CN110211379A - A kind of public transport method for optimizing scheduling based on machine learning - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of public transport method for optimizing scheduling based on machine learning, first according to historical data, agent model is established using the method for machine learning, then initial solution is generated, and it is predicted with agent model, scheme is preferably retained according to optimization aim, then the excellent solution of reservation is sampled, and it is predicted with agent model, the optimization of scheduling scheme is realized according to optimization aim and assessment result.This method, which can be realized to dispatch public transport, carries out Automatic Optimal, so that the scheduling for public transport provides certain auxiliary, provides more convenience for the trip of citizen.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of public transport method for optimizing scheduling based on machine learning, belongs to operational research field.
Background technique
With the promotion at full speed of economic level, the quantity rapid increase of private car, self-driving becomes the main side of trip
Formula, still, consequent are congestion and the wretched insufficiency on parking stall of road, cause to occur in recent years many associated
Dispute, for example road anger, fight for parking stall etc..It under such a background, while being also to answer environmental requirement, energy-saving and emission-reduction, drop
The discharge of low temperature chamber gas, widelys popularize transit trip, including public transport, subway etc., just there is critically important meaning.
Existing public transport scheduling is manually to arrange an order according to class and grade in advance, is dispatched a car according to timetable, by bus rush hour section and non-height
Peak time section is the rule of thumb selected period, and in rush hour section and off-peak hours section, dispatching a car is according to same
Interval time.Since number of passengers is dynamic change, for example in the technical dates as festivals or holidays, number of passengers is even
It is also especially more in off-peak hours section, but present artificial vehicle scheduling often considers this point without surplus energy.
Many times, manned number can be excessive or very few in fact for vehicle, and due to not having safety belt, and most of passengers stand, such as
Manned number is excessive in fact for fruit vehicle, and there will be biggish security risks, and if vehicle manned number is very few in fact, be to public resource
A kind of waste.
Summary of the invention
In view of problem above, the present invention provides a kind of public transport method for optimizing scheduling of base machine learning, this method energy
Enough functions of automatically generating and optimize of realizing to public transport scheduling scheme, so that the scheduling for public transport provides centainly
Auxiliary, provide more convenience for the trip of citizen.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of public transport method for optimizing scheduling based on machine learning, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, using machine learning method, training prediction agent model;
Step 2, disaggregation scale is set, initial disaggregation is generated;
Step 3, using the agent model of step 1 training, disaggregation is predicted, obtains the prediction of each website manned number in fact
Value collection;
Step 4, scheme is preferably retained according to optimization aim;
Step 5, judge whether to meet the number of iterations of setting or meet dispatching requirement, go to step 7 if meeting, otherwise
Continue;
Step 6, the excellent solution retained step 5 samples, and generates new disaggregation, and go to step 3;
Step 7, implement optimal case, and utilize the real data renewal agency model for implementing to obtain.
Preferably,
Wherein disaggregation, including initial disaggregation, coding form are as follows:
X={ x1, x2..., xn}
Wherein, X represents disaggregation, xi(i=1,2 ..., n) represents the single solution of Xie Jizhong, and n represents disaggregation scale, that is, solves
The number of the solution of concentration.
Preferably,
Wherein solve the single solution of concentration, xi(i=1,2 ..., n), coding form it is as follows:
xi={ t0, t1, t2..., tm}
Wherein, t0Represent the time of departure of the first regular bus in one day, ti(i=1 2 ..., m) represents beginning of i+1 regular bus
The hair station time of departure subtracts starting station time of departure of the i-th regular bus, i.e. their interval times for dispatching a car, m+1 is total on the route
The class's of dispatching a car number, m represent the departure interval number at the starting station in one day.
Preferably,
Wherein training agent model in step 1, comprising the following steps:
Step 11, according to the difference of agent model function, feature is screened, historical data is divided into according to feature by 2 training
Sample;
Step 12, using machine learning method, the different corresponding agent models of training sample training.
Preferably,
Wherein training reaches the feature that each website time prediction agent model uses, comprising: the date, what day, when set out in advance to make arrangements,
Uplink/downlink, the starting station time of departure, whether technical dates (holiday), arrival time;
Each website of the training feature that manned number prediction agent model uses in fact, comprising: the date, what day, when set out in advance to make arrangements, on
Row/downlink, whether technical dates (holiday), arrival time, real manned number.
Preferably,
The wherein agent model in step 1, comprising: reach each website time prediction agent model, each website manned number in fact
Predict agent model.
Preferably,
The method of initial disaggregation is wherein generated in step 2, comprising: random to generate, issue according to the existing vehicle starting station
Timetable generate, empirically generate.
Preferably,
Wherein prediction result is obtained in step 3, comprising the following steps:
Step 31, using each website time prediction agent model is reached to disaggregation progress regression forecasting, each coastiong is obtained
Arrive different websites time;
Step 32, using each website, manned number predicts agent model in fact, according to the prediction result that step 31 obtains, obtains every
Reality manned number of one coastiong in different websites.
Preferably,
Wherein in step 4 optimization aim include: maximize (the manned numbers of total reality of all websites of all vehicles in one day),
Minimize (manned number subtracts the absolute value of ideal value to every each website of coastiong in fact).
Preferably,
The wherein method of sampling in step 6, comprising: neighbor seaching, cross and variation, stochastical sampling.
Preferably,
Wherein machine learning algorithm, comprising: linear regression, weighted linear regression, neural network, support vector machine.
Preferably,
For the training sample being newly added, Incremental Learning Algorithm more new model is utilized.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantages that
This method optimizes public transport scheduling scheme by using truthful data, to meet the need of more aspect
It asks.First according to historical data, agent model is established using the method for machine learning, including reaches each website time prediction agency
Manned number predicts agent model in fact for model, each website.Then initial solution is generated, and it is predicted with agent model, according to optimization
Target preferably retains scheme.Then the excellent solution of reservation is sampled, and it is predicted with agent model, according to optimization aim
The optimization of scheduling scheme is realized with assessment result.Above step is repeated, until meeting preset the number of iterations or meeting scheduling
Demand.This method can be realized to public transport dispatch carry out Automatic Optimal, thus for public transport scheduling provide it is certain
Auxiliary provides more convenience for the trip of citizen.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these examples are merely to illustrate this
It invents rather than limits the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to of the invention various
The modification of equivalent form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
A kind of public transport method for optimizing scheduling of base machine learning, as shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, using machine learning method, training prediction agent model;
Training agent model process is as follows:
Step 11, according to the difference of agent model function, feature is screened, historical data is divided into according to feature by 2 training
Sample;
Step 12, using machine learning method, the different corresponding agent models of training sample training.
Machine learning algorithm, including but not limited to: linear regression, weighted linear regression, neural network, support vector machine.
Trained agent model includes but is not limited to: reaching each website time prediction agent model, each website manned number in fact
Predict agent model.
Training reaches the feature that each website time prediction agent model uses, comprising: the date, what day, when set out in advance to make arrangements, on
Row/downlink, the starting station time of departure, whether technical dates (holiday), arrival time.Each website of training in fact act on behalf of by manned number prediction
The feature that model uses, comprising: the date, what day, when next stop, uplink/downlink, whether technical dates (holiday), arrival time,
Real manned number.
It is worth noting that in addition to feature listed above, can also increase vehicle size, when next stop state of trade, when
Next stop residential building scale etc., or Partial Feature is suitably deleted, feature increases or decreases the accuracy for influencing whether model.
Reach each website time prediction agent model be for according to the date, what day, when next stop, uplink/downlink, originate
Stand the time of departure, whether technical dates etc. carrys out the arrival time at each station in line of prediction road.And manned number predicts generation to each website in fact
Reason model be for according to the date, what day, when next stop, uplink/downlink, whether technical dates (holiday), arrival time etc. come
The manned number of reality in each CFS to CFS rear vehicle in line of prediction road.
Step 2, disaggregation scale is set, initial disaggregation is generated;
Disaggregation includes initial disaggregation, and coding form is as follows:
X={ x1, x2..., xn}
Wherein, X represents disaggregation, xi(i=1,2 ..., n) represents the single solution of Xie Jizhong, and n represents disaggregation scale, that is, solves
The number of the solution of concentration.
And xi(i=1,2 ..., n), coding form it is as follows:
xi={ t0, t1, t2..., tm}
Wherein, t0Represent the time of departure of the first regular bus in one day, ti(i=1 2 ..., m) represents beginning of i+1 regular bus
The hair station time of departure subtracts starting station time of departure of the i-th regular bus, i.e. their interval times for dispatching a car, m+1 is total on the route
The class's of dispatching a car number, m represent the departure interval number at the starting station in one day.
For example, route A shares 5 regular buses in the original plan in one day, the first 8 points of regular bus is issued, and the second 9 points of regular bus issues, third
10 points of regular bus sendings, the 4th regular bus 10: 30 issue, and the 5th 11 points of regular bus issues, then corresponding x1=480,60,60,30,
30 }, unit is minute.Changing the time of departure, the first 10 points of regular bus issues, and the second regular bus 10: 30 issues, and 11 points of third regular bus
30 issue, and the 4th regular bus 12: 30 issues, and the 5th 13 points of regular bus issues, then corresponding x2={ 600,30,60,60,30 }, unit
For minute.To present disaggregation X={ x1, x2}。
The method for generating initial disaggregation, including but not limited to: it is random generate, according to the existing vehicle starting station issue when
Between table generate, empirically generate.
It can generate at random, it is as follows: the first car starting station time of departure [time in one day is set first0, time1], so
Interval time [lower, upper] is set afterwards, then i=1,2 ..., n generate initial solution in turn.
For example, assuming that disaggregation scale n=3, always dispatch a car several m+1=5, then m=4, [time0, time1]=[480,540],
[lower, upper]=[15,30].Generate x1Process are as follows: t0Take random number [480,540], it is assumed that 480, t1, t2, t3, t4Respectively
Take random number [15,30], it is assumed that 15,20,30,25, x1={ 480,15,20,30,25 }.x2, x3So generate.
The timetable that can also be issued according to the existing vehicle starting station generates, i.e., is generated just according to the existing plan of arranging an order according to class and grade
Begin solution.
It can also empirically generate, i.e., initial solution be generated according to the scheduling experience of related dispatcher.
Generation initial solution can also be used in mixed way with several method.
Step 3, using the agent model of step 1 training, disaggregation is predicted, obtains the prediction of each website manned number in fact
Value collection;
The process predicted disaggregation is as follows:
Step 31, using each website time prediction agent model is reached to disaggregation progress regression forecasting, each coastiong is obtained
Arrive different websites time;
Step 32, using each website, manned number predicts agent model in fact, according to the prediction result that step 31 obtains, obtains every
Reality manned number of one coastiong in different websites.
It is worth noting that can also be established single or multiple in addition to above establishes two agent model prediction processes
Agent model is predicted according to the starting station time of departure.
Step 4, scheme is preferably retained according to optimization aim;
Optimization aim can be maximization (the manned numbers of total reality of all websites of all vehicles in one day), be also possible to most
Smallization (manned number subtracts the absolute value of ideal value to every each website of coastiong in fact) establishes optimization aim according to the actual situation.
Such as optimization aim is set as maximizing (the manned numbers of total reality of all websites of all vehicles in one day), for disaggregation
In each solution, the manned number of reality of each website can be obtained in step 3, it is easy to ground, can calculate it is each solution it is corresponding
The manned number of total reality of all websites of all vehicles in one day, according to the manned number of total reality of all websites of all vehicles in one day
Descending sort is carried out, retains disaggregation scale n that the manned number of total reality of all websites of all vehicles in one day sorts forward
Solution.
Step 5, judge whether to meet the number of iterations of setting or meet dispatching requirement, go to step 7 if meeting, otherwise
Continue;
Stop after can satisfy the number of iterations of setting, general the number of iterations is set as 50,100,500,1000 etc., iteration
The more big then effect of number is better, but has a upper limit, is maintained for being basically unchanged more than the upper limit, generally can be set to 500.
Also stop after can satisfy dispatching requirement, dispatching requirement in general be based on optimization aim propose, such as according to
(the manned numbers of total reality of all websites of all vehicles in one day) this optimization aim is maximized, dispatching requirement can be in one day
The manned number of total reality of all websites of all vehicles reaches a fixed value.
Step 6, the excellent solution retained step 5 samples, and generates new disaggregation, and go to step 3;
The method of sampling includes but is not limited to: neighbor seaching, cross and variation, stochastical sampling.
Neighbor seaching can be used, as follows: disaggregation scale n solution is selected from the excellent solution of reservation at random and repeatably,
Then for each solution selected, each has the probability of p to be generated at random, i.e., for each solved for one,
A random number is generated, generates this value at random if being less than p, it is otherwise constant.
For example, one of solution xj={ 480,15,20,30,25 }, it is assumed that p=0.6, for xj, 5 random numbers are generated,
It is assumed that respectively 0.8,0.4,0.1,0.9,0.2, the first, fourth invariant position, remaining position regenerate, it is assumed that be generated as 23 respectively,
18,28, then new xj={ 480,23,18,30,28 }, xjFor the neighbours solution of original solution.
Cross and variation can also be used, it is as follows: to select two solution x from the excellent solution of reservation at random and repeatablyj1, xj2,
For xj1, each has pcProbability intersected, i.e. xj1Each for, generate a random number, if be less than pcThen
With xj2This value is exchanged, it is otherwise constant;For xj1, each has pmProbability make a variation, i.e., for xj1Each
For, a random number is generated, if being less than pmThis value is then generated at random, it is otherwise constant.
For example, two of them solution xj1={ 480,15,20,30,25 }, xj2={ 500,17,22,20,27 }, it is assumed that pc=
0.5, for xj1, generate 5 random numbers, it is assumed that and it is respectively 0.6,0.3,0.1,0.9,0.8, first, fourth, five invariant positions, remaining
Position and xj2Cross-over value, then xj1={ 480,17,22,30,25 }, it is assumed that pm=0.5, for xj1, then generate 5 random numbers, it is assumed that
Respectively 0.2,0.6,0.7,0.3,0.8, second and third, five invariant positions, remaining position regenerates, it is assumed that is respectively 490,21, then
New xj1={ 490,17,22,21,25 }.
Stochastical sampling can also be used, i.e., it is random again to generate disaggregation scale n solution.
Step 7, implement optimal case, and utilize the real data renewal agency model for implementing to obtain.
Implement optimal case, obtains model using Incremental Learning Algorithm more new model according to the truthful data of optimal case
Dynamically to update.
Then historical data of the present invention by analysis public transport, training agent model are formulated initial scheme and are used
Agent model is predicted, sampling operation is carried out on the basis of preferred embodiment, and mould is acted on behalf of in new departure use that sampling generates
Type is predicted, is preferably retained new and old scheme, based on optimization aim to public transport scheduling scheme iteration optimization.We
Method, which can be realized to dispatch public transport, carries out Automatic Optimal, so that the scheduling for public transport provides certain auxiliary, it is city
The trip of the people provides more convenience.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of public transport method for optimizing scheduling based on machine learning, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, using machine learning method, training prediction agent model;
Step 2, disaggregation scale is set, initial disaggregation is generated;
Step 3, using the agent model of step 1 training, disaggregation is predicted, obtains the predicted value of each website manned number in fact
Collection;
Step 4, scheme is preferably retained according to optimization aim;
Step 5, judge whether meet setting the number of iterations or meet dispatching requirement, if meet if go to step 7, otherwise after
It is continuous;
Step 6, the excellent solution retained step 5 samples, and generates new disaggregation, and go to step 3;
Step 7, implement optimal case, and utilize the real data renewal agency model for implementing to obtain.
2. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the disaggregation, including initial disaggregation, coding form are as follows:
X={ x1, x2..., xn}
Wherein, X represents disaggregation, xi(i=1,2 ..., n) represents the single solution of Xie Jizhong, and n represents disaggregation scale, i.e. solution is concentrated
The number of solution.
3. according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the single solution that the solution is concentrated, xi(i=1,2 ..., n), coding
Form is as follows:
xi={ t0, t1, t2..., tm}
Wherein, t0Represent the time of departure of the first regular bus in one day, ti(i=1 2 ..., m) represents the starting station of i+1 regular bus
The time of departure subtracts the starting station time of departure of the i-th regular bus, i.e. their interval times for dispatching a car, m+1 is always to dispatch a car on the route
Class's number, m represent the departure interval number at the starting station in one day.
4. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: training agent model in the step 1, comprising the following steps:
Step 11, according to the difference of agent model function, feature is screened, historical data is divided into according to feature by 2 training samples;
Step 12, using machine learning method, the different corresponding agent models of training sample training.
5. according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
The training reaches the feature that each website time prediction agent model uses, comprising: the date, what day, when set out in advance to make arrangements, on
Row/downlink, the starting station time of departure, whether technical dates (holiday), arrival time;
Each website of the training feature that manned number prediction agent model uses in fact, comprising: the date, what day, when set out in advance to make arrangements, uplink/under
Row, whether technical dates (holiday), arrival time, real manned number.
6. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the agent model in the step 1, comprising: reach each website time
Predict agent model, each website manned number prediction agent model in fact.
7. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: generate the method for initial disaggregation in the step 2, comprising: random raw
It generates at, the timetable that is issued according to the existing vehicle starting station, empirically generate.
8. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: obtain prediction result in the step 3, comprising the following steps:
Step 31, it using each website time prediction agent model is reached to disaggregation progress regression forecasting, obtains each coastiong and arrives
The time of different websites;
Step 32, using each website, manned number predicts agent model in fact, according to the prediction result that step 31 obtains, obtains each time
Reality manned number of the vehicle in different websites.
9. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: optimization aim includes: and maximizes (to own in one day in the step 4
The manned number of total reality of all websites of vehicle), minimize (manned number subtracts the absolute of ideal value to every each website of coastiong in fact
Value).
10. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the method for sampling in the step 6, comprising: neighbor seaching intersects change
Different, stochastical sampling.
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