CN110208384A - A kind of workpiece surface is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle - Google Patents

A kind of workpiece surface is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle Download PDF

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CN110208384A
CN110208384A CN201910585053.7A CN201910585053A CN110208384A CN 110208384 A CN110208384 A CN 110208384A CN 201910585053 A CN201910585053 A CN 201910585053A CN 110208384 A CN110208384 A CN 110208384A
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wave
defect
formula
workpiece
tip
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姜学平
殷澄
贾静
韩庆邦
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0654—Imaging
    • G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/263—Surfaces

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

It is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle the invention discloses a kind of workpiece surface, including wedge block, phase array transducer and calibration block, the phase array transducer is installed on the inclined-plane of the wedge block, calibration of the echo height progress of artificial defect apart from gain curve and angle gain curve is measured in corresponding test block, then using the fan-shaped Scanning Detction defect of ultrasound, using the refraction angle and echo time of tip diffraction echo (D wave) and bottom reflection echo (R wave) in sectoring image, height and the inclination angle of defect are calculated.The problem of method can only measure lower surface vertical openings defect, not be capable of measuring inclination defect and upper surface defect when the present invention solves traditional absolute sound can carry out defect quantitative from unilateral side, and detection is smaller by coupling influence, can be used for qualitative deficiency size.

Description

A kind of workpiece surface is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle
Technical field
It is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle the present invention relates to a kind of workpiece surface, belongs to ultrasound detection skill Art field.
Background technique
Workpiece is due to the stress accumulation due to caused by various factors and other influences during manufacture and use, in workpiece Surface is close or the inside and outside surface breakdown defect for all occurring generating such as crackle crack of sub- surface region.These defects There is very big harm to the safety of equipment, this will substantially reduce the service life of equipment, or even cause damaged or unstable It propagates.So this defect has very big harm to the safety of equipment.The size such as defect of detection and measurement rift defect can To provide important information for health monitoring and the assessment of equipment remaining life.Ensure equipment safety, creates economic benefit and society Benefit is of great significance.
Ray detection only in conventional lossless detection (Non-Destructive Testing NDT) (radiographic testing RT) and ultrasound examination can be used to detect the inside and outside defect of workpiece simultaneously.It penetrates Line detection is that defective position is different from absorbability of the zero defect position to ray when being detected object using Radiolucent, is caused The brightness difference of egative film is imaged and detects defect, the general double-wall double-projection detection method for using single transillumination.It to defect, not The biggish area-type defects of harmfulness such as fusion are insensitive；It is difficult to transillumination when detecting thicker workpiece, has blind area in detection, easily leads to Missing inspection；It there is also radiation, pollutes, low efficiency and the deficiency for not being capable of measuring depth of defect,.Ultrasonic wave is sensitive to planar disfigurement, this So that it becomes a kind of unique accuracy method to measure non-destructive testing and assess the size of defect sample defect.
TOA technology can based on the amplitude of echo, it is received guidance D wave characteristic frequency spectrum and arrival time (time Of arrival TOA) Lai Shixian flaw size measurement.It can be eliminated by TOA technology and be returned as caused by different coupling conditions The amplitude of wave changes.For the technology due to verification and measurement ratio height, measurement accuracy is high, and good reliability is detecting and measuring small surface defect There is advantage in terms of size.In the technology based on TOA, ultrasonic diffraction time difference method (Time of flight diffraction TOFD defect) is measured using pulse and echo.Commonly routine TOFD technology uses a hair one to receive mode, single side to defects detection The measurement request of bilateral detection.It is not able to satisfy special construction workpiece calibration requirement, as TKY type adapter tube single side unilateral side is detected.It is conventional Ultrasonic endpoint diffraction method (Relative Arrival Time Technique, RATT) can single side unilateral side detection workpiece.RATT is logical It crosses and moves the conventional Ultrasound angle probe of solid defining K value and obtain the echo-signal of defect endpoint, and according to echo reaching time-difference and spy Head position calculates the oneself height of defect.RATT needs move back and forth probe, and detection efficiency is low, and artificial caused error is big, survey Amount process is complex.
Phased array ultrasonic detection technology uses the array probe of more array elements, makes acoustic beam in certain model by computer technology It is flexibly controllable within enclosing.Phased array ultrasonic detection technology quantifies positioning accuracy height, and detection speed is fast, is affected by human factors and compares It is small.
Summary of the invention
It is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle the present invention provides a kind of workpiece surface, it is super using phased array Method when sound absolute sound, by using the D wave and R wave extracted from the sectoring image that phased-array ultrasonic is tested it is absolute to It is accurately determined the size of defect up to time and angle, the efficiency and reliability of detection can be improved.
The technical solution mainly used in the present invention are as follows:
A kind of workpiece surface is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle, and the measuring device of use includes wedge shape Block, phase array transducer and calibration block, the phase array transducer are installed on the inclined-plane of the wedge block, Calibration of the echo height progress of artificial defect apart from gain curve and angle gain curve is measured in corresponding calibration block, so Afterwards using the fan-shaped Scanning Detction defect of ultrasound, the refraction of tip diffraction echo and bottom reflection echo in sectoring image is utilized Angle and echo time calculate height and the inclination angle of defect, wherein the height of following table planar defect and the specific meter at inclination angle Steps are as follows for calculation:
Step 1-1: building defects detection model, the ultrasonic wave emitted along the center probe of phase array transducer are cut Face；
Step 1-2: tip diffraction echo, that is, D wave incidence angle θ is calculatedDi, calculation formula is such as shown in (1):
In formula (1), CWThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in voussoir, CSThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in workpiece for measurement, θDtFor the refraction angle of D wave；
Step 1-3: center probe point O and D wave incidence point A is calculatedDiThe distance between OADi, as shown in formula (2):
In formula (2), h is that the center probe of phase array transducer reaches the vertical range of workpiece surface；
Step 1-4: propagation time t of the D wave in workpiece for measurement is calculatedDP；
Ultrasonic propagation time in test process includes launch time and the receiving time of ultrasonic wave, if D wave is from transmitting It is t to the time i.e. total propagation time of D wave for receiving echoD, then in voussoir D wave propagation time tDWAs shown in formula (3):
Then D wave is from workpiece is entered to the time t for encountering defect tipDPCalculation formula such as formula (4) shown in:
Step 1-5: D wave incidence point A is calculatedDiWith defect tip T distance SD, as shown in formula (5):
Step 1-6: for bottom reflection echo, that is, R wave, defect opening C and R wave is calculated using identical method and is entered Exit point ARiThe distance between SR, as shown in formula (6):
In formula (6), tRIt is R wave from being emitted to received time, θRiFor R wave incident angle；
Step 1-7: point A is takenRiAs coordinate origin, perpendicular between voussoir and workpiece interface in downward direction for Z axis just Direction is X-axis positive direction along voussoir and workpiece interface, establishes coordinate system XOZ to the right；ARiPoint coordinate is (0,0), according to SDAnd SR And each angular relationship, determine D wave incidence point ADi, defect opening C, defect tip T coordinate, wherein
D wave incidence point ADiCoordinate be (h (tg θDi-tgθRi), 0)；
The coordinate of defect tip T is (h (tg θDi-tgθRi)+SD sinθDt, SDcosθDt)；
The coordinate of defect opening C is (SR sinθRt, SR cosθRt)；
Step 1-8: according to the coordinate of defect tip T in step 1-7 and defect opening C, defect opening C is acquired to lacking The distance of sunken tip T, i.e. flaw height δ, as shown in formula (7):
Step 1-9: according to D wave incidence point A in step 1-7Di, defect tip T and defect opening C coordinate acquire crack TiltangleθC, as shown in formula (8):
When surface breakdown defect is at upper surface, the sound wave reflected from lower surface is then by setting test parameter and detection The defect of the test sound wave of interaction, upper surface carries out calculation processing, the height of upper surface as the mirror image of following table planar defect Degree and inclination angle specifically calculate that steps are as follows:
Step 2-1: calculate separately the tip diffraction echo i.e. incidence angle θ of D wave 'DiWith the incidence of bottom reflection echo, that is, D wave Angle θ 'Ri, respectively as shown in formula (9) and formula (10):
Wherein, θ 'DtWith θ 'RtThe respectively refraction angle at the refraction angle of D wave and R wave, CWThe propagation for being ultrasonic wave in voussoir Speed, CSThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in workpiece for measurement；
Step 2-2: tip diffraction echo, that is, D wave is calculated from D wave incidence point A'DiTo mirror symmetry tip T ' distance S'D As shown in formula (11) and (12):
S'D=SD1+SD2(11)；
Wherein, SD1It is D wave from incidence point A'DiTo the distance of workpiece for measurement bottom, SD2For D wave from workpiece for measurement bottom to Mirror symmetry tip T ' distance, θ 'DiFor the incidence angle of D wave, t'DPFor propagation time of the D wave in workpiece for measurement, t'DFor D wave Total propagation time；
Step 2-3: bottom reflection echo, that is, R wave is calculated from R wave incidence point A'RiTo the distance of mirror symmetry opening C ' S'RAs shown in formula (13) and (14):
S'R=SR1+SR2(13)；
Wherein, SR1It is R wave from incidence point A'RiTo the distance of workpiece for measurement bottom, SR2For R wave from workpiece for measurement bottom to The distance of mirror symmetry opening C ', θ 'RiFor the incidence angle of R wave, t'RFor total propagation time of R wave；
Step 2-4: point A' is takenRiIt is in downward direction Z axis perpendicular to interface between voussoir and workpiece as coordinate origin, To the right it is X-axis positive direction along voussoir and workpiece interface, establishes coordinate system XOZ；A'RiPoint coordinate is (0,0), according to S'DAnd S'RWith And each angular relationship, determine D wave incidence point A'Di, defect opening C ', defect tip T ' coordinate, wherein
D wave incidence point A'DiCoordinate be (h (tg θ 'Di-tgθ'Ri), 0)；
Defect tip T ' coordinate be (h (tg θ 'Di-tgθ'Ri)+S'Dsinθ'Dt, S'Dcosθ'Dt)；
The coordinate of defect opening C ' is (S'Rsinθ'Rt, S'Rcosθ'Rt)；
Step 2-5: defect tip T in step 2-4 ' and defect opening C ' coordinate, can arrive in the hope of defect opening C ' Defect tip T ' distance, i.e. flaw height δ ', as shown in formula (15):
Step 4-5: according to D wave incidence point A' in step 2-4Di, defect tip T ' and the coordinate of defect opening C ' acquire Crack tiltangleθ 'CMeet formula (16):
Preferably, when wedge height h is anti-from incidence point to the distance at defect tip and bottom much smaller than tip diffraction echo Be emitted back towards wave from incidence point to defect opening apart from when, wedge height h can be ignored, then workpiece for measurement lower surface tiltedly lacks The calculation formula (7) and formula (8) of sunken flaw height and inclination angle simplify as shown in formula (17) and (18):
The flaw height of the oblique defect in workpiece for measurement upper surface and the calculation formula (15) at inclination angle and formula (16) simplify such as Shown in formula (19) and (20):
Preferably, phase array transducer is pre-seted before measuring, and calibrates sensitivity, specific steps are such as Under:
Step a1): the angular range of the phase array transducer radiation acoustic beam is set, to cover workpiece to be detected Whole area to be tested；
Step a2): each detection is calculated according to the angular range of the phase array transducer radiation acoustic beam of step a1 setting The delay of the corresponding each array element of acoustic beam；
Step a3: distance-amplitude curve is made by calibration block and angle gain compensated curve is described phased to calibrate The sensitivity of battle array ultrasonic transducer, and according to the surface due to workpiece and calibration test block it is different caused by sensitivity it is different, if Final detection sensitivity is set.
The utility model has the advantages that the present invention provides the measurement method that a kind of workpiece surface is open oblique flaw height and inclination angle, solve Method can only measure lower surface vertical openings defect when traditional absolute sound, not be capable of measuring asking for inclination defect and upper surface defect Topic can carry out defect quantitative from unilateral side, and detection is smaller by coupling influence, can be used for qualitative deficiency size, improves the effect of detection Rate and reliability improve detection accuracy, can be used for the auxiliary detection and analysis of other defects.
Detailed description of the invention
Method measures following table planar defect schematic diagram when Fig. 1 is absolute sound provided by the invention；
Method measures upper surface defect schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is absolute sound provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the application, below to the embodiment of the present application In technical solution be clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of embodiments of the present application, Instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the application, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative labor Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of dynamic, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Further detailed description has been done to technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing:
A kind of workpiece surface is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle, and the measuring device of use includes wedge shape Block, phase array transducer and calibration block, the phase array transducer are installed on the inclined-plane of the wedge block, Calibration of the echo height progress of artificial defect apart from gain curve and angle gain curve is measured in corresponding calibration block, so Afterwards using the fan-shaped Scanning Detction defect of ultrasound, the refraction of tip diffraction echo and bottom reflection echo in sectoring image is utilized Angle and echo time calculate height and the inclination angle of defect, wherein the height of following table planar defect and the specific meter at inclination angle Steps are as follows for calculation:
Step 1-1: building defects detection model, the ultrasonic wave emitted along the center probe of phase array transducer are cut Face；
Step 1-2: tip diffraction echo, that is, D wave incidence angle θ is calculatedDi, calculation formula is such as shown in (1):
In formula (1), CWThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in voussoir, CSThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in workpiece for measurement, θDtFor the refraction angle of D wave；
Step 1-3: center probe point O and D wave incidence point A is calculatedDiThe distance between OADi, as shown in formula (2):
In formula (2), h is that the center probe of phase array transducer reaches the vertical range of workpiece surface；
Step 1-4: propagation time t of the D wave in workpiece for measurement is calculatedDP；
Ultrasonic propagation time in test process includes launch time and the receiving time of ultrasonic wave, if D wave is from transmitting It is t to the time i.e. total propagation time of D wave for receiving echoD, then in voussoir D wave propagation time tDWAs shown in formula (3):
Then D wave is from workpiece is entered to the time t for encountering defect tipDPCalculation formula such as formula (4) shown in:
Step 1-5: D wave incidence point A is calculatedDiWith defect tip T distance SD, as shown in formula (5):
Step 1-6: for bottom reflection echo, that is, R wave, defect opening C and R wave is calculated using identical method and is entered Exit point ARiThe distance between SR, as shown in formula (6):
In formula (6), tRIt is R wave from being emitted to received time, θRiFor R wave incident angle；
Step 1-7: point A is takenRiAs coordinate origin, perpendicular between voussoir and workpiece interface in downward direction for Z axis just Direction is X-axis positive direction along voussoir and workpiece interface, establishes coordinate system XOZ to the right；ARiPoint coordinate is (0,0), according to SDAnd SR And each angular relationship, determine D wave incidence point ADi, defect opening C, defect tip T coordinate, wherein
D wave incidence point ADiCoordinate be (h (tg θDi-tgθRi), 0)；
The coordinate of defect tip T is (h (tg θDi-tgθRi)+SD sinθDt, SDcosθDt)；
The coordinate of defect opening C is (SR sinθRt, SR cosθRt)；
Step 1-8: according to the coordinate of defect tip T in step 1-7 and defect opening C, defect opening C is acquired to lacking The distance of sunken tip T, i.e. flaw height δ, as shown in formula (7):
Step 1-9: according to D wave incidence point A in step 1-7Di, defect tip T and defect opening C coordinate acquire crack TiltangleθC, as shown in formula (8):
When surface breakdown defect is at upper surface, the sound wave reflected from lower surface is then by setting test parameter and detection The defect of the test sound wave of interaction, upper surface carries out calculation processing, the height of upper surface as the mirror image of following table planar defect Degree and inclination angle specifically calculate that steps are as follows:
Step 2-1: calculate separately the tip diffraction echo i.e. incidence angle θ of D wave 'DiWith the incidence of bottom reflection echo, that is, D wave Angle θ 'Ri, respectively as shown in formula (9) and formula (10):
Wherein, θ 'DtWith θ 'RtThe respectively refraction angle at the refraction angle of D wave and R wave, CWThe propagation for being ultrasonic wave in voussoir Speed, CSThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in workpiece for measurement；
Step 2-2: tip diffraction echo, that is, D wave is calculated from D wave incidence point A'DiTo mirror symmetry tip T ' distance S'D As shown in formula (11) and (12):
S'D=SD1+SD2(11)；
Wherein, SD1It is D wave from incidence point A'DiTo the distance of workpiece for measurement bottom, SD2For D wave from workpiece for measurement bottom to Mirror symmetry tip T ' distance, θ 'DiFor the incidence angle of D wave, t'DPFor propagation time of the D wave in workpiece for measurement, t'DFor D wave Total propagation time；
Step 2-3: bottom reflection echo, that is, R wave is calculated from R wave incidence point A'RiTo the distance of mirror symmetry opening C ' S'RAs shown in formula (13) and (14):
S'R=SR1+SR2(13)；
Wherein, SR1It is R wave from incidence point A'RiTo the distance of workpiece for measurement bottom, SR2For R wave from workpiece for measurement bottom to The distance of mirror symmetry opening C ', θ 'RiFor the incidence angle of R wave, t'RFor total propagation time of R wave；
Step 2-4: point A' is takenRiIt is in downward direction Z axis perpendicular to interface between voussoir and workpiece as coordinate origin, To the right it is X-axis positive direction along voussoir and workpiece interface, establishes coordinate system XOZ；A'RiPoint coordinate is (0,0), according to S'DAnd S'RWith And each angular relationship, determine D wave incidence point A'Di, defect opening C ', defect tip T ' coordinate, wherein
D wave incidence point A'DiCoordinate be (h (tg θ 'Di-tgθ'Ri), 0)；
Defect tip T ' coordinate be (h (tg θ 'Di-tgθ'Ri)+S'Dsinθ'Dt, S'Dcosθ'Dt)；
The coordinate of defect opening C ' is (S'Rsinθ'Rt, S'Rcosθ'Rt)；
Step 2-5: defect tip T in step 2-4 ' and defect opening C ' coordinate, can arrive in the hope of defect opening C ' Defect tip T ' distance, i.e. flaw height δ ', as shown in formula (15):
Step 4-5: according to D wave incidence point A' in step 2-4Di, defect tip T ' and the coordinate of defect opening C ' acquire Crack tiltangleθ 'CMeet formula (16):
Preferably, when wedge height h is anti-from incidence point to the distance at defect tip and bottom much smaller than tip diffraction echo Be emitted back towards wave from incidence point to defect opening apart from when, wedge height h can be ignored, then workpiece for measurement lower surface tiltedly lacks The calculation formula (7) and formula (8) of sunken flaw height and inclination angle simplify as shown in formula (17) and (18):
The flaw height of the oblique defect in workpiece for measurement upper surface and the calculation formula (15) at inclination angle and formula (16) simplify such as Shown in formula (19) and (20):
It is derived from above, it can be found that the dimension measurement result of defect and refraction angle are closely related.With phased array supersonic The path difference of the increase of distance between energy converter and defect, R wave and D wave reduces.In this case, by angle and propagation time Caused error increases.
Preferably, phase array transducer is pre-seted before measuring, and calibrates sensitivity, specific steps are such as Under:
Step a1): the angular range of the phase array transducer radiation acoustic beam is set, to cover workpiece to be detected Whole area to be tested；
Step a2): each detection is calculated according to the angular range of the phase array transducer radiation acoustic beam of step a1 setting The delay of the corresponding each array element of acoustic beam；
Step a3): distance-amplitude curve is made by calibration block and angle gain compensated curve is described phased to calibrate The sensitivity of battle array ultrasonic transducer, and according to the surface due to workpiece and calibration test block it is different caused by sensitivity it is different, if Final detection sensitivity is set.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

  1. The measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle 1. a kind of workpiece surface is open, the measuring device of use include wedge block, Phase array transducer and calibration block, which is characterized in that the phase array transducer is installed on the wedge block On inclined-plane, the echo height that artificial defect is measured in corresponding calibration block is carried out apart from gain curve and angle gain curve Calibration utilize tip diffraction echo and bottom reflection in sectoring image then using the fan-shaped Scanning Detction defect of ultrasound The refraction angle of echo and echo time calculate height and the inclination angle of defect, wherein the height of following table planar defect and inclination angle It is specific calculating steps are as follows:
    Step 1-1: building defects detection model, the ultrasonic wave emitted along the center probe of phase array transducer do section；
    Step 1-2: tip diffraction echo, that is, D wave incidence angle θ is calculatedDi, calculation formula is such as shown in (1):
    In formula (1), CWThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in voussoir, CSThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in workpiece for measurement, θDtFor The refraction angle of D wave；
    Step 1-3: center probe point O and D wave incidence point A is calculatedDiThe distance between OADi, as shown in formula (2):
    In formula (2), h is that the center probe of phase array transducer reaches the vertical range of workpiece surface；
    Step 1-4: propagation time t of the D wave in workpiece for measurement is calculatedDP；
    Ultrasonic propagation time in test process includes launch time and the receiving time of ultrasonic wave, if D wave connects from being emitted to The time i.e. total propagation time of D wave for receiving echo is tD, then in voussoir D wave propagation time tDWAs shown in formula (3):
    Then D wave is from workpiece is entered to the time t for encountering defect tipDPCalculation formula such as formula (4) shown in:
    Step 1-5: D wave incidence point A is calculatedDiWith defect tip T distance SD, as shown in formula (5):
    Step 1-6: for bottom reflection echo, that is, R wave, defect opening C and R wave incidence point is calculated using identical method ARiThe distance between SR, as shown in formula (6):
    In formula (6), tRIt is R wave from being emitted to received time, θRiFor R wave incident angle；
    Step 1-7: point A is takenRiIt is in downward direction Z axis positive direction perpendicular to interface between voussoir and workpiece as coordinate origin, To the right it is X-axis positive direction along voussoir and workpiece interface, establishes coordinate system XOZ；ARiPoint coordinate is (0,0), according to SDAnd SRAnd Each angular relationship determines D wave incidence point ADi, defect opening C, defect tip T coordinate, wherein
    D wave incidence point ADiCoordinate be (h (tg θDi-tgθRi), 0)；
    The coordinate of defect tip T is (h (tg θDi-tgθRi)+SDsinθDt, SDcosθDt)；
    The coordinate of defect opening C is (SRsinθRt, SRcosθRt)；
    Step 1-8: according to the coordinate of defect tip T in step 1-7 and defect opening C, defect opening C is acquired to defect point The distance of end T, i.e. flaw height δ, as shown in formula (7):
    Step 1-9: according to D wave incidence point A in step 1-7Di, defect tip T and defect opening C coordinate acquire crack inclination Angle θC, as shown in formula (8):
    When surface breakdown defect is at upper surface, the sound wave reflected from lower surface is then mutual by setting test parameter and detection The test sound wave of effect, the defect of upper surface carry out calculation processing as the mirror image of following table planar defect, the height of upper surface and Inclination angle specifically calculates that steps are as follows:
    Step 2-1: calculate separately the tip diffraction echo i.e. incidence angle θ of D wave 'DiWith bottom reflection echo, that is, D wave incidence angle θ'Ri, respectively as shown in formula (9) and formula (10):
    Wherein, θ 'DtWith θ 'RtThe respectively refraction angle at the refraction angle of D wave and R wave, CWThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in voussoir, CSThe spread speed for being ultrasonic wave in workpiece for measurement；
    Step 2-2: tip diffraction echo, that is, D wave is calculated from D wave incidence point A'DiTo mirror symmetry tip T ' distance S'DSuch as public affairs Shown in formula (11) and (12):
    S'D=SD1+SD2(11)；
    Wherein, SD1It is D wave from incidence point A'DiTo the distance of workpiece for measurement bottom, SD2It is D wave from workpiece for measurement bottom to mirror image Defect tip T ' distance, θ 'DiFor the incidence angle of D wave, t'DPFor propagation time of the D wave in workpiece for measurement, t'DFor the total of D wave Propagation time；
    Step 2-3: bottom reflection echo, that is, R wave is calculated from R wave incidence point A'RiTo the distance S' of mirror symmetry opening C 'RSuch as Shown in formula (13) and (14):
    S'R=SR1+SR2(13)；
    Wherein, SR1It is R wave from incidence point A'RiTo the distance of workpiece for measurement bottom, SR2It is R wave from workpiece for measurement bottom to mirror image The distance of defect opening C ', θ 'RiFor the incidence angle of R wave, t'RFor total propagation time of R wave；
    Step 2-4: point A' is takenRiIt is in downward direction Z axis perpendicular to interface between voussoir and workpiece, along wedge as coordinate origin Block and workpiece interface are X-axis positive direction to the right, establish coordinate system XOZ；A'RiPoint coordinate is (0,0), according to S'DAnd S'RAnd it is each Angular relationship determines D wave incidence point A'Di, defect opening C ', defect tip T ' coordinate, wherein
    D wave incidence point A'DiCoordinate be (h (tg θ 'Di-tgθ'Ri), 0)；
    Defect tip T ' coordinate be (h (tg θ 'Di-tgθ'Ri)+S'Dsinθ'Dt, S'Dcosθ'Dt)；
    The coordinate of defect opening C ' is (S'Rsinθ'Rt, S'Rcosθ'Rt)；
    Step 2-5: defect tip T in step 2-4 ' and defect opening C ' coordinate can arrive defect in the hope of defect opening C ' Tip T ' distance, i.e. flaw height δ ', as shown in formula (15):
    Step 4-5: according to D wave incidence point A' in step 2-4Di, defect tip T ' and the coordinate of defect opening C ' acquire crack Tiltangleθ 'CMeet formula (16):
  2. 2. the measurement method of a kind of Surface-breaking defect height and inclination angle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that when Wedge height h is much smaller than tip diffraction echo from incidence point to the distance at defect tip and bottom reflection echo from incidence point to lacking Fall into opening apart from when, wedge height h can be ignored, then the flaw height of the oblique defect in workpiece for measurement lower surface and inclination The calculation formula (7) and formula (8) at angle simplify as shown in formula (17) and (18):
    The flaw height of the oblique defect in workpiece for measurement upper surface and the calculation formula (15) at inclination angle and formula (16) simplify such as formula (19) and shown in (20):
  3. 3. the measurement method of a kind of Surface-breaking defect height and inclination angle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Phase array transducer is pre-seted before measurement, and calibrates sensitivity, the specific steps are as follows:
    Step a1): the angular range of the phase array transducer radiation acoustic beam is set, to cover the complete of workpiece to be detected Portion's area to be tested；
    Step a2): each detection acoustic beam is calculated according to the angular range of the phase array transducer radiation acoustic beam of step a1 setting The delay of corresponding each array element；
    Step a3: it is super to calibrate the phased array that distance-amplitude curve and angle gain compensated curve are made by calibration block The sensitivity of sonic transducer, and according to the surface due to workpiece and calibration test block it is different caused by sensitivity it is different, set Sensitivity is used in final detection.
CN201910585053.7A 2019-07-01 2019-07-01 A kind of workpiece surface is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle Pending CN110208384A (en)

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CN110333293A (en) * 2019-08-12 2019-10-15 河海大学常州校区 A kind of method of the excitation of square mesh phase controlled ultrasonic array and detection concrete defect
CN111983026A (en) * 2020-08-31 2020-11-24 南通大学 Ultrasonic full-coverage flaw detection method for T-shaped pipe branch pipe binding surface
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CN114324598A (en) * 2021-12-03 2022-04-12 江西昌河航空工业有限公司 High-quality imaging method and system for ultrasonic detection of bolt
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CN115856087A (en) * 2023-02-27 2023-03-28 南昌航空大学 Full-focusing imaging method based on longitudinal wave transmitting-receiving ultrasonic phased array probe

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CN110333293A (en) * 2019-08-12 2019-10-15 河海大学常州校区 A kind of method of the excitation of square mesh phase controlled ultrasonic array and detection concrete defect
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CN115656343A (en) * 2022-12-07 2023-01-31 汕头市超声检测科技有限公司 Steel rail weld defect positioning method based on serial matrix scanning
CN115856087A (en) * 2023-02-27 2023-03-28 南昌航空大学 Full-focusing imaging method based on longitudinal wave transmitting-receiving ultrasonic phased array probe
CN115856087B (en) * 2023-02-27 2023-05-19 南昌航空大学 Full-focusing imaging method based on longitudinal wave transmitting-receiving ultrasonic phased array probe

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