CN110223794A - Two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes of one kind and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
Two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes of one kind and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
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- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes and its preparation method and application.Preparation method includes the following steps: (1) mixing graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine, catalyst is then added, reacts in protective gas atmosphere, obtains GO-DETA;(2) GO-DETA is dissolved, diglycolic anhydride is added, 24~48h is stirred under conditions of protecting atmosphere, filtering is collected solid product, is then dried in vacuo;(3) step (2) products therefrom is dissolved, freezes 24~36h, be then freeze-dried 36~48h.The material that the present invention is prepared has porous structure, and large specific surface area is conducive to improve the adsorbance and selectivity to uranium, is provided simultaneously with the features such as rate of adsorption is fast containing nitrogen, the elements such as oxygen and carboxyl and amide group is enriched.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the separation of radioactive element and beneficiation technologies field, and in particular to a kind of two sweet amide acid functionalizations
Three-dimensional grapheme and its preparation method and application.
Background technique
Uranium had both been important nuclear fuel and potential radioactive pollutant.From relating to, the uranium-bearing that uranium process flow generates is useless
Uranium is recycled in water, can make full use of limited uranium resource, meets the requirement of sustainable development.
A large amount of radioactive wastewater brings serious environmental problem, as the exploitation of uranium ore, nuclear fuel manufacture waste water, reaction
Post-processing waste water and reactor operation waste water of heap fuel etc..Radioactive wastewater is set with its height harm, long timeliness and difficulty
The features such as, the radiological hazard of Uranium in Waste Water, while effective recycling valuableness and limited uranium resource how are reduced,
As the problem for restricting Uranium industry sustainable development.Therefore, it is efficiently separated from different uranium containing water phase mediums, enriched uranium, to reality
Existing nuclear energy sustainable development and environmental protection all have highly important meaning.
Currently used method for separating and concentrating has chemical precipitation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, filtering, inverse osmosis and suction
Attached method etc., wherein absorption method has many advantages, such as that material source is extensive, low in cost, selectivity is high, rate is fast and capacity is big, at
For the most effective and most common method of separating enriched uranium from environment.Adsorbent can generally be divided into inorganic adsorbent, organic
Adsorbent and biological adsorption material three categories.There are clay, mesoporous macropore inorganic material, carbon for common inorganic attached dose of people in recent years
Sill etc., organic adsorbent have amidoxim class, chitosan, cellulose etc..
Wherein, carbon-based material is because its pore structure is abundant, radiation resistance, thermal stability, acid-proof and environmental-friendly etc.
Advantage becomes the hot spot of the area research.Graphene is in addition to many advantages with carbonaceous material, since its nano-scale makes this
Kind material for example than common carbonaceous material active carbon, hydro-thermal carbon etc. has bigger specific surface area and more surface atoms, such as: it uses
The graphene oxide (GO) of classical Hummer method preparation, surface are contained as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl and epoxy group etc. are a large amount of high
Active oxygen-containing functional group.Active site of these oxygen-containing functional groups as adsorption reaction, can be in the reaction process of absorption
It is combined well with heavy metal ion.Therefore, graphite oxide has preferable removal effect to heavy metal ion.And its surface
Be easy to be functionalized modification, the group (such as nitrogen, the functional group of amino) of introducing can reinforcing material surface hydrophily and material
The graphene-based material of porous three-dimensional can be obtained furthermore it is possible to dry by simple freezing with the physics chemical action of uranium ion,
Further increase the advantages that material is to uranium ion absorption property, thus before having wide application in terms of as adsorbent material
Scape.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency in the prior art, the present invention provide a kind of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes and its
Preparation method and application, the product being prepared have porous structure, and large specific surface area there is high adsorbance to become reconciled uranium
Selectivity, be provided simultaneously with the features such as reusability is good, and the rate of adsorption is fast.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of preparation method of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes, comprising the following steps:
(1) graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine are mixed, catalyst is then added, in protective gas atmosphere, in 70
~80 DEG C of 8~12h of reaction after being cooled to room temperature, are centrifuged and wash gained solid product, then 50~80 DEG C of vacuum drying, obtain
GO-DETA;
Wherein, the weight ratio of the graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine is 10:1~5:1;Catalyst and diethylenetriamine
Weight ratio be 1:2~1:1;
(2) GO-DETA is dissolved, after 2~5h of ultrasonic disperse, diglycolic anhydride is added in 60~90 DEG C and protects the item of atmosphere
24~48h is stirred under part, filtering collects solid product, then in 50~60 DEG C of 36~48h of vacuum drying;Wherein, the GO-
The weight ratio of DETA and diglycolic anhydride is 1:1~2:1;
(3) step (2) products therefrom is dissolved, it is dry after -5~0 DEG C of 24~36h of freezing, then in -50~-40 DEG C of freezings
Dry 36~48h.
Its synthesis process are as follows:
Further, in step (1) graphene oxide preparation process are as follows:
(1) natural graphite powder of 200~300 mesh is added into the concentrated sulfuric acid, adds phosphorus pentoxide and sodium sulphate, 80
It is cooled to room temperature, filters, and washed solid product to neutrality with deionized water after~100 DEG C of 6~10h of reflux, dry 20
~for 24 hours;Wherein, the weight ratio of the natural graphite powder, phosphorus pentoxide and sodium sulphate is 2~5:2~5:2~5;The dense sulphur
The concentration of natural graphite powder is 0.01~0.05g/mL in acid;
(2) graphite obtained after step (1) processing is added into -5~0 DEG C of the ice concentrated sulfuric acid, in the process of stirring
Middle addition potassium permanganate, and system temperature is controlled in potassium permanganate adition process less than 20 DEG C;Wherein, the potassium permanganate and stone
The weight ratio of ink is 2:1~5:1;The concentration of graphite is 15~35g/mL in the ice concentrated sulfuric acid;
(3) after continuing at 35~40 DEG C of 2~3h of stirring, add water and hydrogen peroxide, become yellowish-brown to solution, filter, be used in combination
Deionized water is washed solid product 2~3 times, then after adjusting its pH value to neutrality, 60~70 DEG C of dryings.
Further, hydrogen peroxide is the hydrogen peroxide that hydrogen peroxide mass fraction is 30%.
Further, the weight ratio of graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine is 6:1 in step (1);Catalyst and divinyl
The weight ratio of triamine is 1:2.
Further, catalyst includes 1- (3- dimethylamino-propyl) -3- ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride that weight ratio is 1:1
Salt and n-hydroxysuccinimide.
Further, GO-DETA is dissolved in n,N-dimethylacetamide in step (2), and it is 1~2mg/mL that concentration, which is made,
GO-DETA dispersion liquid.
Further, the weight ratio of GO-DETA and diglycolic anhydride is 1:1 in step (2).
The two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes that the above method is prepared.
The two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional grapheme is enhancing polymer composites, is preparing electrochemical material and suction
Application in attached dose.
The invention has the benefit that
1, the material that the present invention is prepared has porous structure, and large specific surface area contains and enriches nitrogen, the elements such as oxygen, with
And carboxyl and amide group, be conducive to improve the adsorbance and selectivity to uranium, it is good to be provided simultaneously with reusability, the rate of adsorption
The features such as fast.
2, the present invention has synthesized two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes for the first time, and materials synthesis is cheap, prepares
Journey is at low cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the XPS figure that GO-DGA adsorbs front and back uranium;
Fig. 2 is that influence of the pH value to GO-DGA adsorption uranium performance detects figure;
Fig. 3 is the absorption property detection figure of the GO-DGA that is prepared to different ions.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described below, in order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art this hair
It is bright, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the ranges of specific embodiment, for those skilled in the art,
As long as various change is in the spirit and scope of the present invention that the attached claims limit and determine, these variations are aobvious and easy
See, all are using the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the column of protection.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes, comprising the following steps:
(1) natural graphite powder that 2g partial size is 300 mesh is added to 200mL, in the sulfuric acid that concentration is 98%, be added simultaneously
2g phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and 2g sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), it is cooled to room temperature after reflux 6h at 80 DEG C, it is dilute with pure water later
It releases, filters, and be washed with deionized water to neutrality, then dry in air for 24 hours;
(2) the 2g graphite obtained through step (1) pre-oxidation is added in the 45mL ice concentrated sulfuric acid, is gradually added under stiring
6g KMnO4(solution temperature is no more than 20 DEG C during this);
(3) after then stirring 2h at 35 DEG C, 90mL pure water is added;Continuously add 280mL water and 5mL 30%H2O2, to
Solution becomes yellowish-brown, reaction terminating, filtering, washes and is centrifuged gained solid product 2-3 times, then dialyses to pH neutrality, and 60 DEG C
After drying, graphene oxide (GO) is obtained;
(4) graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine (DETA) are mixed, catalyst is then added, in nitrogen atmosphere, in
70 DEG C of reaction 8h after being cooled to room temperature, are centrifuged and wash gained solid product, then 50 DEG C of vacuum drying, obtain GO-DETA;
Wherein, the weight ratio of graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine is 10:1;The weight ratio of catalyst and diethylenetriamine
For 1:2;Catalyst includes 1- (3- the dimethylamino-propyl) -3- ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride and N- hydroxyl that weight ratio is 1:1
Succinimide;
(5) GO-DETA for weighing 200mg, which is placed in n,N-dimethylacetamide solvent, to be dissolved, at room temperature, ultrasonic disperse two
Hour, the GO-DETA dispersion liquid that concentration is 1mg/mL is prepared;GO-DETA dispersion liquid is added in 200mg diglycolic anhydride again
In, (nitrogen atmosphere) magnetic agitation is for 24 hours at 60 DEG C;Filtering, clean solid product 3 times or more with ethyl alcohol, removing impurity after
Dry 36h, can be obtained the GO-DETA, i.e. GO-DGA of diglycolic anhydride (DGA) grafting under 50 DEG C of vacuum;
(6) the GO-DGA dispersing and dissolving of 200mg is weighed in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent, as freezing in 0 DEG C of refrigerator
For 24 hours, then again in -50 DEG C of freeze-drying 36h until its formation cylindricality aeroge, it is three-dimensional to can be obtained two sweet amide acid functionalizations
Graphene.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes, comprising the following steps:
(1) natural graphite powder that 5g partial size is 200 mesh is added to 200mL, in the sulfuric acid that concentration is 98%, be added simultaneously
5g phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and 5g sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), it is cooled to room temperature after reflux 10h at 100 DEG C, it is dilute with pure water later
It releases, filters, and be washed with deionized water to neutrality, then dry in air for 24 hours;
(2) the 3g graphite obtained through step (1) pre-oxidation is added in the 70mL ice concentrated sulfuric acid, is gradually added under stiring
9g KMnO4(solution temperature is no more than 20 DEG C during this);
(3) after then stirring 3h at 35 DEG C, 120mL pure water is added;Continuously add 400mL water and 10mL 30%H2O2,
Becoming yellowish-brown to solution, reaction terminating, filtering washes and is centrifuged gained solid product 2-3 times, then dialyses to pH neutrality, and 60
After DEG C dry, graphene oxide (GO) is obtained;
(4) graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine (DETA) are mixed, catalyst is then added, in nitrogen atmosphere, in
80 DEG C of reaction 12h after being cooled to room temperature, are centrifuged and wash gained solid product, then 80 DEG C of vacuum drying, obtain GO-DETA;
Wherein, the weight ratio of graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine is 5:1;The weight ratio of catalyst and diethylenetriamine is
1:1;Catalyst includes 1- (3- the dimethylamino-propyl) -3- ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride and N- hydroxyl amber that weight ratio is 1:1
Amber acid imide;
(5) GO-DETA for weighing 100mg, which is placed in n,N-dimethylacetamide solvent, to be dissolved, at room temperature, ultrasonic disperse two
Hour, the GO-DETA dispersion liquid that concentration is 2mg/mL is prepared;GO-DETA dispersion liquid is added in 100mg diglycolic anhydride again
In, (nitrogen atmosphere) the magnetic agitation 48h at 90 DEG C;Filtering, is cleaned solid product 3~5 times or more with ethyl alcohol, after removing impurity
Dry 48h, can be obtained the GO-DETA, i.e. GO-DGA of diglycolic anhydride (DGA) grafting under 60 DEG C of vacuum;
(6) the GO-DGA dispersing and dissolving of 500mg is weighed in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent, as cold in -5 DEG C of refrigerator
Freeze 36h, then again in -40 DEG C of 36~48h of freeze-drying until its formation cylindricality aeroge, can be obtained two sweet amide acid functions
Change three-dimensional grapheme.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes, comprising the following steps:
(1) natural graphite powder that 3g partial size is 300 mesh is added to 140mL, in the sulfuric acid that concentration is 98%, be added simultaneously
3g phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and 2g sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), it is cooled to room temperature after reflux 8h at 90 DEG C, it is dilute with pure water later
It releases, filters, and be washed with deionized water to neutrality, then dry in air for 24 hours;
(2) the 2g graphite obtained through step (1) pre-oxidation is added in the 60mL ice concentrated sulfuric acid, is gradually added under stiring
8g KMnO4(solution temperature is no more than 20 DEG C during this);
(3) after then stirring 3h at 35 DEG C, 100mL pure water is added;Continuously add 350mL water and 8mL 30%H2O2, to
Solution becomes yellowish-brown, reaction terminating, filtering, washes and is centrifuged gained solid product 2-3 times, then dialyses to pH neutrality, and 60 DEG C
After drying, graphene oxide (GO) is obtained;
(4) graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine (DETA) are mixed, catalyst is then added, in nitrogen atmosphere, in
76 DEG C of reaction 10h after being cooled to room temperature, are centrifuged and wash gained solid product, then 60 DEG C of vacuum drying, obtain GO-DETA;
Wherein, the weight ratio of graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine is 6:1;The weight ratio of catalyst and diethylenetriamine is
61:1;Catalyst includes 1- (3- the dimethylamino-propyl) -3- ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride and N- hydroxyl amber that weight ratio is 1:1
Amber acid imide;
(5) GO-DETA for weighing 300mg, which is placed in n,N-dimethylacetamide solvent, to be dissolved, at room temperature, ultrasonic disperse two
Hour, the GO-DETA dispersion liquid that concentration is 2mg/mL is prepared;GO-DETA dispersion liquid is added in 300mg diglycolic anhydride again
In, (nitrogen atmosphere) the magnetic agitation 30h at 80 DEG C;Filtering, is cleaned solid product 3~5 times or more with ethyl alcohol, after removing impurity
Dry 42h, can be obtained the GO-DETA, i.e. GO-DGA of diglycolic anhydride (DGA) grafting under 54 DEG C of vacuum;
(6) the GO-DGA dispersing and dissolving of 350mg is weighed in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent, as cold in -3 DEG C of refrigerator
Freeze 28h, then again in -44 DEG C of freeze-drying 30h until its formation cylindricality aeroge, can be obtained two sweet amide acid functionalizations three
Tie up graphene.
Embodiment 4
It is in conical flask, the uranium-bearing is water-soluble to measure uranium ion (VI) solution that 50~100mL concentration is 50~80mg/L
The pH value of liquid is adjusted to 2.5~8.0, and the adsorbent that then addition 5~10mg embodiment 3 is prepared is (i.e. with two sweet amic acids
Adsorbent of the functionalization three-dimensional grapheme as main composition);Conical flask is placed in constant temperature oscillator, 150~
120~240min is shaken under the speed of 200r/min, then adsorbs 180~240min to saturation at 10~50 DEG C;Finally use
0.45 μm of filter membrane is filtered the mixed liquor in conical flask, and measures absorbance using arsenazo III method, before analysis absorption
Afterwards in solution uranium concentration (C0, Ce), the adsorbance (Qe) of uranium is calculated, calculation formula is as follows:
C0: uranium (VI) ion concentration (mg/L) before absorption;Ce: uranium (VI) ion concentration (mg/L) in filtrate,
V: the volume (mL) of solution, m: the quality (mg) of adsorbent, Qe: adsorbance (mg/g) when balance.
And the GO-DGA that the embodiment of the present invention 3 is prepared is adsorbed the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy detection of front and back uranium,
The result is shown in Figure 1.
As shown in Figure 1, occur C1s, N1s in GO-DGA figure before absorption, O1s illustrates that this substance contains carbon, nitrogen, three kinds of oxygen
There is new peak U4f after adsorbing U in element, illustrates that the substance has the performance of absorption U.
Embodiment 5
Detect influence of the pH value of solution to adsorption uranium (VI)
The uranium-bearing aqueous solution 50mL that concentration is 60mg/L is measured first, using the HNO of 10mol/L3Solution and 5mol/L's
The Na of NaOH, 5mol/L2CO3PH value is adjusted to 2.5~7.5 by solution, and adsorbent (GO- prepared by embodiment 3 is then added
DGA) 20mg shakes 180min under the speed of 200r/min later, finally adsorbs 180min at 25 DEG C and reaches to adsorbance
Saturation, testing result are shown in Fig. 2.
As shown in Fig. 2, in pH=6.0, the saturated adsorption capacity 93.75mg/g, three-dimensional GO- to uranium of three-dimensional grapheme
DGA adsorption capacity is up to 190.05mg/g, is twice or more of no functionalization GO.
Embodiment 6
Adsorptive selectivity detection
Prepare the uranium-bearing aqueous solution 50mL that two parts of concentration are 50mg/L, every part of equal eight kinds of competing ions containing 10mg/L
(NaTen、KTen、Mg20、Zn20、Ni20、Mn20、Sr20) and UO2 20Ion, the pH value of uranium aqueous solution are 6.0, a thereto to be added
20mg three-dimensional graphene oxide, another is added three-dimensional GO-DGA nanocomposite prepared by 20mg embodiment 3, is respectively put into
Constant temperature oscillation 3 hours, the removal amount of each heavy metal ion was as shown in Figure 3.
As shown in figure 3, three-dimensional graphene oxide does not select the absorption of metal ion in the case that metal ion coexists
Selecting property, and three-dimensional GO-DGA nanocomposite is very strong to the selective adsorption capacity of uranyl ion.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes, which comprises the following steps:
(1) graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine are mixed, catalyst is then added, in protective gas atmosphere, in 70~80
DEG C reaction 8~12h, after being cooled to room temperature, be centrifuged and wash gained solid product, then 50~80 DEG C vacuum drying, obtain GO-
DETA;
Wherein, the weight ratio of the graphene oxide and diethylenetriamine is 10:1~5:1;The weight of catalyst and diethylenetriamine
Amount is than being 1:2~1:1;
(2) GO-DETA is dissolved, after 2~5h of ultrasonic disperse, diglycolic anhydride is added, in 60~90 DEG C, under conditions of protection atmosphere
24~48h is stirred, filtering collects solid product, then in 50~60 DEG C of 36~48h of vacuum drying;Wherein, the GO-DETA
Weight ratio with diglycolic anhydride is 1:1~2:1;
(3) step (2) products therefrom is dissolved, is freeze-dried 36 after -5~0 DEG C of 24~36h of freezing, then at -50~-40 DEG C
~48h.
2. the preparation method of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional grapheme according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(1) preparation process of graphene oxide described in are as follows:
(1) natural graphite powder of 200~300 mesh is added into the concentrated sulfuric acid, adds phosphorus pentoxide and sodium sulphate, 80~
It is cooled to room temperature, filters, and washed solid product to neutrality with deionized water after 100 DEG C of 6~10h of reflux, dry 20~
24h;Wherein, the weight ratio of the natural graphite powder, phosphorus pentoxide and sodium sulphate is 2~5:2~5:2~5;The concentrated sulfuric acid
The concentration of middle natural graphite powder is 0.01~0.05g/mL;
(2) graphite obtained after step (1) processing is added into -5~0 DEG C of the ice concentrated sulfuric acid, is added during stirring
Enter potassium permanganate, and controls in potassium permanganate adition process system temperature less than 20 DEG C;Wherein, the potassium permanganate and graphite
Weight ratio is 2:1~5:1;The concentration of graphite is 15~35g/mL in the ice concentrated sulfuric acid;
(3) after continuing at 35~40 DEG C of 2~3h of stirring, add water and hydrogen peroxide, become yellowish-brown to solution, filter, and spend from
Sub- water washing solid product 2~3 times, then after adjusting its pH value to neutrality, 60~70 DEG C of dryings.
3. the preparation method of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional grapheme according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described
Hydrogen peroxide is the hydrogen peroxide that hydrogen peroxide mass fraction is 30%.
4. the preparation method of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional grapheme according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(1) weight ratio of graphene oxide described in and diethylenetriamine is 6:1;The weight ratio of the catalyst and diethylenetriamine is
1:2。
5. the preparation method of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional grapheme according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that
The catalyst includes 1- (3- the dimethylamino-propyl) -3- ethyl-carbodiimide hydrochloride and N- hydroxyl amber that weight ratio is 1:1
Amber acid imide.
6. the preparation method of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional grapheme according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(2) GO-DETA described in is dissolved in n,N-dimethylacetamide, and the GO-DETA dispersion liquid that concentration is 1~2mg/mL is made.
7. the preparation method of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional grapheme according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(2) weight ratio of GO-DETA described in and diglycolic anhydride is 1:1.
8. two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes being prepared using any one of claim 1~7 the method.
9. a kind of two sweet amide acid functionalization three-dimensional graphemes are enhancing polymer composites, are preparing electrochemical material and suction
Application in attached dose.
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