CN110226470A - A kind of water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting - Google Patents
A kind of water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN110226470A CN110226470A CN201910598748.9A CN201910598748A CN110226470A CN 110226470 A CN110226470 A CN 110226470A CN 201910598748 A CN201910598748 A CN 201910598748A CN 110226470 A CN110226470 A CN 110226470A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000826860 Trapezium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
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- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering systems of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting, it is made of rice and kernel dish ecological planting system, farmland water purification return water system；Rice and kernel dish ecological planting system includes one group of field crop kind planting-line block being arranged successively, the interval multi-functional-area being arranged between the vegetable cultivation region and adjacent two pieces of field crops kind planting-line block of the setting of field crop kind planting-line block；Farmland water purification return water system includes Ji Shuijinghuajing, ecological canal, purified water water return pipeline and buffer pool；Collect the Water warfare well location side minimum in rice and kernel dish ecological planting system topography, and is connected with ecological canal；Buffer pool is located at the highest side of rice and kernel dish ecological planting system topography；Purified water water return pipeline one end water inlet is connected to ecological canal, and other end water outlet is located above buffer pool.The present invention can be reduced the fertilizer amount of field crop, self to purify nutrient more than needed, reduces pollution of area source, makes full use of water source and rainwater, saves water resource.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to farm field irrigation drainage, controlling area-source pollution, grain-production fields, and in particular to a kind of rice and kernel dish eco-species
Plant water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system.
Background technique
Rice and wheat are the main two generalized grain crops in China.It is generally existing extensive with water in rice and kernel planting process,
Phenomena such as waste is serious, and chemical fertilizer application is excessive, and utilization rate of fertilizer is lower.Not only cause that increased production cost, a large amount of nutrient
Pollution of area source is also formed with rainwater.Solve the problems, such as that the fundamental solution is to greatly develop scale agricultural water fertilizer high benefit installation,
Improve a wide range of agricultural water fertilizer utilization rate and unit water, the agricultural product output capacity of fertilizer.Also to reinforce to upgrading low- and medium-yield farmland
With water and soil conservation, water and soil resources environmental protection and improvement etc..It points out to carry forward vigorously within 2019 " national action of economizing on water scheme " water-saving
It irrigates, promote water-fertilizer integral, clayed aluminium alloy, optimize and revise Crop Planting Structure etc..Before the year two thousand twenty, develop high-efficiency water-saving every year
20,000,000 mu of irrigated area, 20,000,000 mu of water-fertilizer integral area.Rice and kernel high benefit installation is with water-saving irrigation technique combination gas
As, soil, fertilizer and agricultural measures, implement the efficient water and fertilizer management in field, to increase substantially liquid manure production efficiency.Different rulers
The practicabilities achievements such as degree moisture, fertilizer utilization efficiency and rice field water and fertilizer management critical indicator are brought efficiently to China rice and kernel producing region
Production, but also there is very big gap with developed country in liquid manure utilization efficiency.Rice water-saving irrigation both at home and abroad has dry and wet at present
Alternate irrigation, " shallow, wet, shine ", control, which fill general, covering drought kind, stores rainfall pattern irrigates etc., improves the Operational of Nitrogen Among side of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
Method has N-dressed deeply, split application, balance fertilizing, organic-inorganic that fertilising, Real-time nitrogen management and site-specific nitrogen management, soil measurement formula is combined to apply
Fertilizer.Carry out a small amount of grain for these water-saving irrigation and Fertilizer application technology China to make water and fertilizer management technology and grind to make internal disorder or usurp, but studies knot
Fruit has larger difference, also hardly results in and is widely applied in actual production process, especially in the more serious area of pollution of area source
It not can be reduced pollution of area source source, do not have controlling area-source pollution effect.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of rice and kernel dish for the problem in the production of above-mentioned rice and kernel
Implant system reduces the fertilising of rice and wheat, self to purify nutrient more than needed, reduces pollution of area source；Make full use of water source and rain
Water saves water resource.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting, it is by rice and kernel dish ecological planting system, farmland net
Water return water system composition；
The rice and kernel dish ecological planting system includes one group of field crop kind planting-line block being arranged successively, and surrounds field crop
The interval being arranged between the vegetable cultivation region and adjacent two pieces of field crops kind planting-line block of kind planting-line block setting is multi-functional
Area；
The farmland water purification return water system includes Ji Shuijinghuajing, ecological canal, purified water water return pipeline and buffer pool；Institute
It states and collects the Water warfare well location side minimum in rice and kernel dish ecological planting system topography, and be connected with ecological canal；The buffering
Pond is located at the highest side of rice and kernel dish ecological planting system topography；Purified water water return pipeline one end water inlet is connected to ecological ditch
Canal, other end water outlet are located above buffer pool.
Specifically, the Water warfare well location that collects is the cylinder of upper and lower opening in the vegetable cultivation region highest side of topography
Shape, diameter of section are preferably sized to the 1/4-1/6 of entire vegetable cultivation sector width, and it is deep that bottom is embedded to vegetable cultivation region soil layer
30~50cm of soil layer is exposed at 1.5~3m, top；Ji Shuijinghuajing includes the wall and intake pipe of annular；It is spread in wall from bottom
It is no more than the bed course of well depth half equipped with thickness, is equipped with biofiltration net above bed course；Intake pipe one end embedment pad
In layer, the other end protrudes into ecological canal from well head.The wall of Ji Shuijinghuajing is the cement wall of C20, and thickness is about 15cm.It takes
Water pipe is PVC material, and caliber is no more than 50cm.Biofiltration net is two layers of wire netting or the PVC net for having some strength, sieve pore ruler
Very little 8-20 mesh, it is replaceable.Bed course is accumulated by cobblestone, and stack thickness is no more than the half of collection Water warfare well depth,
Not less than 30cm；It is stacked according to the cobblestone for the two-stage gradation that partial size is 5~8cm and 16~32cm with volume ratio 3:1~5:1,
To form hole between cobblestone, increase the dissolved oxygen in bed course water, cultivates microorganism.It is extra in rice and kernel dish ecological planting system
Underground moisture, flow to the low side of topography from the side of high-land, and enter bed course from collection Water warfare bottom and purified,
Then it is pumped in ecological canal by intake pipe as new irrigation water.
Specifically, the field crop kind planting-line block is the important actor that four sides is trapezoidal inclined surface, is higher by vegetable cultivation region
15~40cm of soil layer, top table top are used for rice and wheat toothing crop rotation, and trapezoidal inclination plane inclination is not more than 45 °.
Further, the irrigation canals and ditches that the interval multi-functional-area is formed between adjacent two pieces of field crops kind planting-line block,
Lower than vegetable cultivation region 15~30cm of soil layer, biomembrane is cultivated in the area Rice Cropping Shi Gai, and rape is planted in the area wheat planting Shi Gai
Or beans dish.
Vegetable cultivation region is arranged around field crop kind planting-line block, and when Rice Cropping can plant lotus rhizome or taro, Wheat Species
Kind rape or beans when plant.
Specifically, the buffer pool is located at the vegetable cultivation region highest side of topography, including water receiving stand and for around connecing
The pond body wall that water platform is laid with；The water receiving stand is the important actor that a section is right-angled trapezium, and top table top is returned positioned at purified water
Below waterpipe water outlet, water receiving stand inclined-plane is towards field crop kind planting-line block；The pond body wall is located at water receiving stand inclined-plane bottom
Portion is equipped with a gate.Pond body wall is the cement wall of C20 intensity, and thickness about 10cm, length and width are in 40cm~60cm range；Water receiving
Platform is by plain cement masonry；Gate is to be promoted or declined up and down by wall card slot with portable plank or steel plate.
Preferably, table top is lower than 10~15cm of pond body wall at the top of the water receiving stand, and water receiving stand surface slope is 15-45 °；
The pond body wall is embedded to vegetable cultivation region 15~20cm of soil layer, and top is higher by vegetable cultivation region 30~50cm of soil layer.
Specifically, the ecological canal is located at the side of Ji Shuijinghuajing, and ecological canal includes the ecological slope protection of two sides, paving
It is located at the microbial film at canal bottom, and is planted in the aquatic purifying plant at canal bottom.
The present invention is received by system engineering and the theory of ecology, by the moisture content of rice and kernel production process and rainfall by field
Collection, the effects of by the absorbed nitrogen phosphorus of plant and microorganism, water quality is controlled.Water return pipeline is recycled to be back to use farmland or row
Enter upper level and fills row's canal net.Water-saving irrigation is carried out using different growing soil moisture situation, with the multiple-factors interaction such as N P and K
Liquid manure multiple-factor analysis on coupling is carried out, to reduce the amount of application and stream of nitrogen phosphorus under the premise of not influencing growth and yield
It loses, to have the function that water-saving weight-reducing.Utilize rice during rice wheat rotation+vegetable cultivation mode, wheat+vegetable cultivation mould
Formula is reduced the dose of rice or wheat by the relatively high dose of vegetables, and reduces duty and frequency of irrigation,
Improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.The moisture content of rice and kernel production process and rainfall are collected by field, by the suction of plant and microorganism
The effects of receiving nitrogen phosphorus, water quality is controlled.Make full use of water and soil resources to reach, increase economic efficiency, ecological effect the purpose of.
The utility model has the advantages that
Rice and kernel dish ecologic planting mode of the present invention makees crop rotation wheat dish intercropping mode between rice dish, makees Shi great Tian between semilate rice dish
Aquatic vegetable is planted in Crop Species planting-line block rice cultivation, vegetable cultivation region, and certain microbial film is cultivated in biomembrane cultivation region.
The production of wheat dish intercropping mode is carried out after rice, vegetables harvest, field crop kind planting-line block plants wheat, vegetable cultivation region and life
Object Membrance cuiture area is planted can soybean or rape.All toothing stalks carry out straw-returning in situ.The present invention utilizes vegetable seed
Required high dose is planted to reduce the fertilising of rice and wheat.It is unused feeding that part can be absorbed in biomembrane when Rice Cropping
Point, remaining, which does not absorb nutrient and enters Ji Shuijinghuajing, carries out primary evolution, enters ecological canal after certain depth of water height, and original
Water source or rainwater further purify.Farmland water shortage period can be back to use farmland by purified water reuse pipeline, and being not required to reuse can
It is put into original farm field irrigation drainage network of rivers, pollution of area source will not be caused to it.The present invention can be reduced the fertilizer amount of field crop, self
Nutrient more than needed is purified, pollution of area source is reduced.In addition water source and rainwater are made full use of, water resource is saved, can be very good to improve single
The crop field output value of plane product.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is done with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description and is further illustrated, of the invention is above-mentioned
And/or otherwise advantage will become apparent.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is collection Water warfare well construction schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the three-view diagram for buffering pool structure.
Wherein, each appended drawing reference respectively represents: 1, field crop kind planting-line block；2, vegetable cultivation region；3, more function are spaced
It can area；4, Ji Shuijinghuajing；41, wall；42, intake pipe；43, bed course；44, biofiltration net；5, ecological canal；51, ecological
Slope protection；52, microbial film；53, aquatic purifying plant；6, purified water water return pipeline；7, buffer pool；71, water receiving stand；72, pond body
Wall；73, water receiving stand inclined-plane；74, gate.
Specific embodiment
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.
Structure depicted in Figure of description, ratio, size etc., only to cooperate the revealed content of specification, with
Understand for those skilled in the art and read, be not intended to limit the invention enforceable qualifications, therefore does not have technically
Essential meaning, the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or the adjustment of size can be generated not influencing the present invention
Under effect and the purpose that can reach, should all still it fall in the range of disclosed technology contents can cover.Meanwhile
Cited such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", " centre " term in this specification are merely convenient to being illustrated for narration, and
It is non-that to limit the scope of the invention, relativeness is altered or modified, under the content of no substantial changes in technology, when
Also it is considered as the enforceable scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting is by rice and kernel dish ecological planting system, agriculture
Field water purification return water system composition.Rice and kernel dish ecological planting system includes four pieces of field crop kind planting-line blocks 1 being arranged successively, and is surrounded
It is arranged between the vegetable cultivation region 2 and adjacent two pieces of field crops kind planting-line block 1 of the setting of field crop kind planting-line block 1
It is spaced multi-functional-area 3.Water purification return water system in farmland includes collection Water warfare well 4, ecological canal 5, purified water water return pipeline 6 and buffering
Pond 7；Collection Water warfare well 4 is located at the minimum side of rice and kernel dish ecological planting system topography, and is connected with ecological canal 5；Buffering
Pond 7 is located at the highest side of rice and kernel dish ecological planting system topography；6 one end water inlet of purified water water return pipeline is connected to ecological canal
5, other end water outlet is located at 7 top of buffer pool.
Field crop kind planting-line block 1 is the important actor that four sides is trapezoidal inclined surface, is higher by 2 soil layer 30cm of vegetable cultivation region,
Top table top is used for rice and wheat toothing crop rotation, and trapezoidal inclination plane inclination is 30 °.Being spaced multi-functional-area 3 is adjacent two pieces
The irrigation canals and ditches formed between field crop kind planting-line block 1 are lower than 2 soil layer 20cm of vegetable cultivation region, the training of the area Rice Cropping Shi Gai
Biomembrane is supported, rape or beans dish are planted by the area wheat planting Shi Gai.Vegetable cultivation region 2 is arranged around field crop kind planting-line block 1,
Lotus rhizome or taro can be planted when Rice Cropping, kind rape or beans when wheat planting.
Ecological canal 5 is located at the side of collection Water warfare well 4, and ecological canal 5 includes the ecological slope protection 51 of two sides, is laid on canal
The microbial film 52 at bottom, and it is planted in the aquatic purifying plant 53 at canal bottom.
As shown in Fig. 2, a collection Water warfare well 4 is respectively set in topography lower side both ends in farmland, depending on field size and
Water storage volume settings depth and cross sectional shape size, diameter of section size are the 1/6 of entire vegetable cultivation sector width.Collect Water warfare
Well 4 is the cylinder of upper and lower opening, and bottom is embedded to the deep about 2m of 2 soil layer of vegetable cultivation region, and soil layer 40cm is exposed at top；It catchments net
Change the wall 41 and intake pipe 42 that well 4 includes annular；Thickness is equipped with no more than well depth half from bottom in wall 41
Bed course 43 is equipped with biofiltration net 44 above bed course 43；42 one end of intake pipe is embedded in bed course 43, and the other end protrudes into life from well head
In state irrigation canals and ditches 5.Integrate the wall of Water warfare well 4 as the cement wall of C20, thickness is about 15cm.Intake pipe 42 is PVC material, caliber
No more than 50cm.Biofiltration net is two layers of wire netting or the PVC net for having some strength, and 20 mesh of screen size is replaceable.Bed course
It is accumulated by the cobblestone of the two-stage gradation of 5~8cm and 16~32cm with volume ratio 4:1, stack thickness Ji Shuijinghuajing
The half of depth forms hole between cobblestone, to increase the dissolved oxygen in bed course water, cultivates microorganism.Rice and kernel dish is raw
Extra underground moisture in state implant system flows to the low side of topography from the side of high-land, and from collection Water warfare bottom
It is purified into bed course, is then pumped in ecological canal by intake pipe as new irrigation water.Collect Water warfare well 4 with
Field connecting part carries out infiltration hardening construction, opened upper end and is higher by field face 30cm, and arid or evaporation capacity big period can
With with plank or cement plate caping.Field water passes through surface (in the case that water is more), underground after plant and microbial action
Collection water purifying tank is leaked into, when purification well water accumulation to certain depth, opens valve, purified water is pumped into life by intake pipe
State channel 5.By the effect of microbial film 52 and aquatic purifying plant 53 in ecological channel 5, the nutrients such as nitrogen phosphorus are absorbed in water
Purification.Water after cleaned as needed is back to use farmland by purified water water return pipeline 6, in farmland water outlet be arranged one it is slow
Pond 7 is rushed, recycle-water stabilization is made to flow into field according to quantity.Or it can be discharged into upper level field when not needing reuse and fill in row's canal net.
As shown in figure 3, buffer pool 7 is located at the vegetable cultivation region highest side of 2 topography, including water receiving stand 71 and for around
The pond body wall 72 that water receiving stand 71 is laid with；Water receiving stand 71 is the important actor that a section is right-angled trapezium, and top table top is located at purification
Below water water return pipeline 6 water outlet, water receiving stand inclined-plane 73 is towards field crop kind planting-line block 1；Pond body wall 72 is located at water receiving stand
73 bottom of inclined-plane is equipped with a gate 74.Pond body wall is the cement wall of C20 intensity, thickness about 10cm, long 60cm, wide 40cm；It connects
Water platform is by plain cement masonry；Gate is to be promoted or declined up and down by wall card slot with portable plank or steel plate.Water receiving stand 71
Top table top is lower than the about 10cm of pond body wall 72, and 73 gradient of water receiving stand inclined-plane is 30 °；Pond body wall 72 is embedded to vegetable cultivation region
2 soil layer 15cm, top are higher by 2 soil layer 40cm of vegetable cultivation region.
Make to make whole year production implementation between crop rotation wheat dish between rice dish:
Step 1: rice+lotus rhizome plant development
Biomembrane is cultivated in field crop kind planting-line block rice cultivation when rice season, interval multi-functional-area, remaining area plantation lotus
Lotus root.Water and fertilizer management is water-saving irrigation (water storage control is irrigated): rice striking root phase water layer is no more than the 10mm of furrow face, after turning green
Draining (is highly 10cm-15cm) lower than furrow face not higher than field face 10cm to water layer.Furrow block surface layer is without bright water, according to soil moisture
Variation is irrigated, and is poured water when furrow block 0-20cm deep soil moisture content is down to 60% wet without bright water to upper soll layer.
The stage of yellow ripeness no longer pours water, and falls naturally dry.Irrigation water comes from ecological channel.It is drained when rainfall, keeps the water surface.Fertilization of rice is according to just
Normal regulation of fertilizer requirement replaces chemical fertilizer, 90% phosphate fertilizer, 100% potash fertilizer with 90% organic fertilizer nitrogenous fertilizer.Lotus rhizome is applied according to normal fertilising habit
With.
Step 2: wheat+rape or beans plant development
After rice and harvesting lotus root, no-tillage toothing carries out furrow block and wheat, rest part direct-sowing rape or (beans work is broadcast live
Object), it is not required to irrigate by rainfall under normal circumstances, carries out reuse irrigation using the purified water that catchments in special period of drought, protect
Water holding divides the 60%-80% range of saturated soil water content.Vegetable crop does not need in addition to apply fertilizer.When not arid, often
When water surface elevation with channel height differs 10cm in ecological channel, it may be considered that purified water is discharged into upper level farmland pipe
Net.80% organic fertilizer nitrogen of the normal fertilizer treatment of fertilizer treatment, 90% phosphate fertilizer, 100% potash fertilizer, rape or beans plantation do not need
Fertilising.
Experiment shows that the application method can not only obtain the water-saving effect for subtracting nitrogen, also can be reduced the use of phosphate fertilizer.While by
In no-tillage toothing, do not need to increase potash fertilizer.The present embodiment makes corn, Wheat Production water-saving about 10%, and rate of fertilizer reduces about
5% or so, rice, wheat increase yield 3%-5%.
It is specific real the present invention provides the thinking and method of a kind of water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting
Now there are many method of the technical solution and approach, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for this
For the those of ordinary skill of technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvement and profit can also be made
Decorations, these modifications and embellishments should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.Each component part being not known in the present embodiment is available
The prior art is realized.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting, which is characterized in that it is by rice and kernel dish eco-species phytem
System, farmland water purification return water system composition；
The rice and kernel dish ecological planting system includes one group of field crop kind planting-line block (1) being arranged successively, and surrounds field crop
Between being arranged between the vegetable cultivation region (2) and adjacent two pieces of field crops kind planting-line block (1) of kind planting-line block (1) setting
Every multi-functional-area (3)；
The farmland water purification return water system includes Ji Shuijinghuajing (4), ecological canal (5), purified water water return pipeline (6) and buffering
Pond (7)；The Ji Shuijinghuajing (4) is located at the minimum side of rice and kernel dish ecological planting system topography, and with ecological canal (5) phase
Connection；The buffer pool (7) is located at the highest side of rice and kernel dish ecological planting system topography；The purified water water return pipeline (6)
One end water inlet is connected to ecological canal (5), and other end water outlet is located above buffer pool (7).
2. the water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the collection
Water warfare well (4) is located at vegetable cultivation region (2) highest side of topography, is the cylinder of upper and lower opening, and bottom is embedded to vegetables
Deep 1.5~the 3m of planting area (2) soil layer, 30~50cm of soil layer is exposed at top；Ji Shuijinghuajing (4) includes the wall (41) of annular
With intake pipe (42)；The bed course (43) that thickness is no more than well depth half, bed course (43) are equipped with from bottom in wall (41)
Top is equipped with biofiltration net (44)；In intake pipe (42) one end embedment bed course (43), the other end protrudes into ecology from well head
In irrigation canals and ditches (5).
3. the water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described big
Field Crop Species planting-line block (1) is the important actor that four sides is trapezoidal inclined surface, is higher by vegetable cultivation region (2) 15~40cm of soil layer, is pushed up
Portion's table top is used for rice and wheat toothing crop rotation, and trapezoidal inclination plane inclination is not more than 45 °.
4. the water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting according to claim 3, which is characterized in that between described
Every the irrigation canals and ditches that multi-functional-area (3) are formed between adjacent two pieces of field crops kind planting-line block (1), it is lower than vegetable cultivation region
(2) 15~30cm of soil layer.
5. the water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described slow
It rushes pond (7) and is located at vegetable cultivation region (2) highest side of topography, including water receiving stand (71) and to be laid with around water receiving stand (71)
Pond body wall (72)；The water receiving stand (71) is the important actor that a section is right-angled trapezium, and top table top is returned positioned at purified water
Below waterpipe (6) water outlet, water receiving stand inclined-plane (73) are towards field crop kind planting-line block (1)；Pond body wall (72) position
A gate (74) are equipped in water receiving stand inclined-plane (73) bottom.
6. the water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described to connect
Table top is lower than (72) 10~15cm of pond body wall at the top of water platform (71), and water receiving stand (71) surface slope is 15-45 °；The pond body
Wall (72) is embedded to vegetable cultivation region (2) 15~20cm of soil layer, and top is higher by vegetable cultivation region (2) 30~50cm of soil layer.
7. the water-saving weight-reducing ecological engineering system of rice and kernel dish ecologic planting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the life
State irrigation canals and ditches (5) are located at the side of Ji Shuijinghuajing (4), and ecological canal (5) includes the ecological slope protection (51) of two sides, are laid on canal bottom
Microbial film (52), and be planted in the aquatic purifying plant (53) at canal bottom.
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