CN110212797A - A kind of MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy based on stand-by heat vector substitution - Google Patents

A kind of MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy based on stand-by heat vector substitution Download PDF

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CN110212797A
CN110212797A CN201910429844.0A CN201910429844A CN110212797A CN 110212797 A CN110212797 A CN 110212797A CN 201910429844 A CN201910429844 A CN 201910429844A CN 110212797 A CN110212797 A CN 110212797A
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vector
submodule
subelement
mmc
stand
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CN110212797B (en
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白志红
李奕飞
陈浩奇
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1225—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to internal faults, e.g. shoot-through
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of MMC fault-tolerant operation strategies based on stand-by heat vector substitution, it include: (1) when MMC is operated normally, two submodules of the every mutually same bridge arm of MMC are combined, three-phase is integrally formed new control subelement, and each subelement is independently controlled with Space Vector Modulation Strategy；(2) when monitoring MMC sub-module fault, failure submodule is bypassed, health submodule corresponding in other subelements is set as stand-by heat submodule simultaneously, by control real work submodule quantity and its capacitance voltage, vector needed for constructing subelement；(3) with the vector lacked in the vector of construction substitution subelement, guarantee MMC fault-tolerant operation, keep line voltage amplitude constant.Using the present invention, a phase bridge arm is allowed to have the sub-module fault of half quantity, does not increase hardware, and can guarantee line voltage peak value and line voltage level quantity simultaneously to a certain extent.

Description

A kind of MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy based on stand-by heat vector substitution
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrical engineering fields, more particularly, to a kind of MMC fault-tolerant operation based on stand-by heat vector substitution Strategy.
Background technique
For MMC, it is assumed that every phase has n submodule, and the probability that each module works normally is r, then n submodule The probability that block works normally is rn.So the reliability of single-phase MMC inverter is rn.For same single-phase MMC inverter, such as Fruit can permit a sub-module fault, then its reliability is rn+n×rn-1×(1-r).It is obvious that can be with tolerant system Reliability is much higher than fault-intolerant system.
Existing fault-tolerant strategy can be divided into software fault-tolerant and hardware fault-tolerant.
Spare module failure tolerance is traditional hardware fault-tolerant mode, and is divided into cold standby and stand-by heat.It is excellent for cold standby Point is that loss is lower, but carries out charging to capacitor and need the time, so the investment speed of cold standby submodule is slower.For heat Spare, loss is larger, and algorithm is complicated.It can make the MMC inverter after breaking down using spare module failure tolerance mode Phase voltage, line voltage is all no different with phase voltage, the line voltage under normal condition.But this mode increases economic cost, The loss of MMC is also increased at runtime.
It is fault-tolerant for software MMC, it is commonly exactly the submodule for bypassing corresponding bridge arm or corresponding bridge arm and corresponding phase.This Kind mode is easy to operate, ensure that the output of maximum power, but be the reduction of voltage level number, and due to having bypassed health Submodule will cause a degree of waste.Fault-tolerant there are also applying the strategy of null offset to carry out, this fault-tolerant way is to guarantee For the purpose of normal line voltage, but it cannot be guaranteed maximum output voltage.In addition MMC is controlled using SVM, it is other when failure occurs Road corresponds to the submodule of bridge arm, produces new vector, and new vector can be used and synthesize to magnetic linkage, this mode is reduced The level number of line voltage.
Hardware fault-tolerant increases the cost of hardware, cannot although software fault-tolerant can be to avoid more hardware be added Guarantee line voltage peak value and line voltage level quantity simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy based on stand-by heat vector substitution, and a phase bridge arm is allowed to have half The sub-module fault of quantity does not increase hardware, and can guarantee line voltage peak value and line voltage electricity simultaneously to a certain extent Flat quantity.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy based on stand-by heat vector substitution, comprising:
(1) when MMC is operated normally, two submodules of the every mutually same bridge arm of MMC are combined, three are integrated shape The control subelement of Cheng Xin, each subelement are independently controlled with Space Vector Modulation Strategy；
(2) when monitoring MMC sub-module fault, failure submodule is bypassed, while will be corresponding in other subelements Healthy submodule is set as stand-by heat submodule, passes through control real work submodule quantity and its capacitance voltage, constructor list Vector needed for member；
(3) with the vector lacked in the vector of construction substitution subelement, guarantee MMC fault-tolerant operation, keep line voltage amplitude It is constant.
In the present invention, the structure of the MMC is six bridge arm of three-phase, when the submodule quantity of the mutually same bridge arm in MMC When for even number, two submodules of a mutually same bridge arm are combined, six submodules of three-phase form a subelements, often A every phase of subelement can export 2Ucap、UcapWith 0 three kinds of voltages, tri- kinds of switch states of N, O, P are respectively corresponded；
When the submodule of one bridge arm of phase is odd number, then one of subelement is by three submodule groups of three-phase At the voltage 2U of outputcap, 0 corresponding two kinds of switch states of N, P, remaining each subelement is made of six submodules of three-phase.
In a subelement, P-state is defined as (0,0)；O state is defined as (1,0) or (0,1)；N-state is defined as (1,1).Vector is divided into big vector, middle vector sum small vector according to the size of vector.Wherein, 1 submodule investment state is represented, 0, which represents submodule, cuts out state.
In addition, the mode due to seven segmentations is smaller compared to the mode output harmonic wave of five-part form, so each submodule uses The mode output vector of seven segmentations.
In step (1), same bridge arm subelement staggers the time sampling to same reference signal, sampling number and MMC neutron cells Quantity it is consistent, the output voltage of bridge arm is the sum of each subelement output voltage.Because the voltage waveform of each subelement output is not Together, and bridge arm output is the output superposition of each subelement, so the sinusoidal more level states of class are finally presented.The increasing of sampled point quantity The magnetic linkage of synthesis is mostly set to be more nearly circle with the appearance of new direction vector.
In step (2), the concrete mode of vector needed for constructing subelement is as follows: failure submodule being bypassed, by hot standby Mode halves the submodule quantity of failure phase real work, and the capacitance voltage of such failure phase submodule is by original Ucap2U is becomecap.It is in running order in the mutually each subelement only one submodule of failure, therefore failure phase subelement is external Output voltage is 0 or 2Ucap, i.e., failure corresponding to each subelement mutually still has P, N-state, without O state.Remaining does not have In running order submodule is in hot stand-by duty.
The setting principle of stand-by heat submodule are as follows: by analyzing each submodule capacitor voltage size and bridge arm current side To, with capacitance voltage sort method determine that each submodule is hot stand-by duty or working condition.
In step (3), since subelement failure mutually lacks O state, so this subelement lack corresponding small vector and Middle vector, small vector have corresponding redundant vectors to be substituted, and middle vector is then synthesized by corresponding big vector.At this time still It is modulated by the way of seven segmentations, only after sub-module fault, used vector is changed.
Due to being that mutually the submodule quantity that puts into every time halves failure, and submodule capacitor voltage increases one times, institute It is remained unchanged with the amplitude of output line voltage.
The present invention is based on the MMC fault-tolerant operation strategies of stand-by heat vector substitution to be improved by the submodule of stand-by heat health The utilization rate of submodule at most allows a phase bridge arm to have the sub-module fault of half quantity, and additional hard without increasing Part.In such a way that vector substitutes, more intact magnetic linkage can produce.The method both ensure that line voltage peak to a certain extent Value in turn ensures line voltage level quantity.The present invention is suitable for guaranteeing the occasion of line voltage, and being applied to mesohigh motor has Good effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of MMC fault-tolerant operation implementation of strategies flow chart based on stand-by heat vector substitution of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the topology of the three-phase MMC of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the topology of MMC submodule in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the polar plot that a subelement is all in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is MMC line voltage situation of change；
The case where Fig. 6 is bridge arm submodule capacitor voltage variation in the A phase of MMC；
The case where A phase lower bridge arm submodule capacitor voltage variation that Fig. 7 is MMC；
Fig. 8 is line voltage U in emulation experimentcaSchematic diagram；
Fig. 9 is AB line voltage fft analysis when not breaking down；
Figure 10 is AB line voltage fft analysis after faults-tolerant control.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it should be pointed out that reality as described below It applies example to be intended to convenient for the understanding of the present invention, and does not play any restriction effect to it.
MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy the present invention is based on stand-by heat vector substitution is to recombinate SVM modulation strategy in submodule On the basis of carry out.This fault-tolerant strategy is modulated using seven segmentations.The difference of five-part form and seven segmentations is that zero vector is concentrated The mode of realization is different.Zero vector is placed on centre by five-part form, and zero vector is placed on intermediate and both sides by seven segmentations.Five-part form Feature is that on-off times are few；When the characteristics of seven segmentations is from a vectors switching to another vector, only a phase changes, But changes will occur for three-phase in a switch periods, and switching loss is big, but harmonic content is few.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy based on stand-by heat vector substitution, same mutually same bridge arm is appointed Two submodules of anticipating regard one group as, and six submodules of three-phase are as a subelement, when MMC is operated normally to each subelement It is controlled using SVM control signal, the sampling that carries out staggering the time between different subelements is to synthesize more level.The control of lower bridge arm Signal and upper bridge arm cooperate, so that it is fixed value that every phase puts into submodule number every time.
When monitoring MMC sub-module fault, failure submodule is positioned and bypassed, while will be in other subelements Corresponding health submodule is set as stand-by heat submodule, passes through control real work submodule quantity and its capacitance voltage, structure Make vector needed for subelement.
As shown in Fig. 2, for the MMC topology of the N number of submodule of every bridge arm, by taking two sub- block combiners of every phase as an example, two sons Module form subelement a phase, three it is combined be a complete subelement.Each subelement can export 2Ucap、 UcapWith 0 three kinds of voltages, tri- kinds of states of N, O, P can be corresponded to respectively, it then can be to each subelement application space vector tune System.Each subelement sampling instant mutually staggers, and is controlled according to itself sample reference independent utility Space Vector Modulation Strategy System.Finally by each submodule capacitor voltage size and bridge arm current direction is analyzed, the method with capacitance voltage sequence is come Keep submodule capacitor voltage balance.
As shown in figure 3, being the topology of MMC submodule, T1With T2Complementation conducting.Work as T1Conducting, T2When not turning on, capacitor C is connect Enter circuit, submodule is in investment state, output voltage Ucap.Work as T2Conducting, T1When not turning on, capacitor C does not access circuit, son Module is in and cuts out state, output voltage 0.
As shown in figure 4, the polar plot all for a subelement, it is assumed that A phase sub-module fault can not generate O state, draw Falling is the vector of loss.The serial number of big sector and small sector is designated in figure.
Under normal operating conditions, vector sequence of operation is as shown in 1~table of table 6.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Under conditions of A phase sub-module fault, A phase fault here includes having a submodule event in a subelement There are two have situations such as sub-module fault in sub-module fault and multiple subelements in barrier, a subelement.A phase loses at this time O state, then the sequence of vector effect is as shown in 7~table of table 12:
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9
Table 10
Table 11
Table 12
If the submodule of a subelement breaks down.Firstly, being bypassed to the failure submodule.Simultaneously in other sons A submodule is had in unit as stand-by heat submodule.The submodule quantity put into every time in this way does not occur compared to submodule Halve when failure, so that the capacitance voltage of failure phase submodule will increase one times.For failure corresponding to each subelement Phase loses O state, while having produced P, N-state.Vector substitution is carried out in next step.Due to sub-module fault, have Vector has not existed.For small vector, there are the redundant vectors that can be substituted；For middle vector, then need to be closed with big vector At.Finally, the capacitance voltage ordering strategy used balances the capacitance voltage of submodule.
The substitution of centering vector is analyzed below.
3,4,5,6 small sectors in table 8 and table 11 are related to the substitution of middle vector, it can be seen that synthesis needed for only Vector fall in 8 sector two of table 11 sector five of 3,4,5,6 small sectors and table 3,4,5,6 small sector when just need to use middle arrow Amount.
In normal state it can be seen that only positioned at the middle vector [OPN] of sector two and positioned at fan in vector sequence of operation The middle vector [ONP] in area five participates in.And
2 × [OPN]=[NPN]+[PPN]
2 × [ONP]=[NNP]+[PNP]
Wherein [NPN], [PPN], [NNP] and [PNP] is big vector.
The reason of capable of replacing in this way are as follows:
[OPN]×2T1=[NPN] × T1+[PPN]×T1
[ONP]×2T2=[NNP] × T2+[PNP]×T2
Wherein T1One of time, T are acted on for [OPN] in seven segmentations2One of time is acted on for [ONP] in seven segmentations.By Vector substitution formula can be seen that more than two formulas be set up.
As for the sequence of operation of Vector modulation, by taking resultant vector falls in 3 small sectors of two sectors as an example, when not breaking down The sequence of vector effect are as follows:
NON OON OPN OPO OPN OON NON
The sequence that failure is acted on after occurring using fault-tolerant strategy vector are as follows:
NON PPO NPN OPO PPN PPO NON
Will two big vector be placed on the position of vector in original, it is integrally equivalent that such seven sections, which act on,.
The type to break down includes having a sub-module fault in one subelement of a phase, having in one subelement of a phase There is situations such as sub-module fault in two sub-module faults and a mutually multiple subelements, if corresponding one subelement of failure phase Failure all has occurred in two submodules, then needs to borrow the submodule of other subelements, the subelement to break down and is borrowed The subelement of submodule does not have stand-by heat submodule.And the allowed submodule of the quantity of upper and lower bridge arm subelement, as upper and lower bridge arm The quantity of block failure.
In order to verify the effect of fault-tolerant strategy, the result of emulation is given below.
Simulation scenarios, which are set as A phase upper and lower bridge arm, has a submodule to break down, and simulation parameter is as shown in table 13.
Table 13
A phase upper and lower bridge arm respectively has a submodule to break down, then bypasses to the two submodules.Simultaneously with heat Alternative constructions P, N-state carry out vector substitution later.Wherein stand-by heat is by realizing with capacitance voltage sequence.
As seen from Figure 5, after failure occurs, line voltage starts entanglement, and waveform and normal condition gap are larger.When taking After this fault-tolerant strategy, line voltage is not much different with normal condition.It is analyzed by taking CA line voltage in Fig. 8 as an example.Wave shown in circle Shape has lacked a level number, and has voltage raised.This is because middle vector does not have caused by redundant vectors.Middle vector can only be by phase Adjacent two big vector is synthesized, and which results in the variations of waveform, can mainly cause the increase of harmonic wave.
After breaking down it can be seen from Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, failure submodule is bypassed, and the capacitance voltage of failure submodule becomes It is 0.After faults-tolerant control, failure phase submodule capacitor voltage is twice of submodule capacitor voltage when not breaking down.
Fig. 9 and Figure 10 is that the waveform in 10 periods after taking 0.8 second carries out fft analysis.Compare two figures can be seen that it is fault-tolerant The line voltage fundamental voltage amplitude and the offline voltage phase difference of normal condition that method generates are little, and harmonic content is risen.
Technical solution of the present invention and beneficial effect is described in detail in embodiment described above, it should be understood that Above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all to be done in spirit of the invention Any modification, supplementary, and equivalent replacement, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy based on stand-by heat vector substitution characterized by comprising
(1) when MMC is operated normally, two submodules of the every mutually same bridge arm of MMC are combined, three-phase is integrally formed newly Control subelement, each subelement independently controlled with Space Vector Modulation Strategy；
(2) when monitoring MMC sub-module fault, failure submodule is bypassed, while will be corresponding healthy in other subelements Submodule is set as stand-by heat submodule, by control real work submodule quantity and its capacitance voltage, constructs subelement institute Need vector；
(3) with the vector lacked in the vector of construction substitution subelement, guarantee MMC fault-tolerant operation, keep line voltage amplitude constant.
2. the MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy according to claim 1 based on stand-by heat vector substitution, which is characterized in that step (1) in, the structure of the MMC is six bridge arm of three-phase, when the submodule quantity of the mutually same bridge arm in MMC is even number, Two submodules of one mutually same bridge arm are combined, six submodules of three-phase form a subelement, and each subelement is every 2U can mutually be exportedcap、UcapWith 0 three kinds of voltages, tri- kinds of switch states of N, O, P are respectively corresponded；
When the submodule of one bridge arm of phase is odd number, then one of subelement is made of three submodules of three-phase, defeated Voltage 2U outcap, 0 corresponding two kinds of switch states of N, P, remaining each subelement is made of six submodules of three-phase.
3. the MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy according to claim 1 based on stand-by heat vector substitution, which is characterized in that each Submodule output vector by the way of seven segmentations.
4. the MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy according to claim 1 based on stand-by heat vector substitution, which is characterized in that step (1) in, same bridge arm subelement staggers the time sampling to same reference signal, and sampling number is consistent with the quantity of MMC neutron cells, bridge The output voltage of arm is the sum of each subelement output voltage.
5. the MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy according to claim 1 based on stand-by heat vector substitution, which is characterized in that step (2) in, the setting principle of the stand-by heat submodule are as follows:
By analyzing each submodule capacitor voltage size and bridge arm current direction, determined with the method for capacitance voltage sequence each A submodule is hot stand-by duty or working condition.
6. the MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy according to claim 1 based on stand-by heat vector substitution, which is characterized in that step (2) in, the concrete mode of vector needed for constructing subelement is as follows:
Failure submodule is bypassed, halves the submodule quantity of failure phase real work by way of stand-by heat, makes failure The capacitance voltage of phase submodule is by original UcapBecome 2Ucap；At this point, the mutually each subelement only one submodule of failure is in work Make state, the external output voltage of failure phase subelement is 0 or 2Ucap, each subelement still has P, N-state, without O state, The remaining submodule for being not on working condition is in hot stand-by duty.
7. the MMC fault-tolerant operation strategy according to claim 6 based on stand-by heat vector substitution, which is characterized in that step (3) in, with the Specific Principles of the vector lacked in the vector of construction substitution subelement are as follows:
Mutually lack O state according to subelement failure, until this subelement lacks corresponding small vector and middle vector, small vector is by phase The redundant vectors answered are substituted, and middle vector is then synthesized by corresponding big vector.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111313722A (en) * 2020-02-24 2020-06-19 季华实验室 Power supply, power supply fault control method and power supply control method

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CN106787885A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-05-31 中国石油大学(华东) A kind of MMC System Fault Tolerance control methods of irredundant submodule

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CN106787885A (en) * 2017-02-27 2017-05-31 中国石油大学(华东) A kind of MMC System Fault Tolerance control methods of irredundant submodule

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111313722A (en) * 2020-02-24 2020-06-19 季华实验室 Power supply, power supply fault control method and power supply control method

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