CN110204836A - 一种用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料 - Google Patents
一种用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及防水材料技术领域,名称是一种用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料,其主要技术方案:包括由闭孔橡胶泡沫板构成的基材和涂覆于该基材侧面的用于与混凝土面结合的自粘胶层;其中,闭孔橡胶泡沫板包括有三元乙丙橡胶、炭黑、AC发泡剂、促进剂DM、硫化剂以及辅助发泡剂。施工时涂覆于闭孔橡胶泡沫板侧面的自粘胶层即可实现与新旧混凝土的结合,并且自粘胶条与混凝土粘贴牢靠、密封防水效果好,保证了新旧混凝土结合面即施工缝抗渗性、稳定性和结合力,并且还具有工序简单,施工方便、快捷的特点。能够应用各种新旧混凝土连接部位,具有极大的推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于交通工程技术领域,具体的将涉及一种使用于变形缝、施工缝及伸缩缝等隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料。
背景技术
在地铁、地下空间等地下结构中,原有旧混凝土结构与新浇筑的混凝土存在不可避免的结合面即施工缝、隧道衬砌结构的施工缝、变形缝,这些缝隙则是防水设计的重点部位,应做到不漏、不渗、无湿渍。由于旧混凝土的收缩已完成,而新混凝土的收缩刚刚开始,新旧混凝土的收缩必定在结合面造成剪切或拉伸形成裂缝,这样不仅使新旧混凝土不能共同工作,而且使得新旧浇筑的混凝土间产生渗水、漏水等问题,严重影响隧道结构的耐久与使用性能。目前铁路隧道二次衬砌施工缝防水设计,一般在结构迎水面设置300mm宽背贴式止水带3,与防水板5不透水连接,中间设置中埋式止水带4(见图1);二次衬砌变形缝防水设计,一般在结构迎水面设置300mm宽背贴式止水带3,与防水板不透水连接;在结构背水面缝的端头设置20mm的镀锌钢板接水盒8,然后再设置15-20mm深的双组份聚硫橡胶密封膏9嵌缝,背水侧均用填缝材料7填塞(见图1)。基面常用的处理方式为将旧混凝土接合面凿毛,以增大接触面的摩擦力、结合度,设置中埋式止水带、外贴式止水带提高结合面的防水性和抗渗性,由于聚硫密封胶受施工条件的影响,例如水泥基面潮湿或表面清理不到位以及老化等原因,造成聚硫密封胶的脱落。一方面失去防水效果,另方面脱落物与高速运行的火车撞击产生严重交通事故,特别是中埋式止水带,定位难度大,易偏移,引起接缝处开裂、掉块工程质量难以保障。
本发明的目的就是提供一种用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料,包括由闭孔橡胶泡沫板构成的基材和涂覆于该基材侧面的用于与混凝土面结合的自粘胶层;其中,所述的闭孔橡胶泡沫板包括有100重量份的三元乙丙橡胶、10—18重量份的炭黑、0.3—0.6重量份的AC发泡剂、0.3—0.5重量份的促进剂DM 、0.3—0.6重量份的硫化剂以及3.0—4.5重量份的辅助发泡剂。
在构成上述一种用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料中,
——在所述自粘胶层的表面覆有隔离薄膜;
——所述的自粘胶层包括有100重量份的丁基橡胶,8—18重量份的增稠填料以及10—20重量份的增粘剂,180—220重量份的溶剂油,10—15重量份的聚异丁基烯;
——所述自粘胶层中还包括有5—10重量份的偶联剂。
上述用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料的制备工艺,包括
第一步,闭孔橡胶泡沫板的制备:将塑炼后的三元乙丙橡胶、炭黑、硬脂酸、氧化锌、碱式碳酸锌、促进剂DM加入密炼机进行密炼,当温度达到160℃时加入硫磺、过氧化二异丙苯以及AC发泡剂,继续密炼5—10分钟后出料;将以上混炼胶在第一开炼机打包4-6次,引入第二开炼机下片冷却,裁剪后待用;将裁好的胶片称量后加入已加热到180-190℃的模具中进行发泡30-40分钟,然后开模,泡沫板冷却后进行机加工制作成要求尺寸的闭孔橡胶泡沫板;
第二步,自粘胶的制备:首先将丁基橡胶塑炼,然后与碳酸钙或高岭土、重晶石构成的增稠填料、松香、酚醛树脂或萜烯树脂形成的增粘剂或者偶联剂混炼、切片,将以上切片与溶剂油加入反应釜中,加热升温,温度保持在170-180℃,搅拌状态下溶解,溶解后再加入聚异丁基烯,溶解搅拌均匀即可。
第三步,在150-180℃温度下将以上自粘胶均匀涂敷在所制备成的闭孔橡胶泡沫板的一面,控制厚度在0.6-10mm,然后表面附上隔离膜,按以上工艺将上述闭孔橡胶泡沫板另一面进行涂敷,即形成双面自粘的橡胶闭孔泡沫板。
本发明所提供的一种用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
第一,该发明所提供的防水材料是由以三元乙丙橡胶为主料,经过密炼、发泡形成的具有较高伸缩性的闭孔橡胶泡沫板,再在其两侧面涂覆能够与混凝土间形成较大剥离强度的自粘粘合胶层,保证了防水接缝材料的密封粘合性能,有效保证即便是混凝土结构发生变化,其仍旧能起到很好的防水效果的特点;
第二,由于该发明防水材料是以丁基橡胶为主要成分形成的自粘层,其具有较好的气密性、水密性和良好的化学稳定性和热稳定性,而且无毒、无气味,在使用过程中,能与水泥中的分子形成交连网络,使卷材与混凝土粘为一体,长期浸水粘结性能不便,达到了有效控制隧道变形缝、施工缝及伸缩缝的窜水现象;
第三,本发明所述的材料,在隧道与地下工程新、老混凝土结合面,采用双面自粘防水材料,处理方法工序简单,粘贴牢靠、密封防水效果好,保证了新老混凝土结合面即施工缝抗渗性、稳定性和结合力,弹性大、不易开裂,耐水性和抗老化性高,工艺可控,质量易保障,能够应用各种新旧混凝土连接部位。
附图说明
图1为现有技术施工缝(或变形缝)的结构示意图;
图2为本发明提供的双面自粘的橡胶闭孔泡沫板的结构示意图;
图3为使用了图1自粘防水材料的隧道变形缝(或施工缝及伸缩缝)的剖面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明所提供的具有双面自粘胶的闭孔橡胶泡沫板的结构以及使用了该闭孔橡胶泡沫板的隧道变形缝、施工缝及伸缩缝的结构原理作进一步的说明。
实施例1
第一步,闭孔橡胶泡沫板的制备:
将塑炼后的100重量份的三元乙丙橡胶、15重量份的炭黑、由1.5重量份的硬脂酸、1.0重量份的氧化锌和1.1重量份的碱式碳酸锌构成的辅助发泡剂、0.4重量份的促进剂DM加入密炼机进行密炼,当温度达到160℃时加入0.4重量份的硫磺、1.2重量份的过氧化二异丙苯以及0.5重量份的AC发泡剂,继续密炼5分钟后出料;将以上混炼胶在第一开炼机打包4-6次,引入第二开炼机下片冷却,裁剪后待用;将裁好的胶片称量后加入已加热到180-190℃的模具中发泡30-40分钟,然后开模,制成的泡沫板冷却后进行机加工制作成长宽、尤其是厚度要求尺寸的泡沫胶板;
第二步,自粘胶的制备:首先将100重量份丁基橡胶塑炼,然后与8重量份的碳酸钙构成的增稠填料、10重量份的松香构成的增粘材料混炼、切片,将以上切片与200重量份的石蜡油加入反应釜中,加热升温,温度保持在170-180℃,搅拌状态下溶解,溶解后再加入10重量份聚异丁基烯,溶解搅拌均匀得自粘胶。
第三步,如图2所示,在150-180℃温度下将以上自粘胶均匀涂敷在所制备成的闭孔橡胶泡沫板11的一侧面形成自粘胶层12,控制厚度在0.6-10mm,然后表面附上隔离膜13;按以上工艺将上述闭孔橡胶泡沫板另一侧面进行自粘胶涂敷,形成自粘胶层14,再在其表面附上隔离膜13,即形成能够适用于隧道变形缝、施工缝及伸缩缝的双面自粘的橡胶闭孔泡沫板。其中,构成双面自粘的橡胶闭孔泡沫板的闭孔橡胶泡沫板11可以根据需要以及制备条件控制其厚度,以便于使用于不同宽度的隧道变形缝、施工缝及伸缩缝。
实施例2—6中的
——制备闭孔橡胶泡沫所使用的各组分的重量份还可以是:
三元乙丙橡胶100、炭黑14、由硬脂酸1.8、氧化锌1.0和碱式碳酸锌1.0构成的辅助发泡剂、促进剂DM 0.5以及硫磺0.5、过氧化二异丙苯1.4、AC发泡剂0.5;
三元乙丙橡胶100、炭黑18、由硬脂酸1.5、氧化锌0.8和碱式碳酸锌1.2构成的辅助发泡剂、促进剂DM 0.3以及硫磺0.6、过氧化二异丙苯1.5、AC发泡剂0.6;
三元乙丙橡胶100、炭黑12、由硬脂酸1.8、氧化锌0.9和碱式碳酸锌0.8构成的辅助发泡剂、促进剂DM 0.4以及硫磺0.5、过氧化二异丙苯1.0、AC发泡剂0.3;
三元乙丙橡胶100、炭黑16、由硬脂酸1.6、氧化锌0.8和碱式碳酸锌0.9构成的辅助发泡剂、促进剂DM 0.5以及硫磺0.3、过氧化二异丙苯0.9、AC发泡剂0.4;或
三元乙丙橡胶100、炭黑10、由硬脂酸1.5、氧化锌1.1和碱式碳酸锌0.8构成的辅助发泡剂、促进剂DM 0.3以及硫磺0.4、过氧化二异丙苯0.8、AC发泡剂0.5;
其中,密炼工序中所使用的过氧化二异丙苯作为促进剂使用,便于胶片的硫化。
——制备自粘胶所使用的各组分的重量份还可以是:
丁基橡胶100,重晶石构成的增稠填料15、酚醛树脂构成的增粘材料16、作为溶剂油的石蜡油180、聚异丁基烯14;
丁基橡胶100,高岭土构成的增稠填料18、松香构成的增粘材料18、作为溶剂油的200号(粘度)机油220、聚异丁基烯15;
丁基橡胶100,碳酸钙构成的增稠填料16、酚醛树脂构成的增粘材料15、作为溶剂油的石蜡油190、聚异丁基烯10、偶联剂9;
丁基橡胶100,高岭土构成的增稠填料10、萜烯树脂构成的增粘材料12、作为溶剂油的200号(粘度)机油210、聚异丁基烯12、偶联剂7;或
丁基橡胶100,碳酸钙构成的增稠填料12、酚醛树脂构成的增粘材料8、作为溶剂油的石蜡油200、聚异丁基烯10、偶联剂6;
在上述自粘胶的制备中,增稠填料可以在碳酸钙、高岭土以及重晶石中选择;用于增强所制备的该粘合剂与橡胶闭孔泡沫板粘合强度的增粘材料,也可以在松香、酚醛树脂以及萜烯树脂中选择;另外,在该粘合剂中添加偶联剂的目的是,使得所制备的粘合剂用于与新的现浇水泥层的水泥砂浆进一步交联反应,而进一步提高其粘合性能,即涂覆含有偶联剂的自粘胶的闭孔橡胶泡沫的一面用于与新水泥面的贴合;自粘胶的组分聚异丁基烯可以进一步提高与水泥面的粘合性能。
上述实施例
——所制备出的橡胶闭孔泡沫板的性能参数为:
密度为80—90kg/m3、吸水率≤2%、抗拉强度≥0.15MPa、延伸率≥100%、25%压缩永久变形≤2%;
——自粘胶的性能参数为
在无处理、热老化和浸水后,与后浇混凝土剥离强度为0.2N/mm,
在无处理、热老化和浸水后,防窜水性(0.6MPa)为不窜水,
持粘性≥15min。
如图3为使用了图2所示的双面自粘的橡胶闭孔泡沫板构成的自粘防水材料的施工缝、伸缩缝及隧道变形缝的剖面结构示意图。即在构成施工缝、伸缩缝及隧道变形缝结构的迎水面设置300mm宽背贴式止水带3,与防水板不透水连接,中间设置中埋式止水带4,施工缝、伸缩缝及变形缝采用图3所示的去除了隔离膜13的双面自粘的橡胶闭孔泡沫板15。由于构成橡胶闭孔泡沫板15的双面自粘胶层能够与形成变形缝或施工缝及伸缩缝的两侧的混凝土面1、2形成牢固的粘合结构,同时构成橡胶闭孔泡沫板15的闭孔泡沫板具有良好的形变性能,因此即便是先浇筑旧混凝土衬砌结构1与后浇筑新混凝土衬砌结构2间由于地质的变化发生错位,而通过双面粘合胶层与先浇筑旧混凝土衬砌结构1与后浇筑新混凝土衬砌结构2粘合在一起的橡胶闭孔泡沫板15,也不会发生脱落,并且具有极好的形变性能,并保证了其防水性能。
在隧道结构新旧混凝土结合面,采用双面自粘橡胶防水材料接缝,自粘胶条与混凝土粘贴牢靠、密封防水效果好,保证了新旧混凝土结合面即施工缝抗渗性、稳定性和结合力,工序简单,工艺可控,施工方便、快捷,质量易保障,能够应用各种新旧混凝土连接部位,具有极大的推广价值。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料,其特征在于:包括由闭孔橡胶泡沫板构成的基材和涂覆于该基材侧面的用于与混凝土面结合的自粘胶层;其中,所述的闭孔橡胶泡沫板包括有100重量份的三元乙丙橡胶、10—18重量份的炭黑、0.3—0.6重量份的AC发泡剂、0.3—0.5重量份的促进剂DM 、0.3—0.6重量份的硫化剂以及3.0—4.5重量份的辅助发泡剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料,其特征在于:在所述自粘胶层的表面覆有隔离薄膜。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料,其特征在于:所述的自粘胶层包括有100重量份的丁基橡胶,8—18重量份的增稠填料以及10—20重量份的增粘剂,180—220重量份的溶剂油,10—15重量份的聚异丁基烯。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料,其特征在于:所述自粘胶层中还包括有5—10重量份的偶联剂。
5.上述用于隧道混凝土结构缝的防水接缝材料的制备工艺,包括
第一步,闭孔橡胶泡沫板的制备:将塑炼后的三元乙丙橡胶、炭黑、硬脂酸、氧化锌、碱式碳酸锌、促进剂DM加入密炼机进行密炼,当温度达到160℃时加入硫磺、过氧化二异丙苯以及AC发泡剂,继续密炼5—10分钟后出料;将以上混炼胶在第一开炼机打包4-6次,引入第二开炼机下片冷却,裁剪后待用;将裁好的胶片称量后加入已加热到180-190℃的模具中进行发泡30-40分钟,然后开模,泡沫板冷却后进行机加工制作成要求尺寸的闭孔橡胶泡沫板;
第二步,自粘胶的制备:首先将丁基橡胶塑炼,然后与碳酸钙或高岭土、重晶石构成的增稠填料、松香、酚醛树脂或萜烯树脂形成的增粘剂或者偶联剂混炼、切片,将以上切片与溶剂油加入反应釜中,加热升温,温度保持在170-180℃,搅拌状态下溶解,溶解后再加入聚异丁基烯,溶解搅拌均匀即可。
6.第三步,在150-180℃温度下将以上自粘胶均匀涂敷在所制备成的闭孔橡胶泡沫板的一面,控制厚度在0.6-10mm,然后表面附上隔离膜,按以上工艺将上述闭孔橡胶泡沫板另一面进行涂敷,即形成双面自粘的橡胶闭孔泡沫板。
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CN115182387A (zh) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-10-14 | 武汉三源特种建材有限责任公司 | 一种新老混凝土界面防水结构及施工方法 |
CN115182387B (zh) * | 2022-06-13 | 2024-04-09 | 武汉三源特种建材有限责任公司 | 一种新老混凝土界面防水结构及施工方法 |
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