite material.So synthesis has unique morphology, high-performance, efficient new Type one-dimensional nano-composite material becomes the research hotspot of researchers.
Lithium ion battery (also referred to as lithium ion secondary battery or lithium-ions battery) high, small in size, quality with voltage Gently, the advantages that energy density is big, good cycle, memory-less effect, it is considered to be 21 century most have application prospect the energy it One.Commercial Li-ion battery negative electrode material is generally graphite type material or using carbon as the material of matrix, such as graphite, carbon nanometer Pipe, carbon nanocoils, interphase microballoon etc..Although carbon material has preferable cyclicity in as kalium ion battery cathode material Can, but its theoretical capacity is 372mAh/g, limits and applies in high-energy density demand electrochmical power source.Such as electric car The motive-power battery that field requires must have high energy density, low cost and better security performance.Therefore, with electricity The development with rapid changepl. never-ending changes and improvements of sub-industry and automotive field, carbon material as the negative electrode material of lithium ion battery theoretical capacity not It is able to satisfy the demand of every field, the negative electrode of lithium ion battery of exploitation height ratio capacity, high charge-discharge rate and high circulation stability Material has become current research hotspot.
To solve the problems, such as that lithium ion battery exists, generallys use and the electrode material of lithium ion battery is doped or is wrapped It covers to realize.Especially for making lithium ion that there is mobility and good conductibility, carbon is generallyd use to lithium ion battery Electrode material is coated.Raw material is passed through same phase reaction, hydro-thermal according to certain molar ratio by Chinese patent CN 101212049A Method and sol-gal process synthesize doped Li3+yFe2-XMeX(P04)3, preparation gained powder is mixed with carbon then, is obtained Li3+yFe2-XMeX(P04)3/ C positive electrode material, specific discharge capacity is up to 122mAh/g under C/20 multiplying power for the material, in C/2 multiplying power Lower specific discharge capacity is up to 100mAh/g.But since the electron transmission speed and electric conductivity of carbon are limited, lead to lithium-ion electric Charge-discharge performance under Chi great multiplying power or not satisfactory.Therefore, develop composite nano material to meet existing lithium battery The demand for development of electrode material is the emphasis of technical research from now on.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide lithium ion battery composite nano materials, and in particular to a kind of SnO2/ carbon/V2O5/ stone Black alkene composite nano materials and preparation method thereof.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of preparation method of high performance lithium ion battery composite nano materials, preparation method include the following steps:
(1) SnO2The preparation of/carbon composite: firstly, weighing the SnCl of 8~12g4·5H2O is added to the anhydrous of 40~60ml The in the mixed solvent of second alcohol and water prepares solution A；Then carbon source is added into solution A, forms the solution for standby of stable homogeneous, institute The additional amount for stating carbon source is 15~80g, then will be formed by mixed liquor and be added in reaction kettle and one is added into reaction kettle Reaction kettle, is placed in homogeneous reactor is heat-treated later by the NaOH solution of quantitative 0.5mol/L, the heat treatment condition Are as follows: 180~200 DEG C of temperature, the time is 12~24 hours；Later by product washing, drying, and under inert atmosphere, 450~ 550 DEG C are roasted to 2~10 hours, obtain SnO2/ carbon material；
(2) V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite material: take 5~10g barium oxide be added to 30~40mL mass fraction be 3~ It in 6% hydrogen peroxide solution, stirs to barium oxide and all dissolves the peroxide vanadic acid solution for generating red, be added 4~6g's later Graphite oxide nanometer sheet is ultrasonically treated 1~2h at room temperature, mixture is then transferred to the reaction with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining In kettle, product is centrifuged, washs after reaction by 8~12h of hydro-thermal reaction at 110~120 DEG C, and 80~100 DEG C Lower drying roasts 3~5h at 400~500 DEG C finally to get V in nitrogen atmosphere2O5/ graphene composite material；
(3) SnO2/ carbon/V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite nano material: SnO prepared by step (1)2/ carbon composite and Step (2) V2O5/ graphene composite material is added in 20-30mL dehydrated alcohol, is ultrasonically treated 1~2h at room temperature, is added later Partial size is 0.5-lOmm zirconium ball, and zirconium ball and mixture weight ratio are 1:5, ball milling 12-24 hours, forms stable suspension, then Resulting stable suspension is filtered, filtrate is obtained, to filtrate washing, is subsequently placed in drying under vacuum bad border, i.e., Obtain the SnO2/ carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material.
Wherein, the nano material is in granular form, partial size be 30~100nm, aperture be 20~80nm, Kong Rongwei 0.6~ 1.3cm3/ g, specific surface area are 120~280m2/g。
Barium oxide is selected from V0, V0 in the step (2)2、V203、V205One of or it is a variety of.
Carbon source is the one or more of glucose, sucrose, phenolic resin and resorcinol in the step (1).
The dosage of NaOH is according to n in the step (1)SnCl4·5H20/nNaOH=4 ratio is added.
In the step (2) graphite oxide nanometer sheet the preparation method comprises the following steps: under 0 DEG C of ice bath, by 0.015~0.072g stone Ink powder is distributed in 20~25mL concentrated sulfuric acid, is added with stirring KMnO4, added KMnO4Quality be 3~4 times of graphite powder, stir It mixes 30~60 minutes, temperature rises to 30~35 DEG C, and 40~50ml deionized water is added, it stirs 20~30 minutes, addition 10~ The H of 15ml mass concentration 30%2O2, stir 5~20 minutes, by centrifuge separation, with the HCl solution of mass concentration 5%, go from Sub- water and acetone obtain graphite oxide nanometer sheet after washing repeatedly.
The volume ratio of dehydrated alcohol/water in the mixed solvent dehydrated alcohol and water is 2:1 in the step (1).
In addition, the preparation-obtained lithium ion battery SnO of the preparation method is also claimed in the present invention2/ carbon/V2O5/ stone Black alkene composite nano materials.
Technical effect of the invention are as follows: the present invention realizes SnO for the first time2/ carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material can Control synthesis, respectively obtains SnO using the synthetic method of hydro-thermal first2/ carbon material and V2O5/ graphene composite material, then passes through The method of ball milling obtains SnO2/ carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material, preparation method simple possible are multiple for polynary nanometer The controlledly synthesis for closing object provides a new approach, and the obtained material of the present invention is presented graininess, and partial size is 30~ 100nm, aperture are 20~80nm, 0.6~1.3cm of Kong Rongwei3/ g, specific surface area are 120~280m2/ g, to than in the prior art Unitary or binary or ternary composite nano materials are as lithium ion battery material, and quaternary composite nano materials of the present invention are as one It is whole, the electronic conductivity of electrode material is improved, especially reversible capacity and high rate performance are significantly improved for the first time, increase Strong charge-discharge performance of the electrode material under big multiplying power, increases the discharge capacity of electrode material, improves electrode material Thermal stability reduces the decaying of battery capacity, improves the anti-over-charging performance of battery, extends the circulation longevity of electrode material Life；Absolute volume variation is small in charge and discharge process, with high electrochemistry storage lithium capacity, good stable cycle performance and less Energy loss, application prospect is very wide.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the SEM of 3 composite nano materials of the embodiment of the present invention schemes.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further elaborated below with reference to embodiment:
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of high performance lithium ion battery composite nano materials, preparation method include the following steps:
(1) SnO2The preparation of/carbon composite: firstly, weighing the SnCl of 8g4·5H2O is added to the dehydrated alcohol and water of 40ml In the mixed solvent prepare solution A；Then carbon source glucose is added into solution A, forms the solution for standby of stable homogeneous, it is described The additional amount of carbon source is 15g, then will be formed by mixed liquor and be added in reaction kettle and be added into reaction kettle a certain amount of Reaction kettle, is placed in homogeneous reactor is heat-treated later by the NaOH solution of 0.5mol/L, the heat treatment condition are as follows: temperature 180 DEG C of degree, time are 12 hours；Later by product washing, drying, and under inert atmosphere, 450 DEG C are roasted to 4 hours, obtain SnO2/ carbon material；
(2) V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite material: 5g barium oxide V0 is taken2It is added to the hydrogen peroxide that 30mL mass fraction is 3% It in solution, stirs to barium oxide and all dissolves the peroxide vanadic acid solution for generating red, the graphite oxide nanometer of 4g is added later Piece is ultrasonically treated 1h at room temperature, then mixture is transferred in the reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, and 110 DEG C are lauched Product is centrifuged, washs after reaction by thermal response 8h, dries at 80 DEG C, finally the nitrogen atmosphere at 400 DEG C Middle roasting 3h is to get V2O5/ graphene composite material；
(3) SnO2/ carbon/V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite nano material: SnO prepared by step (1)2/ carbon composite and Step (2) V2O5/ graphene composite material is added in 20mL dehydrated alcohol, is ultrasonically treated 1h at room temperature, and partial size is added later and is 0.5mm zirconium ball, zirconium ball and mixture weight ratio are 1:5, ball milling 12 hours, stable suspension are formed, then by resulting stabilization Suspension filtering, obtains filtrate, to filtrate washing, is subsequently placed under vacuum bad border and dries to get the SnO2/ Carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material；
The dosage of NaOH is according to n in the step (1)SnCl4·5H20/nNaOH=4 ratio is added；Nothing in the step (1) The volume ratio of water-ethanol/water in the mixed solvent dehydrated alcohol and water is 2:1.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of high performance lithium ion battery composite nano materials, preparation method include the following steps:
(1) SnO2The preparation of/carbon composite: firstly, weighing the SnCl of 12g4·5H2O is added to the dehydrated alcohol and water of 60ml In the mixed solvent prepare solution A；Then carbon source sucrose is added into solution A, forms the solution for standby of stable homogeneous, the carbon The additional amount in source is 80g, then will be formed by mixed liquor and be added in reaction kettle and be added into reaction kettle a certain amount of Reaction kettle, is placed in homogeneous reactor is heat-treated later by the NaOH solution of 0.5mol/L, the heat treatment condition are as follows: temperature 200 DEG C of degree, time are 24 hours；Later by product washing, drying, and under inert atmosphere, 550 DEG C are roasted to 2~10 hours, Obtain SnO2/ carbon material；
(2) V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite material: 10g barium oxide V is taken203It is added to the dioxygen that 40mL mass fraction is 6% It in aqueous solution, stirs to barium oxide and all dissolves the peroxide vanadic acid solution for generating red, the graphite oxide that 6g is added later is received Rice piece, is ultrasonically treated 2h, then mixture is transferred in the reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, at room temperature at 120 DEG C Product is centrifuged, washs after reaction by hydro-thermal reaction 12h, dries at 100 DEG C, finally the nitrogen at 500 DEG C 5h is roasted in atmosphere to get V2O5/ graphene composite material；
(3) SnO2/ carbon/V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite nano material: SnO prepared by step (1)2/ carbon composite and Step (2) V2O5/ graphene composite material is added in 30mL dehydrated alcohol, is ultrasonically treated 2h at room temperature, and partial size is added later and is LOmm zirconium ball, zirconium ball and mixture weight ratio are 1:5, ball milling 24 hours, form stable suspension, then hang resulting stabilization Supernatant liquid filtering, obtains filtrate, to filtrate washing, is subsequently placed under vacuum bad border and dries to get the SnO2/ carbon/ V2O5/ graphene composite nano material；
The dosage of NaOH is according to n in the step (1)SnCl4·5H20/nNaOH=4 ratio is added；Nothing in the step (1) The volume ratio of water-ethanol/water in the mixed solvent dehydrated alcohol and water is 2:1.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of high performance lithium ion battery composite nano materials, preparation method include the following steps:
(1) SnO2The preparation of/carbon composite: firstly, weighing the SnCl of 10g4·5H2O is added to the dehydrated alcohol and water of 50ml In the mixed solvent prepare solution A；Then carbon source phenolic resin is added into solution A, forms the solution for standby of stable homogeneous, institute The additional amount for stating carbon source is 45g, then will be formed by mixed liquor and be added in reaction kettle and be added into reaction kettle a certain amount of Reaction kettle, is placed in homogeneous reactor is heat-treated later by the NaOH solution of 0.5mol/L, the heat treatment condition are as follows: temperature 190 DEG C of degree, time are 18 hours；Later by product washing, drying, and under inert atmosphere, 500 DEG C are roasted to 6 hours, obtain SnO2/ carbon material；
(2) V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite material: 7g barium oxide V is taken205It is added to the dioxygen that 35mL mass fraction is 4% It in aqueous solution, stirs to barium oxide and all dissolves the peroxide vanadic acid solution for generating red, the graphite oxide that 5g is added later is received Rice piece, is ultrasonically treated 1.5h at room temperature, then mixture is transferred in the reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, and 115 DEG C Product is centrifuged, washs after reaction by lower hydro-thermal reaction 10h, dries at 90 DEG C, finally the nitrogen at 450 DEG C 4h is roasted in atmosphere to get V2O5/ graphene composite material；
(3) SnO2/ carbon/V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite nano material: SnO prepared by step (1)2/ carbon composite and Step (2) V2O5/ graphene composite material is added in 25mL dehydrated alcohol, is ultrasonically treated 1.5h at room temperature, partial size is added later For 5mm zirconium ball, zirconium ball and mixture weight ratio are 1:5, ball milling 18 hours, stable suspension are formed, then by resulting stabilization Suspension filtering, obtains filtrate, to filtrate washing, is subsequently placed under vacuum bad border and dries to get the SnO2/ Carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material；
The dosage of NaOH is according to n in the step (1)SnCl4·5H20/nNaOH=4 ratio is added；Nothing in the step (1) The volume ratio of water-ethanol/water in the mixed solvent dehydrated alcohol and water is 2:1.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of high performance lithium ion battery composite nano materials, preparation method include the following steps:
(1) SnO2The preparation of/carbon composite: firstly, weighing the SnCl of 9g4·5H2O is added to the dehydrated alcohol and water of 43ml In the mixed solvent prepare solution A；Then carbon source resorcinol is added into solution A, forms the solution for standby of stable homogeneous, institute The additional amount for stating carbon source is 50g, then will be formed by mixed liquor and be added in reaction kettle and be added into reaction kettle a certain amount of Reaction kettle, is placed in homogeneous reactor is heat-treated later by the NaOH solution of 0.5mol/L, the heat treatment condition are as follows: temperature 190 DEG C of degree, time are 20 hours；Later by product washing, drying, and under inert atmosphere, 480 DEG C are roasted to 8 hours, obtain SnO2/ carbon material；
(2) V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite material: 7g barium oxide V0 is taken to be added to the hydrogen peroxide that 36mL mass fraction is 5% It in solution, stirs to barium oxide and all dissolves the peroxide vanadic acid solution for generating red, the graphite oxide nanometer of 5g is added later Piece is ultrasonically treated 1.2h at room temperature, then mixture is transferred in the reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, at 115 DEG C Product is centrifuged, washs after reaction by hydro-thermal reaction 10h, dries at 90 DEG C, finally the nitrogen gas at 420 DEG C 3.5h is roasted in atmosphere to get V2O5/ graphene composite material；
(3) SnO2/ carbon/V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite nano material: SnO prepared by step (1)2/ carbon composite and Step (2) V2O5/ graphene composite material is added in 26mL dehydrated alcohol, is ultrasonically treated 1.2h at room temperature, partial size is added later For 6mm zirconium ball, zirconium ball and mixture weight ratio are 1:5, ball milling 18 hours, stable suspension are formed, then by resulting stabilization Suspension filtering, obtains filtrate, to filtrate washing, is subsequently placed under vacuum bad border and dries to get the SnO2/ Carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material；
The dosage of NaOH is according to n in the step (1)SnCl4·5H20/nNaOH=4 ratio is added；Nothing in the step (1) The volume ratio of water-ethanol/water in the mixed solvent dehydrated alcohol and water is 2:1.
Embodiment 5
It carries out 3 gained silica of embodiment/vanadic anhydride/carbon composite nano-material as cell negative electrode material using survey Examination.
SnO prepared by embodiment 32/ carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material is used as lithium ion battery negative material, Electrode is prepared using rubbing method, by raw material SnO in mass ratio2/ carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material: acetylene black: CMC= The ratio of 70:20:15 mixes, and takes water as a solvent, negative electrode slurry is made, be coated on copper foil, be sliced after well-dried tabletting The negative electrode tab for being 13mm to diameter.Battery cathode sheet lithium piece.In the glove box of inert gas shielding, with l.2mol/L LiPF6/EC/DMC/DEC (1:1:1) is electrolyte, and Celgerd2300 is diaphragm, is assembled into 2320 type button cells.Tester Device: charge and discharge instrument (Land)；Bruker D8-X x ray diffractometer x.SnO is carried out on blue electric tester2/ carbon/V2O5/ graphene Composite nano materials battery charging/discharging performance testing, charge and discharge electric condition: in 0.02-3.0 voltage range, current density is When 100mA/g, SnO2/ carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material initial discharge capacity is respectively 1374 and 1225mAh/g, warp It can be stable in 930 and 788mAh/g respectively after 50 circle circulations.High rate performance test is carried out to material under different current densities, SnO2/ carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material shows extraordinary invertibity, stability and recovery.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, although Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still can be right Technical solution documented by foregoing embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.It is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in protection of the invention Within the scope of.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of composite nano materials, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the composite nano materials includes the following steps:
(1) SnO2The preparation of/carbon composite: firstly, weighing the SnCl of 10g4·5H2O is added to the dehydrated alcohol and water of 50ml In the mixed solvent prepare solution A；Then carbon source phenolic resin is added into solution A, forms the solution for standby of stable homogeneous, institute The additional amount for stating carbon source is 45g, then will be formed by mixed liquor and be added in reaction kettle and be added into reaction kettle a certain amount of Reaction kettle, is placed in homogeneous reactor is heat-treated later by the NaOH solution of 0.5mol/L, the heat treatment condition are as follows: temperature 190 DEG C of degree, time are 18 hours；Later by product washing, drying, and under inert atmosphere, 500 DEG C are roasted to 6 hours, obtain SnO2/ carbon material；
(2) V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite material: 7g barium oxide V is taken205It is added to the hydrogen peroxide that 35mL mass fraction is 4% It in solution, stirs to barium oxide and all dissolves the peroxide vanadic acid solution for generating red, the graphite oxide nanometer of 5g is added later Piece is ultrasonically treated 1.5h at room temperature, then mixture is transferred in the reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethyllining lining, at 115 DEG C Product is centrifuged, washs after reaction by hydro-thermal reaction 10h, dries at 90 DEG C, finally the nitrogen gas at 450 DEG C 4h is roasted in atmosphere to get V2O5/ graphene composite material；
(3) SnO2/ carbon/V2O5The preparation of/graphene composite nano material: SnO prepared by step (1)2/ carbon composite and Step (2) V2O5/ graphene composite material is added in 25mL dehydrated alcohol, is ultrasonically treated 1.5h at room temperature, partial size is added later For 5mm zirconium ball, zirconium ball and mixture weight ratio are 1:5, ball milling 18 hours, stable suspension are formed, then by resulting stabilization Suspension filtering, obtains filtrate, to filtrate washing, is subsequently placed under vacuum bad border and dries to get the SnO2/ Carbon/V2O5/ graphene composite nano material.
2. the preparation method of composite nano materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Nano material is in granular form, and partial size is 30~100nm, and aperture is 20~80nm, 0.6~1.3cm of Kong Rongwei3/ g, specific surface Product is 120~280m2/g。
3. the preparation method of composite nano materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that NaOH in the step (1) Dosage is according to nSnCl4·5H20/nNaOH=4 ratio is added.
4. the preparation method of composite nano materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that aoxidize stone in the step (2) Black nanometer sheet the preparation method comprises the following steps: under 0 DEG C of ice bath, 0.015~0.072g graphite powder is distributed in 20~25mL concentrated sulfuric acid, It is added with stirring KMnO4, added KMnO4Quality be 3~4 times of graphite powder, stir 30~60 minutes, temperature rises to 30~ 35 DEG C, 40~50ml deionized water is added, stirs 20~30 minutes, the H of 10~15ml mass concentration 30% is added2O2, stirring 5 It~20 minutes, by centrifuge separation, is aoxidized after being washed repeatedly with the HCl solution of mass concentration 5%, deionized water and acetone Graphite nano plate.
5. the preparation method of composite nano materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that anhydrous second in the step (1) The volume ratio of alcohol/water in the mixed solvent dehydrated alcohol and water is 2:1.
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