CN110221259B - Calibration method for meteorological radar echo intensity - Google Patents

Calibration method for meteorological radar echo intensity Download PDF

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CN110221259B
CN110221259B CN201910456509.XA CN201910456509A CN110221259B CN 110221259 B CN110221259 B CN 110221259B CN 201910456509 A CN201910456509 A CN 201910456509A CN 110221259 B CN110221259 B CN 110221259B
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张晓飞
姚文洋
屈凯峰
吴晓燕
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Sun Create Electronics Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a calibration method for meteorological radar echo intensity, which comprises the steps of firstly measuring system parameter values, wherein the system parameter values comprise a system noise bottom and a system gain; calculating the system sensitivity according to system parameter values, namely the system noise bottom and the system gain; and finally, the terminal processing unit performs calibration calculation on the intensity of the echo signal, namely the echo intensity according to the signal-to-noise ratio and the sensitivity of the system to obtain the calibrated echo intensity. The method can be used for calibrating and calculating the echo intensity by measuring the system parameter value under the condition that the gain of the receiver is unstable or the loss of the meteorological radar with various wave bands and systems is changed, so that the calibrated and corrected echo intensity is obtained.

Description

Calibration method for meteorological radar echo intensity
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of meteorological radars, in particular to a calibration method for meteorological radar echo intensity.
Background
In the meteorological radar, in order to ensure that the working parameters of the radar are stable, the given result data is more reliable, the change of the echo intensity of the radar is monitored at any time, and the result is corrected necessarily, so that the radar system is required to have the functions of automatically monitoring the main parameters and revising the detection result, and the process is the calibration of the echo intensity of the radar. The calibration of the echo intensity is an important means for ensuring the measurement precision of the radar, and the calibration of the echo intensity is automatically corrected by measuring main parameter values monitored by a radar system so as to ensure that the measured value of the echo intensity does not have larger errors due to the change of radar parameters in operation.
In the prior art, factors causing the change of the echo intensity measurement value include the echo signal power input into the receiver, the echo signal power input into the receiver is obtained by a table look-up mode according to a characteristic curve input by the receiver, and the table is obtained by calibrating a test signal of an internal DDS signal generator; therefore, when the receiving mode is set incorrectly or the characteristic curve is abnormal, the calculation of the echo intensity is easy to deviate, and the accuracy of the data is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a calibration method for the echo intensity of a meteorological radar, which can be used for calibrating and calculating the echo intensity by measuring system parameter values under the condition that the gain of a receiver is unstable or the loss of the meteorological radar with various wave bands and systems to obtain the echo intensity after calibration and correction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
a calibration method for echo intensity of a weather radar system comprises the following steps: the system comprises a transmitter, an antenna, a feeder line module, a receiver, a signal processor and a terminal processing unit; the transmitter transmits signals through the antenna; after the antenna receives a reflected signal, namely an echo signal, the echo signal is sent to a receiver through a feeder line module, then sent to a signal processor through the receiver and finally sent to a terminal processing unit through the signal processor, and the terminal processing unit calculates the echo intensity;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring system parameter values, the system parameter values including: noise floor N of system0And system gain GR；
The system noise floor N0The system noise floor power is the system internal noise power;
s2, according to the system parameter value, namely the system noise bottom N0And system gain GRCalculating the system sensitivity I0；
S3, the terminal processing unit according to the system SNR and the system sensitivity I0And performing calibration calculation on the intensity of the echo signal, namely the echo intensity to obtain the calibrated echo intensity.
In step S3, the calibration calculation method of the echo intensity is specifically as follows:
Figure BDA0002076763840000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
dBZ is called a reflectivity factor, emissivity for short, and is used for representing the echo intensity;
PRrepresenting the output power of the signal processor;
N0representing a system noise floor;
r represents an echo distance;
Latrepresents two-way atmospheric losses;
I0indicating the system sensitivity;
C0represents a radar constant, and C0The calculation method of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002076763840000022
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
λ represents the radar operating wavelength;
Ptrepresenting the pulse power at the transmitter output;
τ represents the emission pulse width;
θ represents the horizontal beam width of the antenna;
Figure BDA0002076763840000023
representing the beam width in the vertical direction of the antenna;
g denotes antenna gain;
LΣrepresenting the total receiving and transmitting loss of the feeder line system;
LPrepresenting matched filtering loss.
In step S1, the system sets the elevation angle of the antenna to be above 5 ° in the state of no transmission signal, and the antenna cannot point to the direction with signal interference, at this time, a test signal with known power is input to the receiver, and a plurality of output data, i.e. a plurality of I/Q data, are obtained from the output end of the signal processor, and the plurality of I/Q data are calculated in the time dimension and the distance dimension respectivelyAverage power of the I/Q data, wherein the time dimension refers to the I/Q data on different distance banks of the same timestamp, and the distance dimension refers to the I/Q data on the same distance bank of different timestamps; obtaining the system noise bottom N by using the average power of the I/Q data on the time dimension and the distance dimension0。
In step S1, the system obtains the system gain G by inputting a number of test signals with known different powers in the radar linear range to the receiver in the state of no transmission signalR；
The radar linear range refers to the range of signal sizes which can be detected by a radar.
A waveguide switch is added at the output end of the transmitter and used for controlling the transmission of the transmitting signal of the transmitter; when the system parameter value is measured, the output signal of the transmitter is switched to a load state through the waveguide switch, so that the transmitting signal of the transmitter is not sent to the antenna.
Setting a built-in test signal in a frequency source module of a receiver, wherein the built-in test signal is used for measuring a system parameter value on line; the on-line measurement refers to the measurement of the radar system in normal operation.
In step S2, the system sensitivity I0The calculation of (c) is as follows:
I0＝10log(N0)-GR。
a signal source is arranged in a radar system, the signal source is from a crystal oscillator module in a frequency source of a receiver, and the signal source is used for generating a detection signal and transmitting the detection signal to the front end of the receiver;
a fixed attenuator is connected in series in a receiving channel of a receiver, and the attenuator is used for simulating gain reduction of the receiver;
the method comprises the steps of comparing the same test signal, and respectively detecting whether the built-in test signal is abnormal or not according to the difference of echo intensities at the same distance generated in the normal working state and the abnormal working state of a receiver; the receiver gain is reduced under the abnormal working state;
if the echo intensities of the same distance generated by the same test signal in the normal working state and the abnormal working state of the receiver are different, the internal test signal is indicated to be abnormal, and the internal test signal is measured and checked again.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method can perform calibration calculation on the echo intensity by measuring the system parameter value under the condition that the gain of the receiver is unstable or the loss of the meteorological radar with various wave bands and systems is changed, so as to obtain the echo intensity after calibration correction, and after actual inspection, the calibration method can ensure that the calculation of the echo intensity does not generate deviation under the condition that the gain of the receiver is unstable or the loss of the meteorological radar with various wave bands and systems is changed, so that the accuracy of data is ensured.
(2) The invention can measure the system parameter value in an off-line state and carry out calibration calculation on the echo intensity; and the echo intensity can be calibrated and calculated in real time and on line, and finally the marked echo intensity can be directly output by a terminal processing unit.
(3) The invention sets a signal source in the radar system and connects a fixed attenuator in series in the receiving channel of the receiver to check whether the measured system parameter value has error, thereby ensuring the stability of the system.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calibration subsystem of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The weather radar system includes: the system comprises a transmitter, an antenna, a feeder line module, a receiver, a signal processor and a terminal processing unit; the operating principle of the weather radar system is as follows: the transmitter transmits signals through the antenna; after the antenna receives a reflected signal, namely an echo signal, the echo signal is sent to a receiver through a feeder line module, then sent to a signal processor through the receiver and finally sent to a terminal processing unit through the signal processor, and the terminal processing unit calculates the intensity of the echo signal, namely the echo intensity;
in the prior art, a standard calculation formula for the meteorological radar echo intensity is as follows:
dBZ＝Pr+20logR+Lat+C0；
wherein, dBZ is called a reflectivity factor, emissivity for short, and is used for representing the echo intensity;
Prrepresenting the power of an echo signal input into a receiver, wherein the unit is decibel-milliwatt, namely dBm;
r represents the echo distance and has the unit of kilometer, namely km;
Latexpressing the two-pass atmospheric loss with the unit of decibel/kilometer, namely dB/km;
C0represents a radar constant, and C0The calculation method of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002076763840000051
wherein, λ represents the radar working wavelength, and the unit is centimeter, namely cm;
Ptthe unit of pulse power at the output end of the transmitter is kilowatt, namely kW;
τ represents the emission pulse width in milliseconds, i.e., μ s;
theta represents the horizontal beam width of the antenna, and the unit is degree, namely degree;
Figure BDA0002076763840000052
representing the beam width in degrees, i.e. DEG, in the vertical direction of the antenna；
G represents the antenna gain in decibels, namely dB;
LΣrepresenting total transmit-receive loss, L, of the feeder systemΣPositive values in decibels, dB;
LPrepresenting matched filter loss, LPPositive values in decibels, dB;
in the prior art, the power P of an echo signal input into a receiverrThe method comprises the steps of obtaining a characteristic curve input by a receiver in a table look-up mode, wherein the table is obtained by calibrating a test signal of an internal DDS signal generator; therefore, when the receiving mode is set incorrectly or the characteristic curve is abnormal, the calculation of the echo intensity is easy to deviate, and the accuracy of the data is affected.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for calibrating the echo intensity of a weather radar of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, measuring system parameter values, the system parameter values including: noise floor N of system0And system gain GR(ii) a The system noise floor N0It refers to the system noise floor power, i.e. the system internal noise power.
In the step S1, in the step S,
in the state of no transmission signal, namely in the state of no power output of the transmitter, the system sets the elevation angle of the antenna to be more than 5 degrees in order to avoid the influence of ground noise, and the antenna cannot point to the direction with signal interference, such as the sun direction and the moon direction; at the moment, a test signal with known power is input into the receiver, after the test signal is sequentially transmitted through the receiver and the signal processor, a plurality of output data, namely a plurality of I/Q data, are obtained from the output end of the signal processor, the average power of the I/Q data is respectively calculated in a time dimension and a distance dimension, and the time dimension refers to the I/Q data on different distance libraries of the same timestamp; the distance dimension refers to I/Q data on the same distance library with different time stamps, and the average power of the I/Q data in the time dimension and the distance dimension is utilized to obtain the noise floor N of the system0(ii) a The system noise floor N0By way of acquisitionSee in particular the prior art. In this embodiment, about 5000 pieces of output data, that is, about 5000 pieces of I/Q data, are acquired from the output terminal of the signal processor.
In the invention, in order to prevent the high-intensity transmitting signal from possibly leaking into the low-intensity testing signal and simultaneously prevent the transmitter klystron from generating a self-excitation phenomenon, a waveguide switch is added at the output end of the transmitter and is used for controlling the transmission of the transmitting signal of the transmitter; noise floor N in measurement system0When the radar system is in a load state, the output signal of the transmitter is switched to the load state through the waveguide switch, so that the transmitting signal of the transmitter is transmitted to the load part of the radar system, even if the transmitting signal of the transmitter is not transmitted to the antenna.
Gain G of the systemRRefers to the total gain of the signal path from the input of the receiver to the output of the signal processor; the system measures the system gain G in the state of no transmitted signal, i.e. the transmitter is in the state of no power outputR(ii) a Gain G of the systemRIs calculated from the ratio of the injected test signal of known power to the signal power measured by the signal processor through the entire receive path.
In the present invention, to reduce the variance and detection problems, the system gain G is obtained by inputting more than 20 test signals of known different powers in the linear range of the radar to the receiverR(ii) a The radar linear range refers to the range of signal sizes which can be detected by a radar.
In the invention, a built-in test signal is arranged in a frequency source module of the receiver and is used for measuring the parameter value of the system on line. And for the test signal used, the power of the test signal is measured off-line by a technician and calibrated, and the value is stored in the adaptation parameter, the value being calibrated every half year or one year.
S2, according to the system parameter value, namely the system noise bottom N0And system gain GRCalculating the system sensitivity I0(ii) a What is needed is
Sensitivity of the system I0The calculation of (c) is as follows:
I0＝10log(N0)-GR(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
system gain GRThe unit of (d) is decibels, i.e., dB;
noise floor N of system0Unit of (1) is milliwatt, i.e., mW;
sensitivity of the System I0In decibel-milliwatts, dBm;
s3, the terminal processing unit according to the system SNR and the system sensitivity I0And performing calibration calculation on the intensity of the echo signal, namely the echo intensity to obtain the calibrated echo intensity.
In step S3, the calibration calculation method of the echo intensity is specifically as follows:
Figure BDA0002076763840000071
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
dBZ is called a reflectivity factor, emissivity for short, and is used for representing the echo intensity;
PRrepresents the output power of the signal processor in milliwatts, i.e., mW;
N0representing the noise floor of the system, and the unit is milliwatt, namely mW;
r represents the echo distance and has the unit of kilometer, namely km;
Latexpressing the two-pass atmospheric loss with the unit of decibel/kilometer, namely dB/km;
C0represents a radar constant, and C0The calculation method of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002076763840000072
wherein, λ represents the radar working wavelength, and the unit is centimeter, namely cm;
Ptthe unit of pulse power at the output end of the transmitter is kilowatt, namely kW;
τ represents the emission pulse width in milliseconds, i.e., μ s;
theta represents the horizontal beam width of the antenna, and the unit is degree, namely degree;
Figure BDA0002076763840000073
the beam width in the vertical direction of the antenna is expressed in degrees, namely degrees;
g represents the antenna gain in decibels, namely dB;
LΣrepresenting total transmit-receive loss, L, of the feeder systemΣPositive values in decibels, dB;
LPrepresenting matched filter loss, LPPositive values are given in decibels, dB.
The principle of the calibration calculation formula of the echo intensity in step S3 is explained:
using system signal-to-noise ratio SNR and system sensitivity I0The method of (1) performing echo intensity calibration, and the calibration formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002076763840000074
wherein, dBZ0Representing the radar equation constant, reflectivity, dBZ, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 0dB for a target reflection equal to 1km0The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002076763840000075
wherein c represents the speed of light;
in this embodiment, taking a C-band weather radar as an example, it is advisable to count K when detecting general precipitation20.93; meanwhile, if the above dBZ is used0Each parameter in the calculation formula is substituted by a common unit and then is calculated according to C0The calculation formula of (2) can be expressed as dBZ0The calculation formula of (a) is rewritten as:
dBZ0＝C0+I0；
the dBZ after the rewriting0Substituting the calculation formula into a calibration formula to obtain the calibration formula, namely the calibration of the echo intensityThe calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002076763840000081
as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the calibration capability of the echo intensity of the present invention is checked by changing the gain of the receiver, and the specific manner is as follows:
setting a signal source which is an internal signal source or an external signal source and is used for generating a test signal for checking the calibration capability, namely a checking signal; in this embodiment, the signal source is from a crystal oscillator module in a receiver frequency source;
after a signal source inputs a test signal to a receiver, a terminal processing unit reads echo intensities at different distances, in the embodiment, the terminal processing unit calculates the echo intensities at 20km and 50km respectively, and at the moment, the obtained echo intensities at 20km and 50km are the echo intensities of the receiver in a normal working state;
a fixed attenuator is connected in series in a receiving channel of a receiver, in the embodiment, a 5dB attenuator is adopted, and the attenuator is used for simulating gain reduction of the receiver;
when the attenuator is connected to the receiving channel, the signal source inputs the same test signal to the receiver, the terminal processing unit respectively acquires the echo intensities at the positions of 20km and 50km, and the acquired echo intensities at the positions of 20km and 50km are the echo intensities after the receiving channel is connected with the 5dB attenuator in series under the abnormal working state of the receiver;
in this embodiment, a C-band radar is used to perform an echo intensity calibration capability test, and the test results are shown in table 1 below:
Figure BDA0002076763840000082
Figure BDA0002076763840000091
TABLE 1
From the examination results in table 1, it can be seen that even if the receiving channel of the receiver is connected with the 5dB attenuator in series, the final echo intensity obtained by the terminal processing unit still has no deviation, and the echo intensity calibration method of the present invention has high practicability and high reliability.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention further provides a calibration subsystem in the radar system, wherein the calibration subsystem comprises:
setting a signal source which is an internal signal source or an external signal source and is used for generating a detection signal and transmitting the detection signal to a receiver; in this embodiment, the signal source is from a crystal oscillator module in a receiver frequency source;
setting a built-in test signal in a frequency source module of a receiver, wherein the built-in test signal is used for measuring a system parameter value on line;
a fixed attenuator is connected in series in a receiving channel of a receiver, and the attenuator is used for simulating gain reduction of the receiver; in this embodiment, a 5dB attenuator is used.
The invention checks whether the built-in test signal is abnormal by comparing the same check signal and the difference of the echo intensities at the same distance generated in the normal working state and the abnormal working state of the receiver, if the difference of the echo intensities at the same distance generated in the normal working state and the abnormal working state of the receiver is generated in the same check signal, the abnormality of the built-in test signal can be indicated, and the built-in test signal is measured and checked again.
The invention is not to be considered as limited to the specific embodiments shown and described, but is to be understood to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. A calibration method for echo intensity of a weather radar system comprises the following steps: the system comprises a transmitter, an antenna, a feeder line module, a receiver, a signal processor and a terminal processing unit; the transmitter transmits signals through the antenna; after the antenna receives a reflected signal, namely an echo signal, the echo signal is sent to a receiver through a feeder line module, then sent to a signal processor through the receiver and finally sent to a terminal processing unit through the signal processor, and the terminal processing unit calculates the echo intensity;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measuring system parameter values, the system parameter values including: noise floor N of system0And system gain GR；
The system noise floor N0The system noise floor power is the system internal noise power;
s2, according to the system parameter value, namely the system noise bottom N0And system gain GRCalculating the system sensitivity I0；
S3, the terminal processing unit according to the system SNR and the system sensitivity I0Calibrating and calculating the intensity of the echo signal, namely the echo intensity, to obtain the calibrated echo intensity;
in step S1, the system sets the elevation angle of the antenna at 5 ° or more in a state without a transmission signal, and the antenna cannot point to a direction in which signal interference exists, at this time, inputs a test signal with known power to the receiver, and obtains a plurality of output data, i.e., a plurality of I/Q data, from the output end of the signal processor, and calculates the average power of the plurality of I/Q data in a time dimension and a distance dimension, respectively, where the time dimension refers to I/Q data on different distance bins of the same timestamp, and the distance dimension refers to I/Q data on the same distance bin of different timestamps; obtaining the system noise bottom N by using the average power of the I/Q data on the time dimension and the distance dimension0；
In step S1, the system obtains the system gain G by inputting a number of test signals with known different powers in the radar linear range to the receiver in the state of no transmission signalR；
The radar linear range refers to the range of the signal size which can be detected by a radar;
a waveguide switch is added at the output end of the transmitter and used for controlling the transmission of the transmitting signal of the transmitter; when the system parameter value is measured, the output signal of the transmitter is converted to a load state through the waveguide switch, so that the transmitting signal of the transmitter is not sent to the antenna;
setting a built-in test signal in a frequency source module of a receiver, wherein the built-in test signal is used for measuring a system parameter value on line; the on-line measurement refers to the measurement of the radar system in normal work;
a signal source is arranged in a radar system, the signal source is from a crystal oscillator module in a frequency source of a receiver, and the signal source is used for generating a detection signal and transmitting the detection signal to the front end of the receiver;
a fixed attenuator is connected in series in a receiving channel of a receiver, and the attenuator is used for simulating gain reduction of the receiver;
the method comprises the steps of comparing the same test signal, and respectively detecting whether the built-in test signal is abnormal or not according to the difference of echo intensities at the same distance generated in the normal working state and the abnormal working state of a receiver; the receiver gain is reduced under the abnormal working state;
if the echo intensities of the same distance generated by the same test signal in the normal working state and the abnormal working state of the receiver are different, the internal test signal is indicated to be abnormal, and the internal test signal is measured and checked again.
2. The method for calibrating echo intensity of weather radar according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the echo intensity calibration calculation method is as follows:
Figure FDA0003259993120000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
dBZ is called a reflectivity factor, emissivity for short, and is used for representing the echo intensity;
PRrepresenting output power of a signal processor；
N0Representing a system noise floor;
r represents an echo distance;
Latrepresents two-way atmospheric losses;
I0indicating the system sensitivity;
C0represents a radar constant, and C0The calculation method of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003259993120000022
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
λ represents the radar operating wavelength;
Ptrepresenting the pulse power at the transmitter output;
τ represents the emission pulse width;
θ represents the horizontal beam width of the antenna;
Figure FDA0003259993120000023
representing the beam width in the vertical direction of the antenna;
g denotes antenna gain;
L∑representing the total receiving and transmitting loss of the feeder line system;
LPrepresenting matched filtering loss.
3. The method for calibrating echo intensity of weather radar as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S2, the system sensitivity I0The calculation of (c) is as follows:
I0＝10log(N0)-GR。
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