CN110222352B - Annulus pressure monitoring method for preventing sand setting stuck drill - Google Patents
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013486 operation strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
An annular pressure monitoring method for preventing sand setting stuck drilling belongs to the technical field of drilling abnormality monitoring in petroleum exploration logging engineering, and relates to an annular pressure monitoring method for preventing sand setting stuck drilling, which is also suitable for other excavation industries such as geothermal industry, coal bed methane and the like. The invention provides an annular pressure monitoring method for preventing sand setting stuck in a horizontal well of shale gas, which aims to prevent sand setting stuck in the horizontal well of shale gas, and aims to solve the problems of the number of falling blocks and annular distribution after settling in the period of stopping pumps, combine the construction process of cleaning a well hole by drilling an upright post in the drilling process, and by defining an annular pressure monitoring window of stopping pumps, the annular pressure values of the degree of influence of the number of falling blocks and the annular distribution of the falling blocks on annular gaps in the period of stopping pumps can be reflected in the collecting window, annular pressure changes in different windows are monitored according to time sequences, the number of pulling strokes and the circulation time are determined according to the change trend of the annular pressure changes, and the blocks are timely removed, so that the sand setting stuck is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of monitoring of drilling anomalies in petroleum exploration logging engineering, and relates to an annular pressure monitoring method for preventing sand setting stuck drilling, which is also suitable for other excavation industries such as geothermal industry, coalbed methane and the like.
Background
Along with the continuous deep development of shale gas exploration, the shale gas horizontal well technology is applied in a large scale, in order to improve the single well yield of the shale gas horizontal well as much as possible, a drill bit is required to pass through a favorable target box body with higher permeability or a shale crack development zone with reformable conditions as much as possible in the horizontal well drilling process, and the length of a sufficient horizontal section is ensured. However, shale gas is favorable for the multi-development natural microcracks of target box strata, the characteristics of hard brittleness and poor stratum stability are presented, the well wall is easy to peel off to generate a falling block in the drilling process, if the falling block cannot be timely removed from annulus circulation, the drilling sticking accident can be caused, and therefore the problem that the drilling risk is identified in the stratum where the well wall is easy to peel off is needed to be solved on the premise that the single well yield is required to be maximized in the shale gas horizontal well drilling.
Through collecting and arranging 76 well drilling data of the Sichuan far shale gas block, 34 drilling sticking accidents occur, the loss time of the drilling sticking accidents is 14% through cyclic reaming treatment, 21 drilling time is seriously influenced by sticking, well filling or early drilling completion, and the drilling cost is increased. According to the method, a well with a stuck drilling accident is analyzed, the fact that the stuck drilling accident mostly occurs in the lifting period after the drilling is started or stopped or the upright post is connected, most stuck points are at the position of the centralizer and the drill bit, normal circulation can be achieved, the drilling tool is smoothly lowered, lifting is difficult, the reason is that the upper stratum is peeled off to generate a falling block, the falling block is settled at the narrow position of an annular space gap due to the fact that drilling fluid loses carrying capacity and suspending capacity is insufficient after the pump is stopped, and sand setting stuck drilling occurs due to the fact that the falling block is in hard contact with the drilling tool and the well wall when the drilling tool is lifted.
The reason why the upper strata are peeled off to generate the chipping is that pressure fluctuation generated by lifting and lowering the drilling tool during the tripping or vertical column connection of the hard and brittle shale strata, existence of additional bottom hole pressure caused by circulating pressure during the pumping on and off, variation of difference value between bottom hole pressure and stratum collapse pressure and mechanical collision of drilling tool movement to the hard and brittle shale strata are caused. Therefore, the key for preventing the sand setting stuck drill of the shale gas drilling well is to monitor the number of the well wall spalling blocks during the pump stopping period and the distribution condition of the well wall spalling blocks in an annular space formed by the drilling tool and the well wall after the pump stopping.
At present, the severity of the peeling block of the well wall cannot be directly measured, but the underground parameter acquisition technology is mature in development, underground annular pressure data can be successfully acquired while drilling, and the underground annular pressure data can be transmitted to the ground in real time. Because the number of the annular drop blocks and the distribution condition of the annular affect the annular pressure, the representing relation between the annular pressure data while drilling and the severity of the drop blocks peeled off from the well wall during the pump stopping period can be established, and the sand setting and stuck drilling accident prevention of the shale gas drilling is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an annular pressure monitoring method for preventing sand setting stuck, which aims to prevent sand setting stuck in shale gas horizontal well drilling, and aims to timely remove blocks from the angles of the number of blocks falling during the pump stopping and the annular distribution situation after sedimentation, and avoid sand setting stuck by combining the construction process of cleaning a well by drilling an upright post in the drilling process, by defining an annular pressure monitoring window of the pump stopping, collecting annular pressure values of the degree of influence of the number of blocks falling during the pump stopping and the annular distribution on the annular gap in the window, monitoring annular pressure changes in different windows according to time sequences, and adopting the decision of the number of drawing strokes and the circulation time according to the change trend of the annular pressure values.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an annular pressure monitoring method for preventing sand setting stuck drilling, which comprises the following steps:
step one, utilizing an annular pressure monitoring window to represent the change relation of equivalent drilling fluid density on a time axis within a certain time, and determining the minimum pump pressure P min Maximum off pump pressure P max Average off-pump pressure P ave Pump stop and on state, pump stop time T;
step two, according to the step one, an annulus pressure monitoring window ((P) can be obtained min ,P max ),(T off ,T on ))，P max -P min Representing window height, T on -T off Representing window width;
the annulus pressure monitoring window is determined by the number of lost blocks window ((P) min ,P ave ),(T off ,T ave ) Block-down distribution window ((P) ave ,P max ),(T ave ,T max ) Two sub-windows, P ave -P min Can indicate the number of annular drop blocks during the pump stopping period, P max –P ave Can indicate the annular space block dropping distribution condition during the pump stopping period according to P ave -P min And P max –P ave Sand setting card capable of evaluating data change relationDrilling risks.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the minimum off-pump pressure P min : annular pressure value (P) at suction pressure due to upward axial movement of the drill during tripping and landing min ，T min )，T min For minimum off pump pressure P min The moment of time;
maximum off-pump pressure P max : annulus pressure value (P) measured when the activation pressure is caused by the recovery of drilling fluid max ，T max ) Occurs from the moment of stopping the pump to the moment of starting the pump, T max For maximum off pump pressure P max The moment of time;
average off-pump pressure P ave : average value (P) of annular pressure measured during stationary stabilization of drilling tool during pump-down ave ，T ave )，T ave For average off-pump pressure P ave The moment of time;
pump stop and pump on status: measuring the water hole pressure in the drilling tool to be P i The measured annulus pressure is P a When P i ＝P a Judging the state of stopping the pump when P i >P a When judging that the pump is on, when P i <P a Judging that the pressure is abnormal;
pump down time T: according to the pump stopping and starting states, judging the pump stopping time T off Until the next pump-on time T on ，T on -T off The pump stop time T.
As another preferable mode of the invention, in the second step, when P ave -P min And P max –P ave Meanwhile, an increasing trend is shown, the number of the annular drop blocks is large, the size of the annular drop blocks is large, the influence on the annular gap is serious during the pump stopping period, and the sand setting and drill sticking risk is high;
when P ave -P min A decreasing trend occurs, and P max –P ave The increasing trend shows that although the number of the annular drop blocks is small, the size of the annular drop blocks is larger, the influence on the annular gap during the pump stopping period is larger, and the sand setting and drill sticking risk is higher;
when P ave -P min Trend to increase, P max –P ave The reduction trend shows that the number of the annular drop blocks is large, but the size of the annular drop blocks is smaller, the influence on the annular gap during the pump stopping period is smaller, and the sand setting and drill sticking risk is lower;
when P ave -P min And P max –P ave Meanwhile, the reduction trend is that the number of annular drop blocks is small, the annular gap is not reduced during the pump stopping period, and the sand setting and drill sticking risk is low.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects.
The invention provides the field of sand setting stuck drill by using an annulus pressure monitoring technology, provides an annulus pressure window capturing method, establishes an annulus pressure data and sand setting stuck drill risk representation scientific evaluation method, realizes sand setting stuck drill risk monitoring and evaluation from two aspects of the number of annulus cuttings and the distribution of the annulus cuttings in the period of stopping a pump, and is beneficial to preventing the occurrence of drilling stuck drill accidents of a shale gas horizontal well.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an annulus pressure monitoring window during a pump down of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the annulus pressure monitoring method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention designs a method for monitoring the annular pressure while drilling, which has the technical core of capturing an annular pressure monitoring window and evaluating the risk of sand setting and stuck drilling.
1. Annulus pressure monitoring window capture: the annular pressure measured in the pump stopping state is related to the drilling fluid density, wellhead back pressure and the annular block (or drill cuttings) quantity, so that when the drilling fluid density and wellhead back pressure are unchanged, the annular pressure measured in the pump stopping state can directly reflect the annular block quantity; the magnitude of the annulus pressure measured at the moment of stopping the pump to starting the pump is related to the structural force of the drilling fluid, the back pressure of the wellhead and the force for re-suspending the settled falling blocks, while the force required for re-suspending the settled falling blocks is related to the distribution of the falling blocks in the annulus (the annulus clearance is affected), so that the magnitude of the annulus pressure measured at the moment of stopping the pump to starting the pump can directly reflect the distribution of the falling blocks in the annulus when the structural force of the drilling fluid and the back pressure of the wellhead are unchanged. By defining an annulus pressure monitoring window, the annulus pressure measured during pump down can be compared in time series, and the influence degree of the falling blocks on sand setting stuck drill can be represented. In order to facilitate field engineering application, the annulus pressure is converted into equivalent drilling fluid density, so that the annulus pressure monitoring window represents the change relation of the equivalent drilling fluid density on a time axis within a certain time, and the method for determining the annulus pressure monitoring window is to determine the minimum pump closing pressure, the maximum pump closing pressure, the average pump closing pressure, the pump stopping and opening state and the pump stopping time.
1.1 minimum off pump pressure P min : annular pressure value (P) at suction pressure due to upward axial movement of the drill during tripping and landing of the string during pump down min ，T min )，T min For minimum off pump pressure P min At the moment.
1.2 maximum off pump pressure P max : annulus pressure value (P) measured when the activation pressure is caused by the recovery of drilling fluid max ，T max ) Occurs from the moment of stopping the pump to the moment of starting the pump, T max For maximum off pump pressure P max At the moment.
1.3 average off-pump pressure P ave : average value (P) of annular pressure measured during stationary stabilization of drilling tool during pump-down ave ，T ave )，T ave For average off-pump pressure P ave At the moment.
1.4 pump stop and pump on status: measuring the water hole pressure in the drilling tool to be P i The measured annulus pressure is P a When P i ＝P a Judging the state of stopping the pump when P i >P a When judging that the pump is on, when P i <P a And judging that the pressure is abnormal.
1.5 pump down time T: according to the method of stopping and starting the pump in 1.4, the pump stopping time T is judged off Until the next pump-on time T on Then T on -T off The pump stop time T.
2. Sand setting stuck drill risk evaluation: according to the above determination method, an annulus pressure monitoring window ((P) can be derived min ,P max ),(T off ,T on ))，P max -P min Representing window height, T on -T off Representing the window width. The annulus pressure monitoring window is determined by the number of lost blocks window ((P) min ,P ave ),(T off ,T ave ) Block-down distribution window ((P) ave ,P max ),(T ave ,T max ) Two sub-windows, P ave -P min Can indicate the number of annular drop blocks during the pump stopping period, P max –P ave Can indicate the annular space block dropping distribution condition during the pump stopping period according to P ave -P min And P max –P ave The data change relationship can evaluate the sand setting stuck drill risk.
2.1 when P ave -P min And P max –P ave Meanwhile, the increasing trend shows that the number of the annular drop blocks is large, the size of the annular drop blocks is large, the influence on the annular gap is serious during the pump stopping period, and the sand setting and drill sticking risk is high.
2.2 when P ave -P min A decreasing trend occurs, and P max –P ave The increasing trend shows that although the number of the annular drop blocks is small, the size of the annular drop blocks is larger, the influence on the annular gap during the pump stopping period is larger, and the sand setting and drill sticking risk is higher;
2.3 when P ave -P min Trend to increase, P max –P ave The reduction trend shows that the number of the annular drop blocks is large, but the size of the annular drop blocks is smaller, the influence on the annular gap during the pump stopping period is smaller, and the sand setting and drill sticking risk is lower;
2.4 when P ave -P min And P max –P ave Meanwhile, the reduction trend is that the number of annular drop blocks is small, the annular gap is not reduced during the pump stopping period, and the sand setting and drill sticking risk is low.
A specific embodiment is provided.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a graph showing the relationship between annular pressure measurement data and time in a single process is shown, wherein the abscissa in the graph shows time, the ordinate shows an annular pressure value expressed by density, the large rectangular frame is an annular pressure monitoring window, the right star on the graph shows maximum off-pump pressure, the left star shows minimum off-pump pressure, the middle star shows average off-pump pressure after average, and the specific annular pressure monitoring method comprises the following steps:
1. reading annulus pressure and drilling tool water hole measurement data, firstly judging the relationship between the annulus pressure and the drilling tool water eye pressure to identify the pump stopping and closing states, slowly reducing the annulus pressure change characteristic from the pump starting to the pump stopping until the annulus pressure is equal to the drilling tool water hole pressure, and recording the moment T 1 As the left boundary of the window, the annular pressure change characteristic from stopping to starting is gradually increased to the maximum value, gradually decreased to and tends to be stable, and the stable moment T is recorded 2 As a window right boundary;
2. between the left and right boundaries of the window, the minimum annular pressure value (P) is found by comparing the magnitude relationship between the data min， T min )，P min As window lower boundary P 1 Find out the maximum annular pressure value (P max， T max )，P max As window upper boundary P 2 At T min And T max Taking the average value of 5 annular pressure data as the average annular pressure value (P) during the period of stable data annular pressure data change ave， T ave )；
3. Calculation of P ave -P min Value P d For monitoring the number of the falling blocks in the annular space and calculating P max –P ave Value P s The method is used for monitoring the distribution condition of the falling blocks in the annular space; repeating the steps for the measured annular pressure data to obtain the whole single joint process P d And P s Values, plotted as P on a time axis d And P s The curves are monitored in real time;
4. defining four grades of sand setting stuck drill risk grade, namely high, low and low respectively, if P d and P s Curvemeanwhile, the risk level of sand setting stuck drill is high; if P d Curve decrease, P s The curve is increased, and the sand setting stuck drill risk level is indicated to be higher; if P d Curve is increased, P s The curve is reduced, and the sand setting stuck drill risk level is prompted to be low; if P d And P s The curve is reduced simultaneously, and the sand setting stuck drill risk level is indicated to be lower. In the actual construction process of the site, a borehole cleaning operation strategy is formulated according to the risk prompt grade, so that sand setting and drill sticking are prevented.
It should be understood that the foregoing detailed description of the present invention is provided for illustration only and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention may be modified or substituted for the same technical effects; as long as the use requirement is met, the invention is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. An annular pressure monitoring method for preventing sand setting stuck drilling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, utilizing an annular pressure monitoring window to represent the change relation of equivalent drilling fluid density on a time axis within a certain time, and determining the minimum pump pressure P min Maximum off pump pressure P max Average off-pump pressure P ave Pump stop and on state, pump stop time T;
wherein the minimum off pump pressure P min : annular pressure value (P) at suction pressure due to upward axial movement of the drill during tripping and landing min ，T min )，T min For minimum off pump pressure P min The moment of time;
maximum off-pump pressure P max : annulus pressure value (P) measured when the activation pressure is caused by the recovery of drilling fluid max ，T max ) Occurs from the moment of stopping the pump to the moment of starting the pump, T max For maximum off pump pressure P max The moment of time;
average off-pump pressure P ave : average value (P) of annular pressure measured during stationary stabilization of drilling tool during pump-down ave ，T ave )，T ave For average off-pump pressure P ave The moment of time;
pump stop and pump on status: measuring the water hole pressure in the drilling tool to be P i The measured annulus pressure is P a When P i ＝P a Judging the state of stopping the pump when P i >P a When judging that the pump is on, when P i <P a Judging that the pressure is abnormal;
pump down time T: according to the pump stopping and starting states, judging the pump stopping time T off Until the next pump-on time T on ，T on -T off The pump stopping time T is the time of stopping the pump;
step two, according to the step one, obtaining an annulus pressure monitoring window ((P) min ,P max ),(T off ,T on ))，P max -P min Representing window height, T on -T off Representing window width;
the annulus pressure monitoring window is determined by the number of lost blocks window ((P) min ,P ave ),(T off ,T ave ) Block-down distribution window ((P) ave ,P max ),(T ave ,T max ) Two sub-windows, P ave -P min Indicating the number of annular falling blocks during pump stopping period, P max –P ave Indicating the annular space block dropping distribution condition during the pump stopping period, when P ave -P min And P max –P ave Meanwhile, an increasing trend is shown, the number of the annular drop blocks is large, the size of the annular drop blocks is large, the influence on the annular gap is serious during the pump stopping period, and the sand setting and drill sticking risk is high;
when P ave -P min A decreasing trend occurs, and P max –P ave The increasing trend shows that although the number of the annular drop blocks is small, the size of the annular drop blocks is larger, the influence on the annular gap during the pump stopping period is larger, and the sand setting and drill sticking risk is higher;
when P ave -P min Trend to increase, P max –P ave The reduction trend shows that the number of the annular drop blocks is large, but the size of the annular drop blocks is smaller, and the annular drop blocks are distributed in the period of stopping the pumpThe clearance influence is small, and the sand setting stuck drill risk is low;
when P ave -P min And P max –P ave Meanwhile, the reduction trend is that the number of annular drop blocks is small, the annular gap is not reduced during the pump stopping period, and the sand setting and drill sticking risk is low.
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| CN116066063A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2023-05-05 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Drilling tool vibration signal analysis system and method |
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| CN104806226A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-29 | 北京四利通控制技术股份有限公司 | Intelligent drilling expert system |
| CN105672992A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-06-15 | 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 | Method for achieving annulus pressure measurement in whole drilling process |
| CN105781530A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-07-20 | 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 | Method for measuring whole-process annular pressure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105672992A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-06-15 | 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 | Method for achieving annulus pressure measurement in whole drilling process |
| CN105781530A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-07-20 | 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 | Method for measuring whole-process annular pressure |
| CN104806226A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-29 | 北京四利通控制技术股份有限公司 | Intelligent drilling expert system |
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