CN110198590A - Magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method - Google Patents

Magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110198590A
CN110198590A CN201910559102.XA CN201910559102A CN110198590A CN 110198590 A CN110198590 A CN 110198590A CN 201910559102 A CN201910559102 A CN 201910559102A CN 110198590 A CN110198590 A CN 110198590A
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barrel
gas
sheaths
plasma sheaths
temperature
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CN110198590B (en
Inventor
毛保全
白向华
李程
杨雨迎
宋瑞亮
王之千
朱锐
张天意
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Academy of Armored Forces of PLA
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Academy of Armored Forces of PLA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/0006—Investigating plasma, e.g. measuring the degree of ionisation or the electron temperature
    • H05H1/0081—Investigating plasma, e.g. measuring the degree of ionisation or the electron temperature by electric means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/0006—Investigating plasma, e.g. measuring the degree of ionisation or the electron temperature
    • H05H1/0087—Investigating plasma, e.g. measuring the degree of ionisation or the electron temperature by magnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/02—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma
    • H05H1/10—Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields; Arrangements for heating plasma using externally-applied magnetic fields only, e.g. Q-machines, Yin-Yang, base-ball
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research methods, belong to magnetically confined plasma sheaths field, comprising the following steps: S1: generating plasma, temperature is up to 3000~4000k；S2: the load of solenoid current；S3: generating induction field, and externally-applied magnetic field generates excitation electrical field, and electric field can make in high-temperature fuel gas the acceleration effect of particle initial to electronically form avalanche ionization effect；S4: magnetically confined plasma sheaths are formed；S5: the thermal insulation of magnetically confined plasma sheaths；S6: magnetically confined plasma sheaths inhibition dynamics heat flow density.The magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method, the movement for applying charged particle after parallel magnetic field will become circumnutation around the magnetic line of force, reduce the heat flow density that plasma crosses magnetic field transmitting, due to the heat flow density decline of combustion gas transmitting, the temperature rise of inner wall also declines therewith, to improve the ability of barrel heat resistanceheat resistant ablation, improve service life.

Description

Magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method
Technical field
The present invention relates to magnetically confined plasma sheaths fields, specially magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method.
Background technique
Plasma be by under high temperature or specific incentives part of atoms or molecule be excited the negative ions group of generation At ionized gas shape substance, be to remove solid-state, liquid, outside gaseous state, the 4th kind of state existing for substance, in Canon launching When, powder gases can occur ionization and form plasma, and project team applies one in conventional gun barrel outer wall and is parallel to barrel Axial magnetic field, so that the electronics, charged ion in plasma are constrained on barrel inner wall, to form a non-electroneutral Region, this region are exactly magnetically confined plasma sheaths, and the formation of magnetically confined plasma sheaths depends on plasma Generate the instantaneous action with magnetic field.
When barrel emits, in thermal expansion process, gas is greater than along the directed flow speed of barrel for internal combustion gas The velocity of sound, Mach number are about M=1.2, are more than the velocity of sound, combustion gas is in thermal expansion process, since the generation of shock wave is so that part gas The thermal energy that body expansion kinetic energy is heated at gas causes the energy of combustion gas so that the combustion gas density at shock wave section increases, temperature increases It measures and is transmitted to barrel wall, the characteristics of this shock wave is due to its high density, high temperature, more heat to barrel were transmitted in front in the pipe wall Amount and higher high pressure, easily cause tube wall middle front part ablation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research methods, to solve in above-mentioned background technique The problem of proposition.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method, packet Include following steps:
S1: generating plasma, its inner radial gun pressure is up to 400MPa when barrel emits, and temperature is up to 3000~ 4000k；
S2: the load of solenoid current；
S3: generating induction field, and externally-applied magnetic field generates excitation electrical field, and electric field can make high-temperature fuel gas to the acceleration effect of particle In initial electronically form avalanche ionization effect；
S4: magnetically confined plasma sheaths are formed；
S5: the thermal insulation of magnetically confined plasma sheaths；
S6: magnetically confined plasma sheaths inhibition dynamics heat flow density.
Preferably, in S1, barrel is resistant to its half in face of its crushing resistance of the barrel wall material of high temperature and high pressure gas Gun pressure 200MPa, 200MPa gun pressure in addition are distributed on barrel cladding material by material magnetic field.
Preferably, in S2, the load of electromagnetic coil is allowed on electromagnetic coil using the power-up mode of precipitous pulse front edge Electric current forms precipitous rising front, is raised to 1000A from above freezing in the time of 10ns, cause coil generate magnetic field from zero 0.2T is risen in the time of 10ns.
Preferably, in S3, electromagnetic coil passes through the acceleration of the angular electric field of induction of 10ns, so that body combustion inner pipe gas There is 2% ionization, the plasma electron density for ionizing generation is about the 2% of barrel combustion gas density, and electronics mean temperature is about For 10eV, radius of gyration of the electronics in average magnetic field 0.1T is about 17 μ s, and the radius of gyration of ion is about 2mm.
Preferably, in S4, fast-changing magnetic field generates angular induced electricity to plasma sheath in barrel at any time , angular induction field accelerates initiating electron to reach the kinetic energy of 20eV and generates avalanche ionization with neutral combustion gas molecular collision.
Preferably, in S5, in the case where the heating conduction of barrel material is constant, it is launched barrel propellant combustion gas High temperature and pressure performance is constant, due to the application of magnetically confined plasma sheaths, so that the hot-fluid that combustion gas is transmitted to barrel inner wall is close Degree reduces by 33%, and the temperature of barrel inner wall gun steel about reduces about 30%.
Preferably, in S6, in barrel in the combustion process of propellant powder, fuel discharges largely in rapid combustion process Heat simultaneously passes through oxygenolysis into small molecule along with some macromoleculars, so that combustion gas molecular thermometer increases, the number density of molecule increases Add to form blast process, combustion gas molecule rapid expansion at demolition point, pushes outer layer gas to move out along barrel axis, external gas Body by demolition point gas promotion and there is compression phenomena.
Preferably, in combustion, the dynamic pressure kinetic energy of high-temperature fuel gas will be partially converted into peripheral cryogenic gas to fuel Thermal energy, the energy that this part is converted to peripheral gas thermal energy reduces the emission effciency for being launched object emission medicine, also It is the chemical energy contained by propellant powder, is converted to the kinetic energy ratio that transmitting is launched object.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is on the basis of conventional fluid mechanics, by long-range navigation Hereby power and Joule heat are added separately in momentum and energy conservation equation, construct the pyromagnetic coupled mode of magnetically confined plasma jet stream Type, result of study show: the movement for applying charged particle after parallel magnetic field will become circumnutation around the magnetic line of force, reduce Gas ions cross the heat flow density of magnetic field transmitting, and due to the heat flow density decline of combustion gas transmitting, the temperature rise of inner wall is also under Drop, to improve the ability of barrel heat resistanceheat resistant ablation, improves service life.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is overall flow figure of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, it is clear that described implementation Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects It encloses.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution: magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method, including with Lower step:
S1: generating plasma, its inner radial gun pressure is up to 400MPa when transmitting, and temperature is up to 3000~4000k, high Warm high pressure gas is more serious to the deformation of pipeline material abrasion, by the application of high tenacity Ultralight active thermally protective materials, In face of the barrel wall material of high temperature and high pressure gas, its crushing resistance does not need total gun pressure of resistance 400MPa, and is resistant to one half Gun pressure 200MPa, 200MPa gun pressure in addition is distributed on barrel cladding material by material magnetic field, to be greatly reduced The damage of barrel, while the mechanical property requirements of barrel wall material are reduced；
Assuming that being launched object in transmitting, the pressure in barrel reaches 400MPa, and barrel internal diameter is about 120mm, cuts Area is about are as follows:
S=0.25 π D2=0.25 × 3.14 × (0.12)2=1.13 × 10-2(m2)
Emit the gross thrust of gas:
F=PS=400 × 106×1.13×10-2=4.522 × 106(N)
The weight for being launched object is about 10kg, and propellant powder is to being launched the acceleration of object about are as follows:
The length of barrel is about 5m, is launched object from the acceleration time in barrel about are as follows:
It is launched object muzzle velocity about are as follows:
Vt=at=4.52 × 105×4.7×10-3=2124 (ms-1)
And being actually launched object to go out thorax initial velocity is about 1800ms-1, this is because transmitting gas body combustion inner pipe, Gas expansion causes stress decrease, the thrust of combustion gas be not it is constant, be launched between object and barrel there are resistance, cause to export Ideal velocity is not achieved in speed, it is assumed that propellant powder full combustion in shell case forms high temperature, high pressure gas, with being launched object Body warhead is moved out along barrel, and the density of gas is gradually reduced, and pressure gradually weakens, and in 400MPa, 4000k high temperature is high It depresses, the gas density in barrel is about are as follows:
Part high energy particle in thermal balance distribution mutually collides, and extremely least a portion of gas molecule is made to generate ionization, electricity The temperature of son is about 1eV, and the temperature of ion is since its collision cross-section is larger, and ion, intermolecular energy exchange efficiency are high and locate The fuel factor of barrel can almost be ignored not in the plasma of neutral particle temperature, 4000K, 0.4eV, this partial ionization Meter, the heat flow density that the high temperature and high pressure gas that gun propellant combustion generates is transmitted to barrel wall (transmit on unit area by the unit time Heat):
Wherein no、ToIt is the density and temperature of gun propellant combustion gas in barrel, P is the gross pressure in tube wall, and k is glass ear Hereby graceful constant, maIt is the weighted average quality of combustion gas molecule, it is assumed that
ma=20 × 1.67 × 10-27=3.34 × 10-26(kg)
The velocity of sound in high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas:
Combustion gas is in thermal expansion process, and gas is greater than the velocity of sound along the directed flow speed of barrel, and Mach number is about M= 1.2, it is more than the velocity of sound, combustion gas is in thermal expansion process, since the generation of shock wave is so that portion gas expansion kinetic energy is heated at gas Thermal energy so that the combustion gas density at shock wave section increases, temperature increase, cause the energy of combustion gas to barrel wall transmit, it is this More heats and higher high pressure, Yi Zao to barrel are transmitted in front to the characteristics of shock wave is due to its high density, high temperature in the pipe wall At tube wall middle front part ablation；
Under average condition, the hot-fluid that the combustion gas of 400MPa, 4000k are transmitted to barrel wall, about are as follows:
If about 1 times of the density increase after shock surface, temperature increases 50% due to Shock wave, then heat flow density increases Add 3 times, inhibiting the formation of thermalizing collision shock wave in barrel is to reduce one of the important measures of barrel thermal ablation, magnetically confined plasma Manifold technology can play the Mach number for reducing explosive shock wave, and the energy for mitigating transmitting gas is passed by shock wave heating combustion gas to barrel It passs, since electric current increase from zero to 1000A, the period is about 0.01ms, in barrel being launched object emission snack made with traditional Chinese medicines fire on coil Interior formation axial magnetic field, magnetic field rise to 2000Gs in 0.01 μ s from zero,
Due to Faraday's electromagnetic induction law:
The magnetic field that solenoid electromagnetic coil generates is Z-direction, the induction generated in barrel with time increased magnetic field Electric field is angularly that the inside radius of barrel is Ro, along the inner ring line integral of barrel in cylindrical coordinate:
Eθ(r=Ro)=- 107Ro(Vm-1)=6 × 105(Vm-1)
Changing magnetic field is maximum in the induction field that body near-wall generates, it is assumed that due to grain in high temperature, high pressure gas Particle encounter on the high energy tail of sub- molecule and generate ionization, generate initial electronics and ion, this part initial ionization Ionization ingredient Zhan total gas density can be ignored, and the energy of initiating electron is about 1eV, and the energy of ion is about 0.4eV, Electronics and ion do circumnutation in background axial magnetic field, and the intermediate value of background magnetic field is about 0.1T, the radius of gyration of electronics are as follows:
The radius of gyration of ion:
Induction field EθAccelerate electronics within the electron cyclotron half period, so that the energy that electronics obtains is about are as follows:
Δεe=2rLeEθ=2 × 16.9 × 10-6×6×105=20.28 (eV)
Mean free path of the initiating electron in combustion gas is about are as follows:
Electronics occurs with the number of neutral gas molecule collision about in the convolution half period are as follows:
Every time about with the kinetic energy of gas molecule collision electrical losses are as follows:
Electronics incudes angular electric field acceleration from 1eV times to 20.28eV, and average energy is about 10eV, every time with neutral gas Body molecular collision loses 2.73*10-4eV, and half of convolution period about collides 3845 times, and total off-energy is about are as follows:
ΔWc=3 845 × 2.73 × 10-4=1.05 (eV)
Electronics is in the case where incuding angular electric field acceleration, by the acceleration energy in half of period of circling round about in 20eV, in Property molecular collision have the kinetic energy of ionized molecule, its kinetic energy of initiating electron after incuding angular electric field acceleration is by in It still is able to after property gas molecule elastic collision loss kinetic energy by electric field acceleration to 20eV energy above, the acceleration time is about electronics In the magnetic field 0.1T circle round the period half, electronics average magnetic field 0.1T cyclotron frequency about are as follows:
Electronics is incuded the time of angular electric field acceleration:
The duration of induction field is about 10ns, can be accelerated to electronics from 1eV with 28 times within the electron cyclotron period The energy of 20eV or more, so that occurring avalanche of ionization phenomenon in barrel, an initiating electron is reached by angular electric field acceleration The kinetic energy of 20eV, collision neutral gas molecule generate ionization, generate an ionization electron and original impacting electron, i.e., primary electricity From occurring two electronics in rear gas, the two electronics decelerate to 20eV by electric field again in the time of 3.6*10-10s, collide 4 electronics are generated, 28 collisions then generate 228 electronics；
S2: the load of solenoid current reduces high temperature and pressure combustion to improve the initial transmissions speed for being launched object Thermal ablation of the gas to barrel needs to generate 2% ionic plasma, the high temperature of 400MPa, 4000K in high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas The ingredient ionized in high-pressure gas almost can be ignored, and ionization rate does not exceed a ten thousandth, electron temperature 1eV with Under, it is difficult to improve the initial velocity for being launched object loading magnetic field and reduces high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, the heat of barrel inner wall is burnt Erosion, in order to improve the ionization rate of high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas, the present invention uses the power-up mode of precipitous pulse front edge, allows on electromagnetic coil Electric current form precipitous rising front, be raised to 1000A from above freezing in the time of 10ns, the magnetic field for causing coil to generate is from zero 0.2T is risen in the time of 10ns；
S3: generating induction field, and externally-applied magnetic field generates excitation electrical field, and electric field can make high-temperature fuel gas to the acceleration effect of particle In initial electronically form avalanche ionization effect, statistical result, by the acceleration of the angular electric field of induction of 10ns, so that in barrel There is 2% ionization in burning gases, and the plasma electron density for ionizing generation is about the 2% of barrel combustion gas density, and electronics is flat Equal temperature is about 10eV, and radius of gyration of the electronics in average magnetic field 0.1T is about 17 μ s, and the radius of gyration of ion is about 2mm, these will significantly be changed the dynamic process of combustion gas in barrel by the plasma of magnetically confined, generate some be conducive to High performance feature is proposed, such as: improving and be launched going out thorax initial velocity, reducing ablation of the high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas to barrel for object；
S4: forming magnetically confined plasma sheaths, reaches 0.2T in the magnetic field that coil generates, and in the time for maintaining 5ms, The plasma electron that snowslide generates is constrained by magnetic field, and electron cyclotron radius is about 20~60 μm, near barrel inner wall 40~120 μm of thickness forms magnetically confined plasma sheaths, and wherein the density of electronics is about are as follows:
ne=0.02no=0.02 × 7.25 × 1027=1.45 × 1026(m-3)
The mean temperature of electronics is about 10eV in sheaths；
Its gross pressure is about in magnetically confined plasma sheaths are as follows:
Wherein magnetic pressure:
The pressure of electronics:
Pe=nekTe=1.45 × 1026×10×1.6×10-19=2.32 × 108=232 (MPa)=0.58P.
The pressure of ion:
Pi=nikTi=1.45 × 1026×1.38×10-23× 4000=8 × 106=8 (MPa)
Therefore the neutral combustion gas molecular density in the magnetically confined plasma sheaths of barrel inner wall 40--120 μ m thick is about Are as follows:
The main feature of magnetically confined plasma sheaths in barrel are as follows: fast-changing magnetic field generates in barrel at any time Angular induction field, angular induction field accelerate initiating electron to reach the kinetic energy of 20eV and generate snow with neutral combustion gas molecular collision Ionization is collapsed, so that generating 2% gas ionization in 40--120 μ m thick, the density of ionic plasma electronics is about in original The 2% of property gas density, the temperature of electronics is about 10eV, constraint of the electronics by axial magnetic field, and radius of gyration is about 20- 60 microns, class is formed in the sheaths of 40-120 micron thickness by the electronics of magnetically confined and is insulated shielded layer, magnetic confinement electronics Thermal pressure is about 232MPa, account for the 58% of internal layer combustion gas gross pressure, since magnetic confinement electronics is close to barrel inner wall 40-120 Exist in micron thickness, leads to the neutral gas density sharp fall in magnetically confined plasma sheaths, only former density 40%, this results in the hot-fluid not transmitted by the ion of the neutral combustion gas molecule of magnetically confined and heavier mass to barrel inner wall Density decline 60%；
S5: the thermal insulation of magnetically confined plasma sheaths, and the matter that magnetically confined electronics is spread to barrel inner wall Measure current density:
Wherein venIt is the collision frequency of electronics and neutral gas molecule, ωceIt is cyclotron frequency of the electronics in magnetic field；
Wherein
It is the thermal velocity of electronics in magnetically confined plasma sheaths；
It is mean free path of the electronics in sheaths with neutral combustion gas molecular collision；
Heat flow density entrained by electron current densities is about are as follows:
Γeth=εeΓem=16 × 10-19×3.46×1028=55.4GWm-2
The 40% of gas density when the density of neutral combustion gas molecule and ion in sheaths is about unionized, neutral molecule and The temperature of ion still maintains 4000K, thus in sheaths neutral gas and ion transport to barrel inner wall heat flow density about are as follows:
Γoth=0.4 Γth=0.4 × 205=82 (GWm-2)
Therefore the high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas of gun propellant combustion passes in barrel through magnetically confined plasma sheaths in barrel The total heat current density of wall gun steel is about:
Γt=Γeth+Γoth=55.4+82=137.4 (GWm-2) 205 (GWm of <-2)
Can clearly be analyzed from above formula, due to the presence of magnetically confined plasma sheaths, cause in barrel combustion gas to The heat flow density decline about 33% of tube wall gun steel transmitting will be brought since combustion gas passes to the heat flow density decline of tube wall One important role, the temperature of gun-steel inner wall also decrease, and the reduction of gun-steel temperature also correspondinglys increase gun-steel anti-ablation Ability, thus pass through the application of magnetically confined plasma sheaths, the anti-ablation ability of barrel is improved, the ablation of barrel is reduced, is prolonged The service life of long barrel is launched the high temperature and pressure performance of object emission medicine combustion gas not if the heating conduction of barrel material is constant Become, due to the application of magnetically confined plasma sheaths, so that the heat flow density that combustion gas is transmitted to barrel inner wall reduces by 33%, barrel The temperature of inner wall gun steel about reduces by 30%, this is an important application feature of the magnetically confined plasma sheaths in barrel, Reduce heating of the propellant combustion gas to barrel inner-wall material；
The magnetic confinement electronics of magnetically confined plasma sheaths in barrel role just as one about 120 microns of thickness Thermal insulation layer, electronics constrain in vertical magnetic field direction by axial magnetic field and do circumnutation and cause the diffusion flow of electronics vertical magnetic field close Degree decline, and electronics is formed by the thermal pressure that thermal pressure has squeezed neutral combustion gas and ion, causes in sheaths not by magnetic field The combustion gas molecule of constraint and the density of ion reduce by 60%, so that the total heat current density of combustion gas be caused to reduce by 33%, therefore barrel The temperature rise of inner-wall material reduces by 30% or so, by the presence of magnetically confined plasma sheaths, causes combustion gas molecule in barrel The thermal ablation of wall and Thermal Shock Damage degree reduce, and improve the service life of barrel, it is assumed that under the conditions of magnetically confined plasma sheaths, The temperature rise of barrel
Barrel heating when there are magnetically confined plasma sheaths
Wherein C is the thermal capacity of barrel inner wall thin layer, the temperature of barrel inner wall when T is no magnetically confined plasma sheaths, ΓthThe heat flow density that high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas is transmitted to barrel wall when being no magnetically confined plasma sheaths, q are that barrel inner wall is outside The heat flow density of conduction；ΓtIt is the total heat current density for being transmitted to barrel inner wall in the presence of magnetically confined plasma sheaths, utilizes (A)-(B), obtains:
It can clearly be analyzed from equation (C), due to the presence of magnetically confined plasma sheaths, lead to propellant powder high temperature High-pressure gas is reduced to the heat flow density of barrel inner wall, therefore when the heating of barrel inner wall is than no magnetically confined plasma sheaths Heating wants small, so that the presence of magnetically confined plasma sheaths reduces the temperature of barrel inner wall, due to the temperature of barrel inner wall It reduces, to improve the impact resistance of barrel, reduces the thermal ablation of barrel；
S6: magnetically confined plasma sheaths inhibition dynamics heat flow density, the combustion process of propellant powder is very fast in barrel Speed, fuel discharged in rapid combustion process a large amount of heat and along with some macromoleculars by oxygenolysis at small molecule, So that combustion gas molecular thermometer increases, number density of molecule increase forms blast process, combustion gas molecule rapid expansion at demolition point, push Outer layer gas is moved out along barrel axis, extraneous gas by demolition point gas promotion and there is compression phenomena, work as explosion The fltting speed Vo of high temperature hot gas is greater than the velocity of sound in peripheral gas；
The kinetic energy of high-temperature fuel gas will have the thermal energy for being partially converted into peripheral cryogenic gas, this part is converted to peripheral gas The energy of thermal energy reduces the emission effciency for being launched object emission medicine, that is, the chemical energy contained by propellant powder, is converted to Transmitting is launched the kinetic energy ratio of object；
Wherein MHIt is the quality for being launched object warhead, is that the same quality for being launched object warhead is calculating Constant, VH are the thorax initial velocity out of warhead, and ECh is energy and constant in the chemistry of propellant powder, and chemical energy conversion is launched object The efficiency of body kinetic energy improves the thorax initial velocity VH out for also just directly improving warhead；
The thorax initial velocity out for being launched object how is further increased, exactly improves the emission effciency of propellant powder, some grind Study carefully the propellant powder for taking low burn temperature, many small molecules are decomposited after gun propellant combustion, it is close by the molecule for improving combustion gas rapidly It spends the dynamic pressure kinetic energy for forming high pressure, but still not can solve rapid expansion gas and is converted to this key of the thermal energy of peripheral gas Point, that is, the shock wave heating process of gas rapid expansion, due to combustion gas rapid expansion, dynamics speed of expansion is greater than periphery The velocity of sound in gas generates shock wave in rapid expansion gas and peripheral low-speed motion gas cross section, and the generation of shock wave is so that shock wave The gas dynamic pressure (thrust of orientation) in forward position is converted to high temperature hot pressing power (thrust of isotropic, the effect of propulsion on edge after shock wave Rate is substantially reduced), and in barrel magnetically confined plasma sheaths formation, then the Mach of combustion gas in barrel can be greatly lowered Number reduces the ratio that combustion gas dynamic pressure is converted to peripheral gas hot pressing, so that combustion gas dynamic pressure is more made to reduce shock strength With in the propulsion for being launched object warhead, thus improve be launched object warhead go out thorax initial velocity, plasma sheath Layer prevent rapid expansion combustion gas dynamic pressure be converted to hot pressing Main physical principle be due to electromagnetic induction coil generate magnetic field with Time change forms in barrel and incudes angular electric field, and induction field accelerates initiating electron, in the time interval of 1.8*10-10s Interior that electronics is accelerated to 20eV or more, the electron collision combustion gas molecule after acceleration forms avalanche ionization, generates about 2% plasma Body, the mean temperature of plasma electron are about 10eV, and about 120 microns of thickness, and the temperature of ion and combustion gas molecular thermometer phase When, about 4000K, and the thickness of ion is about 4mm, but plasma has the characteristics that maintain the natural of electroneutral, causes part electric Sub inwardly diffusion, and part ion, since electron inertia quality is far smaller than the quality of ion, causes electronics inside to external diffusion Diffusion velocity be greater than speed of the ion to external diffusion so that the thickness of plasma sheath is about 2mm, and plasma ionizes Rate is about 1%, there is about 1% plasma in combustion gas, and the speed that density perturbation is propagated no longer is the velocity of sound, but vertical Magnetic direction is magnetosonic wave velocity, is ion-acoustic velocity, ion-acoustic velocity in parallel magnetic field direction are as follows:
Wherein η=0.01 is the ionization rate of combustion gas, γe=3 be the adiabatic coefficent of electronics, TeIt is electron temperature, kTe= 10eV, therefore the ion-acoustic velocity in barrel:
And the thermal velocity (about dynamic pressure speed of expansion) of high-pressure gas only has 2050ms-1 in barrel, since there are magnetic confinement Plasma (although only 1% degree of ionization), the speed of the gas density propagation of disturbance due to there are partial ionization it is equal from Daughter, density perturbation propagation not only has thermal pressure, but also the electrostatic force of charge also assists in wherein, so that the speed that density perturbation is propagated Spend it is bigger than the velocity of sound, therefore explode dynamic pressure propagate Mach number be no longer 1.2 at this time but 0.98, shock wave can not inspired again, Without will cause shock wave heating, thus in tube wall propellant powder burning, on the dynamic pressure main function to warhead of rapid expansion, For propellant powder when the dynamic pressure thrust ratio of barrel axial direction is without magnetically confined plasma sheaths, thrust is bigger, in the radial direction of barrel, combustion gas The spread speed of density perturbation is magnetosonic wave velocity, and wherein alfven velocity is about are as follows:
Shock wave still can be generated in the radial exploding gas of barrel, this shows the appearance of magnetically confined plasma sheaths, Lead to parallel axial dynamic pressure in barrelThe characteristics of hot pressing of > barrel radial direction, anisotropic, is originating from magnetic confinement etc. The presence of gas ions sheaths, the dynamic pressure for causing parallel barrel to be propagated are generated without shock wave, and the efficiency of combustion gas thermalization is produced than radial shock wave Raw thermalization wants small, when on this feature application barrel of plasma sheath propellant powder promote warhead with go out thorax speed ratio without Speed when plasma sheath is higher；
Electron density is about 1.45*1026m-3 in magnetically confined plasma sheaths, and the temperature of electronics is about 10eV, and magnetic is about The thickness of beam plasma sheath is about 120 microns, the constraint due to electronics by axial magnetic field, can not cross magnetic field fortune It is dynamic, but the collision of electronics and neutral combustion gas molecule causes electronics to cross magnetic field diffusion in magnetic field, and electronics crosses magnetic field diffusion Electron current densities are about 3.46*1028m-2s-1, and the electronics heat flow density of carrying is about 55GWm-2, and due to magnetic confinement etc. from The presence of daughter sheaths, similar one layer of 120 microns of thin thermal insulation layer, so that the radial heat flows density of combustion gas falls to 82GWm-2, Total heat flow density is about 137GWm-2, heat flow density 205GWm-2 when than no magnetically confined plasma sheaths, decline about 33%, The total chemical energy of propellant powder be converted to be launched object warhead kinetic energy efficiency improve about 10%, additionally, due to magnetic confinement etc. from The presence of daughter sheaths causes combustion gas density perturbation spread speed to be increased to ion-acoustic velocity (parallel barrel direction), and exploding gas is swollen Swollen dynamic pressure less passes through shock wave thermalization gas, and the efficiency of dynamic pressure thrust also improves, therefore magnetically confined plasma sheaths rise It has arrived and has weakened high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas to the transmitting of the heat flow density of barrel, while plasma sheath makes the dynamic pressure along barrel direction Thrust when thrust ratio is without magnetically confined plasma increases.
Lorentz force and Joule heat are added separately to momentum and energy are kept by the present invention on the basis of conventional fluid mechanics In permanent equation, the pyromagnetic coupling model of magnetically confined plasma jet stream is constructed, result of study shows: being charged after applying parallel magnetic field The movement of particle will become circumnutation around the magnetic line of force, reduce the heat flow density that plasma crosses magnetic field transmitting, due to The heat flow density decline of combustion gas transmitting, the temperature rise of inner wall also declines therewith, to improve the ability of barrel heat resistanceheat resistant ablation, improves Service life.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.

Claims (8)

1. magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method, which comprises the following steps:
S1: plasma is generated, its inner radial gun pressure is up to 400MPa when barrel emits, and temperature is up to 3000~4000k；
S2: the load of solenoid current；
S3: generating induction field, and externally-applied magnetic field generates excitation electrical field, and electric field can make in high-temperature fuel gas just the acceleration effect of particle What is begun electronically forms avalanche ionization effect；
S4: magnetically confined plasma sheaths are formed；
S5: the thermal insulation of magnetically confined plasma sheaths；
S6: magnetically confined plasma sheaths inhibition dynamics heat flow density.
2. magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in S1, barrel The gun pressure 200MPa of its half, 200MPa gun pressure in addition are resistant in face of the barrel wall material of high temperature and high pressure gas its crushing resistance It is to be distributed on barrel cladding material by material magnetic field.
3. magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in S2, electromagnetism The load of coil allows the electric current on electromagnetic coil to form precipitous rising front using the power-up mode of precipitous pulse front edge, It is raised to 1000A from above freezing in the time of 10ns, the magnetic field for causing coil to generate rises to 0.2T in the time of 10ns from zero.
4. magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in S3, electromagnetism Coil by the angular electric field of induction of 10ns acceleration so that there is 2% ionization in body combustion inner pipe gas, ionize generation etc. Gas ions electron density is the 2% of barrel combustion gas density, and electronics mean temperature is 10eV, electronics returning in average magnetic field 0.1T Rotation radius is 17 μ s, and the radius of gyration of ion is 2mm.
5. magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in S4, wait from Fast-changing magnetic field generates angular induction field to daughter sheaths in barrel at any time, and angular induction field accelerates initiating electron Reach the kinetic energy of 20eV and generates avalanche ionization with neutral combustion gas molecular collision.
6. magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in S5, in body In the case that the heating conduction of tube material is constant, the high temperature and pressure performance for being launched barrel propellant combustion gas is constant, about due to magnetic The application of beam plasma sheath, so that the heat flow density that combustion gas is transmitted to barrel inner wall reduces by 33%, barrel inner wall gun-steel material The temperature of material reduces by 30%.
7. magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in S6, barrel In the combustion process of interior propellant powder, fuel discharges a large amount of heat in rapid combustion process and passes through along with some macromoleculars Oxygenolysis is at small molecule, so that combustion gas molecular thermometer increases, number density of molecule increase forms blast process, combustion gas at demolition point Molecule rapid expansion, push outer layer gas moved out along barrel axis, extraneous gas by demolition point gas promotion and go out Existing compression phenomena.
8. magnetic controlled plasma sheaths characteristic research method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: fuel is burned The dynamic pressure kinetic energy of Cheng Zhong, high-temperature fuel gas will have the thermal energy for being partially converted into peripheral cryogenic gas, this part is converted to peripheral gas The energy of body heat energy reduces the emission effciency for being launched object emission medicine, that is, the chemical energy contained by propellant powder, conversion The kinetic energy ratio of object is launched at transmitting.
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