CN110207822A - Highly sensitive optical time delay estimating system, method and medium - Google Patents
Highly sensitive optical time delay estimating system, method and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of highly sensitive optical time delay estimating system, method and media, comprising: light source module, polarization state premodulated module, optical time delay sensing module, combined spectrum detecting module and data processing module；For the light source module for generating original optical signal, central wavelength is denoted as λ0；The polarization premodulated module is used to making the polarization of original optical signal into premodulated, generates the first output light；The optical time delay sensing module is used to for optical time delay value to be measured to be loaded into the first output light, generates the second output light；Selecting module is used to the second output light making Projective decomposition by specified polarization state after the polarization state, generates two-way output light, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light.The present invention is realized the measurement of the high sensitivity to the small quantity of such as time delay, is also provided a kind of measurement scheme of high sensitivity for other optical parameter valuation tasks using the method for " the weak value amplification of joint biasing ".
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measuring techniques to micro-physical, and in particular, to a kind of high sensitivity optical time delay estimation
System, method and medium.In particular, it is related to can be applied to reality based on the optical time delay estimating system for combining weak value amplifying technique
Existing optical precision measurement, such as optical coherence tomography, improve resolution ratio and detectivity.
Background technique
In field of precision measurement, weak measuring technique is broadly divided into two classes: weak value amplification is weak to measure and combines weak measurement.Its
In, it is early that weak value amplifies the comparison that weak measuring technique proposes, and this technology has been obtained be widely applied at present.But
Inevitably, this technology has some defects, such as:
1, the weak weak measurement of value amplification utilizes weak coupling and rear selection technique, by originally very small parameter amplification appropriate
To the position of an observable quantity, to indirectly measure to small quantity, this " amplification " is to select photon after sacrifice
Obtained from number, that is to say, that when rear selected angle and preceding selected angle closer to it is vertical when, amplification factor is bigger, but
The number of photons received on detector is fewer, and utilizable information content is with regard to smaller.
2, amplify in weak measurement in weak value, the calculating of amplification factor depends on rear selected angle, although rear selected angle can
With previously known, but in an experiment, polarizing film is selected to disturb after, rear selected angle can deviate from true value, that
, measurement accuracy just has deviation.
By the above description it is found that weak value magnification scheme haves the defects that some to be difficult to overcome.In recent years, scholar mentions
Go out based on the Estimation of Parameters method for combining weak measurement.This method is established amplifies on weak Fundamentals of Measurement in weak value, different
It is to combine weak measurement the light after rear selection is divided into two-way, and at the same time all photons are measured, by doing so it will receiving
Collect whole photon informations, improves measurement accuracy；In addition, the weak measurement of joint is obtained using the post-processing algorithm of maximal possibility estimation
To offset, this method can estimate small parameter and rear selection parameter simultaneously in the case where selection parameter after unknown,
In this way, even if selection parameter is unstable after under experimental conditions, using combine weak measurement method will not affecting parameters estimate
Precision.Therefore, the defect that weak value amplifies weak measurement can effectively be made up by combining weak measurement.However, combining weak measurement method
There is also following deficiencies:
1) it is arranged in the case of identical weak value amplification factor, offset only has the half (sensitivity of the weak value amplification method of tradition
Drop by half)；
2) higher weak value amplification factor can not be obtained by modulation offset phase.
It can be seen that weak value, which amplifies and combines two kinds of existing weak measurement schemes of weak measurement, has intrinsic deficiency.This hair
It is bright to propose a kind of new method for realizing weak measurement parameters valuation, weak value can be amplified to and be combined weak measurement two schemes
Advantage organically combines, and mutually learns from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, and weak value magnification scheme efficiency can be overcome too low and the weak measurement side of joint
Case amplification factor is difficult to the problem of being promoted, and realizes that high efficiency, highly sensitive parameter measurement provide a kind of reliable skill to use
Art approach.
Patent document CN107121207A (application number: 201610101252.2) is disclosed a kind of based on the weak measurement of joint
The time delay estimation method and system of technology, comprising: optical module, data acquisition module and data processing module；Wherein,
The optical module is used to estimate time delay according to the weak measurement parameter algorithm for estimating of joint；The data acquisition module is used for
Control spectrometer collection data；The data processing module obtains time delay for measurement data to be analyzed and handled
Estimated value.
Summary of the invention
For the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of highly sensitive optical time delay estimating system,
Method and medium.
A kind of highly sensitive optical time delay estimating system provided according to the present invention, comprising: light source module, polarization state are presetting
Molding block, optical time delay sensing module, combined spectrum detecting module and data processing module；
For the light source module for generating original optical signal, central wavelength is denoted as λ0；
The polarization premodulated module is used to making the polarization of original optical signal into premodulated, generates the first output light；
The optical time delay sensing module is used to for optical time delay value to be measured to be loaded into the first output light, generates the second output
Light；
Selecting module is used to the second output light making Projective decomposition by specified polarization state after the polarization state, and it is defeated to generate two-way
Light out, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light；
The combined spectrum detecting module is used to carry out spectrum detection, output spectrum simultaneously to third output light and the 4th output light
Signal；
The spectral signal of the data processing module acquisition, storage output, and collected spectral signal is analyzed
And processing, obtain the estimated value of time delay.
Preferably, the polarization premodulated module includes: linear polarizer (1) and the first quarter-wave plate (2),
The polarization premodulated module:
The original optical signal for generating light source module is generated by linear polarizer (1) and the first quarter-wave plate (2)
First output light, the linear polarizer direction are set as horizontal by the first default angle, the quarter-wave plate
Direction is set asAngle, the polarization state of first output light select state, mark before being denoted as
Expression are as follows:
Wherein,
Polarization state is selected before indicating；
| H >, | V > respectively indicates horizontal state of polarization, perpendicular polarisation state；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
e-iCεIndicate phase modulation value-C ε；
eiCεIndicate phase modulation value C ε；
The phase value C for needing to modulate is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
ω indicates the angular frequency of optical signal,
ω0Indicate the average value of optical signal angular frequency.
The optical time delay sensing module includes: that rope tires out-Babinet's compensator (3)；
The optical time delay sensing module: making the first output light tire out-Babinet's compensator by rope, generates the second output
Light；
The rope is tired-and the direction of Babinet's compensator is set as with linear polarizer in the second default angle, compared to the
One output light increases one section of propagation delay, this is prolonged between the horizontal polarisation component of the second output light and vertical polarized component
It is denoted as τ late.
Preferably, selecting module includes: the second quarter-wave plate (4) and polarization beam apparatus (5) after the polarization state；
Selecting module after the polarization state: the second output light is passed through into second quarter-wave plate (4) and polarization beam splitting
Device (5) generates two-way output light, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light；
Second quarter-wave plate direction is set as presetting angle, the polarization point in third with linear polarizer
Beam device polarization direction is set as with linear polarizer in the 4th default angle.
Preferably, the combined spectrum detecting module include: the first optical fiber collimator (6), the second optical fiber collimator (7) and
Spectrometer (8) with optical switch module；
The combined spectrum detecting module: the two-way output light that selecting module after the polarization state generates is passed through into optical fiber respectively
Coupling device enters the optical fiber for being connected to spectrometer, and then by spectrometer collection, obtains spectral information；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to transmitted light are as follows:
P1(λi) indicate optical signal transmissive spectrum Wavelength distribution；
P0(λi) indicate initial optical signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
λ0Mean wavelength is indicated, by formula ∑i P(λi)λiIt calculates
λiIndicate the observable a certain wave length calibration value of spectrometer；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
τ indicates optical time delay；
Aw1(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw1(λi)] indicate Aw1(λi) imaginary part；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to reflected light are as follows:
P2(λi) indicate reflected light signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
Aw2(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw2(λi)] indicate Aw2(λi) imaginary part.
Preferably, the data processing module acquires and stores the spectral information of combined spectrum detecting module acquisition；According to institute
The spectral information for stating the acquisition of combined spectrum detecting module, defines and calculates following average wave long value:
Indicate the average wave long value being calculated by measurement data；
The estimated value of time delay is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
τ indicates optical time delay to be measured, the i.e. estimated value of time delay；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
δ λ indicates wavelength shift, by by average wave long valueSubtract the primary wave long value λ of input light0It obtains.
A kind of highly sensitive optical time delay estimation method provided according to the present invention, comprising: light source generates step, polarization state
Premodulated step, optical time delay perception step, combined spectrum detection steps and data processing step；
For the light source step for generating original optical signal, central wavelength is denoted as λ0；
The polarization premodulated step is used to making the polarization of original optical signal into premodulated, generates the first output light；
The optical time delay perception step is used to for optical time delay value to be measured to be loaded into the first output light, generates the second output
Light；
It selects step to be used to the second output light making Projective decomposition by specified polarization state after the polarization state, it is defeated to generate two-way
Light out, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light；
The combined spectrum detection steps are used to carry out spectrum detection, output spectrum simultaneously to third output light and the 4th output light
Signal；
The spectral signal of the data processing step acquisition, storage output, and collected spectral signal is analyzed
And processing, obtain the estimated value of time delay.
Preferably, the polarization premodulated step:
So that light source is generated the original optical signal that step generates and pass through linear polarizer (1) and the first quarter-wave plate (2),
The first output light is generated, the linear polarizer direction is set as horizontal by the first default angle, a quarter
Wave plate direction is set asAngle, the polarization state of first output light select state before being denoted as,
Mark expression are as follows:
Wherein,
Polarization state is selected before indicating；
| H >, | V > respectively indicate horizontal state of polarization, perpendicular polarisation state；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
e-iCεIndicate phase modulation value-C；
eiCεIndicate phase modulation value C；
The phase value C for needing to modulate is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
ω indicates the angular frequency of optical signal,
ω0Indicate the average value of optical signal angular frequency；
The optical time delay perceives step: so that the first output light is tired out-Babinet's compensator (3) by rope, it is defeated to generate second
Light out；
The rope is tired-and the direction of Babinet's compensator is set as with linear polarizer in the second default angle, compared to the
One output light increases one section of propagation delay, this is prolonged between the horizontal polarisation component of the second output light and vertical polarized component
It is denoted as τ late.
Preferably, step is selected after the polarization state: by the second output light by second quarter-wave plate (4) and partially
It shakes beam splitter (5), generates two-way output light, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light；
Second quarter-wave plate direction is set as presetting angle, the polarization point in third with linear polarizer
Beam device polarization direction is set as with linear polarizer in the 4th default angle；
The combined spectrum detection steps: the two-way output light for selecting step to generate after the polarization state is passed through into optical fiber respectively
Coupling device enters the optical fiber for being connected to spectrometer, and then by spectrometer collection, obtains spectral information；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to transmitted light are as follows:
P1(λi) indicate optical signal transmissive spectrum Wavelength distribution；
P0(λi) indicate initial optical signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
λ0Mean wavelength is indicated, by formula ∑iP(λi)λiIt calculates
λiIndicate the observable a certain wave length calibration value of spectrometer；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
τ indicates optical time delay；
Aw1(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw1(λi)] indicate Aw1(λi) imaginary part；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to reflected light are as follows:
P2(λi) indicate reflected light signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
Aw2(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw2(λi)] indicate Aw2(λi) imaginary part.
Preferably, the data processing step acquires and stores the spectral information of combined spectrum detection steps acquisition；
According to the spectral information that the combined spectrum detection steps obtain, defines and calculates following average wave long value:
Indicate the average wave long value being calculated by measurement data；
The estimated value of time delay is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
τ indicates optical time delay to be measured, the i.e. estimated value of time delay；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
δ λ indicates wavelength shift, by by average wave long valueSubtract the primary wave long value λ of input light0It obtains.
A kind of computer readable storage medium for being stored with computer program provided according to the present invention, which is characterized in that
Described in any item highly sensitive optical time delay estimation methods among the above are realized when the computer program is executed by processor
Step.
Compared with prior art, the present invention have it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, the advantages of weak value can be amplified and combine weak measurement two schemes by present invention combination, mutually takes long benefit
It is short, weak value magnification scheme efficiency can be overcome too low and what the weak measurement scheme amplification factor of joint was difficult to be promoted asks
Topic realizes that high efficiency, highly sensitive parameter measurement provide a kind of reliable technological approaches to use.
2, the present invention is realized using the method for " the weak value amplification of joint biasing " to the high of the small quantity of such as time delay
The measurement of sensitivity also provides a kind of measurement scheme of high sensitivity for other optical parameter valuation tasks.
Detailed description of the invention
Upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other feature of the invention,
Objects and advantages will become more apparent upon:
Fig. 1 is provided by the invention based on the time delay structural schematic diagram for combining weak measurement；
Fig. 2 is the initial spectrum schematic diagram of Gaussian Profile optical signal provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is the initial spectrum schematic diagram of non-gaussian distribution optical signal provided by the invention；
Fig. 4 is the spectrum offset rate schematic diagram that Gaussian Profile light source provided by the invention is simulated；
Fig. 5 is the spectrum offset rate partial enlargement diagram that Gaussian Profile light source provided by the invention is simulated；
Fig. 6 is the spectrum offset rate that non-gaussian distribution light source analogy provided by the invention obtains；
Fig. 7 is the spectrum offset rate partial enlargement diagram that non-gaussian distribution light source analogy provided by the invention obtains.
It is shown in figure:
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.Following embodiment will be helpful to the technology of this field
Personnel further understand the present invention, but the invention is not limited in any way.It should be pointed out that the common skill of this field
For art personnel, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, several changes and improvements can also be made.These belong to this
The protection scope of invention.
A kind of highly sensitive optical time delay estimating system provided according to the present invention, comprising: light source module, polarization state are presetting
Molding block, optical time delay sensing module, combined spectrum detecting module and data processing module；
For the light source module for generating original optical signal, central wavelength is denoted as λ0；
The polarization premodulated module is used to making the polarization of original optical signal into premodulated, generates the first output light；
The optical time delay sensing module is used to for optical time delay value to be measured to be loaded into the first output light, generates the second output
Light；
Selecting module is used to the second output light making Projective decomposition by specified polarization state after the polarization state, and it is defeated to generate two-way
Light out, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light；
The combined spectrum detecting module is used to carry out spectrum detection, output spectrum simultaneously to third output light and the 4th output light
Signal；
The spectral signal of the data processing module acquisition, storage output, and collected spectral signal is analyzed
And processing, obtain the estimated value of time delay.
Specifically, the polarization premodulated module includes: linear polarizer (1) and the first quarter-wave plate (2),
The polarization premodulated module:
The original optical signal for generating light source module is generated by linear polarizer (1) and the first quarter-wave plate (2)
First output light, the linear polarizer direction are set as horizontal by the first default angle, the quarter-wave plate
Direction is set asAngle, the polarization state of first output light select state, mark before being denoted as
Expression are as follows:
Wherein,
Polarization state is selected before indicating；
| H >, | V > respectively indicate horizontal state of polarization, perpendicular polarisation state；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
e-iCεIndicate phase modulation value-C ε；
eiCεIndicate phase modulation value C ε；
The phase value C for needing to modulate is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
ω indicates the angular frequency of optical signal,
ω0Indicate the average value of optical signal angular frequency.
The optical time delay sensing module includes: that rope tires out-Babinet's compensator (3)；
The optical time delay sensing module: making the first output light tire out-Babinet's compensator by rope, generates the second output
Light；
The rope is tired-and the direction of Babinet's compensator is set as with linear polarizer in the second default angle, compared to the
One output light increases one section of propagation delay, this is prolonged between the horizontal polarisation component of the second output light and vertical polarized component
It is denoted as τ late.
Specifically, selecting module includes: the second quarter-wave plate (4) and polarization beam apparatus (5) after the polarization state；
Selecting module after the polarization state: the second output light is passed through into second quarter-wave plate (4) and polarization beam splitting
Device (5) generates two-way output light, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light；
Second quarter-wave plate direction is set as presetting angle, the polarization point in third with linear polarizer
Beam device polarization direction is set as with linear polarizer in the 4th default angle.
Specifically, the combined spectrum detecting module include: the first optical fiber collimator (6), the second optical fiber collimator (7) and
Spectrometer (8) with optical switch module；
The combined spectrum detecting module: the two-way output light that selecting module after the polarization state generates is passed through into optical fiber respectively
Coupling device enters the optical fiber for being connected to spectrometer, and then by spectrometer collection, obtains spectral information；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to transmitted light are as follows:
P1(λi) indicate optical signal transmissive spectrum Wavelength distribution；
P0(λi) indicate initial optical signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
λ0Mean wavelength is indicated, by formula ∑iP(λi)λiIt calculates
λiIndicate the observable a certain wave length calibration value of spectrometer；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
τ indicates optical time delay；
Aw1(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw1(λi)] indicate Aw1(λi) imaginary part；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to reflected light are as follows:
P2(λi) indicate reflected light signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
Aw2(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw2(λi)] indicate Aw2(λi) imaginary part.
Specifically, the data processing module acquires and stores the spectral information of combined spectrum detecting module acquisition；According to institute
The spectral information for stating the acquisition of combined spectrum detecting module, defines and calculates following average wave long value:
Indicate the average wave long value being calculated by measurement data；
The estimated value of time delay is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
τ indicates optical time delay to be measured, the i.e. estimated value of time delay；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
δ λ indicates wavelength shift, by by average wave long valueSubtract the primary wave long value λ of input light0It obtains.
High sensitivity optical time delay estimating system provided by the invention, when the highly sensitive optics that can be given through the invention
The step process for prolonging estimation method is realized.Those skilled in the art can be by the highly sensitive optical time delay estimation method, reason
Solution is a preference of the highly sensitive optical time delay estimating system.
A kind of highly sensitive optical time delay estimation method provided according to the present invention, comprising: light source generates step, polarization state
Premodulated step, optical time delay perception step, combined spectrum detection steps and data processing step；
For the light source step for generating original optical signal, central wavelength is denoted as λ0；
The polarization premodulated step is used to making the polarization of original optical signal into premodulated, generates the first output light；
The optical time delay perception step is used to for optical time delay value to be measured to be loaded into the first output light, generates the second output
Light；
It selects step to be used to the second output light making Projective decomposition by specified polarization state after the polarization state, it is defeated to generate two-way
Light out, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light；
The combined spectrum detection steps are used to carry out spectrum detection, output spectrum simultaneously to third output light and the 4th output light
Signal；
The spectral signal of the data processing step acquisition, storage output, and collected spectral signal is analyzed
And processing, obtain the estimated value of time delay.
Specifically, the polarization premodulated step:
So that light source is generated the original optical signal that step generates and pass through linear polarizer (1) and the first quarter-wave plate (2),
The first output light is generated, the linear polarizer direction is set as horizontal by the first default angle, a quarter
Wave plate direction is set asAngle, the polarization state of first output light select state before being denoted as,
Mark expression are as follows:
Wherein,
Polarization state is selected before indicating；
| H >, | V > respectively indicates horizontal state of polarization, perpendicular polarisation state；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
e-iCεIndicate phase modulation value-C；
eiCεIndicate phase modulation value C；
The phase value C for needing to modulate is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
ω indicates the angular frequency of optical signal,
ω0Indicate the average value of optical signal angular frequency；
The optical time delay perceives step: so that the first output light is tired out-Babinet's compensator (3) by rope, it is defeated to generate second
Light out；
The rope is tired-and the direction of Babinet's compensator is set as with linear polarizer in the second default angle, compared to the
One output light increases one section of propagation delay, this is prolonged between the horizontal polarisation component of the second output light and vertical polarized component
It is denoted as τ late.
Specifically, step is selected after the polarization state: by the second output light by second quarter-wave plate (4) and partially
It shakes beam splitter (5), generates two-way output light, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light；
Second quarter-wave plate direction is set as presetting angle, the polarization point in third with linear polarizer
Beam device polarization direction is set as with linear polarizer in the 4th default angle；
The combined spectrum detection steps: the two-way output light for selecting step to generate after the polarization state is passed through into optical fiber respectively
Coupling device enters the optical fiber for being connected to spectrometer, and then by spectrometer collection, obtains spectral information；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to transmitted light are as follows:
P1(λi) indicate optical signal transmissive spectrum Wavelength distribution；
P0(λi) indicate initial optical signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
λ0Mean wavelength is indicated, by formula ∑iP(λi)λiIt calculates
λiIndicate the observable a certain wave length calibration value of spectrometer；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
τ indicates optical time delay；
Aw1(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw1(λi)] indicate Aw1(λi) imaginary part；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to reflected light are as follows:
P2(λi) indicate reflected light signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
Aw2(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw2(λi)] indicate Aw2(λi) imaginary part.
Specifically, the data processing step acquires and stores the spectral information of combined spectrum detection steps acquisition；
According to the spectral information that the combined spectrum detection steps obtain, defines and calculates following average wave long value:
Indicate the average wave long value being calculated by measurement data；
The estimated value of time delay is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
τ indicates optical time delay to be measured, the i.e. estimated value of time delay；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
δ λ indicates wavelength shift, by by average wave long valueSubtract the primary wave long value λ of input light0It obtains.
A kind of computer readable storage medium for being stored with computer program provided according to the present invention, which is characterized in that
Described in any item highly sensitive optical time delay estimation methods among the above are realized when the computer program is executed by processor
Step.
Below by preference, the present invention is more specifically illustrated.
Preference 1:
The weak value of the joint with high sensitivity provided according to the present invention amplifies new method, using described in any of the above-described
Based on the time delay estimadon system for combining weak measuring technique；Include the following steps:
Polarization premodulated and optical time delay perceive step: the light issued to light source is handled, and is obtained and parameter phase to be measured
The reflected light and optical signal transmissive spectrum of pass；
Step is selected after polarization state: for optical signal to be made Projective decomposition by specified polarization state；
Combined spectrum detection steps: for carrying out spectrum detection simultaneously to two-way output optical signal；
Data acquisition and processing (DAP) step: controlling the process of spectroscopic acquisition, realizes the acquisition and storage of spectral signal；It is right
Collected spectral signal is analyzed and is handled in data collection steps, obtains the estimated value of time delay.
Preferably, the polarization premodulated and optical time delay perception step include:
Step A1: it is selected before carrying out polarization state to light signal light.Specifically, issuing super-radiance light emitting diode light source
Light by linear polarizer and quarter-wave plate, generate output light.The linear polarizer direction is set as and level
Face be in 45 ° of angles, the quarter-wave plate direction be set as be in linear polarizer directionAngle, the polarization of output light
State selects state, mark expression before being denoted as are as follows:
Wherein,MarkState is selected before indicating, | H > and | V > respectively indicates horizontal polarization and vertical
Polarization state；
Step A2: weak coupling is generated.Specifically, the light of selection state tires out-Babinet's compensator by rope before making, generate defeated
Light out.The rope is tired-and the direction of Babinet's compensator is set as with linear polarizer in 45 ° of angles.It is defeated compared to input light
One section of propagation delay is increased between the horizontal polarisation component of light and vertical polarized component out, which is denoted as τ
Preferably, selection step includes: after the polarization state
Step B: it is selected after carrying out polarization state to the optical signal of previous step output.Specifically, by previous step output
Optical signal generates two-way output light by second quarter-wave plate and polarization beam apparatus.Second quarter-wave
Piece direction is set as with linear polarizer in 45 ° of angles, the polarization beam apparatus polarization direction be set as be in linear polarizer
0 ° of angle.The two-way light of output is denoted as transmitted light and reflected light respectively.
Preferably, combined spectrum detection steps include:
Step C: combine weak measurement process.Specifically, the two-way output light that previous step generates is passed through optical fiber coupling respectively
It closes equipment and enters the optical fiber for being connected to spectrometer, and then by spectrometer collection.
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to transmitted light are as follows:
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to reflected light are as follows:
In formula, weak value amplification factor Aw1(λ) and Aw2(λ) is defined by the formula:
Preferably, the data acquisition and processing (DAP) step includes:
Step D1: computer is connect with photoswitch, spectroanalysis instrument by IP network；
Step D2: it by calling Dynamic Link Library Function, is realized and photoswitch and light on Labview platform or FPGA
Serial communication between spectrum analysis instrument.The parameter setting of process control spectroanalysis instrument is write on this basis, controls photoswitch
Switching and spectroanalysis instrument data acquisition.Analytic function built in collected spectroscopic data and spectroanalysis instrument is exported
Data save as file.
Step D3: according to the resulting light distribution of step C, estimating for time delay is obtained using maximum Likelihood
Evaluation.Specifically, it according to the resulting light distribution of data collection steps, defines and calculates following average wave long value:
Then, time delay value to be estimated is calculated using following formula:
In formula, τ indicates that optical time delay to be measured, c indicate the light velocity in vacuum, and δ λ indicates wavelength shift, by that will walk
The average wave long value that rapid C is calculatedSubtract the primary wave long value λ of input light0It obtains.
Preference 2:
It is provided by the invention to be examined based on the Estimation of Parameters method for combining weak value amplifying technique and its in high-precision optical time delay
Application scheme in survey obtains unknown ginseng using selection, combined measurement and the method for calculating mean wavelength deviant before biasing
Amount.
In the present embodiment, the fine delay measuring system provided by the invention with high sensitivity, comprising: optical mode
Block, data acquisition module and data processing module；Wherein, the light that the optical module is used to issue signal source carries out corresponding
Processing, obtains the spectrum of the signal source corresponding transmitted light and reflected light；The data acquisition module is for controlling optical mode
Block realizes the acquisition of spectral signal and preservation；The data processing module is used to believe the collected spectrum of data acquisition module
It number is analyzed and is handled, obtain the estimated value of time delay.
Detailed process is as follows for generation time delay for the optical module:
As shown in Figure 1, laser source is SLD light source, central wavelength is in 1540nm, line width 25nm.Become after the polarizer
Linearly polarized light, the polarizer can select Glan-Taylor prism.Then light beam pass through the first quarter-wave plate, wave plate be polarized
Device is in angle as described above, choice phase before completing.
In an experiment, the initial state of system is
Wherein,For preceding selection state, | H > and | V > it is respectively horizontal polarization and vertical polarization state.
When light beam is after preceding selection, a main shaft is incident on perpendicular in the birefringece crystal of horizontal plane, when this is double
Refracting crystal with optical axis be it is axial, rotate a certain angle counterclockwise θ when, preceding selection light level polarization components and vertical polarization
A very faint time delay is had between component, can be expressed as
Wherein, ne, noIt is respectively e light, o light and mean refractive index with n, c is the light velocity, and λ is incident light frequency.
Above formula establishes the relationship of time delay τ and tilt angle theta, controls the tilt angle of birefringece crystal in an experiment
It can be obtained by different time delays.
After time delay generates, light beam passes through the second quarter-wave plate and a polarization polarizing film (PBS), and light passes through
It is divided into two-way after PBS, is received by spectrometer.Wherein quarter-wave plate is brought to the polarizer in 45 ° of angles, polarization beam splitting
The direction of device polarization optical axis is brought to identical as the polarizer.In conjunction with wave plate direction be arranged so that in zero offset two spectrum
The light intensity that instrument receives is approximately equal, meets the design for combining weak measurement.
In example, after selecting later, the rear selection state of both direction is respectively
Wherein,WithThe respectively rear selection state of transmitted light and reflected light, φ are the polarizing angle of polarization beam apparatus
Degree.After selecting later, the weak value of two-way light is denoted as A respectivelyw1、Aw2, calculation formula is as follows:
After selecting later, distribution of the probability that the photon of two-beam is detected on frequency spectrum are as follows:
Wherein P1(ω) and P2(ω) respectively indicates the spectrum of two-way light, P0(ω)=| f0(ω)|2It is the initial light of light beam
Spectrum, average value ω0。
Detailed process is as follows for the data acquisition module:
Data collection system of this set based on LABVIEW or FPGA can control spectrometer and photoswitch to spectrum number
According to being acquired.Computer and photoswitch, spectroanalysis instrument are bonded with equipment such as routers first, starting computer,
Photoswitch and spectroanalysis instrument.By observing whether serial ports shows photoswitch, spectroanalysis instrument in Labview program
Whether title judges normal with computer serial communication.Order is sent from the Labview program write to pass to spectroanalysis instrument
Enter setting, and scanning optical spectrum, program controls photoswitch switching simultaneously, and to cooperate spectroanalysis instrument to receive respectively defeated from polarization beam apparatus
Two-way light out.Spectroanalysis instrument is provided mainly in this example: 500 sampled points, HIGH1 sensitivity, automatic electric-level,
Sampling center is 1577nm and sweep length is 100nm.Program obtains the spectroscopic data from spectroanalysis instrument feedback by serial ports
With built-in analytic function output data, it is then saved in file.
Detailed process is as follows for the data processing module: being handled by writing code the data of acquisition.In example
In, when we obtain the spectrum distribution function of two-way light, so that it may estimated by above-mentioned algorithm when light is by optics
Prolong the time delay τ value to be measured after module between cross-sectional horizontal component and vertical component in the propagation direction.It is read from file
Spectroscopic data is taken, calculates mean wavelength according to following formula:
In formula, P1(λi) and P2(λi) respectively indicate the spectral intensity of the two-way light received, λiIndicate spectroanalysis instrument pair
Each sampled point of wavelength.
Then optical time delay value can be calculated by formula as follows:
In formula, τ indicates that optical time delay to be measured, c indicate the light velocity in vacuum, and δ λ indicates wavelength shift, by that will count
Obtained average wave long valueSubtract the initial average wave long value λ of input light0It obtains, λ0Change according to light source characteristic difference,
It is measured in instances by spectroanalysis instrument.
Preference 3:
The high sensitivity optical time delay estimating system based on the weak value amplification of joint provided according to the present invention, feature exist
In, including light source module, polarization state premodulated module, optical time delay sensing module, combined spectrum detecting module and data processing
Module, in which:
1, the light source module includes super-radiance light emitting diode, for generating original optical signal.
Specifically, super-radiance light emitting diode generates high power broad band light beam, and central wavelength is denoted as λ0；
2, the polarization premodulated module includes linear polarizer and the first quarter-wave plate, is used for signal light polarization
Make premodulated；
Specifically, original optical signal passes through the linear polarizer and the first quarter-wave plate that special angle is arranged in, defeated
The light beam of selection polarization state before out.
3, the optical time delay sensing module includes that rope tires out-Babinet's compensator, for loading optical time delay value to be measured
To signal light；
Specifically, the light beam of preceding selection polarization state tires out-Babinet's compensator by rope, and output has the light of Delay
Beam.
4, selecting module includes the second quarter-wave plate and polarization beam apparatus after the polarization state, for pressing optical signal
Specified polarization state makees Projective decomposition；
Specifically, the light beam with Delay passes through the second quarter-wave plate that special angle is arranged in and polarization point
Beam device exports the two orthogonal light beams of beam polarization state.
5, the combined spectrum detecting module includes optical fiber collimator, optical fiber, photoswitch and spectroanalysis instrument, for two
Road output optical signal carries out spectrum detection simultaneously；
Specifically, the two-way output light of beam splitter passes through optical fiber collimator and optical fiber respectively, into photoswitch, subsequently into
Spectroanalysis instrument.
6, the data processing module includes the platform software system based on Labview or FPGA and Matlab, realizes light
The acquisition of spectrum signal stores and collected spectral signal is analyzed and handled, and obtains the estimated value of time delay.
Specifically, control command, control are sent by the Labview platform that IP agreement is communicated with photoswitch, spectroanalysis instrument
The switching of photoswitch processed, the setting of spectroanalysis instrument, spectroscopic data and analytic function output data built in spectroanalysis instrument are adopted
Collection, and collected information is stored as file.The program that Matlab or other language are write to the data in file at
Reason, obtains the estimated value of time delay.
The analysis result of spectroanalysis instrument is as shown in Figures 2 to 7.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that in addition to realizing system provided by the invention in a manner of pure computer readable program code
And its other than each device, completely can by by method and step carry out programming in logic come so that system provided by the invention and
Its each device is with logic gate, switch, specific integrated circuit, programmable logic controller (PLC) and embedded microcontroller etc.
Form realizes identical function.So system provided by the invention and its every device are considered a kind of Hardware Subdivision
Part, the device for realizing various functions for including to it, the structure that can be considered as in hardware component can also be considered as realization
The software module of method.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make a variety of changes or modify within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiments herein and embodiment can any phase
Mutually combination.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high sensitivity optical time delay estimating system characterized by comprising light source module, polarization state premodulated module,
Optical time delay sensing module, combined spectrum detecting module and data processing module；
For the light source module for generating original optical signal, central wavelength is denoted as λ0；
The polarization premodulated module is used to making the polarization of original optical signal into premodulated, generates the first output light；
The optical time delay sensing module is used to for optical time delay value to be measured to be loaded into the first output light, generates the second output light；
Selecting module is used to the second output light making Projective decomposition by specified polarization state after the polarization state, generates two-way output
Light, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light；
The combined spectrum detecting module is used to carry out third output light and the 4th output light simultaneously in spectrum detection, output spectrum letter
Number；
The spectral signal of the data processing module acquisition, storage output, and collected spectral signal is analyzed and located
Reason, obtains the estimated value of time delay.
2. high sensitivity optical time delay estimating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the presetting molding of polarization
Block includes: linear polarizer (1) and the first quarter-wave plate (2),
The polarization premodulated module:
The original optical signal for generating light source module generates first by linear polarizer (1) and the first quarter-wave plate (2)
Output light, the linear polarizer direction are set as horizontal by the first default angle, the quarter-wave plate direction
Be set as be in linear polarizer directionAngle, the polarization state of first output light select state, mark expression before being denoted as
Are as follows:
Wherein,
Polarization state is selected before indicating；
| H >, | V > respectively indicate horizontal state of polarization, perpendicular polarisation state；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
e-iCεIndicate phase modulation value-C ε；
eiCεIndicate phase modulation value C ε；
The phase value C for needing to modulate is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
ω indicates the angular frequency of optical signal,
ω0Indicate the average value of optical signal angular frequency.
The optical time delay sensing module includes: that rope tires out-Babinet's compensator (3)；
The optical time delay sensing module: making the first output light tire out-Babinet's compensator by rope, generates the second output light；
The rope is tired-and the direction of Babinet's compensator is set as with linear polarizer in the second default angle, and it is defeated compared to first
Light out increases one section of propagation delay between the horizontal polarisation component of the second output light and vertical polarized component, which is remembered
Make τ.
3. high sensitivity optical time delay estimating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that selected after the polarization state
Module includes: the second quarter-wave plate (4) and polarization beam apparatus (5)；
Selecting module after the polarization state: the second output light is passed through into second quarter-wave plate (4) and polarization beam apparatus
(5), two-way output light, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light are generated；
Second quarter-wave plate direction is set as presetting angle, the polarization beam apparatus in third with linear polarizer
Polarization direction is set as with linear polarizer in the 4th default angle.
4. high sensitivity optical time delay estimating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the combined spectrum detects mould
Block includes: the first optical fiber collimator (6), the second optical fiber collimator (7) and the spectrometer (8) with optical switch module；
The combined spectrum detecting module: the two-way output light that selecting module after the polarization state generates is passed through into fiber coupling respectively
Equipment enters the optical fiber for being connected to spectrometer, and then by spectrometer collection, obtains spectral information；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to transmitted light are as follows:
P1(λi) indicate optical signal transmissive spectrum Wavelength distribution；
P0(λi) indicate initial optical signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
λ0Mean wavelength is indicated, by formula ∑iP(λi)λiIt calculates
λiIndicate the observable a certain wave length calibration value of spectrometer；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
τ indicates optical time delay；
Aw1(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw1(λi)] indicate Aw1(λi) imaginary part；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to reflected light are as follows:
P2(λi) indicate reflected light signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
Aw2(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw2(λi)] indicate Aw2(λi) imaginary part.
5. high sensitivity optical time delay estimating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the data processing module
Acquire and store the spectral information of combined spectrum detecting module acquisition；
According to the spectral information that the combined spectrum detecting module obtains, defines and calculates following average wave long value:
Indicate the average wave long value being calculated by measurement data；
The estimated value of time delay is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
τ indicates optical time delay to be measured, the i.e. estimated value of time delay；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
δ λ indicates wavelength shift, by by average wave long valueSubtract the primary wave long value λ of input light0It obtains.
6. a kind of high sensitivity optical time delay estimation method characterized by comprising light source generates step, polarization state premodulated
Step, optical time delay perception step, combined spectrum detection steps and data processing step；
For the light source step for generating original optical signal, central wavelength is denoted as λ0；
The polarization premodulated step is used to making the polarization of original optical signal into premodulated, generates the first output light；
The optical time delay perception step is used to for optical time delay value to be measured to be loaded into the first output light, generates the second output light；
It selects step to be used to the second output light making Projective decomposition by specified polarization state after the polarization state, generates two-way output
Light, i.e. third output light and the 4th output light；
The combined spectrum detection steps are used to carry out third output light and the 4th output light simultaneously in spectrum detection, output spectrum letter
Number；
The spectral signal of the data processing step acquisition, storage output, and collected spectral signal is analyzed and located
Reason, obtains the estimated value of time delay.
7. high sensitivity optical time delay estimation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the polarization premodulated step
It is rapid:
So that light source is generated the original optical signal that step generates and passes through linear polarizer (1) and the first quarter-wave plate (2), generation
First output light, the linear polarizer direction are set as horizontal by the first default angle, the quarter-wave plate
Direction is set asAngle, the polarization state of first output light select state, mark table before being denoted as
It reaches are as follows:
Wherein,
Polarization state is selected before indicating；
| H >, | V > respectively indicate horizontal state of polarization, perpendicular polarisation state；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
e-iCεIndicate phase modulation value-C；
eiCεIndicate phase modulation value C；
The phase value C for needing to modulate is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
ω indicates the angular frequency of optical signal,
ω0Indicate the average value of optical signal angular frequency；
The optical time delay perceives step: so that the first output light is tired out-Babinet's compensator (3) by rope, generates the second output light；
The rope is tired-and the direction of Babinet's compensator is set as with linear polarizer in the second default angle, and it is defeated compared to first
Light out increases one section of propagation delay between the horizontal polarisation component of the second output light and vertical polarized component, which is remembered
Make τ.
8. high sensitivity optical time delay estimation method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that selected after the polarization state
Step: by the second output light by second quarter-wave plate (4) and polarization beam apparatus (5), generation two-way output light, i.e., the
Three output lights and the 4th output light；
Second quarter-wave plate direction is set as presetting angle, the polarization beam apparatus in third with linear polarizer
Polarization direction is set as with linear polarizer in the 4th default angle；
The combined spectrum detection steps: the two-way output light for selecting step to generate after the polarization state is passed through into fiber coupling respectively
Equipment enters the optical fiber for being connected to spectrometer, and then by spectrometer collection, obtains spectral information；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to transmitted light are as follows:
P1(λi) indicate optical signal transmissive spectrum Wavelength distribution；
P0(λi) indicate initial optical signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
λ0Mean wavelength is indicated, by formula ∑iP(λi)λiIt calculates
λiIndicate the observable a certain wave length calibration value of spectrometer；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
ε indicates a real number value much smaller than 1；
τ indicates optical time delay；
Aw1(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw1(λi)] indicate Aw1(λi) imaginary part；
Spatial distribution of the spectrometer collection to reflected light are as follows:
P2(λi) indicate reflected light signal spectrum Wavelength distribution；
Aw2(λi) indicate a complex values, it is calculated by following formula:
Im[Aw2(λi)] indicate Aw2(λi) imaginary part.
9. high sensitivity optical time delay estimation method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the data processing step
Acquire and store the spectral information of combined spectrum detection steps acquisition；
According to the spectral information that the combined spectrum detection steps obtain, defines and calculates following average wave long value:
Indicate the average wave long value being calculated by measurement data；
The estimated value of time delay is calculated by following formula:
Wherein,
τ indicates optical time delay to be measured, the i.e. estimated value of time delay；
C indicates the light velocity in vacuum；
δ λ indicates wavelength shift, by by average wave long valueSubtract the primary wave long value λ of input light0It obtains.
10. a kind of computer readable storage medium for being stored with computer program, which is characterized in that the computer program is located
Manage the step of highly sensitive optical time delay estimation method described in any one of claim 6 to 9 is realized when device executes.
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