CN110215235B - Diagnostic system and method applied to intravascular ultrasound - Google Patents
Diagnostic system and method applied to intravascular ultrasound Download PDFInfo
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- CN110215235B CN110215235B CN201910610675.0A CN201910610675A CN110215235B CN 110215235 B CN110215235 B CN 110215235B CN 201910610675 A CN201910610675 A CN 201910610675A CN 110215235 B CN110215235 B CN 110215235B
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- 238000002608 intravascular ultrasound Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 14
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/12—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves in body cavities or body tracts, e.g. by using catheters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound, which comprises: a catheter and an ultrasound host; an ultrasonic transducer, a rotating device and an ultrasonic reflector are arranged in the catheter; one end of the rotating device is rotatably arranged in the catheter and driven to rotate by blood flow, and the other end of the rotating device is fixedly provided with an ultrasonic reflector for reflecting ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducer; the blood flows into the catheter from the inflow hole, flows through and drives the rotating device to rotate, and flows out from the diversion window. The diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound provided by the invention does not need driving of external power equipment, and can directly drive the rotating device to rotate by using power generated in the blood flowing process, so that the cost is saved; and the catheter system is more easily miniaturized, further reducing the catheter size. The invention also discloses a method for processing the ultrasonic echo signals by using the diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intravascular ultrasound, in particular to a diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound; in addition, the invention also relates to a method for processing ultrasonic echo signals by using the diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound.
Background
Intravascular ultrasound is a combination of non-invasive ultrasound and invasive catheter techniques, a medical imaging technique that uses a special catheter with an ultrasound probe attached at its end.
In the prior art, when intravascular ultrasound is carried out, the ultrasonic transducer is required to be driven to rotate by the rotating part, so that the ultrasonic waves can detect the circumferential direction of the blood vessel by 360 degrees; in order to realize signal transmission between the rotating part and the ultrasonic transducer, a rotary transformer is required to be arranged on the rotating part, and in order to insulate the motor in the rotating part from the guide pipe at high voltage, an insulating coupler and other structures are required to be arranged; the structure of the rotating part is complex, the assembly precision requirement of the rotating part is high, the processing difficulty is high, and the operation cost is increased; and the reliability of the rotating part is poor in the using process, so that the risk of operation is increased.
The technical scheme that the rotating component is driven to rotate through blood flow exists, but in the prior art, the ultrasonic transducer is generally driven to rotate through the rotating component and is connected with an external ultrasonic host through a wire, so that the wire is driven to rotate together in the rotating process of the ultrasonic transducer, and the setting difficulty of the wire and the unreliability in the detection process are increased; and the kinetic energy of the flowing of blood is limited to a certain extent, and the rotating part drives the ultrasonic transducers to rotate together, so that the rotating load is increased, the rotating speed is limited, and the detection effect is influenced.
In summary, how to simplify the structure of the rotating component used in the intravascular ultrasound technology and ensure the reliability of the detection process is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound, which can simplify the structure of the rotating member and reduce the operation cost. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for processing ultrasound echo signals using the diagnostic system as described above for intravascular ultrasound.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound, comprising: a catheter and an ultrasound host;
An ultrasonic transducer, a rotating device and an ultrasonic reflector are arranged in the catheter;
One end of the rotating device is rotatably arranged in the catheter and driven to rotate by blood flow, and the other end of the rotating device is fixedly provided with an ultrasonic reflector for reflecting ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducer;
The ultrasonic reflector is driven by the rotating device to rotate so as to form scanning along the circumferential direction of the catheter after the ultrasonic wave is reflected;
the one end that the pipe was kept away from the supersound host computer is provided with the inflow hole, and the other end is provided with the water conservancy diversion window, the blood flow by the inflow hole flows in the pipe flows through and drives rotating device rotates the back, by the water conservancy diversion window outflow.
Preferably, the catheter comprises a front catheter far away from one end of the ultrasonic host and a rear catheter connected with the front catheter, the cross section size of the front catheter is larger than that of the rear catheter, and the rotating device is arranged on the front catheter.
Preferably, a transition section with a gradually reduced size is arranged at the joint of the front guide pipe and the rear guide pipe, and the flow guide window is arranged on the side wall of the transition section.
Preferably, the ultrasonic transducer is provided on a rod-like structure, and the inflow hole includes a first inflow hole and a second inflow hole provided between both sides in a width direction of the rod-like structure and a side wall of the duct.
Preferably, two ends of the rod-shaped structure in the length direction are provided with transducer fixing plates for fixing the two ends to the inner wall of the catheter.
Preferably, the ultrasonic transducer further comprises a wire, one end of the wire is connected with the ultrasonic transducer, and the other end of the wire is connected with the ultrasonic host.
Preferably, the ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic reflector and the rotating device are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the catheter, the ultrasonic transducer is arranged at one end of the catheter away from the ultrasonic host, and the wire is attached to the inner side wall of the catheter.
Preferably, the rotation means comprises a longitudinal flow rotor driven in rotation by the blood flow.
Preferably, the longitudinal flow rotor is cylindrical, and the outer periphery of the longitudinal flow rotor is provided with a spiral flow guide groove.
Preferably, the ultrasonic reflector is provided with an ultrasonic reflecting surface for reflecting the ultrasonic wave, and an included angle between a plane of the ultrasonic reflecting surface and the rotation axis of the longitudinal liquid flow rotor is 45 degrees.
Preferably, a positioning shaft is arranged at one end of the longitudinal liquid flow rotor, which is far away from the ultrasonic transducer, the positioning shaft is sleeved in an upper positioning frame, the upper positioning frame is fixed in the catheter, and the positioning shaft is rotationally connected with the upper positioning frame.
Preferably, a tail end positioning needle is arranged at one end of the positioning shaft far away from the longitudinal liquid flow rotor, and the cross section diameter of the tail end positioning needle is smaller than that of the positioning shaft;
The tail end positioning needle is sleeved in the lower positioning frame, the lower positioning frame is arranged at the lower part of the upper positioning frame, and the tail end positioning needle is rotatably arranged relative to the lower positioning frame.
Preferably, the central axis of the tail positioning needle and the central axis of the positioning shaft are collinear with the rotation axis of the longitudinal liquid flow rotor.
Preferably, a flow stabilizer for avoiding turbulence is arranged at one end of the longitudinal liquid flow rotor, which is far away from the ultrasonic transducer;
The flow stabilizer is of a truncated cone-shaped structure, and the area of the upper bottom surface of the truncated cone-shaped structure connected with the longitudinal liquid flow rotor is larger than that of the lower bottom surface of the truncated cone-shaped structure;
One end of the flow stabilizer is connected with the longitudinal liquid flow rotor, and the other end of the flow stabilizer is connected with the positioning shaft.
Preferably, the device further comprises a blood pressure sensor for detecting the blood pressure in the catheter and transmitting the detection result to the ultrasonic host, and the blood pressure sensor is connected with the ultrasonic host.
A method of processing ultrasound echo signals using the diagnostic system described above for intravascular ultrasound, comprising:
Measuring the blood pressure value of the position of the rotating device in real time;
Obtaining the rotating speed of the rotating device according to the blood pressure value;
and carrying out ultrasonic imaging according to the corresponding relation between the rotating speed and the ultrasonic echo signal and time.
Preferably, the obtaining the rotation speed of the rotating device according to the blood pressure value includes:
Inquiring a data table to obtain the rotating speed corresponding to the blood pressure value;
The data table is obtained through experimental measurement or through modeling simulation.
Preferably, the performing ultrasonic imaging according to the rotational speed and the correspondence between the ultrasonic echo signals and time includes:
arranging the intervals of the scanning lines according to the corresponding relation between the rotating speed and time;
And displaying the ultrasonic echo signals as images on the corresponding scanning lines according to the corresponding relation between the ultrasonic echo signals and time.
Preferably, the performing ultrasonic imaging according to the rotational speed and the correspondence between the ultrasonic echo signals and time includes:
The distance is in direct proportion to the product of the time intervals of adjacent ultrasonic echo signals and the corresponding rotating speeds; the corresponding rotating speed is the rotating speed corresponding to the time corresponding to any scanning line at two sides of the interval, or is the average value or interpolation of the two rotating speeds of the two times corresponding to the scanning lines at two sides of the interval.
Preferably, the ultrasonic imaging according to the rotational speed and the correspondence between the ultrasonic echo signals and time further includes:
when the interval of the scanning lines is larger than a first preset value, the emission frequency of ultrasonic excitation pulses is increased;
Or inserting a transition scanning line in the interval of which the interval of the scanning lines is larger than the first preset value, wherein the image displayed by the transition scanning line adopts the average value or interpolation of the images displayed by the adjacent scanning lines;
preferably, the ultrasonic imaging according to the rotational speed and the correspondence between the ultrasonic echo signals and time further includes:
and discarding the scanning lines on one side or two sides of the interval when the interval of the scanning lines is smaller than a second preset value.
The invention provides a diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound, which comprises: a catheter and an ultrasound host for transmitting ultrasound excitation pulses and processing received echo signals;
An ultrasonic transducer, a rotating device and an ultrasonic reflector are arranged in the catheter;
One end of the rotating device is rotatably arranged in the catheter and driven to rotate by blood flow, and the other end of the rotating device is fixedly provided with an ultrasonic reflector for reflecting ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducer;
the ultrasonic reflector is driven by the rotating device to rotate so as to scan along the circumferential direction of the catheter after the ultrasonic wave is reflected;
The one end that the pipe was kept away from the supersound host computer is provided with the inflow hole, and the other end is provided with the water conservancy diversion window, and the blood flow flows in the pipe by the inflow hole, flows through and drives the rotation device and rotate, flows out by the water conservancy diversion window.
In the using process, a catheter in a diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound is stretched from an artery to the inside of the blood vessel, the catheter is placed at a suspected focus position by means of radiography, B ultrasonic and the like, at the moment, the flow of arterial blood drives a rotating device to rotate, an ultrasonic host is started, the ultrasonic host generates ultrasonic excitation pulse and transmits the excitation electric signal to an ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer generates ultrasonic waves under the action of the ultrasonic excitation pulse, the ultrasonic waves are reflected by an ultrasonic reflector after being emitted to form an ultrasonic scanning ring along the circumference of the catheter, so that tissues at the suspected focus position are comprehensively scanned, echo signals are generated after the ultrasonic waves contact an object, the echo signals return to an ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer sends the echo signals to the ultrasonic host, and the ultrasonic host processes the echo signals to form related images and displays detection results.
Compared with the prior art, the diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound does not need driving of external power equipment, and can directly drive the rotating device to rotate by using power generated in the blood flowing process, so that the rotating device is simplified, and the cost is saved; and after the power driving equipment is canceled, the catheter system can be more easily miniaturized, and the catheter size can be further reduced; and the rotating device can drive the ultrasonic reflector to rotate, so that ultrasonic waves form an ultrasonic scanning ring, the rotating device does not need to drive the ultrasonic transducer to rotate, the load of the rotating device is lightened, the rotation of a connecting part between the ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonic host is avoided, and the reliability of the detection process is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the upper spacer;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the upper spacer;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the lower spacer;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the upper spacer;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a longitudinal flow rotor;
FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a longitudinal flow rotor;
FIG. 8 is a schematic rotation of a longitudinal flow rotor;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the rotating device and the ultrasonic reflector;
FIG. 10 is a top view of an ultrasonic transducer;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a structure of a guide window;
Fig. 12 is a flow chart of a specific embodiment of a method of processing an ultrasonic echo signal.
In fig. 1-12:
The ultrasonic flow guide device comprises a front guide pipe 1, an ultrasonic transducer 2, a transducer fixing disc 3, an ultrasonic schematic wave 4, a lead 5, an ultrasonic reflector 6, a longitudinal flow rotor 7, a flow guide groove 8, a flow stabilizer 9, an upper positioning frame 10, an upper positioning frame peripheral part 11, a shaft sleeve 12, a positioning shaft 13, a lower positioning frame 14, a rear guide pipe 15, an ultrasonic reflection surface 16, a lower positioning frame peripheral part 17, a lower positioning hole 18, a tail end positioning needle 19 and a flow guide window 20.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The core of the invention is to provide a diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound, which enables a rotating part to be directly driven to rotate by blood flow, can simplify the structure of the rotating part and reduces the operation cost. Another core of the present invention is to provide a method for processing an ultrasound echo signal using the diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound as described above.
Referring to fig. 1-12, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound according to a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a top view of the upper spacer; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the upper spacer; FIG. 4 is a top view of the lower spacer; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the upper spacer; FIG. 6 is a top view of a longitudinal flow rotor; FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a longitudinal flow rotor; FIG. 8 is a schematic rotation of a longitudinal flow rotor; FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the rotating device and the ultrasonic reflector; FIG. 10 is a top view of an ultrasonic transducer; FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a structure of a guide window; fig. 12 is a flow chart of a specific embodiment of a method of processing an ultrasonic echo signal.
The diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound provided in this embodiment includes:
A catheter and an ultrasound host for transmitting ultrasound excitation pulses and processing received echo signals;
an ultrasonic transducer 2, a rotating device and an ultrasonic reflector 6 are arranged in the catheter;
One end of the rotating device is rotatably arranged in the catheter and driven to rotate by blood flow, and the other end of the rotating device is fixedly provided with an ultrasonic reflector 6 for reflecting ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducer 2;
the ultrasonic reflector 6 is driven by a rotating device to rotate so as to scan along the circumferential direction of the catheter after the ultrasonic wave is reflected;
The one end that the pipe was kept away from the supersound host computer is provided with the inflow hole, and the other end is provided with the water conservancy diversion window 20, and the blood flow flows in the pipe by the inflow hole, flows through and drives the rotation device and rotate, flows out by the water conservancy diversion window 20.
It should be noted that, the ultrasonic scanning ring in this embodiment may scan 360 ° along the circumferential direction of the catheter, so as to achieve a comprehensive inspection of the suspected lesion.
In the using process, a catheter in a diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound is stretched from an artery to the inside of the blood vessel, the catheter system is placed at a suspected focus position by means of radiography, B ultrasonic and the like, at the moment, the flow of arterial blood drives a rotating device to rotate, an ultrasonic host is started, the ultrasonic host generates ultrasonic excitation pulse, the excitation electric signal is transmitted to an ultrasonic transducer 2, the ultrasonic transducer 2 generates ultrasonic waves under the action of the ultrasonic excitation pulse, after the ultrasonic waves are emitted, the ultrasonic waves are reflected by an ultrasonic reflector 6 to form an ultrasonic scanning ring along the circumference of the catheter, so that tissues at the suspected focus position are comprehensively scanned, echo signals are generated after the ultrasonic waves contact an object, the echo signals return to the ultrasonic transducer 2, the ultrasonic transducer 2 transmits the echo signals to the ultrasonic host, the ultrasonic host processes the echo signals to form related images, a detection result is displayed, and a doctor can judge whether the lesions appear or not through the displayed images.
Compared with the prior art, the diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound does not need driving of external power equipment, and can directly drive the rotating device to rotate by using power generated in the blood flowing process, so that the structure of the rotating device is simplified, and the operation cost is saved; and after the power driving equipment is canceled, the catheter system can be more easily miniaturized, and the catheter size can be further reduced; and the rotating device can drive the ultrasonic reflector 6 to rotate, so that ultrasonic waves form an ultrasonic scanning ring, the rotating device does not need to drive the ultrasonic transducer 2 to rotate, the load of the rotating device is lightened, the rotation of a connecting part between the ultrasonic transducer 2 and an ultrasonic host is avoided, and the reliability of the detection process is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in order to enable the rotating device to obtain sufficient rotating power, the catheter may include a front catheter 1 far from one end of the ultrasound main machine and a rear catheter 15 connected with the front catheter 1, and the cross-sectional dimension of the front catheter 1 is larger than that of the rear catheter 15, and the rotating device is disposed on the front catheter 1.
The diameter of the front catheter 1 is larger than that of the rear catheter 15, and the resistance of the blood flowing through the front catheter 1 is larger than that of the blood flowing through the rear catheter 15, so that the blood inflow end and the blood outflow end of the catheter system form a hydraulic pressure difference, and the internal rotating device rotates.
The junction of the front catheter 1 and the rear catheter 15 is provided with a transition section with a tapered size, and the side wall of the transition section is provided with a diversion window 20 for letting out blood.
As shown in fig. 11, in order to view the diversion window 20 from the bottom of the structure in fig. 1, the diversion window 20 is preferably uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the transition section, and the diversion window 20 has a fan-shaped structure; it should be noted that, the specific number of the diversion windows 20 needs to be determined according to the actual situation, which is not described herein.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, in order to allow blood to smoothly enter the interior of the front catheter 1, the ultrasonic transducer 2 may be provided on the rod-like structure, and the inflow holes include a first inflow hole and a second inflow hole provided between both sides in the width direction of the rod-like structure and the side wall of the catheter; the blood flows into the catheter through the first inflow hole and the second inflow hole, flows through the rotation device and drives the rotation device to rotate, and then flows out through the diversion window 20.
Preferably, two ends of the rod-shaped structure in the length direction are provided with transducer fixing plates 3 for fixing the rod-shaped structure on the inner wall of the catheter.
As shown in fig. 10, the rod-like structure is disposed along a certain diameter of the front catheter 1, and both ends in the length direction thereof are fixed to the inner side wall of the front catheter 1 through the transducer fixing plate 3; preferably, the size of the first inflow hole is the same as the size of the second inflow hole, and blood flows into the front catheter 1 through the first inflow hole and the second inflow hole.
In order to achieve a reliable signal connection between the ultrasound machine and the ultrasound transducer 2, a wire 5 for transmitting ultrasound excitation pulses to the ultrasound transducer 2 and echo signals to the ultrasound machine may be provided; one end of the wire 5 is connected with the ultrasonic transducer 2, and the other end is connected with the ultrasonic host.
Preferably, the ultrasonic transducer 2, the ultrasonic reflector 6 and the rotating device are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the catheter, the ultrasonic transducer 2 is arranged at one end of the catheter far away from the ultrasonic host, and the conducting wire 5 is attached to the inner side wall of the catheter.
The ultrasonic transducer 2 is arranged at the front end of the catheter, and can be firstly close to the suspected focus position, so that the length of the catheter extending into the blood vessel is reduced as much as possible, and the pain of a patient is relieved.
The wires 5 may be two flat wires, and are tightly attached to the inner walls of the front catheter 1 and the rear catheter 15, or may be two thin wires, and are tightly attached to the inner walls of the front catheter 1 and the rear catheter 15, or may be parallel coated wires formed by plating metal films, or may be other structures, which are specifically determined according to practical situations and are not described herein.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the structure of the rotating device may be further defined, so that the rotating device includes a longitudinal flow rotor 7, and the longitudinal flow rotor 7 is driven to rotate by blood flow.
Preferably, the longitudinal flow rotor 7 has a cylindrical shape, and the outer peripheral portion of the longitudinal flow rotor 7 is provided with a spiral flow guide groove 8.
As shown in fig. 7, the longitudinal flow rotor 7 has a cylindrical structure, and the flow guide grooves 8 are formed in a spiral shape on the outer periphery of the longitudinal flow rotor 7, so that a circumferential force is applied to the longitudinal flow rotor 7 when blood flows through the flow guide grooves 8; as shown in fig. 8, since the blood flows out from the upper portion to the lower portion through the flow guide groove 8, the flow guide groove 8 is spirally provided, and thus, the blood acts on the inner side wall of the flow guide groove 8 in the circumferential direction of the longitudinal flow rotor 7 during the flow along the flow guide groove 8, and the longitudinal flow rotor 7 is rotated in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure.
It should be noted that, the specific depth and width of the diversion trench 8 need to be determined according to the actual situation, and different rotation speeds and torques can be obtained by changing the depth, width and setting angle of the diversion trench 8, and the specific needs need to be determined according to the actual situation, which will not be described herein.
Preferably, the diversion trenches 8 are spiral structures with uniform depth and uniform width, and at least two diversion trenches 8 are uniformly arranged along the outer periphery of the longitudinal liquid flow rotor 7.
On the basis of the above embodiment, an ultrasonic reflection surface 16 for reflecting ultrasonic waves may be provided on the ultrasonic reflector 6, and the angle between the plane of the ultrasonic reflection surface 16 and the rotation axis of the longitudinal flow rotor 7 is 45 °.
As shown in fig. 9, the ultrasonic reflector 6 is disposed at the upper part of the longitudinal flow rotor 7 and connected to the longitudinal flow rotor 7, preferably, the ultrasonic reflector 6 has a columnar structure with the same diameter as the longitudinal flow rotor 7, and the upper end surface of the ultrasonic reflector 6 is an ultrasonic reflecting surface 16 having an angle of 45 ° with the rotation axis of the longitudinal flow rotor 7, preferably, the central axis of the longitudinal flow rotor 7 coincides with the central axis of the ultrasonic reflector 6.
When blood flows through the longitudinal liquid flow rotor 7, the longitudinal liquid flow rotor 7 is driven to rotate, the longitudinal liquid flow rotor 7 drives the ultrasonic reflector 6 to rotate, the ultrasonic reflecting surface 16 rotates along with the ultrasonic reflector 6 in the rotating process, as shown in fig. 1, the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic transducer 2 is in the direction of ultrasonic wave 4 in fig. 1, the direction of the ultrasonic wave 4 is downward along the length direction of the catheter, after reaching the ultrasonic reflecting surface 16, the ultrasonic wave is reflected by the ultrasonic reflecting surface 16, the direction of the reflected ultrasonic wave is outwards perpendicular to the length direction of the catheter, and the ultrasonic reflecting surface 16 is driven to rotate by the longitudinal liquid flow rotor 7, so that the ultrasonic wave is reflected to any direction along 360 degrees along the circumferential direction of the catheter in the rotating process, a 360-degree scanning ring along the circumferential direction of the catheter is formed, the tissue of a suspected lesion part is comprehensively detected, echo signals are generated after the ultrasonic wave contacts human tissues, the echo signals return in the original way, after reaching the ultrasonic reflecting surface 16, the ultrasonic wave is reflected to the ultrasonic transducer 2, the echo signals are transmitted to an ultrasonic host after the echo signals are received, and the ultrasonic host is processed to the received, and related echo signals are processed, so that related echo images are formed.
On the basis of the embodiment, one end of the longitudinal liquid flow rotor 7, which is far away from the ultrasonic transducer 2, is provided with a positioning shaft 13, the positioning shaft 13 is sleeved in the upper positioning frame 10, the upper positioning frame 10 is fixed in the catheter, and the positioning shaft 13 is rotationally connected with the upper positioning frame 10.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the upper positioning frame 10 has a ring structure with a mounting hole in the middle, the mounting hole is connected with the upper positioning frame peripheral portion 11 through a connecting portion, the upper positioning frame peripheral portion 11 is attached to the inner wall of the front catheter 1, a shaft sleeve 12 is arranged in the mounting hole, the positioning shaft 13 has a cylindrical structure, and the positioning shaft 13 is sized to be matched with the shaft sleeve 12, so that the positioning shaft 13 is rotatably arranged relative to the upper positioning frame 10.
Preferably, bearings for matching with the positioning shaft 13 are arranged in the shaft sleeve 12, and the central axis of the positioning shaft 13, the central axis of the upper positioning frame 10 and the central axis of the shaft sleeve 12 are all collinear.
In order to make the positioning of the rotating device more reliable, a tail positioning needle 19 can be arranged at one end of the positioning shaft 13 far away from the longitudinal liquid flow rotor 7, and the cross section diameter of the tail positioning needle 19 is smaller than that of the positioning shaft 13;
The tail end positioning needle 19 is sleeved in the lower positioning frame 14, the lower positioning frame 14 is arranged at the lower part of the upper positioning frame 10, and the tail end positioning needle 19 is rotatably arranged relative to the lower positioning frame 14.
The tail end positioning needle 19 and the positioning shaft 13 are arranged in a step shape, so that the impact force born by the shaft sleeve 12 can be reduced.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the structure of the lower positioning frame 14 is similar to that of the upper positioning frame 10, and a lower positioning frame peripheral portion 17 attached to the inner side wall of the front catheter 1 is provided, but the lower positioning frame 14 is only provided with a lower positioning hole 18 for installing a tail positioning needle 19, so that the positioning shaft 13 can be precisely matched with the shaft sleeve 12 in the installation process, and the tail positioning needle 19 is matched with the lower positioning hole 18, thereby reducing the assembly difficulty.
Preferably, the central axis of the upper positioning frame 10, the central axis of the lower positioning frame 14, the central axis of the lower positioning hole 18, the central axis of the tail positioning needle 19 and the central axis of the positioning shaft 13 are all coincident.
Preferably, the central axis of the tail positioning needle 19 and the central axis of the positioning shaft 13 are all collinear with the rotation axis of the longitudinal flow rotor 7.
In order to avoid turbulence of water flow and torque disturbance in the flowing process of blood, a stabilizer 9 for avoiding turbulence can be arranged at one end of the longitudinal liquid flow rotor 7 away from the ultrasonic transducer 2; the flow stabilizer 9 is of a truncated cone-shaped structure, and the area of the upper bottom surface of the truncated cone-shaped structure connected with the longitudinal liquid flow rotor 7 is larger than that of the lower bottom surface of the truncated cone-shaped structure;
One end of the flow stabilizer 9 is connected with the longitudinal liquid flow rotor 7, and the other end is connected with the positioning shaft 13.
As shown in fig. 9, the upper bottom surface of the flow stabilizer 9 has the same size as the bottom surface of the longitudinal flow rotor 7, and after the blood flows out from the flow guide groove 8, when flowing through the area where the flow stabilizer 9 is located, the flowable space is increased, the flow velocity is reduced, and the generation of turbulent flow can be effectively avoided.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound can further comprise a blood pressure sensor for detecting blood pressure in the catheter and transmitting the detection result to the ultrasound host, and the blood pressure sensor is connected with the ultrasound host.
In addition to the diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound described above, the present invention also provides a method of ultrasonic echo signal processing using the diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound disclosed in the above embodiments, the method of ultrasonic echo signal processing comprising:
Step S1: and measuring the blood pressure value of the position of the rotating device in real time.
In the step S1, the blood pressure sensor measures the blood pressure value of the position of the rotating device, and transmits the measured blood pressure value information to the ultrasound host.
It should be noted that, in the actual use process of the diagnostic system, the blood flow is not uniform, but is pulsating, and has periodic flow rate variation; the existence of periodic variation of blood flow can cause uneven rotation speed of the longitudinal liquid flow rotor 7, if the echo imaging software algorithm in the ultrasonic host cannot synchronize the variation, the operation is still carried out at a constant speed, image distortion can be caused, and the phenomenon called NURD in the IVUS field is one of important indexes for measuring the IVUS performance.
In order to solve the phenomenon, the invention needs to add a blood pressure sensor to continuously monitor the blood pressure value when in actual implementation, simultaneously synchronously transmit the change periodic curve of the blood pressure to the CPU of the ultrasonic host computer, introduce the value by an echo imaging algorithm, and correct the imaging of the algorithm. The corrected image is compared with the original correct image in actual height.
Step S2: and rotating the rotating device according to the blood pressure value.
In the above step S2, according to the relationship between the pressure and the flow rate in the fluid, the relationship between the rotational speed and the flow rate of the rotating device can be calculated from the blood pressure value to obtain the rotational speed of the rotating device at any time point.
Step S3: and carrying out ultrasonic imaging according to the corresponding relation between the rotating speed and the ultrasonic echo signal and time.
According to the rotation speed of the rotation device, a corresponding relation image of the rotation speed of the rotation device and time can be obtained, on the basis of the corresponding relation image of the rotation speed and time, the ultrasonic echo signals are corresponding to correct time points, the circumferential positions of blood vessels corresponding to each time point are obtained according to the time and the rotation speed, and then the image of the ultrasonic echo signals corresponding to the circumferential positions of the blood vessels is obtained.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the step S2 may include:
step S21: inquiring a data table to obtain the rotating speed corresponding to the blood pressure value; the data table is obtained through experimental measurement or through modeling simulation.
Under the condition that structural parameters of each part of the diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound are determined, the rotating speed of the corresponding rotating device can be calculated according to the blood pressure value of the position of the rotating device, and the rotating speed of the corresponding rotating device is calculated according to a related formula of fluid mechanics, so that a data table of the rotating speed of the rotating device corresponding to different blood pressure values can be obtained through experiments or modeling simulation in advance.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the step S3 may include:
step S31: and arranging the intervals of the scanning lines according to the corresponding relation between the rotating speed and time.
In the step S31, the interval is proportional to the product of the time interval between adjacent ultrasonic echo signals and the corresponding rotation speed, where the corresponding rotation speed is the rotation speed corresponding to the time corresponding to any one of the scanning lines on both sides of the interval, or is the average value or interpolation of the two rotation speeds of the two times corresponding to the scanning lines on both sides of the interval.
Step S32: and displaying the ultrasonic echo signals as images on corresponding scanning lines according to the corresponding relation between the ultrasonic echo signals and time.
The step S3 further includes:
When the interval of the scanning lines is larger than a first preset value, the emission frequency of ultrasonic excitation pulses is increased; or inserting a transition scanning line in the interval of which the interval of the scanning lines is larger than the first preset value, wherein the image displayed by the transition scanning line adopts the average value or interpolation of the images displayed by the adjacent scanning lines.
The first preset value is a predetermined maximum interval value meeting the requirement, the specific value of the first preset value needs to be determined according to the actual requirement, and when the interval between adjacent scanning lines is larger than the first preset value, the density of the scanning lines can be improved by improving the emission frequency of ultrasonic excitation pulses; or inserting an excessive scanning line between two scanning lines with the distance larger than a first preset value, wherein the excessive scanning line is a method used in the data processing process, and the image displayed by the excessive scanning line adopts the average value or interpolation of the images displayed by the adjacent scanning lines.
And discarding the scanning lines on one side or two sides of the interval when the interval of the scanning lines is smaller than a second preset value.
The second preset value is a minimum interval value which is determined in advance and meets the requirement, the specific value of the second preset value needs to be determined according to the actual requirement, and the scan line on one side of the interval or the scan lines on two sides of the interval can be selected according to the requirement in the data processing process, and the specific value is determined according to the actual condition.
When IVUS echo imaging is carried out, the measured data of the blood pressure change along with time can be introduced, so that the rotating speed of the rotating device at any time point can be known, the echo signal at each time point is further corresponding to the correct time point, each scanning line is corresponding to the correct position on the image display, and the position refers to the circumferential position on the axial tangent plane of the circular blood vessel.
It should be noted that, after each scan line is corresponding to its correct position, the axial section image of the blood vessel displayed may have the following solutions for the problem because the scan lines are sparse in some places and dense in some places, and are not uniform in nature:
Only the sparsest place of the scanning line is required to be ensured to meet the basic granularity requirement.
Or selecting a higher emission frequency at a sparse place to compensate for the sparseness, so as to obtain an image with uniformly distributed scanning lines, namely selecting a non-uniform emission frequency when ultrasonic scanning is performed; it is explained here that the mentioned emission frequency is constant, and that the density refers to the length of the interval.
The method can also insert some transitional scanning lines at a sparse place, and the brightness of gray points on the transitional scanning lines calculates a transitional intermediate value according to a common mathematical algorithm, so that an image with uniform scanning line distribution is obtained.
In a denser place, namely a place with low rotor rotation speed, some scanning lines are extracted and discarded to reduce calculation load, but the whole is ensured to meet basic granularity requirements, so that an image with uniformly distributed scanning lines is obtained.
Because various sphygmomanometers in the market are very common and various, the finished sphygmomanometer capable of synchronously outputting blood pressure signals to an ultrasonic host interface only at all times has USB protocol, I2C protocol, SMbus protocol and Internet protocol, and the parts are not the content of the invention, so that the description is omitted.
It should be noted that, the first and second inflow holes in the present document are merely for distinguishing the difference in position, and are not sequentially separated.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. Any combination of all the embodiments provided in the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention, and will not be described herein.
The diagnostic system and method for intravascular ultrasound provided by the present invention have been described in detail, and specific examples are provided herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present invention, which are only to aid in understanding the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (15)
1. A diagnostic system applied to intravascular ultrasound, which comprises a catheter and an ultrasound host; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
An ultrasonic transducer (2), a rotating device and an ultrasonic reflector (6) are arranged in the catheter;
One end of the rotating device is rotatably arranged in the catheter and driven to rotate by blood flow, and the other end of the rotating device is fixedly provided with an ultrasonic reflector (6) for reflecting ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducer (2);
The ultrasonic reflector (6) is driven by the rotating device to rotate so as to scan along the circumferential direction of the catheter after the ultrasonic wave is reflected;
An inflow hole is formed in one end, far away from the ultrasonic host, of the catheter, a flow guide window (20) is formed in the other end of the catheter, blood flows into the catheter through the inflow hole, flows through the catheter and drives the rotating device to rotate, and then flows out of the flow guide window (20);
the catheter comprises a front catheter (1) far away from one end of the ultrasonic main machine and a rear catheter (15) connected with the front catheter (1), the cross section size of the front catheter (1) is larger than that of the rear catheter (15), and the rotating device is arranged on the front catheter (1);
The junction of the front conduit (1) and the rear conduit (15) is provided with a transition section with a gradually-reduced size, and the flow guide window (20) is arranged on the side wall of the transition section;
the rotation device comprises a longitudinal liquid flow rotor (7), wherein the longitudinal liquid flow rotor (7) is driven to rotate by the blood flow;
The longitudinal liquid flow rotor (7) is cylindrical, and the periphery of the longitudinal liquid flow rotor is provided with a spiral diversion trench (8);
The ultrasonic transducer (2) is arranged on a rod-shaped structure, and two ends of the length direction of the rod-shaped structure are provided with transducer fixing discs (3) for fixing the ultrasonic transducer (2) on the inner wall of the catheter; the rod-shaped structure is arranged along the diameter direction of the front catheter (1);
The inflow hole comprises a first inflow hole and a second inflow hole which are arranged between two sides of the width direction of the rod-shaped structure and the side wall of the conduit; blood flows into the front catheter (1) through the first inflow hole and the second inflow hole.
2. Diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound according to claim 1, further comprising a wire (5) connected at one end to the ultrasound transducer (2) and at the other end to the ultrasound host.
3. The diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic transducer (2), the ultrasonic reflector (6) and the rotating device are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the catheter, the ultrasonic transducer (2) is arranged at one end of the catheter far away from the ultrasonic host, and the wire (5) is attached to the inner side wall of the catheter.
4. Diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultrasound reflector (6) is provided with an ultrasound reflecting surface (16) for reflecting the ultrasound waves, the angle between the plane of the ultrasound reflecting surface (16) and the rotation axis of the longitudinal flow rotor (7) being 45 °.
5. Diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound according to claim 1, characterized in that the end of the longitudinal flow rotor (7) remote from the ultrasound transducer (2) is provided with a positioning shaft (13), the positioning shaft (13) is sleeved in an upper positioning frame (10), the upper positioning frame (10) is fixed in the catheter, and the positioning shaft (13) is in rotational connection with the upper positioning frame (10).
6. Diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound according to claim 5, characterized in that the end of the positioning shaft (13) remote from the longitudinal flow rotor (7) is provided with a trailing positioning needle (19), and that the cross-sectional diameter of the trailing positioning needle (19) is smaller than the cross-sectional diameter of the positioning shaft (13);
The tail end positioning needle (19) is sleeved in the lower positioning frame (14), the lower positioning frame (14) is arranged at the lower part of the upper positioning frame (10), and the tail end positioning needle (19) is rotatably arranged relative to the lower positioning frame (14).
7. Diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound according to claim 6, characterized in that the central axis of the trailing positioning needle (19) and the central axis of the positioning shaft (13) are all collinear with the rotational axis of the longitudinal flow rotor (7).
8. Diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound according to claim 5, characterized in that the end of the longitudinal flow rotor (7) remote from the ultrasound transducer (2) is provided with a flow stabilizer (9) for avoiding turbulence;
the flow stabilizer (9) is of a truncated cone-shaped structure, and the area of the upper bottom surface of the truncated cone-shaped structure connected with the longitudinal liquid flow rotor (7) is larger than that of the lower bottom surface of the truncated cone-shaped structure;
One end of the steady flow body (9) is connected with the longitudinal liquid flow rotor (7), and the other end is connected with the positioning shaft (13).
9. The diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound according to any of claims 1-8, further comprising a blood pressure sensor for detecting blood pressure within the catheter and communicating the detection to the ultrasound host, wherein the blood pressure sensor is coupled to the ultrasound host.
10. A method of processing ultrasound echo signals, characterized in that a diagnostic system for intravascular ultrasound according to claim 9 is used and comprises:
Measuring the blood pressure value of the position of the rotating device in real time;
Obtaining the rotating speed of the rotating device according to the blood pressure value;
and carrying out ultrasonic imaging according to the corresponding relation between the rotating speed and the ultrasonic echo signal and time.
11. The method for processing ultrasonic echo signals according to claim 10, wherein said deriving the rotational speed of the rotating device from the blood pressure value comprises:
Inquiring a data table to obtain the rotating speed corresponding to the blood pressure value;
The data table is obtained through experimental measurement or through modeling simulation.
12. The method for processing the ultrasonic echo signal according to claim 10, wherein the ultrasonic imaging according to the rotational speed, the correspondence between the ultrasonic echo signal and time comprises:
arranging the intervals of the scanning lines according to the corresponding relation between the rotating speed and time;
And displaying the ultrasonic echo signals as images on the corresponding scanning lines according to the corresponding relation between the ultrasonic echo signals and time.
13. The method for processing the ultrasonic echo signal according to claim 12, wherein the ultrasonic imaging according to the rotational speed, the correspondence between the ultrasonic echo signal and time comprises:
The distance is in direct proportion to the product of the time intervals of adjacent ultrasonic echo signals and the corresponding rotating speeds; the corresponding rotating speed is the rotating speed corresponding to the time corresponding to any scanning line at two sides of the interval, or is the average value or interpolation of the two rotating speeds of the two times corresponding to the scanning lines at two sides of the interval.
14. The method for processing the ultrasonic echo signal according to claim 12, wherein the ultrasonic imaging is performed according to the rotational speed, the correspondence between the ultrasonic echo signal and time, further comprising:
when the interval of the scanning lines is larger than a first preset value, the emission frequency of ultrasonic excitation pulses is increased;
or inserting a transition scanning line in the interval of which the interval of the scanning lines is larger than the first preset value, wherein the image displayed by the transition scanning line adopts the average value or interpolation of the images displayed by the adjacent scanning lines.
15. The method for processing the ultrasonic echo signal according to claim 12, wherein the ultrasonic imaging is performed according to the rotational speed, the correspondence between the ultrasonic echo signal and time, further comprising:
and discarding the scanning lines on one side or two sides of the interval when the interval of the scanning lines is smaller than a second preset value.
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