CN110205516B - Lead-acid storage battery anode grid with ultralow water loss and lead-acid storage battery preparation method - Google Patents
Lead-acid storage battery anode grid with ultralow water loss and lead-acid storage battery preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
- C22C11/06—Alloys based on lead with tin as the next major constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
- H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/68—Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
- H01M4/685—Lead alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/73—Grids for lead-acid accumulators, e.g. frame plates
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-low water loss plate positive plate grid of a lead-acid storage battery and a preparation method of the lead-acid storage battery. Belongs to the technical field of storage batteries. The method mainly solves the problems of high water loss rate and valve-controlled lead-acid dry water failure of the conventional lead-acid storage battery. The lead-acid storage battery positive grid alloy mainly comprises Pb-Ca-Sn-Al, wherein 1.3-1.7% of tin, 0.004-0.01% of calcium and 0.01-0.02% of aluminum, the Pb-Ca-Sn-Al positive grid alloy in the proportion has higher gassing potential, the gas release rate is greatly inhibited and the influence of the element combination on the whole gassing of the battery is reduced by setting the sum range of the element combinations (zinc, bismuth, cadmium and silver) which inhibit the beneficial effects of the gassing in the positive grid alloy, and controlling the sum range of the element combinations (nickel and cobalt) which have the accelerated synergistic effects of the gassing. According to the invention, through the formula improvement of the alloy composition elements of the positive grid, the lead-acid storage battery prepared by adopting the grid alloy formula has the characteristics of ultralow water loss, high temperature resistance and good water loss resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lead-acid storage batteries, and particularly relates to a lead-acid storage battery anode grid alloy with ultralow water loss and a preparation method of a lead-acid storage battery containing an anode grid.
Background
Since the invention of lead-acid storage battery, it has become the storage battery with the largest output and the most extensive use in the world due to its features of low price, easily available raw material, reliable performance, easy recovery and suitable for large current discharge. However, with increasingly strict environmental requirements in the storage battery industry, the traditional rechargeable dry battery is replaced by a fully maintenance-free storage battery, and although the storage battery does not need water replenishing maintenance in the service life, a new industrial problem is brought at the same time, namely, the flooded lead-acid storage battery is designed in an exhaust type, the problem of evaporation loss of electrolyzed water and water is generated in the use process, the flooded lead-acid storage battery is particularly remarkable in the overcharge state or high-temperature environment condition of operation vehicles such as taxies, and the dry water becomes a main service life failure mode under the service condition.
Additionally, valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries do not require water maintenance, increasingly replacing traditional batteries in stationary applications, such as telecommunications and uninterruptible power systems; however, it has been found that the durability of VRLA batteries in such applications can be much shorter than the design life, typically only 20 years. The main failure modes of these batteries are: dry water and thermal runaway, selective discharge of the negative or positive plates, severe grid corrosion, and positive plate failure. While there are several possible causes for a given failure mode, it is clear that gassing effects have a strong impact on all failure modes, and therefore, it is clear that controlling the impact of gassing rate within a safe range is critical to improving VRLA battery life.
In summary, it is necessary to research processes and materials for reducing the water loss rate of a lead-acid battery, so as to meet the use requirements of specific conditions and high-temperature environments, and reduce the valve-controlled lead-acid dry water fault, thereby prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery and improving the overall performance level of the lead-acid battery industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-low water loss plate positive plate grid of a lead-acid storage battery and a preparation method of the lead-acid storage battery, which are used for solving the problems of high water loss rate and valve-controlled lead-acid dry water failure of the conventional lead-acid storage battery in the background technology, so that the service life of the lead-acid storage battery is prolonged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the lead-acid storage battery anode grid with ultralow water loss is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by weight: 1.3-1.7% of tin, 0.004-0.01% of calcium, 0.01-0.02% of aluminum, 0.02-0.04% of one or more of zinc, bismuth, cadmium and silver, 0.0003-0.001% of one or two of nickel and cobalt, 0-0.003% of one or more of selenium, tellurium, chromium, manganese and antimony, and the balance of lead.
In the scheme, the content of one or more of selenium, tellurium, chromium, manganese and antimony is 0.0003% -0.003%.
In the above scheme, the weight percentages of the elements are as follows: 1.31% of tin, 0.0042% of calcium, 0.011% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0004% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0003% of tellurium, 0.0003% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0005% of antimony and the balance of lead.
In the above scheme, the weight percentages of the elements are as follows: 1.32% of tin, 0.0043% of calcium, 0.012% of aluminum, 0.006% of zinc, 0.02% of bismuth, 0.0012% of cadmium, 0.007% of silver, 0.0004% of nickel, 0.0003% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0003% of tellurium, 0.0003% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0006% of antimony and the balance of lead.
In the above scheme, the weight percentages of the elements are as follows: 1.6% of tin, 0.007% of calcium, 0.015% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0004% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0004% of tellurium, 0.0004% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0005% of antimony and the balance of lead.
In the above scheme, the weight percentages of the elements are as follows: 1.33% of tin, 0.0042% of calcium, 0.012% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0006% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0003% of tellurium, 0.0003% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0005% of antimony and the balance of lead.
In the above scheme, the weight percentages of the elements are as follows: 1.32% of tin, 0.0044% of calcium, 0.012% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0005% of cobalt, 0.0005% of selenium, 0.0006% of tellurium, 0.0006% of chromium, 0.0004% of manganese, 0.0007% of antimony and the balance of lead.
In the above scheme, the weight percentages of the elements are as follows: 1.61% of tin, 0.0072% of calcium, 0.016% of aluminum, 0.006% of zinc, 0.0021% of bismuth, 0.0013% of cadmium, 0.0072% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0004% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0003% of tellurium, 0.0003% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0005% of antimony and the balance of lead.
The invention also provides the following technical scheme: a method for preparing a lead-acid storage battery containing an ultra-low water loss plate positive grid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) preparing positive and negative plate grid alloys: the lead-acid storage battery positive grid alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.3-1.7% of tin, 0.004-0.01% of calcium, 0.01-0.02% of aluminum, 0.02-0.04% of the total amount of zinc, bismuth, cadmium and silver, 0.0003-0.001% of the total amount of nickel and cobalt, 0-0.003% of the total amount of selenium, tellurium, chromium, manganese and antimony, and the balance of lead;
step 2) preparing positive and negative electrode lead pastes: preparing a positive and negative electrode lead paste formula according to a conventional positive and negative electrode lead paste formula;
step 3), pole plate coating and filling: adopting the conventional anode and cathode active material proportion and paste coating amount, and adopting a filling machine to perform lead paste filling;
step 4), pole group encapsulation: encapsulating the pole group by adopting a PE clapboard;
step 5), battery formation and acid addition: performing battery formation and acid addition by adopting a conventional battery formation charging process, and performing small cover heat sealing;
the term "conventional" means that the term "conventional" is commonly used, publicly known, or can be found in manuals, textbooks, and the like, and can be deleted.
In the scheme, the filling machine in the step 3) is a wheel type filling machine of a net pulling expansion device.
In the scheme, the negative grid alloy is prepared by adopting a conventional negative grid alloy formula.
The positive grid alloy mainly comprises Pb-Ca-Sn-Al, wherein 1.3-1.7% of tin, 0.004-0.01% of calcium and 0.01-0.02% of aluminum, and the Pb-Ca-Sn-Al positive alloy prepared according to the proportion has high gassing potential.
The total range of element combinations (zinc, bismuth, cadmium and silver) which have beneficial effects on gassing inhibition in the weight ratio of the positive grid alloy is set to be 0.02-0.04%, the integral corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the alloy are not affected in the range, and a large inhibition synergistic effect is achieved on the gas release rate.
The total range of the element combination (nickel and cobalt) which has synergistic effect of accelerating gas evolution in the weight ratio of the positive grid alloy is set to be 0.0003% -0.001%, and the influence of the element combination on the gas evolution of the whole battery is reduced.
The total range of the element combination (selenium, tellurium, chromium, manganese and antimony) in the weight ratio composition of the positive grid alloy is set to be 0.0003% -0.003%, and the influence of the grid alloy on the gassing action of the battery is small in the range.
According to the invention, through the formula improvement of the alloy composition elements of the positive grid, the lead-acid storage battery prepared by adopting the grid alloy formula has the characteristics of ultralow water loss, high temperature resistance and good water loss resistance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Step 1, preparing a grid alloy: preparing a positive grid alloy: the alloy comprises 1.31% of tin, 0.0042% of calcium, 0.011% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0004% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0003% of tellurium, 0.0003% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0005% of antimony and the balance of lead; the cathode alloy is prepared by adopting a conventional cathode alloy formula.
Step 2, preparing positive and negative electrode lead pastes: the anode and cathode lead plaster formula is prepared according to the conventional anode and cathode lead plaster formula.
Step 3, coating and filling the polar plate: and (3) carrying out lead paste coating and filling by adopting a conventional anode and cathode active material ratio and paste coating amount and adopting a mesh-pulling expansion equipment wheel type coating and filling machine.
Step 4, pole group encapsulation: the polar groups were encapsulated using a conventional PE separator.
Step 5, battery formation and acid addition: and (3) carrying out battery formation and acid addition by adopting a conventional battery formation charging process, and carrying out small cover heat sealing.
The performance of the battery prepared in example 1 (the number in table 1 is the scheme number 1) and a general battery of the same type were tested, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 2
Step 1, preparing a grid alloy: preparing a positive grid alloy: the alloy comprises 1.32% of tin, 0.0043% of calcium, 0.012% of aluminum, 0.006% of zinc, 0.02% of bismuth, 0.0012% of cadmium, 0.007% of silver, 0.0004% of nickel, 0.0003% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0003% of tellurium, 0.0003% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0006% of antimony and the balance of lead; the cathode alloy is prepared by adopting a conventional cathode alloy formula.
Step 2, preparing positive and negative electrode lead pastes: the anode and cathode lead plaster formula is prepared according to the conventional anode and cathode lead plaster formula.
Step 3, coating and filling the polar plate: and (3) carrying out lead paste coating and filling by adopting a conventional anode and cathode active material ratio and paste coating amount and adopting a mesh-pulling expansion equipment wheel type coating and filling machine.
Step 4, pole group encapsulation: the polar groups were encapsulated using a conventional PE separator.
Step 5, battery formation and acid addition: and (3) carrying out battery formation and acid addition by adopting a conventional battery formation charging process, and carrying out small cover heat sealing.
The performance of the battery prepared in example 1 (the number in table 1 is the scheme number 2) and a general battery of the same type were tested, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 3
Step 1, preparing a grid alloy: preparing a positive grid alloy: the alloy comprises 1.6% of tin, 0.007% of calcium, 0.015% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0004% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0004% of tellurium, 0.0004% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0005% of antimony and the balance of lead; the cathode alloy is prepared by adopting a conventional cathode alloy formula.
Step 2, preparing positive and negative electrode lead pastes: the anode and cathode lead plaster formula is prepared according to the conventional anode and cathode lead plaster formula.
Step 3, coating and filling the polar plate: and (3) carrying out lead paste coating and filling by adopting a conventional anode and cathode active material ratio and paste coating amount and adopting a mesh-pulling expansion equipment wheel type coating and filling machine.
Step 4, pole group encapsulation: the polar groups were encapsulated using a conventional PE separator.
Step 5, battery formation and acid addition: and (3) carrying out battery formation and acid addition by adopting a conventional battery formation charging process, and carrying out small cover heat sealing.
The performance of the battery prepared in example 1 (the number in table 1 is the scheme number 3) and a general battery of the same type were tested, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 4
Step 1, preparing a grid alloy: preparing a positive grid alloy: the alloy comprises 1.33% of tin, 0.0042% of calcium, 0.012% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0006% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0003% of tellurium, 0.0003% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0005% of antimony and the balance of lead; the cathode alloy is prepared by adopting a conventional cathode alloy formula.
Step 2, preparing positive and negative electrode lead pastes: the anode and cathode lead plaster formula is prepared according to the conventional anode and cathode lead plaster formula.
Step 3, coating and filling the polar plate: and (3) carrying out lead paste coating and filling by adopting a conventional anode and cathode active material ratio and paste coating amount and adopting a mesh-pulling expansion equipment wheel type coating and filling machine.
Step 4, pole group encapsulation: the polar groups were encapsulated using a conventional PE separator.
Step 5, battery formation and acid addition: and (3) carrying out battery formation and acid addition by adopting a conventional battery formation charging process, and carrying out small cover heat sealing.
The performance of the battery prepared in example 1 (the number in table 1 is scheme number 4) and a general battery of the same type were tested, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 5
Step 1, preparing a grid alloy: preparing a positive grid alloy: the alloy comprises 1.32% of tin, 0.0044% of calcium, 0.012% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0005% of cobalt, 0.0005% of selenium, 0.0006% of tellurium, 0.0006% of chromium, 0.0004% of manganese, 0.0007% of antimony and the balance of lead; the cathode alloy is prepared by adopting a conventional cathode alloy formula.
Step 2, preparing positive and negative electrode lead pastes: the anode and cathode lead plaster formula is prepared according to the conventional anode and cathode lead plaster formula.
Step 3, coating and filling the polar plate: and (3) carrying out lead paste coating and filling by adopting a conventional anode and cathode active material ratio and paste coating amount and adopting a mesh-pulling expansion equipment wheel type coating and filling machine.
Step 4, pole group encapsulation: the polar groups were encapsulated using a conventional PE separator.
Step 5, battery formation and acid addition: and (3) carrying out battery formation and acid addition by adopting a conventional battery formation charging process, and carrying out small cover heat sealing.
The performance of the battery prepared in example 1 (the number in table 1 is scheme number 5) and a general battery of the same type were tested, and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 6
Step 1, preparing a grid alloy: preparing a positive grid alloy: the alloy comprises 1.61% of tin, 0.0072% of calcium, 0.016% of aluminum, 0.006% of zinc, 0.0021% of bismuth, 0.0013% of cadmium, 0.0072% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0004% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0003% of tellurium, 0.0003% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0005% of antimony and the balance of lead; the cathode alloy is prepared by adopting a conventional cathode alloy formula.
Step 2, preparing positive and negative electrode lead pastes: the anode and cathode lead plaster formula is prepared according to a conventional anode and cathode lead plaster formula, namely a common or manual.
Step 3, coating and filling the polar plate: and (3) carrying out lead paste coating and filling by adopting a conventional anode and cathode active material ratio and paste coating amount and adopting a mesh-pulling expansion equipment wheel type coating and filling machine.
Step 4, pole group encapsulation: the polar groups were encapsulated using a conventional PE separator.
Step 5, battery formation and acid addition: and (3) carrying out battery formation and acid addition by adopting a conventional battery formation charging process, and carrying out small cover heat sealing.
In examples 1 to 6, "conventional" means that the term "conventional" is commonly used, publicly known, or can be found in a manual, textbook, or the like, and can be deleted.
The performance of the battery prepared in example 1 (numbered as scheme number 6 in table 1) and a general battery of the same type were tested, and the test results are shown in table 1.
The performance of the batteries prepared in examples 1 to 6 and the conventional batteries of the same type were tested, and the test results are shown in table 1.
The method for testing the water loss of the lead-acid storage battery comprises the following steps:
within the latest week after the end of charging, the dried batteries were weighed (to the nearest + -1 g) and the internal resistance and the response of the battery tester were measured.
The secondary battery was placed at a temperature of (60. + -. 3 ℃ C.) and charged at a constant voltage (14.4. + -. 0.05) V for 21 days. The weight of the externally dried battery (before weighing, the battery was wiped dry), internal resistance and cell tester response were then measured again. Followed by recharging at a constant voltage (14.4. + -. 0.05) V at a temperature of (60. + -. 3). degree.C.for 21 days. The wiped cells were reweighed and the internal resistance and cell tester response measured. The weight loss and internal resistance must be recorded.
Maximum allowable weight loss value with respect to rated capacity:
after 42 days, the weight loss (60 ℃) is less than or equal to 3 g/Ah;
after 84 days, the weight loss (60 ℃) is less than or equal to 6 g/Ah.
TABLE 1 Performance test results of the prepared lead-acid batteries
The lower the water loss of the constant-pressure overcharge in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 42 days/84 days is, the better the high-temperature and water loss resistance of the storage battery is. As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the lead-acid batteries prepared in examples 1 to 6 exhibited lower water loss at constant voltage of 42 days and 84 days than the conventional batteries, indicating that the control range of the grid alloy elements according to the present invention provides a higher improvement in the water loss performance level of the batteries.
From the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the element combination (zinc, bismuth, cadmium and silver) in the positive grid alloy can effectively inhibit the gas precipitation rate and reduce the water loss in a certain range; from the examples 1 and 4, it can be seen that the element combination (nickel and cobalt) in the positive grid alloy has a harmful synergistic effect on battery gassing, and the higher the content sum is, the faster the water loss rate of the battery is; from example 1 and example 5, it can be seen that the element combination (selenium, tellurium, chromium, manganese, and antimony) in the positive grid alloy has a harmful synergistic effect on battery gassing, and the higher the total content of the elements is, the more obvious the synergistic effect on gas evolution is, and the faster the water loss rate of the battery is.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The lead-acid storage battery anode grid with ultralow water loss is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by weight: 1.3 to 1.7 percent of tin, 0.004 to 0.01 percent of calcium, 0.01 to 0.02 percent of aluminum, one or more of zinc, bismuth, cadmium and silver, 0.02 to 0.04 percent of the total content of the tin, the cadmium and the silver, one or two of nickel and cobalt, 0.0003 to 0.001 percent of the total content of the nickel and cobalt, one or more of selenium, tellurium, chromium, manganese and antimony, 0.0003 to 0.003 percent of the total content of the selenium, tellurium, chromium, manganese and antimony, and the balance of lead.
2. The positive grid of the lead-acid storage battery ultra-low water loss plate according to claim 1, wherein the positive grid comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 1.31% of tin, 0.0042% of calcium, 0.011% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0004% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0003% of tellurium, 0.0003% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0005% of antimony and the balance of lead.
3. The positive grid of the lead-acid storage battery ultra-low water loss plate according to claim 1, wherein the positive grid comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 1.32% of tin, 0.0043% of calcium, 0.012% of aluminum, 0.006% of zinc, 0.02% of bismuth, 0.0012% of cadmium, 0.007% of silver, 0.0004% of nickel, 0.0003% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0003% of tellurium, 0.0003% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0006% of antimony and the balance of lead.
4. The positive grid of the lead-acid storage battery ultra-low water loss plate according to claim 1, wherein the positive grid comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 1.6% of tin, 0.007% of calcium, 0.015% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0004% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0004% of tellurium, 0.0004% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0005% of antimony and the balance of lead.
5. The positive grid of the lead-acid storage battery ultra-low water loss plate according to claim 1, wherein the positive grid comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 1.33% of tin, 0.0042% of calcium, 0.012% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0006% of cobalt, 0.0003% of selenium, 0.0003% of tellurium, 0.0003% of chromium, 0.0003% of manganese, 0.0005% of antimony and the balance of lead.
6. The positive grid of the lead-acid storage battery ultra-low water loss plate according to claim 1, wherein the positive grid comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 1.32% of tin, 0.0044% of calcium, 0.012% of aluminum, 0.005% of zinc, 0.01% of bismuth, 0.001% of cadmium, 0.004% of silver, 0.0003% of nickel, 0.0005% of cobalt, 0.0005% of selenium, 0.0006% of tellurium, 0.0006% of chromium, 0.0004% of manganese, 0.0007% of antimony and the balance of lead.
7. A method of making a lead-acid battery comprising the ultra-low water loss plate positive grid of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1) preparing positive and negative plate grid alloys: the lead-acid storage battery positive grid alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.3-1.7% of tin, 0.004-0.01% of calcium, 0.01-0.02% of aluminum, one or more of zinc, bismuth, cadmium and silver, 0.02-0.04% of the total content of the tin, the nickel and the cobalt, 0.0003-0.001% of the total content of the nickel and the cobalt, 0.0003-0.003% of the total content of the selenium, tellurium, chromium, manganese and antimony, 0.0003-0.003% of the total content of the manganese and the balance of lead;
step 2) preparing positive and negative electrode lead pastes: preparing a positive and negative electrode lead paste formula according to a conventional positive and negative electrode lead paste formula;
step 3), pole plate coating and filling: adopting the conventional anode and cathode active material proportion and paste coating amount, and adopting a filling machine to perform lead paste filling;
step 4), pole group encapsulation: encapsulating the pole group by adopting a PE clapboard;
step 5), battery formation and acid addition: and (3) carrying out battery formation and acid addition by adopting a conventional battery formation charging process, and carrying out small cover heat sealing.
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