CN110228996A - One kind being based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write - Google Patents
One kind being based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write Download PDFInfo
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- CN110228996A CN110228996A CN201910563538.6A CN201910563538A CN110228996A CN 110228996 A CN110228996 A CN 110228996A CN 201910563538 A CN201910563538 A CN 201910563538A CN 110228996 A CN110228996 A CN 110228996A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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- C04B2235/9615—Linear firing shrinkage
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Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to be based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write, prepares high solid loading ceramic slurry and organic ink first；Then the ceramic colloidal slurry and organic ink that prepare are injected in two barrels of double spray head direct write molding equipments, the printing of ceramic core and support is successively carried out according to model data, and after every layer of printing, cold air is sprayed using the spray head that direct write equipment is equipped with, the fast freezing for realizing print structure, is finally completed the processing of ceramic core biscuit and support；Biscuit of ceramics is freeze-dried, the moisture in green body is removed；Dried green body is put into roaster and carries out degreasing and sintering processes, it is final to obtain ceramic core component.The ceramic core obtained using preparation method of the invention, has suitable mechanical property, and high dimensional accuracy can meet the preparation demand of high-temperature alloy hollow blade.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Investment casting technology fields, are related to a kind of based on the molding ceramic core preparation side of slurry direct write
Method.
Background technique
Hollow turbine vane is the core hot-end component of aero-engine and gas turbine, and its structure is complicated, and technique is realized
Difficulty is big, and level of processing requires height, has decisive influence to overall performance, manufacturing technology is to restrict aero-engine and combustion
One of the key technology bottleneck of gas-turbine research and development.For meet turbo blade continuous improvement cooling requirement, in turbo blade
Portion's design has a complicated cooling duct, and many cooling hole of various shapes of blade surface, cooling structure is increasingly sophisticated, these are all needed
Just to be able to achieve by means of ceramic core, thus ceramic core become aero-engine hollow blade cast necessary consumptive material it
One.Ceramic core conventional molding process is injection moulding and injection molding at present, i.e., mixes ceramic powders with plasticizer, in high temperature
Ceramic core mold is injected by pressure down, make it full of mould cavity and carries out pressure maintaining, obtains complexity after cooling and degreasing
The ceramic core of shape.Since the design design process-cycle of mold is longer, injection moulding and injection molding process system are used
There are manufacturing cost height when making ceramic core, the problem that the period is grown.
3D printing technique has been put into the emerging production of national strategy as a kind of manufacturing technology with industrial revolution meaning
Industry development plan, the technology construct object by way of increasing material manufacturing, are especially suitable for the processing of labyrinth object, currently
The progress of having made a breakthrough property in terms of resin, metal forming commercialization, but ceramic 3D printing technique is most of at present not yet
Realize commercialization.Ceramic slurry direct write forming technique is a kind of novel complex structure ceramics novel molding method, can be not required to add branch
The three-dimensional ceramics such as porous yard skeleton is prepared in the case of support, and (because of ceramic slurry pseudoplastic behavior, slurry in nozzle after squeezing out, fastly
Speed solidification, therefore can realize and process suspended span structure without support).Its current existing main problem is to be formed with unsupported
Since ceramic slurry rheological behavior leads to collapsing phenomenon when the part of long suspended span structure, and its slurry squeezes out lines from spray head
Size is influenced by many factors such as platform movement velocity, extrusion pressures, cause forming part dimensional accuracy and surface accuracy compared with
It is low.A kind of ceramic-mould preparation side for the forming of parts with complex structures directional solidification of the published patent-of Xi'an Communications University
Method (application number: 201711376350.8), proposes to utilize ceramic-mould, a nozzle printing using double spray head FDM printing devices
Ceramic-mould part, a nozzle printing paraffin support, but the two is required to heat in print procedure, in isochronous printing mistake
Cheng Zhong will lead to the problems such as ceramic body is locally dehydrated, deforms, influence the forming accuracy and quality of casting mold.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above prior art, it is molding based on slurry direct write that the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind
Ceramic core preparation method, this method process flow is simple, high production efficiency, the ceramics obtained using preparation method of the invention
Type core, has suitable mechanical property, and high dimensional accuracy can meet the preparation demand of high-temperature alloy hollow blade.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme:
The invention discloses one kind to be based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write, comprising the following steps:
1) high solid loading Al-base ceramic slurry is prepared；
2) organic ink is prepared；
3) using double spray head ceramic slurry direct write equipment, Al-base ceramic slurry made from step 1) is added in spray head 1 and is used
In printing ceramic core physical layer, the organic ink of step 2) preparation is added in spray head 2 for printing supporting layer；It simultaneously will be to
The ceramic core model data of preparation imports double spray head ceramic slurry direct write equipment, and two spray heads is made simultaneously or successively to complete ceramics
The printing of the current layer of type core physical layer and supporting layer；
4) after current layer prints, cold air is sprayed to current layer, realizes that the current layer printed is rapidly frozen；
5) step 3) is repeated with 4), is printed until completing ceramic core biscuit to be prepared；
6) biscuit of ceramics is subjected to freeze-drying and removes moisture removal, the ceramic body after drying is subjected to degreasing and sintering processes
After being then sintered and cooled again, ceramic core is made in removal support.
Preferably, in step 1), the Al-base ceramic slurry of high solid loading is according to classification gradation method, by different-grain diameter
The mixed powder of alumina powder is scattered in deionized water according to grading method, and the aluminium that volume fraction is 55%~70% is made
Base ceramic slurry.
Preferably, the partial size of alumina powder is 0.1~100 μm.
Preferably, in step 2), the solid content of organic ink is 30%~70%.
Preferably, in step 3), control spray head 1 to shaping position squeezes out quantitative ceramic slurry every time and makes ejection
Diameter≤0.25mm of slurry droplet, and keep the overlapping of adjacent slurry drop even into a line, complete this layer of ceramic core biscuit at
Type；It controls spray head 2 and completes the support molding of this layer, that is, complete the molding printing of this layer of ceramic core structure.
Preferably, injection temperation is -80 DEG C~-10 DEG C cold airs below, and injection flow and temperature are adjustable.
Preferably, in step 6), freeze-drying, which refers to, is put into biscuit of ceramics in freeze drying equipment, be quickly cooled to-
45 DEG C hereinafter, 3~4h of pre-freeze, make wherein moisture form ice crystal rapidly, then vacuumize and to ceramic body heat supply, from-
45 DEG C are risen, and are to slowly warm up to -2 DEG C~-5 DEG C with the rate of 5 DEG C/h, the ice in ceramic body is made directly to distil.
Preferably, in step 6), the ceramic body after drying is put into roaster, by room temperature to 400-600 DEG C
Isothermal holding progress degreasing in 1-3 hours and sintering processes, be then to slowly warm up to again 1300-1600 DEG C of heat preservation 1-3 hours into
Row sintering processes, and furnace cooling, obtain ceramic core.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
Method disclosed by the invention is by the Al-base ceramic slurry (colloidal state slurry) of the high solid loading prepared and organic slurry
Material injects in two barrels of double spray head direct write molding equipments, and beating for ceramic core and support is successively carried out according to model data
Print, and after every layer of printing, cold air is sprayed using the spray head that direct write equipment is equipped with, realizes the fast quickly cooling of print structure
Freeze, is finally completed the processing of ceramic core biscuit and support；Biscuit of ceramics is freeze-dried, the moisture in green body is removed；
Dried green body is put into roaster and carries out degreasing and sintering processes, it is final to obtain ceramic core component.Due to hollow vortex
The development of the novel cooling technology of impeller blade, internal structure from single channel to binary channels develop, cooling cavities from fairing structure to
Turbulence structure development, air film hole are changed from borehole structure to variable section structure, and ceramic core structure is also increasingly sophisticated, and tradition pottery
Porcelain core moulding process requirement manufactures and designs metal die, then using injection moulding or the method coring of injection molding, leads
Cause core production's period long, at high cost, design alteration difficulty is big (needing to modify to mold or redesign processing).This hair
It is bright to be based on ceramic slurry direct-write process, without expensive mold, firstly, being able to achieve the fast short-term training of various labyrinth ceramic cores
Shape requirement solves long conventional method existing production cycle when manufacturing labyrinth ceramic core, manufacturing expense height and nothing
The problem of method quick response；Secondly, carrying out pre-freeze simultaneously by slurry direct write moulding process, keep ceramic core fixed in forming process
Type avoids the deformation as caused by moisture natural evaporation, improves dimensional accuracy, stability and the mechanical property of forming solid part
Energy；The characteristic of ceramic slurry makes it through can maintain certain span without any support after syringe needle squeezes out, but super
This span is crossed, due to factors such as gravity, type core entity part can be deformed；Therefore the present invention is shaped simultaneously using double spray heads
Ceramic core entity and support construction avoid long span structure from collapsing.Third, process flow is simple, high production efficiency, and type core
Internal microstructure can be designed as needed, under the premise of meeting casting requirement, improve porosity；Finally, for convenient for going
Except support, support construction of the invention using water base organic ink shape, it is subsequent freezing and it is degreasing sintered during, be conducive to
It is removed, and keeps ceramic core forming accuracy.
The ceramic core obtained using preparation method of the invention, has enough mechanical properties, higher dimensional accuracy,
Meet the preparation demand of high-temperature alloy hollow blade.
Further, the Al-base ceramic slurry of high solid loading is to pre-process aluminium oxide ceramics powder using classification gradation method,
Alumina ceramic powder is added in batches in deionized water and dispersing agent carries out ball milling, solid concentration (volume fraction), which is made, is
55%~70% Al-base ceramic slurry.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is sintering process, that is, sintering time-temperature variation of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention to this
The technical solution of invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only the implementation of present invention a part
Example, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creativeness
Every other embodiment obtained, should fall within the scope of the present invention under the premise of labour.
In addition, term " includes " and " having " and their any deformation, it is intended that covering non-exclusive includes example
Such as, the process, method, system, product or equipment for containing a series of steps or units those of are not necessarily limited to be clearly listed
Step or unit, but may include being not clearly listed or intrinsic for these process, methods, product or equipment other
Step or unit.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention carries out ceramic core preparation, this method packet using improved ceramic slurry direct write forming technique
Include the following contents:
Step 1 disperses different-grain diameter (0.1-100 μm) aluminium oxide mixed powder in deionized water according to grading method,
The water base alumina-based ceramic colloidal state slurry of solid concentration (volume fraction 55%-70%) is made；
Step 2 prepares the organic ink of the materials such as paraffin matter (solid content 30%-70%)；
Step 3 uses the slurry direct write equipment with double spray heads (using Screw Extrusion system), the ceramic slurry that will be prepared
Material and organic ink are separately added into the spray head (being referred to as spray head 1 and spray head 2) of the equipment, require according to model data, system
Spray head 1 is controlled to shaping position, squeezes out quantitative ceramic slurry every time under system control, it is ensured that the diameter of slurry drop is less than etc.
In 0.25mm, and make adjacent drops overlapping can be even into a line, completes the molding of this layer of ceramic core biscuit；Control spray head 2
Complete the molding (or filling of clearance position) of this layer of support；
Step 4 slurry direct write equipment forming workbench surrounding is surrounded with thermal insulation material, and cold air spout (external speed is arranged
Freeze equipment), -10 DEG C of cold air below can be sprayed, flow and temperature can be adjusted according to refrigerating effect, keep ceramic core plain
After the completion of one layer of base, this layer of ceramic core is freezed rapidly；
Step 5 repeats step 3-4, is finally completed the preparation of entire ceramic core；
Ceramic core biscuit (containing support) is put into freeze drying equipment and is dried after step 6 will form, and removes ceramic mould
Moisture in core biscuit；
Biscuit of ceramics after drying is put into roaster and carries out degreasing and pre-sintering by step 7, removes in organic ink
Paraffin matter, is sintered again, finally obtains ceramic core.
Specific step 7, sintering process, that is, sintering time-temperature variation is as shown in Fig. 2, the ceramic body after drying is put
Enter in roaster, by room temperature to the progress degreasing in 1-3 hours of 400-600 DEG C of isothermal holding and sintering processes, then delays again
Slowly it is warming up to 1300-1600 DEG C of heat preservation to be sintered for 1-3 hours, and furnace cooling, obtains ceramic core.
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
Step 1: preparing ceramic slurry.Deionized water is added portionwise in the alumina powder that partial size is 2 μm, 5 μm and 45 μm
In, while dispersing agent, which is added, is uniformly mixed it, ball milling 3-4h vacuumizes the bubble in removal ceramic slurry, solid phase is made and contains
The ceramic colloidal slurry of amount 65%；
Step 2: preparing organic ink.The vaseline of low molecular weight, which is heated to 75 DEG C, first makes its fusing, later gradually
Microwax is added, its solid content is made to progressively reach 35%, was uniformly mixed the two using magnetic agitation 20 minutes；
Step 3: the production of ceramic core biscuit.The slice of data of ceramic core is imported into double spray head slurry direct write equipment, it will
No. 1 spray head (jet diameters 0.2mm) is added in the ceramic slurry that preparation is completed, and No. 2 spray heads are added in organic ink, according to slice of data
The support that organic ink is constituted and the ceramic core current layer that ceramic colloidal slurry is constituted are shaped, is shaped using slurry direct write equipment
Spray head around platform sprays cold air, freezes the layer rapidly；It repeats the above process, until completing adding for entire ceramic core
Work；
Step 4: dry, degreasing sintered.Ceramic part biscuit after the completion is put into freeze drying equipment to be dried, is gone
Except the moisture in ceramic core biscuit, and control the deformation of ceramic core；Ceramic core after drying is put into roaster
It is gradually warming up to 450 DEG C of heat preservations to carry out within 2 hours degreasing sintered and be pre-sintered, removes the paraffin matter in organic ink, and rise again
Temperature finally obtains ceramic core to 1500 DEG C of heat preservations carry out ceramic core sintering in 2 hours.
Embodiment 2
Step 1: preparing ceramic slurry.Deionization is added portionwise in the alumina powder that partial size is 1.5 μm, 8 μm and 60 μm
In water, while dispersing agent, which is added, is uniformly mixed it, and ball milling 3-4h vacuumizes the bubble removed in ceramic slurry, solid phase is made
The ceramic colloidal slurry of content 70%；
Step 2: preparing organic ink.The vaseline of low molecular weight, which is heated to 75 DEG C, first makes its fusing, later gradually
Microwax is added, its solid content is made to progressively reach 45%, was uniformly mixed the two using magnetic agitation 20 minutes；
Step 3: the production of ceramic core biscuit.The slice of data of ceramic core is imported into double spray head slurry direct write equipment, it will
Ceramic slurry be added No. 1 spray head, organic ink be added No. 2 spray heads, according to slice of data forming organic ink constitute support and
The ceramic core current layer that ceramic colloidal slurry is constituted sprays cold sky using the spray head around slurry direct write equipment forming platform
Gas freezes the layer rapidly；It repeats the above process, until completing the processing of entire ceramic core；
Step 4: dry, degreasing sintered.Ceramic part biscuit after the completion is put into freeze drying equipment to be dried, is gone
Except the moisture in ceramic core biscuit, and control the deformation of ceramic core；Ceramic core after drying is put into roaster
It is gradually warming up to 500 DEG C of heat preservations to carry out within 2 hours degreasing sintered and be pre-sintered, removes the paraffin matter in organic ink, and rise again
Temperature keeps the temperature 2.5 hours to 1550 DEG C and is sintered, and finally obtains ceramic core.
Embodiment 3
Step 1: preparing ceramic slurry.Deionized water is added portionwise in the alumina powder that partial size is 1 μm, 5 μm and 50 μm
In, while dispersing agent, which is added, is uniformly mixed it, ball milling 3-4h vacuumizes the bubble removed in ceramic slurry to it, is made solid
The ceramic colloidal slurry of phase content 66%；
Step 2: preparing organic ink.The vaseline of low molecular weight, which is heated to 75 DEG C, first makes its fusing, later gradually
Microwax is added, its solid content is made to progressively reach 42%, was uniformly mixed the two using magnetic agitation 20 minutes；
Step 3: the production of ceramic core biscuit.The slice of data of ceramic core is imported into double spray head slurry direct write equipment, it will
Ceramic slurry be added No. 1 spray head, organic ink be added No. 2 spray heads, according to slice of data forming organic ink constitute support and
The ceramic core current layer that ceramic colloidal slurry is constituted sprays cold sky using the spray head around slurry direct write equipment forming platform
Gas freezes the layer rapidly；It repeats the above process, until completing the processing of entire ceramic core；
Step 4: dry, degreasing sintered.Ceramic part biscuit after the completion is put into freeze drying equipment to be dried, is gone
Except the moisture in ceramic core biscuit, and control the deformation of ceramic core；By the ceramic core after drying be put into roaster by
Step is warming up to 550 DEG C of heat preservations and carries out within 1.5 hours degreasing sintered and be pre-sintered, and removes the paraffin matter in organic ink, and by furnace temperature
It gradually rises to 1450 DEG C of heat preservations to be sintered for 2 hours, finally obtains ceramic core.
Below to ceramic core sample made from above-described embodiment carry out correlated performance test, using having a size of 60mm ×
10mm × 4mm sample, used on material anti-reflecting bending strength test machine INSTRON 1195 three-point bend test method (span for
30mm) measure the bending strength of green body after biscuit bending strength at room temperature and high temperature sintering；And to sintered sample using Ah
Base Mead drainage measures porosity；Record Comparison sintering front and back specimen size obtains the percent of firing shrinkage of sample.As a result as follows
Shown in table 1:
1 ceramic core test data of table
From table 1 it follows that ceramic core sample produced by the present invention green state after biscuit and high temperature sintering,
Excellent strength character is shown, can satisfy the technique requirement of aero engine turbine blades model casting；It can from porosity
To find out, when turbo blade casts completion removal type core, enough porositys (20-40%) are convenient for depoling；It is shunk from firing
Rate can be seen that percent of firing shrinkage lower than 1.5%, and lower percent of firing shrinkage shows forming accuracy height, convenient for control casting
Dimensional accuracy.
The above content is merely illustrative of the invention's technical idea, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all to press
According to technical idea proposed by the present invention, any changes made on the basis of the technical scheme each falls within claims of the present invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write, which comprises the following steps:
1) high solid loading Al-base ceramic slurry is prepared；
2) organic ink is prepared；
3) using double spray head ceramic slurry direct write equipment, Al-base ceramic slurry made from step 1) is added in spray head 1 for beating
Ceramic core physical layer is printed, the organic ink of step 2) preparation is added in spray head 2 for printing supporting layer；It simultaneously will be to be prepared
Ceramic core model data import double spray head ceramic slurry direct write equipment, make two spray heads simultaneously or successively complete ceramic core
The printing of the current layer of physical layer and supporting layer；
4) after current layer prints, cold air is sprayed to current layer, realizes that the current layer printed is rapidly frozen；
5) step 3) is repeated with 4), is printed until completing ceramic core biscuit to be prepared；
6) biscuit of ceramics is subjected to freeze-drying and removes moisture removal, the ceramic body after drying is subjected to degreasing and sintering processes remove
After being then sintered and cooled again, ceramic core is made in support.
2. according to claim 1 be based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write, which is characterized in that step 1)
In, the Al-base ceramic slurry of high solid loading is according to classification gradation method, by the mixed powder of the alumina powder of different-grain diameter
It is scattered in deionized water according to grading method, the Al-base ceramic slurry that volume fraction is 55%~70% is made.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 be based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write, which is characterized in that oxygen
The partial size for changing aluminium powder body is 0.1~100 μm.
4. according to claim 1 be based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write, which is characterized in that step 2)
In, the solid content of organic ink is 30%~70%.
5. according to claim 1 be based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write, which is characterized in that step 3)
In, control spray head 1 to shaping position, squeeze out quantitative ceramic slurry every time and make the diameter of the slurry droplet sprayed≤
0.25mm, and keep adjacent slurry drop overlapping even into a line, complete this layer of ceramic core forming of green body；Spray head 2 is controlled to complete
The support molding of this layer, that is, complete the molding printing of this layer of ceramic core structure.
6. according to claim 1 be based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write, which is characterized in that injection temperature
Degree is -80 DEG C~-10 DEG C cold airs below, and injection flow and temperature are adjustable.
7. according to claim 1 be based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write, which is characterized in that step 6)
In, freeze-drying, which refers to, is put into biscuit of ceramics in freeze drying equipment, is quickly cooled to -45 DEG C hereinafter, 3~4h of pre-freeze, makes
Wherein moisture forms rapidly ice crystal, then vacuumizes and to ceramic body heat supply, slow with the rate of 5 DEG C/h from -45 DEG C
Slowly -2 DEG C~-5 DEG C are warming up to, the ice in ceramic body is made directly to distil.
8. according to claim 1 be based on the molding ceramic core preparation method of slurry direct write, which is characterized in that step 6)
In, the ceramic body after drying is put into roaster, is taken off within isothermal holding 1-3 hours by room temperature to 400-600 DEG C
Then rouge and sintering processes are to slowly warm up to 1300-1600 DEG C of heat preservation again and are sintered for 1-3 hours, and furnace cooling,
Obtain ceramic core.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910563538.6A CN110228996B (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2019-06-26 | Ceramic core preparation method based on slurry direct-writing forming |
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| CN116003138B (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-12-08 | 福建星海通信科技有限公司 | Preparation method of ceramic micro-channel heat exchanger based on embedded direct-writing 3D printing |
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