CN110226447B - Exogenous gibberellin spike increasing method for pepper - Google Patents

Exogenous gibberellin spike increasing method for pepper Download PDF

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CN110226447B
CN110226447B CN201910689737.1A CN201910689737A CN110226447B CN 110226447 B CN110226447 B CN 110226447B CN 201910689737 A CN201910689737 A CN 201910689737A CN 110226447 B CN110226447 B CN 110226447B
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gibberellin
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CN110226447A (en
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祖超
鱼欢
李蓉蓉
李志刚
杨建峰
王灿
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Spice and Beverage Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N45/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring

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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a method for increasing the spike of pepper by exogenous gibberellin. The method comprises the following steps: and (3) spraying exogenous gibberellin on pepper leaves in a main flowering phase of pepper, wherein the concentration of the exogenous gibberellin is 20-100 mg/L. Experiments are carried out according to the gibberellin spike increasing method, the exogenous gibberellin spike increasing method disclosed by the invention proves that the exogenous gibberellins with different concentrations have certain influence on growth and spike emergence of pepper under treatment, the influence on newly-emerged spike is large, the spike emergence of pepper can be promoted by spraying gibberellin, the effect of applying gibberellin of 40-60mg/L on the leaf shape parameters such as leaf area and leaf thickness of pepper is good, and the influence of spraying gibberellin on the activity of photosynthesis, sucrose, starch and sucrose metabolism related enzymes of pepper source leaves is not obvious. The method lays a scientific foundation for increasing the number of the flower spikes in the main flowering phase, and has important significance for optimizing flower regulation and yield increase in pepper production.

Description

Exogenous gibberellin spike increasing method for pepper
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a method for increasing the spike of pepper by exogenous gibberellin.
Background
Pepper (pepper nigrum L.) is a perennial woody vine plant of the family piperiaceae (pepper) genus Piper (pepper), and has the reputation of "king of spices", not only being one of the most important spicy crops in the world, but also playing an important role in medicinal and industrial value. At present, Hainan has become the main base for pepper production in China, methods for improving the yield of pepper are continuously researched, and the number of spica is a key factor for influencing the yield. The pepper flower buds are mixed buds, vegetative growth and reproductive growth are carried out simultaneously, multiple flowering can be carried out in one year, the main flowering phase is 9-11 months per year, and the correlation between the pepper fruit ear number and the yield is the largest in the research on the pepper flowering phase regulation and the influence of pepper fruit characters on the yield, so that the flowering quantity of the pepper in the main flowering phase is a key factor influencing the yield.
The conventional flower regulating and yield increasing measure in the current production is fertilization, proper nitrogen application can promote the development of pepper spica, and excessive fertilizer input causes environmental pollution: the fertilizing amount of the pepper in 8-11 months in the rainy season of Hainan is 70% of the fertilizing amount of the pepper all year round, the centralized excessive fertilizing causes environmental pollution, and the continuous cropping obstacle of the perennial pepper is also aggravated, so that the yield of the pepper is reduced, and the economic life is shortened. Excessive fertilization is also contrary to the great demand of the new era in China, and green development of agriculture is realized. Therefore, a new method for regulating flowering and spike increment of pepper is urgently needed to realize quality improvement and synergy in pepper cultivation management.
The mechanism of gibberellin regulation of flower formation is different between model plants and perennial woody plants, for example, in Arabidopsis studies gibberellin was found to promote the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth of plants, but in mango and apple gibberellin inhibits flower bud differentiation. The gibberellin signal is enhanced to promote the plants to bloom in advance, but the gibberellin level is too high to inhibit the plants from flowering. In short day plants, the gibberellin pathway plays an important role and becomes essential because of the lack of regulation of the photoperiod flowering pathway. At present, no report on regulating the number of pepper ears by adopting exogenous gibberellin is found.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an exogenous gibberellin spike-increasing method for pepper. The method is a method for increasing the spike of pepper in the main flowering phase by using exogenous gibberellin, changes the traditional yield increasing means of pollution caused by excessive fertilization, and realizes green yield increase.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for increasing the spike of pepper by exogenous gibberellin, which comprises the following steps: and (3) spraying exogenous gibberellin on pepper leaves in a main flowering phase of pepper, wherein the concentration of the exogenous gibberellin is 20-100 mg/L.
The existing yield increasing method of pepper has limitations, the yield can be increased by applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the environmental pollution is aggravated by excessive fertilizer investment, and the pollution is only aggravated by the special climate environment in Hainan, so that the pepper is paradoxically and green developed; therefore, a new efficient means for increasing the spike in the main flowering phase is urgently needed. Aiming at the defects of the existing pepper spike increasing method, gibberellin is sprayed in the main flowering phase of pepper on the basis of further understanding the growth characteristics of pepper, so that the spike number is increased, and the yield is increased.
The invention aims to find out the influence of exogenous gibberellin on the quantity of spica by regulating and controlling the form and photosynthetic physiology of pepper source leaves, and researches and analyzes the quantity of the spica in different growth stages of main flowering phase of pepper, completely developed leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, sucrose and starch accumulation and the change of leaf form indexes under different exogenous gibberellin concentrations. Provides practical theoretical guidance for increasing the flower quantity, improving the yield of pepper and promoting the green development of industry by adopting proper technical measures in production.
The pepper is a short-day plant, and researches of the application find that the moderate light intensity can promote the content of endogenous gibberellin in pepper leaves to be increased and increase the number of pepper spica. Therefore, gibberellin pathways and photosynthetic product metabolism are related, the number of pepper spica is regulated and controlled by researching the synergistic effect of gibberellin and photosynthetic products, and a practical theoretical guidance is provided for screening a proper gibberellin concentration and promoting spica formation by adopting proper technical measures in production to obtain high-yield and high-quality pepper.
Preferably, the concentration of the exogenous gibberellin is 30-70 mg/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the exogenous gibberellin is 40-60 mg/L.
More preferably, the concentration of exogenous gibberellin is 60 mg/L.
In the invention, the exogenous gibberellin spike-increasing method is used for regulating and controlling the number of pepper spikes at different development stages.
Preferably, the pepper spikes at different developmental stages are newly-extracted to 8cm spikes.
Preferably, the pepper spica in different development stages is newly-extracted, 2cm, 5cm and 8cm spica.
Preferably, the pepper spica in different development stages is newly-extracted, 2cm, 5cm spica.
In the present invention, the main flowering period of pepper is 9 months to 11 months.
Preferably, the pepper is hot pepper No. 1.
The invention provides a method for increasing the spike of pepper by exogenous gibberellin, which comprises the following steps: and (3) spraying exogenous gibberellin on pepper leaves in a main flowering phase of pepper, wherein the concentration of the exogenous gibberellin is 20-100 mg/L. The invention has the technical effects that:
experiments are carried out according to the gibberellin spike increasing method, the exogenous gibberellin spike increasing method disclosed by the invention proves that the exogenous gibberellins with different concentrations have certain influence on growth and spike emergence of pepper under treatment, the influence on newly-emerged spike is large, the spike emergence of pepper can be promoted by spraying gibberellin, the effect of applying gibberellin of 40-60mg/L on the leaf shape parameters such as leaf area and leaf thickness of pepper is good, and the influence of spraying gibberellin on the activity of photosynthesis, sucrose, starch and sucrose metabolism related enzymes of pepper source leaves is not obvious. Finally, the proper gibberellin concentration range of the main flowering phase of pepper is researched, a scientific basis is laid for increasing the number of the blossoms in the main flowering phase, and the method has important significance for optimizing flower regulation and yield increase in pepper production.
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FIG. 1 shows the effect of exogenous gibberellins with different concentrations on the number of spica in different growth stages of main flowering phase of pepper (A shows the number of newly-extracted spica, B shows the number of spica of 2cm, C shows the number of spica of 5cm, and D shows the number of spica of 8 cm), T1 is treated by using clear water as a control, and T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively represent gibberellin concentration treatments of 20, 40, 60 and 100 mg/L; the lower case letters above the histogram represent that the difference between different treatments is significant, and the n.s. represents that the difference between different treatments is not significant;
FIG. 2 shows the effect of different concentrations of exogenous gibberellins on the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cond), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr) of pepper-derived leaves;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different concentrations of exogenous gibberellins on SPAD values of pepper-derived leaves.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses an exogenous gibberellin spike-increasing method for pepper, and a person skilled in the art can appropriately improve process parameters by referring to the content. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The seeds, hormones, instruments or reagents used in the exogenous gibberellin spike increasing method for pepper provided by the invention can be purchased from the market.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
The tests were carried out in the pepper test demonstration base (18 ° 1'N, 110 ° 13' E) of the perfumery beverage institute of the tropical agrology academy of china. The method takes clear water as a contrast (T1), four exogenous gibberellins with the concentration of 20, 40, 60 and 100mg/L (T2-T5) are adopted to spray pepper in a main flowering phase, gibberellins are sprayed in the main flowering phase in 2019, 3 plants with basically consistent growth vigor are selected in each treatment (pepper spica is completely removed before gibberellin is sprayed), each plant is taken as a repetition, all leaf surfaces of pepper are sprayed until the leaves begin to drip, and other management measures are consistent in each treatment. When the pepper is sprayed, attention should be paid not to pollute other pepper plants, and the number of newly-grown spikes, 2cm, 5cm and 8cm spikes are counted after one month of treatment. Measuring photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content and leaf form indexes at 10 th after gibberellin spraying, collecting fully stable leaves of leaves at the next leaf position with the length of the flower spike of 2cm at 9: 00-11: 30 am at 10 th after gibberellin spraying, namely fully stable leaves at the second leaf position, collecting inverted two leaves corresponding to the flower spikes of 5cm and 8cm at 25 th after gibberellin spraying, and researching the sucrose and starch content of the leaves; the influence of the regulation and control of the pepper source leaf morphology and the photosynthetic physiology on the pepper spica number by different exogenous gibberellin concentrations is proved to provide practical theoretical guidance for increasing the spica number, improving the pepper yield and promoting the green development of the industry by adopting proper technical measures in the production.
The invention adopts a conventional management method to fertilize, prune and shape the pepper, and compares the influences of a plurality of treatments on the number of pepper spica, the leaf morphological change and the photosynthetic capacity. The results of the study are as follows:
1.1 Effect of exogenous gibberellins of different concentrations on the number of spikes of pepper at different growth stages
The gibberellin spraying has obvious influence on the number of the flower spikes of the pepper in different growth stages. From the research on the influence of gibberellin on the number of the newly-extracted spica, the fact that the amount of the newly-extracted spica of pepper is increased by spraying the gibberellin can be found, along with the increase of the concentration of the gibberellin (20mg/L, 40mg/L, 60mg/L and 100mg/L), the number of the spica is increased by 1.7, 2.7, 3.7 and 5.5 times respectively, wherein the number of the newly-extracted spica is obviously increased under the treatment of the concentration of 100mg/L (figure 1A); in studies of the effect of gibberellin on the number of 2cm ears, it was found that as gibberellin concentration increased, the number of ears appeared to increase first and then decrease, with significant increases in ear number under T3-T5 treatment, with the greatest number of ears treated with T4, increasing by 4.9-fold relative to control (fig. 1B); for the ears at the development stage of 5cm, the number of the ears also shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing along with the increase of the concentration of gibberellin, and under the treatment of T4, the number of the ears is the largest, and is increased by 86% compared with the control (FIG. 1C); in a study of the effect of gibberellin spray on the number of 8cm spikes, it was found that T4 treatment significantly increased the number of spikes by 2.4-fold relative to the control (fig. 1D). In conclusion, the effect of promoting the number of the panicles is the greatest when the gibberellin concentration is 60mg/L, and the gibberellin concentration is treated twice at 40 mg/L.
1.2 influence of exogenous gibberellins with different concentrations on leaf morphology of pepper spica in different stages of development
1.2.1 Effect on the form of the corresponding Pepper leaf of 2cm panicle
As can be seen from Table 1, pepper leaf length increased by 10%, 18%, 19%, 8% with increasing gibberellin concentration, respectively, as compared to the control, where T3 and T4 treatments differed from the control by significant levels; leaf width increases by 11%, 13%, 31%, 5%, with T4 treatment differing from controls by a significant level; the leaf area is increased by 20%, 31%, 58% and 11%, and the difference between the T4 treatment and the control reaches a significant level; leaf thickness increased by 10% and 14% over the control, respectively, for the T3 and T4 treatments, but the differences were not significant. Therefore, the effect of promoting the leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of the pepper leaves by spraying the gibberellin with the concentration of 60mg/L is the best, and the gibberellin with the concentration of 40mg/L is treated twice.
TABLE 1 Effect of gibberellins of different exogenous concentrations on the morphology of pepper-derived leaves corresponding to 2cm spica
Figure GDA0002974235810000051
Figure GDA0002974235810000061
Note: the different lower case letters after each column indicate significant differences between treatments (P <0.05), the values being the average of the different treatments, the same below.
1.2.2 Effect on the form of the leaf of the corresponding Pepper source of the 5cm spica
As shown in table 2, leaf length of pepper leaves corresponding to 5cm spica increases by 13%, 24% and 11% respectively under T2-T4 treatment compared with control, wherein T3 treatment is different from control by a significant level; under the treatment of T2-T4, the width of pepper leaves is respectively and obviously increased by 19 percent, 24 percent and 26 percent; the leaf areas were significantly increased by 43%, 67%, 41% under the treatment of T2-T4, respectively. Compared with the control, the high-concentration T5 treatment reduces the leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of the pepper-source leaves by 6%, 8% and 4% respectively, but the difference is not significant. Therefore, the effect of promoting the leaf length, the leaf width and the leaf area of the corresponding pepper source leaves of the 5cm spica is best by spraying 40mg/L gibberellin, and the effect is the second time of 60mg/L treatment.
TABLE 2 Effect of gibberellins of different exogenous concentrations on the morphology of pepper-derived leaves corresponding to 5cm spica
Treatment of Leaf length (mm) Leaf width (mm) Leaf area (mm)2) Leaf thickness (mm)
T1 102.45bc 44.26b 2759.95b 0.53a
T2 115.28ab 52.84a 4001.51a 0.50a
T3 127.21a 55.71a 4492.30a 0.53a
T4 113.30abc 55.06a 4103.25a 0.51a
T5 96.43c 40.74b 2672.77b 0.51a
1.2.3 Effect on the form of the corresponding Pepper leaf of 8cm panicle
The influence of exogenous gibberellin on the form of the corresponding pepper source leaves of the 8cm spica is researched, and the results show that compared with a control, the leaf length, the leaf width and the leaf area of the corresponding reverse two leaves of the 8cm spica are increased under the treatment of T2-T4, but the leaf length, the leaf width and the leaf area are not obvious, and the three indexes are reduced by the treatment of T5, but the leaf length, the leaf width and the leaf area are not obvious; there was no significant difference in leaf thickness between treatments. In general, the 60mg/L treatment was most effective in promoting the morphological index of pepper leaves (Table 3).
TABLE 3 influence of gibberellins of different exogenous concentrations on the morphology of pepper-derived leaves corresponding to 8cm spica
Figure GDA0002974235810000062
Figure GDA0002974235810000071
1.3 Effect of exogenous gibberellins of different concentrations on photosynthesis of pepper leaves
The influence of exogenous gibberellin on the photosynthetic capacity of the pepper-derived leaves is researched, and the result shows that the treatment with different concentrations has no significant influence on the photosynthetic rate (Pn), the stomatal conductance (Cond) and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) of the pepper-derived leaves at the period; compared with the control, the transpiration rate (Tr) of the period under the treatment of T2-T4 is obviously increased by 5-38%, so that the spraying of gibberellin can promote the absorption and transportation of soil nutrients by pepper. (FIG. 2).
1.4 Effect of exogenous gibberellins of different concentrations on SPAD value of pepper leaves
The chlorophyll content of the leaves is closely related to the photosynthetic capacity of plants, and generally, the chlorophyll content is increased, and the photosynthetic capacity is enhanced along with the increase. As can be seen from FIG. 3, spraying gibberellin 60mg/L can increase the chlorophyll content of pepper leaves relative to the control, which is also a possible reason for increasing the number of pepper spikes.
Compared with the fresh water treatment, the method has the advantages that the number of the spica is increased by spraying exogenous gibberellin with a certain concentration on the premise of not influencing the growth vigor of the pepper, the number of the newly-extracted spica is increased by 1.7-5.5 times along with the increase of the concentration of the gibberellin, the number of the spica of 2cm and 5cm is increased along with the increase of the gibberellin, the increase of the treatment of 20mg/L is not obvious, and the treatment effect of the exogenous gibberellin is most obvious in the range of 40-60 mg/L.
The invention takes the young pepper as a test material, researches the influence of exogenous gibberellin on the completely developed leaf shape index, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and the number of spica of the main flowering phase of the pepper by adopting a field gibberellin spraying technology, researches the influence of exogenous gibberellin on the number of the spica of the pepper by regulating and controlling the leaf shape and the photosynthesis physiology, and results show that the spraying of gibberellin has a remarkable improvement effect on the leaf shape index, which is a key regulating and controlling factor for promoting the increase of the number of the spica of the pepper, wherein, the spraying of gibberellin of 40-60mg/L obviously increases the leaf area and leaf thickness of pepper source leaves corresponding to the spica of 2cm, 5cm and 8cm, the total amount of the photosynthetic products is effectively increased, and in addition, the leaf transpiration and the chlorophyll value improvement under the gibberellin treatment condition also have promotion effects on the photosynthetic capacity, and the leaf transpiration and the chlorophyll value improvement are all regulating and controlling factors for increasing the number of pepper spikes. Therefore, the research on the exogenous gibberellin regulation and control of the source leaf morphology and the photosynthetic physiology provides practical theoretical guidance for increasing the spike number, improving the pepper yield and promoting the green development of the industry by adopting proper technical measures in the production.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The method for increasing the spike of pepper by exogenous gibberellin is characterized in that exogenous gibberellin is sprayed on pepper leaves in a main flowering phase of pepper, wherein the concentration of the exogenous gibberellin is 40-60mg/L, and the main flowering phase of pepper is 9-11 months;
the exogenous gibberellin spike increasing method is used for regulating and controlling the number of pepper spikes at different development stages.
2. The exogenous gibberellin spiking method of claim 1, wherein the exogenous gibberellin is present at a concentration of 60 mg/L.
3. The exogenous gibberellin spiking method of claim 1, wherein the pepper spikes at different developmental stages are newly-grown to 8cm spikes.
4. The exogenous gibberellin spiking method of claim 3, wherein said pepper spikes at different developmental stages are newly-extracted, 2cm, 5cm, 8cm spikes.
5. The exogenous gibberellin spiking method of claim 4, wherein said pepper spikes at different developmental stages are newly-extracted, 2cm, 5cm spikes.
6. The exogenous gibberellin spiking method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pepper is hot lead pepper No. 1.
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