CN110221149B - Device and method for testing fire prevention and control capability of poor-contact ignition source prevention and control device - Google Patents
Device and method for testing fire prevention and control capability of poor-contact ignition source prevention and control device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the fire prevention and control capability of a poor-contact ignition source prevention and control device, wherein the device comprises a test object and a poor-contact ignition source generation device which are arranged on a live wire in series; the test object is connected with a switch T in parallel; the poor-contact ignition source generating device comprises a base, wherein a copper rod and a carbon rod which can slide relatively are arranged on the base; the opposite ends of the copper rod and the carbon rod are of a plane structure, and the other ends of the copper rod and the carbon rod are connected to a live wire; the opposite ends of the carbon rod and the copper rod are in a dotted structure, and the other ends of the carbon rod and the copper rod are connected with a live wire; a current sensor is connected between the test object and the poor-contact ignition source generating device; the poor-contact ignition source generating device is provided with a voltage sensor in parallel; the current sensor and the voltage sensor are both connected to the oscilloscope; inflammable substances are arranged at the contact ends of the copper rod and the carbon rod; the load device is used for adjusting the current; the invention can guide and standardize the research and development of corresponding ignition source prevention and control device products with poor contact, improve the prevention and control capability of related products, promote the development of the field and reduce the occurrence of electrical fire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for testing the fire prevention and control capability, in particular to a device and a method for testing the fire prevention and control capability of a poor-contact ignition source prevention and control device.
Background
The electrical fire in China accounts for about 30% of the total number of fires in each year, and the number of fires is increased year by year, so that great threats are brought to the stability of the society and the property safety of people. In electrical fire, a poor-contact ignition source is one of important reasons for generating the electrical fire, and the conventional protection devices for short circuit, electric leakage, overload and the like cannot effectively prevent and control the ignition source. With the continuous and deep research on the contact failure discharge ignition source at home and abroad, several kinds of prevention and control devices aiming at the contact failure discharge ignition source appear in succession. Corresponding detection standards also appear in foreign AFCI and domestic AFDD. In these standards, most of the detection aiming at the products is from the aspect of electrical performance and the aspect of fire prevention and control performance, the detection method is single, and no quantitative index is available from the qualitative point of view. In the practical application process, related products can pass the inspection in the experimental process, but cannot be well applied in the market, and the fire disaster prevention and control effect is poor and the false operation rate is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for testing fire prevention and control capability of a poor-contact ignition source prevention and control device aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a device for testing the fire prevention and control capability of a poor-contact ignition source prevention and control device comprises a test object and a poor-contact ignition source generation device which are arranged on a live wire in series; the test object is connected with a switch T in parallel; the poor-contact ignition source generating device comprises a base, wherein a copper rod and a carbon rod which can slide relatively are arranged on the base; the opposite ends of the copper rod and the carbon rod are of a plane structure, and the other ends of the copper rod and the carbon rod are connected to a live wire; the opposite ends of the carbon rod and the copper rod are in a dotted structure, and the other ends of the carbon rod and the copper rod are connected with a live wire; a current sensor is connected between the test object and the poor-contact ignition source generating device; the poor-contact ignition source generating device is provided with a voltage sensor in parallel; the current sensor and the voltage sensor are both connected to the oscilloscope; inflammable substances are arranged at the contact ends of the copper rod and the carbon rod; the load device is used for adjusting the current.
Further, a power indicator lamp L1 is included.
Further, an indicator lamp L2 is provided in parallel with the load device.
Further, the inflammable substance is cotton and is wound at the contact end of the copper rod and the carbon rod.
Further, the copper bar is fixedly arranged on the base; the base is provided with a stepping motor, and the carbon rod drives the carbon rod to slide along the base through the stepping motor.
A method for testing the fire prevention and control capability of a poor-contact ignition source prevention and control device comprises the following steps:
step 1: connecting a test object into a circuit, closing a switch S, a switch T and a switch K2, opening a switch K1, adjusting the contact between a copper rod and a carbon rod, and checking the circuit condition;
step 2: carrying out continuous arc discharge breaking test;
s21: setting the copper rod and the carbon rod to be in a contact state, closing the switch S, the switch T and the switch K1, and opening the switch K2; adjusting the load device to meet the load parameter requirement;
s22: gradually separating the copper rod from the carbon rod, and adjusting the distance between the copper rod and the carbon rod to form continuous arc discharge, wherein the arc discharge duration is not less than Ts;
s23: disposing combustibles on the copper rods and the carbon rods;
s24: connecting a test sample, connecting a circuit and recording a voltage and current waveform;
s25: if the test object is active, the inflammable substance is not ignited, and the arc energy E is from the beginning of generating the arc to the end of the operation1Is not greater than a set threshold e1If so, readjusting the load parameters and repeating the steps S21-S25; otherwise, quitting;
and step 3: carrying out one-time arc discharge breaking test;
s31: adjusting the copper rod and the carbon rod to be in a contact state, closing the switch S, the switch T and the switch K1, and opening the switch K2; adjusting the load device to meet the load parameter requirement;
s32: disposing combustibles on the copper rods and the carbon rods;
s33: switching in a test sample, closing a switch K1, a switch S and a switch T, switching off a switch K2, and recording a voltage and current waveform;
s34: if the test object is effectively operated, the inflammable matters are not ignited, and the arc energy E2 from the generation of the arc to the end of the operation is not greater than the set threshold value E2, the steps S31-S34 are repeated by readjusting the load parameters; otherwise, exiting.
Further, the energy of the arc from the generation of the arc to the action ending in the step 2 is E1，E1And e1The determination method comprises the following steps:
E1＝P1×t1
e1＝n×w1×T
P1＝U·I
in the formula: t is t1For the time from the beginning of the arc generation to the end of the action, P1Is the arc power, n is a constant, w1And the constant is U, the observed value of the voltage sensor during testing and I, the observed value of the current sensor during testing.
Further, step 3 is to generate arc energy from the arc generation to the action endingAmount of E2The determination method comprises the following steps:
E2＝P2×t2
P2＝U·I
in the formula: t is t2For the time from the beginning of the arc generation to the end of the action, P2And U is the observed value of the voltage sensor during testing, and I is the observed value of the current sensor during testing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention makes up the domestic method for testing the fire prevention and control capability of the ignition source prevention and control device with poor contact;
(2) the invention can guide and standardize the research and development of corresponding ignition source prevention and control device products with poor contact, improve the prevention and control capability of related products, promote the development of the field and reduce the occurrence of electrical fire.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a test object, 2-a current sensor, 3-a base, 4-a copper rod, 5-a carbon rod, 6-a voltage sensor, 7-an oscilloscope and 8-a load device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a device for testing the fire prevention and control capability of a poor contact ignition source prevention and control device comprises a test object 1 and a poor contact ignition source generation device which are serially arranged on a live wire; the test object 1 is connected with a switch T in parallel; the poor-contact ignition source generating device comprises a base 3, wherein a copper rod 4 and a carbon rod 5 which can slide relatively are arranged on the base 3, and the copper rod 4 is fixedly arranged on the base 3; a stepping motor is arranged on the base 3, and the carbon rod 5 is driven by the stepping motor to slide along the base 3; the opposite ends of the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5 are of a plane structure, and the other ends of the copper rod and the carbon rod are connected to a live wire; the opposite ends of the carbon rod 5 and the copper rod 4 are in a dotted structure, and the other end of the carbon rod is connected with a live wire; a current sensor 2 is connected between the test object 1 and the poor-contact ignition source generating device; the poor-contact ignition source generating device is provided with a voltage sensor 7 in parallel; the current sensor 2 and the voltage sensor 6 are both connected to an oscilloscope 7; inflammable substances are arranged at the contact ends of the copper rod 5 and the carbon rod 4; a load device 8 for adjusting the magnitude of the current is also included. A power indicator light L1 is also included. An indicator light L2 is also provided in parallel with the load device 8. The inflammable substance is cotton and is wound at the contact end of the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5.
Generating an ignition source through a poor-contact ignition source generating device, wherein a poor-contact discharge fault point (namely a test object 1) is arranged on a live wire; good contact discharge is generated through the relative motion between the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5, the copper rod 4 or the carbon rod 5 is kept static, the other end of the copper rod 4 or the carbon rod 5 runs to a certain distance at a fixed speed and is kept, and the speed reference range is 0.1 mm/s-0.5 mm/s; red copper is preferably selected for the copper rod 4, the diameters of the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5 are 8-10 mm, and point-surface contact is adopted between the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5.
The voltage sensor 7 and the current sensor 2 are adopted to collect the whole process from occurrence to termination, and the current sensor 2 can collect the loop current of a fault point; the voltage sensor 7 can collect voltages at two ends of a fault point; the voltage sensor 7 may use a differential voltage probe with a high common mode rejection ratio. The acquired data can completely reflect the short-circuit process, the sampling frequency is not lower than 5000S/S, and the acquisition equipment connected with the sensor has a data recording function.
The inflammable substance is cotton, dry cotton is adopted, the cotton wraps the contact point lightly, a little cotton is taken, a circle with the width of 10mm is covered, the cotton is not easy to be wound too tightly during wrapping, the cotton cannot be far away from the pole rod, most cotton silk foundation pole rods are suitable, and the cotton is in a dry state.
A method for testing the fire prevention and control capability of a poor-contact ignition source prevention and control device comprises the following steps:
before starting the test, the connection states of the power supply, the power supply line, the test circuit and the plug connectors of all the parts are checked firstly to ensure good connection.
Step 1: connecting the test object 1 into a circuit, closing the switch S, the switch T and the switch K2, opening the switch K1, adjusting the contact between the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5, and checking the circuit condition;
the test object 1 is accessed and the circuit connection is checked as shown in fig. 1, the switches S, K1 and K2 are kept open, the switch T is closed, and the motor on the base 3 is adjusted to make the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5 fully contact.
And closing the switch S, closing the switch K2, connecting a bulb load, wherein the bulb L2 is 60-100W, and checking whether the phases of voltage and current signals displayed on the oscilloscope 7 are matched and the integrity of the signals is good. If the phase is matched, the signal is good and no other abnormality exists, the step 2 is carried out, otherwise, the circuit is readjusted.
Step 2: carrying out continuous arc discharge breaking test;
s21: adjusting the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5 to be in a contact state (the operation speed is adjusted to be 0.1 mm/s-0.5 mm/s by adjusting the operation speed of a motor on the base 3); closing the switch S, the switch T and the switch K1, and opening the switch K2; adjusting the load device (8) to meet the load parameter requirement; first, X is set to 1.1, PfIs 0.85;
setting the load size according to the load type of the object 1 to be measured so that the load size satisfies X times of the current when the load is not connected after the load is connected into the loop (X is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0); the load is combined by inductance and capacitance, and the inductance resistance value (circuit effectiveness) accounts for more than 80 percent of the total resistance value; load power factor PfThe requirements of maximum value, intermediate value and minimum value in the power factor range of the test object 1 are met. If the test object has no power factor requirement, the inductive load power factor value is selected to be 0.85, 0.92 and 0.99.
S22: starting a motor to gradually separate the copper rod 4 from the carbon rod 5, and adjusting the distance between the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5 to form continuous arc discharge, wherein the arc discharge duration is not less than Ts; wherein (4s ═ Ts < ═ 6 s);
s23: setting combustibles on the copper rods 4 and the carbon rods 5;
s24: a closing switch K1, an opening switch T and a switch K2; then closing the T to access the test sample (1), closing the switch S to switch on the circuit, and recording the voltage and current waveforms;
s25: and if the following conditions are met during the test, the test is regarded as a single pass:
the test object (1) acts effectively, and the inflammable substances are not ignited in the action completion process and are produced from the productArc energy E from the beginning of arcing to the end of arcing1Is not greater than a set threshold e1Then the pass is made;
readjusting the load parameters and repeating the steps S21-S25; otherwise, quitting; if all tests pass through the arc discharge breaking test for a single time, the arc discharge breaking test for a single time is regarded as a continuous arc discharge breaking test for a single time, otherwise, the arc discharge breaking test for a single time does not pass; change once X and PfThe value, corresponding to one test, all passes the test, which is regarded as a single pass of the continuous arc breaking test.
At the end of each test, the switch S is opened, the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5 are allowed to cool for at least two minutes, and then the carbon rod 5 and the copper rod 4 are wiped, cleaned or polished to keep them clean, smooth and burr-free. And each group of load parameters corresponds to 5 groups of data of the test, and the step 3 is carried out for one-time arc discharge breaking test after all the load parameters are tested.
And step 3: carrying out one-time arc discharge breaking test;
s31: adjusting the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5 to be in a contact state, closing the switch S, the switch T and the switch K1, and opening the switch K2; adjusting the load device 8 to meet the load parameter requirement; (ii) a
The copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5 are adjusted to be in a contact state by adjusting the movement of the stepping motor; the relative movement speed is 0.1 mm/s-0.5 mm/s. Setting the load size according to the load type of the object 1 to be measured so that the load size satisfies X times of the current when the load is not connected after the load is connected into the loop (X is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0); the load is combined by inductance and capacitance, and the inductance resistance value (circuit effectiveness) accounts for more than 80 percent of the total resistance value; load power factor PfThe requirements of maximum value, intermediate value and minimum value in the power factor range of the test object 1 are met. If the test object has no power factor requirement, the inductive load power factor value is selected to be 0.85, 0.92 and 0.99.
One set of X and Pf values was tested per test.
S32: setting combustibles on the copper rods 4 and the carbon rods 5;
s33: switching in a test sample 1, closing a switch K1, a switch S and a switch T, switching off a switch K2, and recording a voltage and current waveform;
s34: each test is considered a single pass if the following conditions are met:
the test object 1 is effectively operated, inflammable substances are not ignited, and the arc energy E is generated from the beginning of generating an arc to the end of the operation2Is not greater than a set threshold e2And then pass.
Readjusting the load parameters and repeating the steps S31-S34; otherwise, exiting. If all tests pass through the single test, the test is regarded as a one-time arc discharge breaking test and passes through the single test, otherwise, the test does not pass through the single test; change once X and PfThe value corresponds to one test, and all tests pass through a single pass of the one-time arc breaking test.
After each test is completed, the switch S is turned off to cool the copper rod 4 and the carbon rod 5 for at least two minutes, and then the carbon rod 5 and the copper rod 4 are wiped, cleaned or polished to keep them clean, smooth and burr-free. Each set of load parameters corresponds to 5 sets of data tested.
Step 2, the energy of the arc from the generation of the arc to the end of the action is E1，E1And e1The determination method comprises the following steps:
E1＝P1×t1
e1＝n×w1×T
P1＝U·I
in the formula: t is t1T is calculated from the waveform diagram for the time from the generation of the arc to the end of the operation1Value, P1Is the arc power, n is a constant (n is more than or equal to 1.1 and less than or equal to 1.3), w1Is constant (46w ≦ w1Less than or equal to 48w), U is the observed value of the voltage sensor 6 during testing, and I is the observed value of the current sensor 2 during testing.
P1The voltage U and the current I measured on the oscilloscope are calculated, the U and the I are observed value arrays and are one-dimensional matrixes, and the U is [ U ═ U [ ]1,U2,…,UN]，I＝[I1,I2,…,IN]Namely, N voltage and N current test data are total from the beginning of generating the arc to the end of action. The average of 5 sets of data in this example was calculated.
Step 3, the energy of the arc from the generation of the arc to the end of the action is E2The determination method comprises the following steps:
E2＝P2×t2
P2＝U·I
in the formula: t is t2T is calculated from the waveform diagram for the time from the generation of the arc to the end of the operation2Value, P2And U is the observed value of the voltage sensor 6 during testing, and I is the observed value of the current sensor 2 during testing. e.g. of the type2And 43.6 is taken.
P2The voltage U and the current I measured on the oscilloscope are calculated, the U and the I are observed value arrays and are one-dimensional matrixes, and the U is [ U ═ U [ ]1,U2,…,UN]，I＝[I1,I2,…,IN]Namely, N voltage and N current test data are total from the beginning of generating the arc to the end of action. The average of 5 sets of data in this example was calculated.
The invention aims at the problems that the existing prevention and control device products for fire caused by poor contact discharge ignition sources are immature and no corresponding detection method is used for detecting the fire prevention and control capability of the products; the device and the method for preventing and controlling the poor-contact ignition source make up for the domestic blank, can guide and standardize the research and development of corresponding products to improve the prevention and control capacity of related products, promote the development of the field and reduce the occurrence of electrical fire.
Claims (3)
1. A method for testing the fire prevention and control capability of a poor-contact ignition source prevention and control device adopts a testing device structure as follows: the device comprises a test object (1) and a poor-contact ignition source generating device which are arranged on a live wire in series; the test object (1) is connected with a switch T in parallel; the poor-contact ignition source generating device comprises a base (3), wherein a copper rod (4) and a carbon rod (5) which can slide relatively are arranged on the base (3); the opposite ends of the copper rod (4) and the carbon rod (5) are of a plane structure, and the other ends of the copper rod and the carbon rod are connected to a live wire; the opposite ends of the carbon rod (5) and the copper rod (4) are in a point structure, and the other ends are connected with a live wire; a current sensor (2) is connected between the test object (1) and the poor-contact ignition source generating device; the poor-contact ignition source generating device is provided with a voltage sensor (6) in parallel; the current sensor (2) and the voltage sensor (6) are both connected to an oscilloscope (7); inflammable substances are arranged at the contact ends of the copper rod (4) and the carbon rod (5); the device also comprises a load device (8) for adjusting the current; the power supply device also comprises a power supply indicator lamp L1, and an indicator lamp L2 connected with the load device (8) in parallel is arranged; the copper bar (4) is fixedly arranged on the base (3); a stepping motor is arranged on the base (3), and the carbon rod (5) is driven by the stepping motor to slide along the base (3); the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: connecting a test object (1) into a circuit, closing a switch S, a switch T and a switch K2, opening a switch K1, adjusting a copper rod (4) to be in contact with a carbon rod (5), and checking the circuit condition;
step 2: carrying out continuous arc discharge breaking test;
s21: setting the copper rod (4) and the carbon rod (5) to be in a contact state, closing the switch S, the switch T and the switch K1, and opening the switch K2; adjusting the load device (8) to meet the load parameter requirement;
s22: gradually separating the copper rod (4) from the carbon rod (5), and adjusting the distance between the copper rod (4) and the carbon rod (5) to form continuous arc discharge, wherein the arc discharge duration is not less than T s;
s23: setting combustibles on the copper rod (4) and the carbon rod (5);
s24: the test object (1) is accessed, the circuit is switched on, and the voltage and current waveforms are recorded;
s25: if the test object (1) is active, the inflammable substance is not ignited and the arc energy E is from the beginning of generating the arc to the end of the operation1Is not greater than a set threshold e1Then, the steps S21-S25 are repeated by readjusting the load parameters; otherwise, quitting;
and step 3: carrying out one-time arc discharge breaking test;
s31: adjusting the copper rod (4) and the carbon rod (5) to be in a contact state, closing the switch S, the switch T and the switch K1, and opening the switch K2; adjusting the load device (8) to meet the load parameter requirement;
s32: setting combustibles on the copper rod (4) and the carbon rod (5);
s33: switching in a test object (1), closing a switch K1, a switch S and a switch T, switching off a switch K2, and recording voltage and current waveforms;
s34: if the test object (1) is active, the inflammable substance is not ignited and the arc energy E is from the beginning of generating the arc to the end of the operation2Is not greater than a set threshold e2If yes, the steps S31-S34 are repeated by readjusting the load parameters; otherwise, exiting.
2. The method for testing the fire prevention and control capability of the poor contact ignition source prevention and control device according to claim 1, wherein the arc energy from the generation of the arc to the end of the action in the step 2 is E1，E1And e1The determination method comprises the following steps:
E1=P1×t1
e1=n×w1×T
P1=U·I
in the formula: t is t1For the time from the beginning of the arc generation to the end of the action, P1Is the arc power, n is a constant, w1And the constant is U, the observed value of the voltage sensor (6) during the test is obtained, and I is the observed value of the current sensor (2) during the test.
3. The method for testing the fire prevention and control capability of the poor contact ignition source prevention and control device according to claim 1, wherein the arc energy from the generation of the arc to the end of the action in the step 3 is E2The determination method comprises the following steps:
E2=P2×t2
P2=U·I
in the formula: t is t2For the time from the beginning of the arc generation to the end of the action, P2And U is the observed value of the voltage sensor (6) during testing, and I is the observed value of the current sensor (2) during testing.
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