Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent is neutral, free of solvent and free of heavy metal, is obtained without adding organic or inorganic acid, can be quickly soaked to remove oxidation corrosion of hardware, effectively avoids hydrogen permeation, does not damage physical and mechanical properties of a base material, and improves the adhesive force of a coating.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent comprises, by total weight, 100 parts of a complexing agent 17-29 parts, a plant surface active dispersing agent 9-12 parts, a reducing agent 8-16 parts and the balance of deionized water, wherein the pH value of the neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent is adjusted to 6.5-7.5 by adopting acid-base.
Further, the complexing agent is one or more of sodium polyphosphate, sodium phytate, potassium oxalate and triethanolamine.
Further, the plant surface active dispersing agent is a mixture of Chinese honeylocust fruit liquid and aloe gel.
Further, the reducing agent is a mixture of glucose, methyl borane and hydrazine hydrate.
Further, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight: 3-7 parts of sodium polyphosphate, 8-10 parts of saponin liquid, 1-2 parts of aloe gel, 2-4 parts of sodium phytate, 4-8 parts of potassium oxalate, 2-4 parts of methyl borane, 5-7 parts of glucose, 8-15 parts of triethanolamine, 1-5 parts of hydrazine hydrate and the balance of deionized water.
Further, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight: 5 parts of sodium polyphosphate, 9 parts of saponin liquid, 1.5 parts of aloe gel, 3 parts of sodium phytate, 6 parts of potassium oxalate, 3 parts of methyl borane, 6 parts of glucose, 10 parts of triethanolamine, 3 parts of hydrazine hydrate and the balance of deionized water.
The invention also comprises a preparation method of the neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing raw materials, preparing the raw materials in the formula, preparing aloe gel and saponin liquid, and accurately weighing other components;
step 2, setting mixing conditions: adding part of deionized water into a stainless steel stirring kettle, heating to 45-55 deg.C with indirect steam, starting wall-attached ultrasonic wave with frequency of 25-30 Hz and stirring rod rotation speed of 60-80 rpm;
step 3, mixing for the first time: firstly, adding sodium polyphosphate into a stirring kettle, then sequentially adding sodium phytate, potassium oxalate, methyl borane, glucose, triethanolamine and aloe gel every 20-25 minutes, and continuously operating the stirring kettle for 45-55 minutes;
and 4, mixing for the second time: after the first mixing and stirring, adding hydrazine hydrate into a stirring kettle, operating the stirring kettle for 20-25 minutes, adding the saponin solution and the rest deionized water, and stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
and 5, measuring the pH value: and (4) measuring the pH value of the mixed solution obtained in the step (4), and adjusting the pH value to be between 6.5 and 7.5 by adding a reagent.
Further, when the aloe gel is prepared in the step 1, firstly, the tool is cleaned to prevent bacteria from entering the aloe gel; then harvesting fresh aloe, and manually peeling; placing peeled fresh aloe into juice making machine to make juice, then making coarse filtration and fine filtration of the obtained aloe juice, and placing the filtered aloe juice into refrigerator for refrigeration to obtain the aloe gel which can be used.
Further, when the saponin solution in the step 1 is prepared, dried saponin is crushed, the particle size is controlled to be 2-3mm, then 1 part of crushed saponin is mixed with 9 parts of deionized water to be soaked for 24 hours at 50-60 ℃, after coarse filtration, stirring is carried out for 50-60 minutes at 50-60 ℃, then fine filtration is carried out, and deionized water is added to supplement the solution to 10 parts, so that the saponin solution is obtained.
Further, the reagent used in the step 5 for adjusting the pH value is 20% sodium carbonate and/or 10% phytic acid.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the cleaning agent prepared by fully replacing the traditional surfactant with the plant extract saponin liquid and the aloe gel is safe in components, environment-friendly and easy to naturally degrade, and solves the problems of potential safety hazard and environmental pollution caused by component residues; the reason why the aloe gel can be remarkably prolonged in shelf life by peeling aloe and preparing an extract only from internal tissues is presumably that fresh aloe and cactus skins contain a large amount of polyphenols and color-developing substances, and extraction is carried out with fresh raw materials, and these substances lack the binding effect of dry substances and are easily dissolved and released, and these components are easily deteriorated during the standing process, thereby shortening the shelf life.
2) The cleaning agent is neutral, contains no organic or inorganic acid, has different etching principle from various acidic etching, does not generate hydrogen in the process of decomposing metal oxide, has the pH value of working solution of 6.5-7.5, and is close to neutral (H) under the condition+)≈(10-6.5~10-7.5) And mol/L, wherein the concentration of hydrogen ions can be ignored and is not remembered, so that the phenomenon of hydrogen permeation of a matrix can be avoided in the etching process theoretically, the original mechanical property is unchanged, and the modes of sand blasting, strong acid pickling and the like are replaced.
3) The mutual synergistic action of the reducing agent, the complexing agent and the surface active dispersing agent is adopted, the plant surface active dispersing agent promotes the penetration effect of the reducing agent and the complexing agent on the metal oxide, the reducing agent and the metal oxide react and then are complexed with the complexing agent, and therefore the action effect of the reducing agent and the complexing agent is improved.
4) Glucose, methyl borane and hydrazine hydrate are selected as mixed reducing agents, the combination of weak reducing agents and strong reduction is provided, the dosage of the strong and weak reducing agents is controlled, and the safety of the reduction is ensured; the methyl borane and the hydrazine hydrate are strong reducing agents, so that the metal oxide can be effectively reduced to remove rust; glucose is used as a weak reducing agent and can assist the strong reducing agent to reduce, and in addition, because glucose contains hydroxyl, a film is easily formed on the surface of metal after cleaning is finished, so that the dissolution of the metal is retarded, the influence of the strong reducing action of hydrazine hydrate and the like on the metal alloy after rust removal is avoided, and meanwhile, the rust-resistant function is realized in later use.
5) The cleaning agent has simple use method, can be soaked at room temperature, and is beneficial to ensuring the safety of users under a neutral condition compared with strong acid pickling.
Detailed Description
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1
The neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent comprises the following components in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight: 5 parts of sodium polyphosphate, 9 parts of saponin liquid, 1.5 parts of aloe gel, 3 parts of sodium phytate, 6 parts of potassium oxalate, 3 parts of methyl borane, 6 parts of glucose, 10 parts of triethanolamine, 3 parts of hydrazine hydrate and the balance of deionized water.
The preparation method of the cleaning agent comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing raw materials, preparing the raw materials in the formula, preparing aloe gel and saponin liquid, and accurately weighing other components; when the aloe gel is prepared in the step 1, firstly, cleaning tools to prevent bacteria from entering the aloe gel; then harvesting fresh aloe, and manually peeling; placing peeled fresh aloe into juice making machine to make juice, then making coarse filtration and fine filtration of the obtained aloe juice, and placing the filtered aloe juice into refrigerator for refrigeration to obtain the aloe gel which can be used. In the step 1, when the saponin solution is prepared, dried saponin is crushed, the particle size is controlled to be 2-3mm, then 1 part of crushed saponin is matched with 9 parts of deionized water to be soaked for 24 hours at 55 ℃, after coarse filtration, the crushed saponin is stirred for 55 minutes at 55 ℃, and then fine filtration is carried out, and deionized water is added to supplement the solution to 10 parts to obtain the saponin solution.
Step 2, setting mixing conditions: adding half of deionized water into a stainless steel stirring kettle, heating to 50 ℃ by utilizing indirect steam, starting wall-attached ultrasonic waves, setting the frequency to be 28 Hz, and setting the rotating speed of a stirring rod to be 70 r/min;
step 3, mixing for the first time: firstly, adding sodium polyphosphate into a stirring kettle, then sequentially adding sodium phytate, potassium oxalate, methyl borane, glucose, triethanolamine and aloe gel every 20-25 minutes, and continuously operating the stirring kettle for 50 minutes;
and 4, mixing for the second time: after the first mixing and stirring, adding hydrazine hydrate into the stirring kettle, operating the stirring kettle for 20-25 minutes, adding the saponin solution and the rest half of deionized water, and stirring until the solution is uniformly mixed;
and 5, measuring the pH value: and (4) measuring the pH value of the mixed solution obtained in the step (4), and adjusting the pH value to be between 6.5 and 7.5 by using 20% of sodium carbonate and/or 10% of phytic acid.
Example 2
The neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent comprises the following components in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight: 6 parts of sodium polyphosphate, 9 parts of saponin liquid, 1.5 parts of aloe gel, 7 parts of potassium oxalate, 3 parts of methyl borane, 6 parts of glucose, 11 parts of triethanolamine, 3 parts of hydrazine hydrate and the balance of deionized water.
The preparation method of the cleaning agent is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 3
The neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent comprises the following components in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight: 7 parts of sodium polyphosphate, 9 parts of saponin liquid, 1.5 parts of aloe gel, 4 parts of sodium phytate, 8 parts of potassium oxalate, 3 parts of methyl borane, 6 parts of glucose, 3 parts of hydrazine hydrate and the balance of deionized water.
The preparation method of the cleaning agent is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 4
The neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent comprises the following components in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight: 9 parts of saponin liquid, 1.5 parts of aloe gel, 4 parts of sodium phytate, 7 parts of potassium oxalate, 3 parts of methyl borane, 6 parts of glucose, 13 parts of triethanolamine, 4 parts of hydrazine hydrate and the balance of deionized water.
The preparation method of the cleaning agent is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 5
The neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent comprises the following components in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight: 3 parts of sodium polyphosphate, 8 parts of saponin liquid, 2 parts of aloe gel, 4 parts of sodium phytate, 4 parts of potassium oxalate, 3 parts of methyl borane, 7 parts of glucose, 14 parts of triethanolamine, 4 parts of hydrazine hydrate and the balance of deionized water.
The preparation method of the cleaning agent is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 1
The neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent comprises the following components in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight: 5 parts of sodium polyphosphate, 10.5 parts of saponin liquid, 3 parts of sodium phytate, 6 parts of potassium oxalate, 3 parts of methyl borane, 6 parts of glucose, 10 parts of triethanolamine, 3 parts of hydrazine hydrate and the balance of deionized water.
The preparation method of the cleaning agent is the same as the example 1 except that the preparation step of the aloe gel is omitted.
Comparative example 2
The neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent comprises the following components in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight: 5 parts of sodium polyphosphate, 3 parts of sodium phytate, 6 parts of potassium oxalate, 3 parts of methyl borane, 6 parts of glucose, 10 parts of triethanolamine, 3 parts of hydrazine hydrate and the balance of deionized water.
The preparation method of the cleaning agent is the same as the example 1 except that the preparation steps of the aloe gel and the saponin solution are omitted.
Comparative example 3
The neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent comprises the following components in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight: 5 parts of sodium polyphosphate, 9 parts of saponin liquid, 1.5 parts of aloe gel, 3 parts of sodium phytate, 6 parts of potassium oxalate, 6 parts of methyl borane, 10 parts of triethanolamine, 6 parts of hydrazine hydrate and the balance of deionized water.
The preparation method of the cleaning agent is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 4
The neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent comprises the following components in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight: 5 parts of sodium polyphosphate, 9 parts of saponin liquid, 1.5 parts of aloe gel, 3 parts of sodium phytate, 6 parts of potassium oxalate, 9 parts of methyl borane, 6 parts of glucose, 10 parts of triethanolamine and the balance of deionized water.
The preparation method of the cleaning agent is the same as that of the example 1 except that the step of adding hydrazine hydrate in the second mixing is omitted.
Comparative example 5
The neutral environment-friendly hardware cleaning agent comprises the following components in parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight: 5 parts of sodium polyphosphate, 9 parts of saponin liquid, 1.5 parts of aloe gel, 3 parts of sodium phytate, 6 parts of potassium oxalate, 10 parts of triethanolamine and the balance of deionized water.
The preparation method of the cleaning agent is the same as that of the example 1.
Example 6
Example 6 is an application example, for several hardware needing to be cleaned under the same corrosion condition, the proper amount of cleaning agent in each example and each comparative example is taken according to the size of the hardware, the cleaning agent is diluted by one time, the hardware is soaked in the cleaning agent for 8 minutes at room temperature, and the residual corrosion of the hardware is observed after soaking for 4 minutes, wherein the cleaning agent comprises the cleaning agents in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-5, the commercial cleaning agent in comparative example 6 is added, the main component is the composition of hydrochloric acid and an industrial surfactant, and the effects of each example and the comparative example are as follows:
after soaking for 4 minutes, the materials were taken out and observed, in examples 1 and comparative example 3, the yellow rust was almost completely removed, the residual rust amounts in examples 2 to 5 were relatively large, and the residual rust amounts gradually decreased in the order of examples 5, 4, 2 and 3. Comparative examples 1, 2, 4, 5 all had higher residual rust levels than each example, and comparative example 6 was nearly completely removed.
After completion of the immersion for 8 minutes, the rust of examples 1 to 5, comparative example 3, and comparative example 6 was completely removed, and a small amount of yellow rust traces remained on the surfaces of comparative examples 1, 2, and 4, and a large amount of yellow rust traces remained on comparative example 5. The surfaces of the examples 1-5 and the comparative example 4 are smooth, the natural color of the hardware is exposed, the surface smoothness of the comparative example 3 is reduced compared with the surfaces of the examples 1-5, and the surface of the comparative example 6 is rough, so that the corrosion phenomenon of a matrix exists.
During the soaking process, examples 1 to 5, comparative examples 1 to 4, and comparative example 6 had no bubbles and acid mist.
Recycling the cleaning agent: after the use of the embodiments 1 to 5 is completed, precipitation is gradually generated along with the increase of the use times, and the recycling of the cleaning agent can be realized by filtering the precipitation and then adding the cleaning agent. Comparative example 6 after completion of use, the PH gradually increased with the increase in the number of times of use, but since the acid-neutralized ions remained in the system, the rate of acid reaction was greatly decreased due to the limitation of ion concentration even when a new acid washing solvent was added, and could not be recovered for use.
From the experimental results, it can be seen that: the reducing agent and the complexing agent jointly dominate the removal of the yellow rust, the removal rate of the yellow rust has an important relation with the combination of the reducing agent and the complexing agent, and the plant surfactant has a promoting effect on the rust removal rate. The existence of glucose is used as a buffer when the strong reducing agent is reduced, so that the protection of the surface of the substrate is promoted, and the subsequent processing and use of hardware are facilitated. The cleaning agent is acidic, and although rust can be quickly removed, the cleaning agent has an erosion effect on the surface of hardware, generates a hydrogen permeation effect, and has a great influence on the subsequent use or processing of the hardware. The embodiments of the invention have the effects of high rust removal rate and no corrosion of a substrate, the generated waste liquid is environment-friendly, no health and safety hazard is caused to operators in use, and the waste liquid can be effectively recycled.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.