CN110197736A - The cold atom system of super large optical thickness - Google Patents
The cold atom system of super large optical thickness Download PDFInfo
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- CN110197736A CN110197736A CN201810159457.5A CN201810159457A CN110197736A CN 110197736 A CN110197736 A CN 110197736A CN 201810159457 A CN201810159457 A CN 201810159457A CN 110197736 A CN110197736 A CN 110197736A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000960 laser cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003822 preparative gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of super large optical thickness cold atom systems.The system includes Magneto-Optical Trap, single beam optical dipole traps.After Magneto-Optical Trap captures enough cold atoms, ligh trap laser is opened, forms single beam optical dipole traps, then cold atom is transferred in single beam optical dipole traps by Magneto-Optical Trap, and optical thickness measured value is up to 3000.There is cold atom system in apparatus of the present invention realization to be easy, cold atom cloud length is long, density is high, regular shape, position are stablized, it can be not required to remove optical dipole traps and be tested, characteristics, the key technology applications for quantum opticeses and non-linear optical field such as quantum storage, quantum entanglement light sources such as the optical mode allowed is few provide ideal physical platform.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Physics of Cold Atoms fields, and in particular to a kind of cold atom system of super large optical thickness.
Background technique
The cooling atom (namely cold atom) of laser is under extremely low temperature, even still maintain to uk even nk magnitude
Gaseous state, interatomic collision probability is very low at this time, it is believed that atom is substantially at isolated state, this is a kind of research atom point
The ideal system of sub-feature.
In cold atom system, technical field levies the action intensity of photon and system with optics thickness table, and optics is thick
Degree is bigger, and the intensity of light-matter interaction is higher.It is all meaningful to the experiment of many cold atoms to improve optical thickness, such as
The efficiency that can increase quantum storage, the generation rate for increasing Photon Correlation pair, increase optical nonlinearity efficiency etc., it is therefore desirable to have one
The simple and effective technology of kind generates the cold atom system of super large optical thickness.
The existing technology for generating super large optical thickness system has two-dimensional magneto-optical trap technology (optical thickness maximum close to 2000),
Photonic crystal fiber captures cold atom technology (optical thickness is up to 1000) etc..The cold atom that two-dimensional magneto-optical trap technology is formed
Distribution is irregular, before by non-uniform magnetic field and laser wave, intensity balancing influenced very big, atomic group is swollen rapidly after removing Magneto-Optical Trap
It is swollen, it is very unfavorable to subsequent experimental；Photonic crystal fiber technology needs for optical fiber to be placed in vacuum chamber, realizes difficulty, and need
Very high atomic group density can be only achieved higher optical thickness, this is experimentally not easily accomplished.
Time dark Magneto-Optical Trap technology, compression Magneto-Optical Trap technology, Zeeman optical pumping are used to two-dimensional magneto-optical trap in the prior art
Technology obtains for Cs atom D1 line up to 1306 optical thickness in combination with big atomicity；In conjunction with dark magneto-optic
The technologies such as trap, polarization gradient cooling, form two-dimensional magneto-optical trap, the greatest optical thickness obtained using detection optical absorption spectra measurement
It is 1000, gtadient echo storage is carried out in this system, has obtained storage efficiency about 80%, the experiment that coherence time is 195us
As a result；Using the optical thickness of electromagnetic induced transparency and optical retardation measurement two-dimensional magneto-optical trap, greatest optical is herein with a thickness of 62
It is 0.75MHz, the association photon pair that time span can be changed between 50-900ns that line width is generated in system；Cold atom is loaded into
In the optical dipole traps that hollow photonic crystal fiber is formed, atom transfer efficiency is 2.5%, displaced the cold atom of 2.5*10^5,
Effective optical thickness reaches 1000.
Summary of the invention
The technology of high optical thickness cold atom system is currently generated, there are many disadvantage, existing it is an object of the invention to overcome
The defects of technology provides a kind of new generation super large optical thickness cold atom system.
To achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of cold atom system of super large optical thickness, institute
Stating cold atom system includes: Magneto-Optical Trap and single beam optical dipole traps.
Cold atom system according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein the magnetic light trap system is single-chamber Magneto-Optical Trap or multi-cavity
Magneto-Optical Trap, preferably single-chamber Magneto-Optical Trap.
Cold atom system according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein the magnetic light trap system is using compression Magneto-Optical Trap technology
Improve cold atom cloud density.
Cold atom system according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein the magnetic light trap system is using the cooling skill of polarization gradient
The temperature of art reduction cold atom cloud.
Cold atom system according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein the atom in the magnetic light trap system is selected from next
Kind or a variety of alkali metal atoms: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium；Preferably, the atom is 87 atom of rubidium.
Cold atom system according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein the cooling light of the Magneto-Optical Trap and the again light of pump light
Spot diameter is identical, and the spot diameter is 10~50mm, preferably 25.4mm.
Cold atom system according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein cold atom cloud temperature is 30 in the magnetic light trap system
~200uk, preferably 30uk；
Cold atom cloud density is 1 × 10 in the magnetic light trap system10~2.5 × 1011/cm2, preferably 2.5 × 1011/
cm2。
Cold atom system according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein it is characterized in that, the light of the single beam optical dipole traps
The power of trap laser is 1~35W, preferably 35W；The beam waist radius of ligh trap laser is 1~60um, preferably 40um.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of cold atom experimental facilities, and the equipment includes: according to first aspect institute
The cold atom system for the super large optical thickness stated.
Cold atom experimental facilities according to a second aspect of the present invention, this equipment are suitable for all originals that can be used for laser cooling
Son and its isotope.
To achieve the above object, cold atom is transferred to single beam optical dipole traps by Magneto-Optical Trap the present invention provides a kind of
In, realizing has the cold atom system of super large optical thickness.The cold atom system includes: Magneto-Optical Trap and single beam light dipole
Trap.
Magneto-Optical Trap: the present inventor captures cold atom cloud using Magneto-Optical Trap, and it is close to increase cold atom using compression Magneto-Optical Trap technology
Degree reduces temperature of cold atoms using polarization gradient cooling technology.
Single beam optical dipole traps: opening ligh trap laser, forms single beam optical dipole traps, is transferred to cold atom by Magneto-Optical Trap
In optical dipole traps, through measuring, in the optical thickness along optical dipole traps axial direction (ligh trap direction of laser propagation) with super large.
The cold atom system of super large optical thickness of the invention can have but be not limited to it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, the present inventor uses the cold atom in ligh trap to realize system, the density ratio tradition magnetic of cold atom in apparatus of the present invention
Ligh trap improves one to two orders of magnitude；The most important originality of apparatus of the present invention is that the present inventor uses single beam ligh trap
Capture atom, since single beam ligh trap can provide Centimeter Level other effective potential well in the direction of propagation of ligh trap laser, then this dress
The cold atom system length that setting can be realized improves one to two orders of magnitude than traditional ligh trap.In summary two advantages, this
Device realizes the cold atom system that optical thickness is up to 3000, is in the leading level in the world, crucial for many quantum opticeses
Application field is a highly desirable physical system.
2, apparatus of the present invention are realized and are easy compared to photonic crystal fiber technology；The cold original of two-dimensional magneto-optical trap technology capture
Son group is very sensitive to the parameter before background environment magnetic field and laser wave, so shape and position are all very unstable, in contrast,
Laser optics used in apparatus of the present invention is high-quality, the cold atom cloud regular shape of capture, and position is stablized.
3, apparatus of the present invention can be tested in the case where not removing optical dipole traps, and atomic group does not expand at this time, institute
With there is no due to decoherence effect caused by expanding, corresponding coherence time increases 3 to 4 orders of magnitude.
4 compare with conventional magneto-optic trap cold atom system, and small two orders of magnitude of the radial dimension of present apparatus system are allowed
Optical mode it is considerably less, provide efficient Spatial Filtering Effect, can greatly improve quantum information processing fidelity with
And the brightness of non-classical light source.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter, carrying out the embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows the Magneto-Optical Trap in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the single beam optical dipole traps in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of symbols:
1, the cold atom cloud of Magneto-Optical Trap capture；2, the cooling light of six beams；3, two beams pump light again；4, gradient magnetic field coil；5,
Ligh trap laser；6, the cold atom cloud of single beam optical dipole traps capture
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained by specific examples below, it should be understood, however, that, these embodiments are only
It is used, is but should not be understood as present invention is limited in any form for specifically describing in more detail.
This part carries out general description to the material and test method that arrive used in present invention test.Although being
It realizes many materials used in the object of the invention and operating method is it is known in the art that still the present invention still uses up herein
It may detailed description.It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that within a context, if not specified, material therefor of the present invention and behaviour
It is well known in the art as method.
Reagent and instrument used in the following embodiment are as follows:
Reagent:
Rubidium is purchased from Xingjiang Non-ferrous Metals Inst..
Instrument:
Single-chamber magnetic light trap system, by purchased from U.S. Allenglass company customization size ultrahigh vacuum quartz glass chamber,
The magnetic that 2L-25 ionic pump, self-control gradient magnetic field coil and self-control purchased from Branch Tech company compensate field coil and build
Ligh trap optical path composition；
Optical fiber laser is purchased from Shenzhen Chuan Xin laser technology Co., Ltd, model MFSC-30.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is for illustrating structure of the invention.
The system includes Magneto-Optical Trap, single beam optical dipole traps.Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing.
1) Magneto-Optical Trap:
Utilize Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT, magneto-optical trap) capture and cooling atom.The cooling light of six beams of Magneto-Optical Trap
(2) and the spot diameter of two beams pump light (3) again is 25.4mm, and cooling light general power is 120mW, then pump light general power is
14mW, cooling light two-by-two mutually to penetrating, propagated along three orthogonal directions, then pump light mutually to penetrate, the direction of propagation with to penetrating
The cooling light of a pair it is identical, cooling light pair87The resonant transition frequency detuning of Rb atom D2 line ground state F=2 to excitation state F=3 be-
17MHz, then pump light pair87Rb atom D2 line atomic ground state F=1 to excitation state F=2 resonance, what gradient magnetic field coil (4) provided
Magnetic field gradient is 10G/cm.The temperature of the Magneto-Optical Trap cold atom cloud (1) of the present inventor's capture is about 200uk, density is about 1010/
cm2, atomicity be about 109。
In order to improve the density of Magneto-Optical Trap capture cold atom, inventors used compression Magneto-Optical Trap technology (compress
Magneto-optical trap, CMOT, cooling optical power is reduced to 70mW, detuning to become -31MHz, then pump light condition is not
Become, quadrupole trap magnetic field gradient increases to 20G/cm, continues 10ms).In order to reduce the temperature of cold atom, inventors used inclined
Shake gradient cooling technology (Polarization gradient cooling, PGC, cooling optical power is still 70mW, it is detuning become-
78MHz, then pump light condition are constant, close quadrupole trap magnetic field, continue 7ms).Obtained cold atom cloud temperature is 30uk, density
It is 2.5 × 1011/cm2, atomicity is 7 × 108。
2) single beam optical dipole traps:
Subsequent the present inventor opens ligh trap laser (5), that is, forms single beam optical dipole traps.Opening time~1s, then cold original
Son is transferred in single beam optical dipole traps by Magneto-Optical Trap.Ligh trap laser is exported by optical fiber laser, and laser waist is in cold atom cloud
Center.
As long as general ligh trap laser to the detuning spontaneous radiation line width for being far longer than atom of atomic resonance transition frequency i.e.
It can guarantee that the optical dipole traps formed have the sufficiently long photon equilibrium state service life.The wavelength of ligh trap laser used in the present invention is
1064nm, laser power 35W, beam waist radius are about 40um, and corresponding photon equilibrium state rate can be ignored, actual measurement
The ligh trap service life is~10s, can be tested in the case where not removing optical dipole traps.
The density of the cold atom cloud of the optical dipole traps capture formed in the present invention can achieve~1 × 1012/cm2, compared to
The 10 of conventional magneto-optic trap10~1011/cm2, high by 1~2 two orders of magnitude；The corresponding Rayleigh range of ligh trap laser is~0.5cm,
Effective potential well (2*0.5cm) of centimetre rank length can be provided in direction of laser propagation, and the effective poential of conventional magneto-optic trap
Trap length is generally~1mm；Big in conjunction with two above advantage namely atomic group density, effective potential well is long, the monochromatic light in the present apparatus
Beam optical dipole traps are in more, the optics of conventional magneto-optic trap bigger than conventional magneto-optic trap along the optical thickness in direction of laser propagation
Thickness is generally tens, and the optical thickness of the present apparatus is up to thousands of.
The expression formula of optical thickness (Optical depth, OD) is OD=n σ0L, wherein n is atom number density, and L is body
The length of system, σ0The absorption interface for being photon is a constant, it is clear that n is higher, L is longer, then optical thickness is bigger.
Atomic group in single beam optical dipole traps is in Gaussian Profile:
Wherein, n0For peak density, σiFor atomic group radius.Substitute into optical thickness formula it is found that along the direction z maximum
Optical thickness are as follows:
Wherein, N is total atom number, σrFor radial Gauss radius.
As shown in Fig. 2, (6) are the cold atom cloud of the single beam optical dipole traps capture in the present invention, representative condition, N=
1.87*107, σr=35.4um, σ0=2.907*10-9cm2, then can calculate optical thickness be about 3000 (87Rb atom D2 line
The Resonant thickness of ground state F=2 to excitation state F=3).
Although present invention has been a degree of descriptions, it will be apparent that, do not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
Under the conditions of, the appropriate variation of each condition can be carried out.It is appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and it is attributed to right
It is required that range comprising the equivalent replacement of each factor.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cold atom system of super large optical thickness, which is characterized in that the cold atom system includes: Magneto-Optical Trap and monochromatic light
Beam optical dipole traps.
2. cold atom system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the magnetic light trap system is single-chamber Magneto-Optical Trap or more
Chamber Magneto-Optical Trap, preferably single-chamber Magneto-Optical Trap.
3. cold atom system according to claim 1 or 2, the magnetic light trap system is improved cold using compression Magneto-Optical Trap technology
Atomic group density.
4. cold atom system according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the magnetic light trap system uses
Polarizing gradient cooling technology reduces the temperature of cold atom cloud.
5. cold atom system according to any one of claim 1 to 4, which is characterized in that in the magnetic light trap system
Atom is selected from one or more of alkali metal atom: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium；Preferably, the atom is 87 atom of rubidium.
6. cold atom system according to any one of claim 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the cooling light of the Magneto-Optical Trap
The spot diameter of pump light is identical again, and the spot diameter is 10~50mm, preferably 25.4mm.
7. cold atom system according to any one of claim 1 to 6, which is characterized in that cold in the magnetic light trap system
Atomic group temperature is 30~200uk, preferably 30uk；
Cold atom cloud density is 1 × 10 in the magnetic light trap system10~2.5 × 1011/cm2, preferably 2.5 × 1011/cm2。
8. cold atom system according to any one of claim 1 to 7, which is characterized in that the single beam optical dipole traps
Ligh trap laser power be 1~35W, preferably 35W；The beam waist radius of ligh trap laser is 1~60um, preferably 40um.
9. a kind of cold atom experimental facilities, which is characterized in that the equipment includes: described in any item according to claim 1~8
The cold atom system of super large optical thickness.
10. cold atom experimental facilities according to claim 9, which is characterized in that this equipment can be used for swashing suitable for all
Light cooling atom and its isotope.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111679459A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-18 | 合肥师范学院 | Proportion-adjustable single photon beam splitter based on cold atom storage |
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Application publication date: 20190903 |