CN110224482B - Independent power supply and charging system for electric ship main power supply and storage battery grouping - Google Patents
Independent power supply and charging system for electric ship main power supply and storage battery grouping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grouping independent power supply and charging system for main power supply storage batteries of an electric ship, wherein the main power supply storage batteries are divided into n groups, the storage battery groups are respectively 1G-nG, the output ends of the storage batteries of each group are respectively connected with respective segmented bus bars after being respectively subjected to short-circuit protection through fuses, and the segmented bus bars are mutually reserved; each group of storage batteries is respectively provided with a charger, n main switches 1Q-nQ are arranged, each segmented busbar is respectively connected with the inlet wire end of one main switch, and the outlet wire ends of the main switches 1Q-nQ are all connected to the direct current busbar; the invention replaces the existing method that a plurality of storage battery packs are powered in parallel by a DC/DC converter by grouping and independently supplying power to the storage batteries of the main power supply of the electric ship, thereby solving the technical problem that a plurality of storage battery packs are directly connected in parallel to form circulation; the problem of overlarge charging power in the prior art is solved by using a mode of grouping the storage batteries and independently charging the storage batteries simultaneously, and the technical problem of overlong battery charging time caused by sequential charging of a plurality of storage battery packs is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an independent power supply and charging system for storage batteries of a main power supply of an electric ship, and belongs to the technical field of main power supply devices of ships.
Background
The electric propulsion ship with the main power supply powered by the storage battery is called an electric ship. The traditional electric ship is mainly a small sightseeing yacht of inland with lower main power supply voltage, smaller capacity and low endurance requirement, the storage battery capacity of the traditional electric ship is similar to that of the traditional domestic electric automobile, the rated output electric energy is about 200Ah, the rated output electric energy is about 80kWh or less, the storage batteries are not required to be divided into groups to be connected in parallel to expand the capacity, and the problems of difficult charging operation and the like are avoided. In recent years, the application range of the electric ship is expanded, the electric propulsion power and the endurance are correspondingly increased, the main power supply is developed from a traditional lead-acid storage battery to a new energy lithium iron phosphate battery, the storage battery capacity of the main power supply of the electric ship is more than 2500Ah, the rated output electric energy of the main power supply of the electric ship is more than 1500kWh, and the main power supply has a trend of further improvement.
In a battery factory, hundreds of lithium iron phosphate single batteries are connected in series and parallel to form battery modules (battery module products with different voltages and capacities in the battery factory), and then a plurality of battery modules are connected in series and parallel to form a battery pack (also called a cabinet or a bag) according to the voltage and capacity requirements of a battery pack by a user.
Due to various reasons in the aspects of materials, processes and the like, the consistency of the parameters such as the voltage, the internal resistance and the like of the lithium iron phosphate single storage battery is difficult to be highly consistent, the consistency is further reduced after the single storage batteries are combined into the storage battery module, and a plurality of battery modules are connected in series and in parallel to form a storage battery pack, so that the consistency among the groups is poorer. If the number of the single storage batteries connected in series and parallel in one battery module is excessive, circulation can be formed due to voltage difference, so that the capacity of the battery is accelerated and attenuated, and the service life of the battery is obviously shortened. Therefore, the battery factories are required to manage each battery module by using the BMS according to the regulations of the ship construction regulations (CCS 2016 "steel inland ship construction regulations" and the following changes and regulations in 2019) that the Battery Management System (BMS) should be provided for the lithium iron phosphate battery and the requirements that the BMS should be capable of controlling the balance between the battery cells, and the number of the series-parallel battery modules in each battery pack is limited, and the rated capacity of each battery pack is generally limited to about 750Ah and the rated output power is limited to about 500 kWh.
When the power of the electric ship is larger and the endurance is longer, the rated output electric quantity of the storage battery pack of the main power supply is larger. For example, the average power p=176 kW of the electric load of a certain ship, the transient maximum power P m =355 kW, and the endurance is 7 hours. The calculation is performed by referring to a method disclosed in patent document "electric ship hybrid main power supply capacity calculation method" with application number 201811051638.2, wherein the storage battery capacity of the ship main power supply is 2952Ah (3000 Ah is taken), the nominal voltage of the battery pack is 652.8V equal to the rated voltage of the direct current bus, and the output electric energy of the battery pack is about 1958kWh. The calculation result is verified to be reasonable, and when the construction order is ordered, the reference opinion based on the prior art scheme provided by the battery supplier is as follows: ① The storage batteries are divided into a plurality of groups for supplying goods, the nominal voltage of each storage battery group can be selected to be 652.8V-688V, the capacity is preferably below 750Ah, and the output ends of the storage battery groups are connected in parallel through a DC/DC converter; ② If the secondary batteries are not divided into several groups, even if the charging rate is 0.5C, the charging device needs to be customized due to the excessive capacity, and the connector cannot be provided. If the battery packs are connected in parallel directly, failure occurs due to inconsistency of the battery packs. The inconsistency among the battery cases has become a big obstacle to the capacity of the battery pack, and importance and research on consistency of the batteries by the treatises and battery factories are necessary. At present, when the capacity of a storage battery required by a main power supply of an electric ship is large at home and abroad, the storage battery is divided into a plurality of boxes, and the boxes are respectively connected to a direct current main busbar for parallel connection after voltage adjustment by a DC/DC converter. However, the following drawbacks exist in the parallel connection of the output ends of the storage battery boxes through the DC/DC converter:
the price of the DC/DC converter is higher, the price of the DC/DC converter at the brand high end is higher, and the proportion of the price of the DC/DC converter in the manufacturing cost of the electric ship main power supply control system is more than 70 percent;
the harmonic wave generated by inversion, frequency conversion, rectification and other links inside the DC/DC converter needs to increase the cost of harmonic wave treatment;
3. Even if the DC/DC converter is used for regulating the output voltage of each box of storage batteries, the problem that the output of each box of storage batteries is inconsistent still exists to a different extent, and the circulation between each box of storage batteries cannot be reduced to 0 under any working condition;
The DC/DC converter has certain loss in operation, so that the energy-saving effect is affected;
5. The DC/DC converter is adopted to regulate the output voltage of each storage battery box, and meanwhile, a fault link is added, so that components are not easy to repair after being damaged;
the DC/DC converter has higher temperature in operation, and the heat dissipation measure needs to increase the cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an independent power supply and charging system for a storage battery group of an electric ship main power supply, which replaces the existing method that a plurality of storage battery packs are powered in parallel by a DC/DC converter by independent power supply of the storage battery group of the electric ship main power supply, and solves the technical problem that a plurality of storage battery packs are directly connected in parallel to form a circulation; the problem of overlarge charging power in the prior art is solved by using a mode of grouping the storage batteries and independently charging the storage batteries simultaneously, and the technical problem of overlong battery charging time caused by sequential charging of a plurality of storage battery packs is solved.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The electric ship main power supply storage battery grouping independent power supply and charging system comprises n groups of main power supply storage batteries, wherein n is larger than or equal to 2, the storage battery groups are respectively 1G-nG, the output ends of the storage batteries of each group are respectively connected with the respective segmented bus bars after being respectively subjected to short-circuit protection through fuses, and the segmented bus bars are mutually reserved; each group of storage batteries is respectively provided with a charger, the chargers are respectively 1U-nU, the direct current sides of the chargers are connected with the corresponding storage battery groups, the alternating current sides of the chargers are respectively provided with a flexible charging cable, one end of each cable is connected with the corresponding alternating current side of the charger, the other end of each cable is provided with a plug, and 3AC, 50Hz and 380V shore power sources are respectively plugged in through sockets in a charging power supply box; setting n main switches 1Q-nQ, wherein each segmented busbar is connected with the incoming line end of one main switch, and the outgoing line ends of the main switches 1Q-nQ are connected to the direct current busbar; the power supply device is provided with a frequency converter 11U, a frequency converter 12U and a frequency converter 13U, wherein the frequency converter 11U and the frequency converter 12U are respectively used for controlling the electric propulsion 1 and the electric propulsion 2, the frequency converter 13U is used for supplying power to other alternating current loads on a ship, the incoming line sides of the frequency converter 11U, the frequency converter 12U and the frequency converter 13U are respectively connected with a direct current busbar through a fuse 5FU, a fuse 6FU and a fuse 7FU, and the outgoing line sides of the frequency converter 11U, the frequency converter 12U and the frequency converter 13U are respectively used for supplying power to the electric propulsion 1, the electric propulsion 2 and other alternating current loads on the ship through a circuit breaker 5Q, a circuit breaker 6Q and a circuit breaker 7Q; the storage battery packs 1G-nG are respectively provided with battery management systems BMS 1-BMSn, and each BMS is in communication connection with the storage battery pack, the charger and the frequency converters 11U, 12U and 13U to which each BMS belongs;
The control power supply of the main switches 1Q-nQ of the storage battery pack is from the emergency DC24V power supply of the ship, the incoming line ends of the fuse FU1 and the fuse FU2 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the emergency DC24V power supply, the coil a end of the intermediate relay 1KA is connected with the outgoing line end of the fuse FU1, the coil b end of the intermediate relay 1KA is connected with the remote control emergency cut-off button 2JS in series, the on-site emergency cut-off button 1JS is connected with the outgoing line end of the fuse FU2, and the movable contact of the intermediate relay 1KA is connected with the audible and visual alarm loop;
the control circuit of the main switch iQ of the storage battery comprises an on-site switch-on button i1S, a remote control switch-on button i2S, an on-site switch-off button i3S, a remote control switch-off button i4S, an intermediate relay iK, BMSi output break-make contacts BMSi1, a break-make contact BMSi3, BMSi4 and BMSi5 output by BMSi, a main switch under-voltage trip coil iYU, a main switch-on relay iQ, and further comprises a break-make contact BMSm output by BMSm, wherein i is 1-n, m=i-1, and m=n is taken when i-1=0;
The remote control switch-on button i2S, BMSi outputs a movable contact BMSi2, an on-site switch-on button i1S, a movable contact of an intermediate relay iK and a movable contact of a main switch-on relay iQ are connected in parallel to form a parallel circuit 1, an a end of the parallel circuit 1 is connected with an outlet end of a fuse FU1, a coil a end of the intermediate relay iK is connected with a b end of the parallel circuit 1, a coil b end of the intermediate relay iK is connected with a movable contact of the main switch-on relay iQ in series and then is connected with a coil b end of the intermediate relay 1KA, a coil a end of the main switch-on relay iQ is connected with a b end of the parallel circuit 1, a coil b end of the main switch-on relay iQ is connected with a coil b end of the intermediate relay 341 KA after being connected with movable contacts of all other main switch-on relays of other storage battery groups in series, two ends of the other pair of movable contacts of the intermediate relay 1KA are connected between a coil b end of the main switch-on relay iQ and a coil b end of the intermediate relay 1 under voltage, a coil b end of the on-off relay 32 is connected with another end of the intermediate relay 1 in series, and the other ends of the remote control switch-off relay 1 is connected with one end of the output coil 32 a relay 1 in series of the relay 1 in series; the BMSi output movable contact BMSi is connected to the low-electricity pre-warning circuit of the storage battery, the BMSi output movable contact BMSi is connected to the abnormal state warning circuit of the storage battery, and the BMSi output movable contact BMSi5 is connected to the stop operation warning circuit of the storage battery.
The object of the invention can be further achieved by the following technical measures:
The above-mentioned electric ship main power supply battery grouping independent power supply and charging system, the total capacity of battery divide into the multiunit, and the capacity of each group battery can be equal, also can not be equal, and the relation of the minimum battery output electric energy of capacity P G and the transient maximum load power of whole ship P m is: p G≥1.35Pm, the average discharge rate of a group of storage batteries with minimum capacity is no more than 0.35C.
The electric ship main power supply storage battery grouping independent power supply and charging system comprises a BMS, wherein the BMS sends out a pre-alarm signal when the state of charge (SOC) of a storage battery pack is as low as 30 percent, and performs pre-alarm; when the discharge voltage is lower than 90% of the nominal voltage, an alarm signal is sent out to alarm; when the state of charge SOC of the battery pack is as low as 20% or the discharge voltage is as low as 88% of the nominal voltage, the battery main switch of the battery pack is turned off to stop supplying power to the direct current busbar, and the BMS automatically turns on a spare battery main switch of the battery pack to supply power to the direct current busbar.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. When the capacity of the storage battery of the main power supply of the electric ship exceeds the limit of the storage battery factory for combining the battery modules into groups, the storage batteries can be divided into a plurality of groups, no matter how many groups the storage batteries are divided into, the storage batteries of each group can be powered to the direct current main bus by adopting a grouping switching method, the output voltage of each group of storage batteries is not required to be regulated by adopting a DC/DC converter and then is connected in parallel, and as the main power supply only keeps one group of storage batteries independently connected to the direct current main bus, no circulation exists among all groups of storage batteries;
2. The invention divides the storage batteries into more than 2 groups which are mutually standby, any group of storage batteries can supply power to a direct current main busbar at first, other groups of storage batteries can be used as backup power, and the failure of any group of storage batteries has no influence on other groups of storage batteries, thereby meeting the technical requirements of the ship construction specification;
3. The ship building specification requires: the invention provides a device for charging storage battery packs with enough capacity, wherein the charging power is the product of the nominal voltage value and the maximum charging current value of the storage battery. For example, if the capacity of a storage battery of a certain electric ship is 2800Ah and the nominal voltage is 652V, if the storage battery is not grouped, the power of the charger reaches 1000kW according to the charging rate of 0.5C, the section of a charging cable needs 480mm 2, the rated current of a charging connector needs 1500A, and the operation difficulty is great; if the charging device is divided into 4 groups, each group is 700Ah, the charging rate is 0.5C, the charger power is 250kW, the section of a charging cable is 120mm 2, the rated current of a charging connector is 420A, the charging device is convenient to select and operate, and because each charger charges each group of storage batteries independently, each charger and the BMS of each group control charging and discharging, even if the parameters such as the residual electric quantity and the voltage of each group of storage batteries are different, the charging device has no influence on charging.
4. The ship building code specifies: "as a battery for propulsion, the discharge end voltage of an acid lead-plate type or alkaline nickel-plate type battery should be at least 88% of its nominal voltage within a prescribed power supply time", the lithium iron phosphate battery currently used for electric ships has a nominal voltage of 3.2V, a maximum voltage of 3.65V (about 114% of the nominal voltage) for full charge, a discharge end voltage of 2.5V (about 78% of the nominal voltage), and the maximum charge voltage proposed by battery factories cannot exceed 115% of the nominal voltage of the battery; after actual measurement of the discharge characteristics of various brands of lithium iron phosphate storage batteries, the data of constant current discharge at 0.35C and 2.5C discharge rates show that the voltage can keep small change near the nominal voltage in the period from full charge discharge to 89% of the nominal voltage (about 2.85V), and the voltage starts to drop rapidly after the discharge to 88% of the nominal voltage (about 2.82V), as shown in figure 1. It is known that in the practical application process of the lithium iron phosphate storage battery, the discharge must be stopped only when the voltage is as low as 88% of the nominal voltage, and the discharge is stopped when the discharge cut-off voltage is 2.5V, which has serious adverse effects on the stability of the main power supply and the service life of the battery. The ship building code specifies: the invention relates to a storage battery charging and discharging device which is used in combination with a Battery Management System (BMS), wherein the BMS can control the balance between the charging and discharging of batteries and single batteries, and the invention determines that the setting is added in the BMS according to the research and analysis of measured data: ① The battery pack is pre-alarmed when the state of charge (SOC) is as low as 30%, alarmed when the ② discharge voltage is as low as 90% (2.88V), ③ SOC is as low as 20% or the discharge voltage is as low as 88% (2.82V), the battery main switch is cut off to stop supplying power to the direct current main busbar, and meanwhile, the BMS automatically switches on a group of standby battery main switches to supply power to the direct current main busbar, so that the technical requirement of ship building specifications is met;
5. The invention relates to a method for controlling the switching operation of each storage battery pack, which is characterized in that the switching operation of each storage battery pack can be manually controlled on site beside a remote control or remote control operation outside the automatic control or remote control operation, so that the technical requirement of the ship building specification is met;
6. The ship building code requires that the power supply of the host control system should be supplied by 2 separate dedicated feeders, of which 1 should be supplied from the main switchboard and 1 should be supplied by the emergency switchboard or by the distribution box for important use. The 2-way power supply may be switched using a manually or automatically switched switch mounted in or near the console. When the power source of the control system fails, audible and visual alarm is sent out, the DC24V control power supply of the invention comes from the DC busbar of the emergency charge board of the ship, the busbar power supply has 2 paths, 1 path comes from the emergency storage battery of the ship, and the other 1 path comes from the charging end of the emergency storage battery of the ship, and the audible and visual alarm is turned on when the power is lost, so that the technical requirement of ship building standards is met;
7. The ship building code requires that "battery systems exceeding 50kWh should be equipped with a separate emergency shutdown function in order to isolate the battery. And satisfies the following requirements: (1) The emergency shutdown function should be completed in the cab and give both visual and audible alarm signals. (2) The emergency shutdown function should be performed by hardware circuitry and isolated from control, display and alarm functions. The invention executes emergency turn-off of the main switch of each battery pack by a hardware circuit in the cab, isolates the battery and turns on the audible and visual alarm, thereby meeting the technical requirements of ship building standards.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of discharge characteristics of a lithium iron phosphate battery;
FIG. 2 is a main circuit diagram of an embodiment of an electric ship main power supply storage battery grouping independent power supply and charging system;
FIG. 3 is a control circuit diagram of an embodiment of an electric ship main power supply storage battery grouping independent power supply and charging system.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
As shown in fig. 2, the main power supply storage batteries of the electric ship are divided into n groups, n is equal to or greater than 2, the storage battery groups are respectively 1G-nG, the output ends of the storage batteries of each group are respectively connected with the respective segmented bus bars after being respectively subjected to short-circuit protection through fuses, and the segmented bus bars are mutually reserved; each group of storage batteries is respectively provided with a charger, the chargers are respectively 1U-nU, the direct current sides of the chargers are connected with the corresponding storage battery groups, the alternating current sides of the chargers are respectively provided with a flexible charging cable, one end of each cable is connected with the corresponding alternating current side of the charger, the other end of each cable is provided with a plug, and 3AC, 50Hz and 380V shore power sources are respectively plugged in through sockets in a charging power supply box; setting n main switches 1Q-nQ, wherein each segmented busbar is connected with the incoming line end of one main switch, and the outgoing line ends of the main switches 1Q-nQ are connected to the direct current busbar; the power supply device is provided with a frequency converter 11U, a frequency converter 12U and a frequency converter 13U, wherein the frequency converter 11U and the frequency converter 12U are respectively used for controlling the electric propulsion 1 and the electric propulsion 2, the frequency converter 13U is used for supplying power to other alternating current loads on a ship, the incoming line sides of the frequency converter 11U, the frequency converter 12U and the frequency converter 13U are respectively connected with a direct current busbar through a fuse 5FU, a fuse 6FU and a fuse 7FU, and the outgoing line sides of the frequency converter 11U, the frequency converter 12U and the frequency converter 13U are respectively used for supplying power to the electric propulsion 1, the electric propulsion 2 and other alternating current loads on the ship through a circuit breaker 5Q, a circuit breaker 6Q and a circuit breaker 7Q; the battery packs 1G to nG are respectively provided with battery management systems BMSs 1 to BMSn, each of which is in communication connection with the respective battery pack, charger and inverter 11U, 12U, 13U. A Battery Management System (BMS) refers to an electronic device that controls or manages electrical or thermal properties of a battery system. The BMS used in the invention can be controlled by adopting controllers such as a PLC and the like according to technical requirements according to a common method.
As shown in fig. 3, the control power sources of the main switches 1Q, 2Q, 3Q, 4Q and … nQ of the storage battery are from the DC24V of the ship DC emergency power source, the protection is carried out by the fuses FU1 and FU2, when the control power source fails, the intermediate relay 1KA is released, the break contact 1KA is reset, and the audible and visual alarm loop is connected.
The ship building code states that "BMS should have a function of displaying a state of charge (SOC) of a battery, and monitoring energy flow of the battery (charge and discharge processes). The SOC as a power cell for propulsion of the vessel should give a visual and audible alarm signal when the minimum amount of power required for normal operation of the vessel is reached. The alarm device of the alarm signal should be independent from other alarm devices. As shown in fig. 3, BMS11, BMS12, BMS13, BMS14, BMS15 are the BMS1 output switching value of the battery pack 1G, BMS21, BMS22, BMS23, BMS24, BMS25 are the BMS2 output switching value of the battery pack 2G, BMS31, BMS32, BMS33, BMS34, BMS35 are the BMS3 output switching value of the battery pack 3G, BMS41, BMS42, BMS43, BMS44, BMS45 are the BMS4 output switching value of the battery pack 4G, BMSn, BMSn, BMSn3, BMSn4, BMSn are the BMSn output switching value of the battery pack nG, which are independent alarm and control passive switching values.
Monitoring and automatic alarming: marine construction regulations prescribe that "BMS should be able to monitor cell voltage, cell series loop current, cell temperature, ambient temperature, electrical insulation resistance in situ and remotely. When the BMS is deviated from a normal value, visual and audible alarms can be sent out, and related parameters detected by the BMS of each storage battery pack are displayed on display screens at the places, the cab and the like; when the BMS detects that the monitored residual capacity of the storage battery pack is lower than 30%, the corresponding BMS output active switching value (BMS 13, BMS23, BMS33, BMS43 and … BMSn 3) is connected with a storage battery pre-alarm acousto-optic loop; when the BMS detects that the monitored relevant parameters of the storage battery pack deviate from normal values, including that the discharge voltage set in the BMS is as low as 90% (2.88V), the corresponding BMS output active switching values (BMS 14, BMS24, BMS34, BMS44, … BMSn 4) switch on the storage battery abnormal state alarm acousto-optic loop.
Automatic control: the ship building code prescribes that the BMS monitors that the battery system should stop operating when the cell voltage is too high and the cell temperature is too high. The present invention sets when SOC is as low as 20% or discharge voltage is as low as 88% (2.81V) in BMS: ① The corresponding BMS output dynamic disconnection switching value cuts off a monitored storage battery pack main switch Guan Qianya tripping loop, when any one of BMS11, BMS21, BMS31, BMS41 and … BMSn1 is dynamically disconnected, the corresponding 1YU, 2YU, 3YU, 4YU and … nYU under-voltage tripping is carried out, the corresponding storage battery pack main switch is disconnected, and power supply to the direct current main busbar is stopped; ② The corresponding BMS output actuation switch values (BMS 15, BMS25, BMS35, BMS45, … BMSn) switch on the shutdown alarm circuit; ③ The corresponding BMS output switching value switches on the backup battery pack main switch switching circuit, and when any one of BMS12, BMS22, BMS32, BMS42 and … BMSn is operated, the corresponding backup battery pack main switch 1Q, 2Q, 3Q and 4Q, nQ is switched on to supply power to the direct current main busbar.
And (3) manual closing: in fig. 3, the switch-on buttons 12S, 22S, 32S, 42S, n S for switching on the remote control battery main switch are connected in parallel with the corresponding switch-on buttons 11S, 21S, 31S, 41S, n S in place, and when any switch-on button is pressed down, the corresponding battery main switch is connected to the direct current main bus bar for supplying power.
Manual brake separating: in fig. 3, remote control opening buttons 14S, 24S, 34S, 44S, n S for remote control of the battery main switch are connected in series with corresponding on-site opening buttons 13S, 23S, 33S, 43S, n S, any one of which is pressed, and corresponding battery main switch Guan Qianya is tripped to stop power supply to the direct current main bus.
The main switch switching control principle of the storage battery pack is as follows (taking the first group in fig. 3 as an example):
Pressing the closing button 11S or 12S, or BMSn S is automatically switched on, the intermediate relay 1K is sucked and self-protected, the moving contact of 1K is used for shorting all moving contact in the interlocking loops of 1Q and 2Q, 3Q and 4Q, nQ, the main switch 1Q is switched on and self-protected, the battery pack 1G is switched on to supply power to the direct current main busbar, the moving contact of 1Q is switched off to the 1K coil power supply, the moving contact of 1K is reset to be switched off, and 2Q, 3Q and 4Q, nQ are restored to be interlocked with 1Q.
When it is found that the BMS1 alarm 1G cannot continue to be supplied with power, the closing button 21S or 22S is pressed. If the battery pack 1G is not manually switched on, when the voltage of the battery pack 1G is reduced to 88% of the nominal voltage, the BMS12 is automatically switched on, the intermediate relay 2K is attracted and self-protected, the movable contact of the 2K shorts all movable breaking contacts in the interlocking loops of the 2Q and the 1Q, the 3Q and the 4Q, nQ, the main switch 2Q is switched on and self-protected, the battery pack 2G is switched on to supply power to the direct current main busbar, the movable breaking contact of the 2Q cuts off the 2K coil power supply, the movable contact of the 2K is reset to be disconnected, and the 1Q, the 3Q and the 4Q, nQ are restored to be interlocked with the 2Q.
When the BMS2 is found to alarm, and the 2G is not able to continue to supply power, the closing button 31S or 32S is pressed. If the switch is not manually closed, when the voltage of the 2G drops to 88% of the nominal voltage, the BMS22 is automatically closed, the intermediate relay 3K is sucked and self-protected, the movable contact of the 3K shorts all movable contacts in the interlocking loops of the 3Q and the 1Q, the 2Q and the 4Q, nQ, the main switch 3Q is closed and self-protected, the battery pack 3G is closed to supply power to the direct current main busbar, the movable contact of the 3Q cuts off the 3K coil power supply, the movable contact of the 3K is reset to be opened, and the 1Q, the 2Q and the 4Q, nQ are restored to be interlocked with the 3Q.
When the BMS3 is found to alarm, the 3G is not able to continue to supply power, the closing button 41S or 42S is pressed. If the switch is not manually closed, when the 3G voltage is reduced to 88% of the nominal voltage, the BMS32 is automatically switched on, the intermediate relay 4K is sucked and self-protected, the movable contact of the 4K shorts all the movable contacts in the interlocking loops of the 4Q and the 1Q, the 2Q and the 3Q, nQ, the main switch 4Q is switched on and self-protected, the battery pack 4G is switched on to supply power to the direct current main busbar, the movable contact of the 4Q cuts off the 4K coil power supply, the movable contact of the 4K is reset to be disconnected, and the 1Q, the 2Q and the 3Q, nQ are restored to be interlocked with the 4Q.
When the BMS4 alarms and 4G can not continue to supply power, the closing button n1S or n2S is pressed, if the closing button is not manually closed, when the 4G voltage is reduced to 88% of the nominal voltage, the BMS42 is automatically closed, the intermediate relay nK is sucked and self-protected, the moving contact of the nK is used for shorting all moving contact breaking contacts in the interlocking loops of the nQ and 1Q, 2Q, 3Q and 4Q, the main switch nQ is closed and self-protected, the battery pack nG is connected to supply power to the direct current main current collector, the moving contact of the nQ is used for cutting off the power supply of the nK coil, the moving contact of the nK is reset to be opened, and the 1Q, 2Q, 3Q and 4Q are restored to be interlocked with the nQ.
Pressing the on-site stop buttons 13S, 23S, 33S, 43S, … n3S or the remote control stop buttons 14S, 24S, 34S, 44S, … n4S respectively, or the BMS detects that a certain battery pack should stop running, the corresponding BMS dynamic-off switching values BMS11, BMS21, BMS31, BMS41, … BMSn1 cut off the power supply of the corresponding main switch under-voltage trip coils 1TU, 2YU, 3YU, 4YU, … nYU, the corresponding main switches 1Q, 2Q, 3Q, 4Q, … nQ are switched off, and the corresponding battery packs 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, … nG stop running.
If the on-site emergency shutdown button 1JS or the remote emergency shutdown button 2JS is pressed, each pack main switch is emergency shutdown.
The technical requirements and the capacities of the storage batteries of the main power supply of the electric ship are calculated as follows:
The nominal voltage of each battery pack should be the same as the nominal voltage of the DC main rail, for example DC652V in fig. 2. After the total capacity of the storage batteries required by the main power supply of the electric ship is determined, the total capacity of the required storage batteries can be divided into a plurality of groups according to the electric energy output by each group of storage batteries, the maximum current allowed by a charging plug connector, the feasibility of the installation of the storage batteries and other factors, the capacities of the storage batteries of each group can be unequal, but the relation between the electric energy output P G of the group of storage batteries with the minimum capacity and the transient maximum load power P m of the whole ship is as follows: p G≥1.35Pm, otherwise, a super capacitor is arranged to ensure the stability of the main power supply; in addition, the average discharge rate of a group of batteries with the smallest capacity is preferably not more than 0.35C, so that the service life of the batteries is prolonged.
The invention has the following technical effects:
⑴ The method can meet the related requirements of CCS ship building specifications on the adoption of storage batteries for the main power supply.
⑵ The switching is convenient. The method for switching the storage battery pack of the main power supply of the electric ship is quite convenient, and when the residual electricity or the output voltage of the storage battery pack which is being supplied is found to be low to a set value, the standby storage battery pack is immediately manually or automatically switched into power supply, and the storage battery pack which cannot continue to operate is withdrawn.
⑶ The switching is quick. CCS vessel construction specifications specify: under the condition that a main power supply fails, the emergency generator set can be automatically started and automatically put into a power grid for power supply. The whole process of automatic starting and automatic power supply of the emergency generator set is not more than 30s, and when the ship power station is required to have emergency power supply performance, the whole process of emergency starting and power supply of the standby generator set is not more than 15 s.
⑷ Is safe and reliable. The storage batteries of the main power supply are divided into a plurality of groups, the storage batteries are not necessarily switched in sequence, any group can be switched on to supply power to the direct current main bus, in addition, each group of storage batteries is standby, each group of storage batteries independently supplies power to the direct current main bus, and the standby storage battery can not be influenced when any group of storage batteries fails; the control circuit for switching the storage battery pack only needs a small amount of hardware appliances, so that the switching of the battery pack can be manually completed, and meanwhile, the automatic switching of the battery pack can be realized by the BMS.
⑸ No pollution source. No device or control mode is arranged in the control circuit of the switching battery pack to generate harmonic waves.
⑹ And the maintenance is easy. The control circuit of the switching storage battery pack generally cannot fail, and is easy to repair in case of failure.
⑺ The cost is extremely low. Since the consistency of each group of voltages is not required to be regulated by a DC/DC converter, the cost is greatly reduced, and the automatic alarm and the automatic control are realized by the BMS without adding devices, and the cost is about one percent of that of the DC/DC converter.
⑻ The application is wide. In order to meet the requirements of electric power and endurance required by the electric ship, the capacity of the main power supply battery pack can be configured as required and divided into a plurality of battery packs.
⑼ And the charging is convenient. If the storage battery capacity is large, the section of the charging cable is correspondingly large, the operation is difficult, the shore power connector is a standard device, the rated current of the shore power connector cannot meet the requirement of overlarge storage battery capacity, the invention is not limited by the number of the storage battery groups, so that the storage batteries can be divided into a plurality of groups according to the rated current of the connector, and each group of storage batteries can be independently charged at the same time, and compared with the sequential charging time, the method has short charging time, and is more beneficial to the BMS and the charging device of each storage battery group to control the charging and discharging process in a matched manner.
In addition to the above embodiments, other embodiments of the present invention are possible, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The power supply and charging system is characterized in that the main power supply storage batteries are divided into n groups, n is equal to or greater than 2, the storage battery groups are respectively 1G-nG, the output ends of the storage batteries of each group are respectively connected with the respective segmented bus bars after being respectively subjected to short-circuit protection through fuses, and the segmented bus bars are mutually reserved; each group of storage batteries is respectively provided with a charger, the chargers are respectively 1U-nU, the direct current sides of the chargers are connected with the corresponding storage battery groups, the alternating current sides of the chargers are respectively provided with a flexible charging cable, one end of each cable is connected with the corresponding alternating current side of the charger, the other end of each cable is provided with a plug, and 3AC, 50Hz and 380V shore power sources are respectively plugged in through sockets in a charging power supply box; setting n main switches 1Q-nQ, wherein each segmented busbar is connected with the incoming line end of one main switch, and the outgoing line ends of the main switches 1Q-nQ are connected to the direct current busbar; the power supply device is provided with a frequency converter 11U and a frequency converter 12U which respectively control the electric propulsion 1 and the electric propulsion 2, and a frequency converter 13U which supplies power to other alternating current loads on a ship, wherein the incoming line sides of the frequency converter 11U, the frequency converter 12U and the frequency converter 13U are respectively connected with a direct current busbar through a fuse 5FU, a fuse 6FU and a fuse 7FU, and the outgoing line sides of the frequency converter 11U, the frequency converter 12U and the frequency converter 13U supply power to the electric propulsion 1, the electric propulsion 2 and other alternating current loads on the ship through a circuit breaker 5Q, a circuit breaker 6Q and a circuit breaker 7Q; the storage battery packs 1G-nG are respectively provided with battery management systems BMS 1-BMSn, and each BMS is in communication connection with the storage battery pack, the charger and the frequency converters 11U, 12U and 13U to which each BMS belongs;
The control power supply of the main switches 1Q-nQ of the storage battery pack is from the emergency DC24V power supply of the ship, the incoming line ends of the fuse FU1 and the fuse FU2 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the emergency DC24V power supply, the coil a end of the intermediate relay 1KA is connected with the outgoing line end of the fuse FU1, the coil b end of the intermediate relay 1KA is connected with the remote control emergency cut-off button 2JS in series, the on-site emergency cut-off button 1JS is connected with the outgoing line end of the fuse FU2, and the movable contact of the intermediate relay 1KA is connected with the audible and visual alarm loop;
The control circuit of the main switch iQ of the storage battery pack comprises an on-site switch-on button i1S, a remote control switch-on button i2S, an on-site switch-off button i3S, a remote control switch-off button i4S, an intermediate relay iK, moving contacts BMSi3, BMSi and BMSi5 output by BMSi output moving contacts BMSi1 and BMSi, a main switch under-voltage trip coil iYU, moving contacts BMSm output by a main switch-on relay iQ and BMSm, wherein i is 1-n, m=i-1, and m=n when i-1=0; the remote control switch-on button i2S, BMSi outputs a movable contact BMSi2, an on-site switch-on button i1S, a movable contact of an intermediate relay iK and a movable contact of a main switch-on relay iQ are connected in parallel to form a parallel circuit 1, an a end of the parallel circuit 1 is connected with an outlet end of a fuse FU1, a coil a end of the intermediate relay iK is connected with a b end of the parallel circuit 1, a coil b end of the intermediate relay iK is connected with a movable contact of the main switch-on relay iQ in series and then is connected with a coil b end of the intermediate relay 1KA, a coil a end of the main switch-on relay iQ is connected with a b end of the parallel circuit 1, a coil b end of the main switch-on relay iQ is connected with a coil b end of the intermediate relay 341 KA after being connected with movable contacts of all other main switch-on relays of other storage battery groups in series, two ends of the other pair of movable contacts of the intermediate relay 1KA are connected between a coil b end of the main switch-on relay iQ and a coil b end of the intermediate relay 1 under voltage, a coil b end of the on-off relay 32 is connected with another end of the intermediate relay 1 in series, and the other ends of the remote control switch-off relay 1 is connected with one end of the output coil 32 a relay 1 in series of the relay 1 in series; the BMSi output movable contact BMSi is connected to the low-electricity-quantity pre-alarm circuit of the storage battery, the BMSi output movable contact BMSi is connected to the abnormal-state alarm circuit of the storage battery, and the BMSi output movable contact BMSi5 is connected to the stop-operation alarm circuit of the storage battery;
The total capacity of the storage batteries is divided into a plurality of groups, the capacities of the storage batteries in each group can be equal or unequal, and the relation between the output electric energy P G of the storage battery with the smallest capacity and the transient maximum load power P m of the whole ship is as follows: p G≥1.35Pm, wherein the average discharge rate of a group of storage batteries with the minimum capacity is no more than 0.35C;
When the state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery pack is as low as 30%, the BMS sends out a pre-alarm signal to perform pre-alarm; when the discharge voltage is lower than 90% of the nominal voltage, an alarm signal is sent out to alarm; when the state of charge SOC of the battery pack is as low as 20% or the discharge voltage is as low as 88% of the nominal voltage, the battery main switch of the battery pack is turned off to stop supplying power to the direct current busbar, and the BMS automatically turns on a spare battery main switch of the battery pack to supply power to the direct current busbar.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910554440.4A CN110224482B (en) | 2019-06-25 | Independent power supply and charging system for electric ship main power supply and storage battery grouping |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910554440.4A CN110224482B (en) | 2019-06-25 | Independent power supply and charging system for electric ship main power supply and storage battery grouping |
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| CN110224482A CN110224482A (en) | 2019-09-10 |
| CN110224482B true CN110224482B (en) | 2024-06-04 |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2362517A2 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-08-31 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Power storage system |
| CN109217458A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-15 | 江苏中智海洋工程装备有限公司 | Electric ship mixing main power source system and control method |
| CN209896764U (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-01-03 | 江苏中智海洋工程装备有限公司 | Electric ship main power supply storage battery grouping independent power supply and charging system |
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2362517A2 (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-08-31 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Power storage system |
| CN109217458A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-01-15 | 江苏中智海洋工程装备有限公司 | Electric ship mixing main power source system and control method |
| CN209896764U (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-01-03 | 江苏中智海洋工程装备有限公司 | Electric ship main power supply storage battery grouping independent power supply and charging system |
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