CN110208342B - Chemically modified electrode for sensitively detecting sulphaguanidine and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Chemically modified electrode for sensitively detecting sulphaguanidine and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a chemically modified electrode for sensitively detecting sulphaguanidine and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the chemically modified electrode is a glassy carbon electrode modified by AgPt @ MXene nano-composite with high electrical activity, and relates to the field of electroanalytical chemistry and electrochemical sensors; the AgPt @ MXene heterojunction nano composite material disclosed by the invention has large specific surface area and catalytic activity, can enhance the enrichment amount of sulfaguanidine in a detection medium, improves the sensitivity of determination, can effectively accelerate electron transfer and improve electrochemical response signals; the chemically modified electrode prepared by the method has the advantages of good selectivity, simplicity, convenience, low price and good stability, is suitable for field detection, and has been successfully applied to the accurate detection of the sulphaguanidine in animal-derived food.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrochemical sensors and analytical chemistry, in particular to a chemically modified electrode for sensitively detecting sulphaguanidine as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Sulphaguanidine is the first sulfonamide antibacterial drug used for intestinal infection, and due to its wide antibacterial ability, it can effectively prevent and treat bacillary dysentery, malaria, enteritis, and infection after intestinal surgery. Currently, sulphaguanidine is often found in animal-derived food and poultry feed, and sulphaguanidine residues are also found in our everyday foods, such as chicken, pork, lamb, rabbit, milk, etc. Excessive residue of sulfadiazine in human body can cause toxic and other adverse reactions, and ingestion of a large amount of sulfadiazine can damage normal immune function and even possibly cause canceration. Therefore, aiming at monitoring sulfaguanidine, the method is a work which is not slow enough, and the establishment of a simple, sensitive and rapid determination method has important significance for determining the residual sulfaguanidine in animal-derived food and poultry feed.
In recent years, many analytical methods have been used for detecting sulfaguanidine, such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined method, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined method, a high performance liquid chromatography and the like, but the methods require complicated sample pretreatment, expensive instruments and equipment and complicated operation, are not suitable for popularization and application, and when the content of sulfaguanidine in a complicated sample is measured, more interfering substances exist. Based on the above, it is very urgent to establish an analysis method with high sensitivity, high selectivity, good accuracy and simple operation for determining sulfaguanidine in complex samples. The electrochemical analysis method has the characteristics of rapidness, high efficiency, simplicity, sensitivity, strong anti-interference capability, environmental friendliness and the like, and is suitable for high-sensitivity detection of the sulphaguanidine in a complex sample.
The controllable synthesis of nano materials is always the popular research field in science and technology. Currently, the development of a new heterojunction catalyst with environmental friendliness, high catalytic activity and low economic cost to replace the traditional noble metal catalyst has been a development trend, and is a necessary trend towards green chemistry. The AgPt @ MXene heterojunction nano composite material has large specific surface area and catalytic activity, can effectively accelerate electron transfer, and improves the sensitivity of determination.
Based on the above prior art situation and technical requirements, an AgPt @ MXene heterojunction nanocomposite modified electrode is provided as a sensing interface, so that high-sensitivity detection of sulphaguanidine is realized, and a problem to be solved urgently is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method and application of an AgPt @ MXene nano compound modified glassy carbon electrode which can effectively reduce the interference of complex matrix components, can be successfully applied to the determination of sulphaguanidine in animal-derived food and has a detection limit of 0.03 mu mol/L for sensitively detecting sulphaguanidine.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a modified electrode for sensitively detecting sulphaguanidine, namely a glassy carbon electrode modified by AgPt @ MXene heterojunction nano composite;
the preparation method of the electrode comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation of AgPt @ MXene nano composite:
preheating 5 mL of ethylene glycol at 140 ℃ for 1 h, and adding 0.2 mL of 3 mmol/L HCl ethylene glycol solution under vigorous stirring; heating with stirring was continued for 10 min, and 3 mL of 94 mmol/L AgNO were added dropwise at a rate of 45 mL/h simultaneously3Then stirring and heating the mixture for 12 hours to obtain beige suspension, and cooling the beige suspension to room temperature; adding 5 mL of 0.1 wt% PVP aqueous solution and 1 mL of the beige suspension into a 25 mL round-bottom flask, heating to 100 ℃, and stirring for 10 min; then, 2 mL of 1 mmol/L H was added dropwise2PtCl6Continuously stirring the solution for 1 h at the temperature of 100 ℃ to prepare an AgPt nanotube with a smooth surface;
then, 0.01 g of AgPt nanotube is dispersed in a solution containing 10 mL of isopropanol and 0.1 mL of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and then stirred overnight to obtain a hollow sphere with positive charges on the surface; washing with water for 3 times, and dispersing the product in 3 mL of distilled water to obtain AgPt nanotube dispersion liquid with positive charges on the surface;
then adding 1 g of multi-layer Ti3C2TxDispersing the powder into 10 mL tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and stirring for 18 h at room temperature; centrifuging the mixture at 8000 rpm for 4 min, collecting precipitate, adding 250 mL water, and performing ultrasonic treatment in Ar for 2 h; centrifuging the mixed solution at 3500 rpm for 1 h, and collecting the supernatant, namely the Ti3C2MXene dispersion liquid;
finally, AgPt nanotube dispersion liquid with positive charges on the surface and Ti3C2MXene dispersion the following 2: 3, stirring for 2 h, centrifuging at 8000 rpm for 20 min, washing with water for 3 times, and collecting the product, namely AgPt @ MXene;
weighing the AgPt @ MXene nano compound prepared in the step 1, mixing the AgPt @ MXene nano compound with secondary water, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour to obtain 2 mg/mL of dispersion liquid for preparing a modified electrode;
firstly, polishing a glassy carbon electrode by using aluminum oxide polishing powder, and sequentially ultrasonically cleaning by using nitric acid/aqueous solution, ethanol/aqueous solution and secondary water;
step 4, preparing a chemically modified electrode:
dropwise coating the AgPt @ MXene nano composite dispersed liquid obtained in the step (2) on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode pretreated in the step (3), and drying to obtain the chemically modified electrode which is marked as AgPt @ MXene/GCE; AgPt/GCE, MXene/GCE were prepared in a similar manner;
the modified electrode is further subjected to conventional electrochemical performance test, and the result is good;
the chemically modified electrode for detecting the sulphaguanidine can be applied to the determination of the sulphaguanidine in animal-derived food, and has good sensitivity, accuracy and selectivity;
the sample comprises chicken, pork, mutton, rabbit meat and milk;
the detection conditions are as follows:
measurement Medium: citric acid-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution at pH 4.0;
enrichment potential: 0.2V;
differential pulse conditions: the amplitude is 0.05V, the pulse period is 0.5 s, and the pulse width is 0.05 s;
the specific detection method comprises the following steps: record 5.0 mmol/L K in 0.1 mol/L KCl3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6]Electrochemical alternating current impedance maps on different modified electrodes; placing a three-electrode system in a citric acid-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution with the pH value of 4.0 by taking AgPt @ MXene/GCE as a working electrode, wherein the enrichment time is 60 s, the enrichment potential is 0.2V, and collecting Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) curves of sulfaguanidine at different sweep rates and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) curves of sulfaguanidine at different concentrations; the practical application value of AgPt @ MXene/GCE is examined by taking various animal-derived foods as an example, and the sulfaguanidine in the animal-derived foods is detected and analyzed.
Has the positive and beneficial effects that: (1) the AgPt @ MXene nano composite material is adopted as a sensor sensitive material for the first time, the preparation is simple and convenient, the cost is low, the sensor sensitive material has the advantages of large specific surface area, good conductivity and strong enrichment capacity, and a uniform film can be prepared on the surface of an electrode by a simple solvent dripping and evaporating method, and the preparation only needs 4 min; (2) the electrochemical response signal of the sulphaguanidine can be obviously improved, the analysis sensitivity is high, and the detection limit reaches 0.03 mu mol/L; (3) the analysis speed is high, direct measurement can be realized, the analysis time is about 4 min, and the requirement of on-site rapid measurement can be met; (4) the reproducibility is good, 20 sensors are used for measuring the sulphaguanidine with the same concentration, and the relative standard deviation is less than 4.0 percent; (5) easy and simple to handle, portable, the practicality is strong: the modified electrode is applied to the determination of animal-derived food, and the result is consistent with that obtained by high performance liquid chromatography by the standard addition experiment, wherein the standard addition recovery rate is between 97.0% and 108%, which shows that the accuracy of the chemically modified electrode in the actual sample determination is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows 5.0 mmol/L K in 0.1 mol/L KCl3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6]Electrochemical AC impedance profiles on bare GCE (a), MXene/GCE (b), AgPt/GCE (c) and AgPt @ MXene/GCE (d)
FIG. 2 is a DPV curve of 50. mu. mol/L sulphaguanidine in pH 4.0 disodium phosphate-citric acid buffer solution on naked GCE (b), MXene/GCE (c), AgPt/GCE (d) and AgPt @ MXene/GCE (e), curve a corresponding to the DPV curve of AgPt @ MXene/GCE in blank solution
FIG. 3 is a CV curve of 50 μmol/L sulfaguanidine on AgPt @ MXene/GCE at various sweep rates (100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 mV/s from a to g) in disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution at pH 4.0; the inside inset isI pAndν(A) andE pand lnν(B) A linear relationship therebetween;
FIG. 4 is a DPV plot of various concentrations (0.08, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 65. mu. mol/L from a to h) of sulphaguanidine on AgPt @ MXene/GCE in a pH 4.0 disodium phosphate-citric acid buffer solution; the inside inset isI pAndca linear relationship therebetween.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the modified electrode is a glassy carbon electrode modified by an AgPt @ MXene nano composite, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparation of AgPt @ MXene nano composite:
preheating 5 mL of ethylene glycol at 140 ℃ for 1 h, and adding 0.2 mL of 3 mmol/L HCl ethylene glycol solution under vigorous stirring; heating with stirring was continued for 10 min, and 3 mL of 94 mmol/L AgNO were added dropwise at a rate of 45 mL/h simultaneously3Then stirring and heating the mixture for 12 hours to obtain beige suspension, and cooling the beige suspension to room temperature; adding 5 mL of 0.1 wt% PVP aqueous solution and 1 mL of the beige suspension into a 25 mL round-bottom flask, heating to 100 ℃, and stirring for 10 min; then, 2 mL of 1 mmol/L H was added dropwise2PtCl6Continuously stirring the solution for 1 h at the temperature of 100 ℃ to prepare an AgPt nanotube with a smooth surface;
then, 0.01 g of AgPt nanotube is dispersed in a solution containing 10 mL of isopropanol and 0.1 mL of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and then stirred overnight to obtain a hollow sphere with positive charges on the surface; washing with water for 3 times, and dispersing the product in 3 mL of distilled water to obtain AgPt nanotube dispersion liquid with positive charges on the surface;
then adding 1 g of multi-layer Ti3C2TxDispersing the powder into 10 mL tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and stirring for 18 h at room temperature; centrifuging the mixture at 8000 rpm for 4 min, collecting precipitate, adding 250 mL water, and performing ultrasonic treatment in Ar for 2 h; centrifuging the mixed solution at 3500 rpm for 1 h, and collecting the supernatant, namely the Ti3C2MXene dispersion liquid;
finally, AgPt nanotube dispersion liquid with positive charges on the surface and Ti3C2MXene dispersion the following 2: 3, stirring for 2 h, centrifuging at 8000 rpm for 20 min, washing with water for 3 times, and collecting the product, namely AgPt @ MXene;
weighing the AgPt @ MXene nano compound prepared in the step 1, mixing the AgPt @ MXene nano compound with secondary water, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour to obtain 2 mg/mL of dispersion liquid for preparing a modified electrode;
firstly, polishing a glassy carbon electrode by using aluminum oxide polishing powder, and sequentially ultrasonically cleaning by using nitric acid/aqueous solution, ethanol/aqueous solution and secondary water;
step 4, preparing a chemically modified electrode:
dropwise coating the AgPt @ MXene nano composite material dispersion liquid obtained in the step 2 on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode pretreated in the step 3, and drying to obtain the chemically modified electrode, wherein the chemically modified electrode is marked as AgPt @ MXene/GCE; AgPt/GCE, MXene/GCE were prepared in a similar manner;
a three-electrode system with AgPt @ MXene/GCE as a working electrode is adopted for subsequent electrochemical detection, and the method is particularly applied to detection of sulphaguanidine in animal-derived food;
the specific detection method comprises the following steps:
record 5.0 mmol/L K in 0.1 mol/L KCl3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6]Electrochemical ac impedance profiles (shown in figure 1) at different modified electrodes; collecting differential pulse voltammetry curves (shown in figure 2) of sulfaguanidine on different modified electrodes in a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 4.0; placing a three-electrode system in a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 4.0 by taking AgPt @ MXene/GCE as a working electrode, wherein the enrichment time is 60 s and the enrichment potential is 0.2V, and collecting cyclic voltammetry curves (shown in figure 3) of the sulfamidine at different sweep rates and differential pulse voltammetry curves (shown in figure 4) of the sulfamidine at different concentrations; the practical application value of AgPt @ MXene/GCE is examined by taking various animal-derived foods as an example, and the sulfaguanidine in the sample is detected and analyzed, as shown in the following table, each sample is parallelly measured for 10 times, the RSD is lower than 3.7%, and the chemical modification electrode is good in stability.
The experimental detection result shows that the AgPt @ MXene heterojunction nano composite material prepared by the method has large specific surface area and catalytic activity, and can improve the determination sensitivity, accelerate the electron transfer and improve the electrochemical response signal.
The invention has the following advantages: (1) the AgPt @ MXene nano composite material is adopted as a sensor sensitive material for the first time, the preparation is simple and convenient, the cost is low, the sensor has the advantages of large specific surface area, good conductivity and strong enrichment capacity, and the preparation process only needs 4 min; (2) the electrochemical response signal of the sulphaguanidine can be obviously improved, the analysis sensitivity is high, and the detection limit reaches 0.03 mu mol/L; (3) the analysis speed is high, direct measurement can be realized, the analysis time is about 4 min, and the requirement of on-site rapid measurement can be met; (4) the reproducibility is good, and when 20 sensors are used for measuring the sulphaguanidine with the same concentration, the relative standard deviation is less than 4.0 percent; (5) easy and simple to handle, portable, the practicality is strong: the modified electrode is applied to the determination of animal-derived food, and the result is consistent with that obtained by high performance liquid chromatography by the standard addition experiment, which shows that the chemical modified electrode has good accuracy in the determination of actual samples.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is presented for the purposes of illustration and explanation, and not limitation. Modifications and equivalents of the disclosed embodiments may be made within the spirit and principles of the invention, and any modifications or equivalents may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A chemical modification electrode for sensitively detecting sulphaguanidine is characterized in that: the chemical modification electrode is a glassy carbon electrode modified by an AgPt @ MXene heterojunction nano composite;
the preparation method of the AgPt @ MXene nano composite comprises the following steps:
preheating 5 mL of ethylene glycol at 140 ℃ for 1 h, and adding 0.2 mL of 3 mmol/L HCl ethylene glycol solution under vigorous stirring; heating with stirring was continued for 10 min, and 3 mL of 94 mmol/L AgNO were added dropwise at a rate of 45 mL/h simultaneously3Then stirring and heating the mixture for 12 hours to obtain beige suspension, and cooling the beige suspension to room temperature; 5 mL of a 0.1 wt% aqueous PVP solution and 1 mL of the above beige suspension were added to a 25 mL round bottom flask and the temperature was raised to 100 ℃Then stirring for 10 min; then, 2 mL of 1 mmol/L H was added dropwise2PtCl6Continuously stirring the solution for 1 h at the temperature of 100 ℃ to prepare an AgPt nanotube with a smooth surface;
then, 0.01 g of AgPt nanotube is dispersed in a solution containing 10 mL of isopropanol and 0.1 mL of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and then stirred overnight to obtain a hollow sphere with positive charges on the surface; washing with water for 3 times, and dispersing the product in 3 mL of distilled water to obtain AgPt nanotube dispersion liquid with positive charges on the surface;
then adding 1 g of multi-layer Ti3C2TxDispersing the powder into 10 mL tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and stirring for 18 h at room temperature; centrifuging the mixture at 8000 rpm for 4 min, collecting precipitate, adding 250 mL water, and performing ultrasonic treatment in Ar for 2 h; centrifuging the mixed solution at 3500 rpm for 1 h, and collecting the supernatant, namely the Ti3C2MXene dispersion liquid;
finally, AgPt nanotube dispersion liquid with positive charges on the surface and Ti3C2MXene dispersion the following 2: 3, stirring for 2 h, centrifuging at 8000 rpm for 20 min, washing with water for 3 times, and collecting the product, namely the AgPt @ MXene nano-composite.
2. The method for preparing the chemically modified electrode for sensitively detecting sulfadiazine according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing an AgPt @ MXene nano compound;
step 2, dispersing and pretreating the AgPt @ MXene nano compound;
step 3, pretreating the glassy carbon electrode;
step 4, preparing a chemically modified electrode;
and 5, carrying out conventional electrochemical performance test on the modified electrode prepared in the step 4.
3. The method for preparing the chemically modified electrode for sensitively detecting sulfadiazine according to claim 2, is characterized in that:
the step 2, the dispersion pretreatment of the AgPt @ MXene nano composite comprises the following steps:
and (3) weighing the AgPt @ MXene nano compound prepared in the step (1), mixing the AgPt @ MXene nano compound with secondary water, and performing ultrasonic treatment for 1 h to obtain 2 mg/mL of dispersion liquid for modifying the electrode.
4. The method for preparing the modified electrode for sensitively detecting sulfadiazine according to claim 2, is characterized in that:
the preparation method of the chemically modified electrode in the step 4 comprises the following steps:
firstly, pretreating the glassy carbon electrode according to the step 3: polishing the glassy carbon electrode by using aluminum oxide polishing powder, and then ultrasonically cleaning by using nitric acid/aqueous solution, ethanol/aqueous solution and secondary water in sequence;
and secondly, dropwise coating the AgPt @ MXene nano composite dispersed liquid obtained in the step 2 on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode pretreated in the step 3, and drying to obtain the chemically modified electrode, wherein the chemically modified electrode is marked as AgPt @ MXene/GCE.
5. The application of the modified electrode for sensitively detecting sulfadiazine prepared by the preparation method of claim 2 is characterized in that: the electrochemical detection is carried out by adopting a modified electrode AgPt @ MXene/GCE as a working electrode, and the method is particularly applied to the determination of sulphaguanidine in animal-derived food.
6. The method for specifically detecting a chemically modified electrode for sensitively detecting sulfadiazine according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
placing a three-electrode system in a disodium hydrogen phosphate-citric acid buffer solution with the pH value of 4.0 by taking AgPt @ MXene/GCE as a working electrode, setting the enrichment time to be 60 s and the enrichment potential to be 0.2V, and collecting cyclic voltammetry curves of sulfaguanidine at different sweeping speeds and differential pulse voltammetry curves of sulfaguanidine at different concentrations; recording electrochemical alternating-current impedance maps of different modified electrodes; recording differential pulse voltammetry curves of sulfaguanidine on different modified electrodes; the practical application value of AgPt @ MXene/GCE is examined by taking various animal-derived foods as examples, and the sulfaguanidine in the samples is detected and analyzed.
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