CN110192453B - Method for cultivating plants in mine abandoned land - Google Patents
Method for cultivating plants in mine abandoned land Download PDFInfo
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- CN110192453B CN110192453B CN201910528898.2A CN201910528898A CN110192453B CN 110192453 B CN110192453 B CN 110192453B CN 201910528898 A CN201910528898 A CN 201910528898A CN 110192453 B CN110192453 B CN 110192453B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 36
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims 4
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012258 stirred mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
- D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
- D01F9/21—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F9/22—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/53—Polyethers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating plants in abandoned mine sites, which comprises the following steps: cleaning and leveling broken stone and garbage on the surface of a mine waste, spraying water and fertilizer for maintenance, paving a multifunctional adsorption film, scattering water absorption particles into prefabricated tailing nutrient soil, stirring until the water absorption particles are uniformly distributed, paving the whole, planting plants suitable for mine growth, and paving a cover plate on the surface of the planted soil. The invention adopts a self-made multifunctional adsorption film, combines the design of the super absorbent cation exchange resin and the selective water permeable film, is applied to the lower part, the middle part and the upper part of a plant planting system, provides an excellent water fertilizer and soil environment for plant planting in mine abandoned lands, ensures the growth quantity and the survival rate of plants, has the advantages of low cost, good treatment effect, simple structure, waterproof fertilizer, no secondary pollution and the like, and is an environment-friendly restoration technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and plant cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating plants in mine abandoned lands.
Background
At present, plant restoration means are often adopted for restoration of mine abandoned lands, but vegetation growth dwarf, biomass and survival rate low and other phenomena occur after plant restoration of most of mine abandoned lands, and the main reasons are as follows: firstly, compared with the common soil, the soil quality of the mine abandoned land has more pollutants including heavy metal pollution and chemical agent pollution, and the pushed and accumulated matters on the soil surface are thicker, so that plants absorb a large amount of pollutants to influence the survival rate of the plants; secondly, underground water sources of mine abandoned lands are often not supplied enough, the water quality of the supplied water sources is poor after being polluted by pollutants, and meanwhile, the water on the soil surface is evaporated, so that the water absorption of plant root systems is insufficient, and the growth cannot be ensured; thirdly, the soil needed by plant restoration of the mine abandoned land is directly taken nearby and not treated, the soil quality is poor, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is low, the nutrient loss in the soil is large, and the nutrient supply is insufficient.
Meanwhile, most of the existing mine plant restoration methods are used for directly planting the plants after the surface of the mine abandoned land is covered with soil, and for those mine abandoned land with more pollutant species and more complex chemical properties, the covered soil materials are simply optimized for isolating the influence of underground pollution sources, the adsorptivity of the soil after optimization is relatively single, the water and fertilizer retaining capacity is lost, and the soil cannot be treated for various pollutants, so that the long-term stability of the plants in growth of the plants cannot be ensured, and the restoration capacity of the soil and the restoration effect of landscapes are seriously influenced after the plants are planted due to the loss of soil water and fertilizer, the influence of pH value and the influence of pollutants.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide a method for plant cultivation in mine waste land, which solves the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for mine waste plant cultivation comprising the steps of:
(1) Cleaning and leveling broken stone and garbage on the mine waste surface;
(2) Spraying water and fertilizer on the land after the land is leveled in the step (1), and curing for 1-3 days;
(3) Paving a multifunctional adsorption film on the surface of the treated soil in the step (2);
(4) Sprinkling water absorption particles into the prefabricated tailing nutrient soil, stirring until the water absorption particles are uniformly distributed, and integrally paving the water absorption particles on the surface of the soil treated in the step (3) until the paving thickness is 50 cm-70 cm;
(5) Planting plants which are suitable for restoring the mine growth in the soil treated in the step (4);
(6) And (5) paving a cover plate on the surface of the planted soil in the step (5).
Preferably, the multifunctional adsorption film in the step (3) uses pretreated copolymerized carbonized nanofiber as a film matrix material and uses modified cellulose particles as a functional particle filler.
Preferably, the multifunctional adsorption film of the step (3) is prepared by the following steps:
I. The modified cellulose particles and the polyglycerol are mixed according to the mass ratio of (6-8): 1 mixing to prepare a dispersion liquid, and regulating the pH value of the dispersion liquid solution to be 6-8;
and II, carrying out ultrasonic stirring on the dispersion liquid in the step I for 20 min-30 min, heating the stirred suspension liquid to 200-240 ℃, preserving heat for 2-h-3 h, cooling to 60-80 ℃, and spraying on the pretreated copolymerized carbonized nanofiber to obtain the multifunctional adsorption film.
Preferably, the pretreated copolymerized carbonized nanofiber is prepared by the steps of:
a. Mixing polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile blocks and polymethyl methacrylate (1-5) and (1-10) and (1-3) according to the mass part ratio, dissolving the mixture in an ethyl acetate organic solution at the dissolution temperature of 45-55 ℃, adding 0.5-1% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, stirring by ultrasonic, and obtaining the copolymerization nanofiber by adopting a solution spinning method of dry-jet wet spinning;
b. C, placing the copolymerized nanofiber obtained in the step a into a carbonizer, firstly introducing carbon source gas at 150-200 ℃ for pretreatment, standing for 1-h-2 h, and then introducing nitrogen at 150-200 ℃ for carbonization treatment to obtain the copolymerized carbonized nanofiber;
c. cutting the copolymerization nanometer fiber in the step b according to construction requirements, cleaning to neutrality by using deionized water, treating in a water bath, and airing after the water bath to obtain a pretreatment copolymerization nanometer fiber;
Preferably, the water bath temperature in the step c is 80-100 ℃, and the water bath time is 40-60 min.
Preferably, the modified cellulose particles are prepared by the steps of:
A. Mixing and soaking 15-25% of sawdust, 25-35% of waste grass blanket, 15-25% of waste pericarp and 25-35% of coffee grounds;
B. c, cleaning the mixture soaked in the step A with clear water and drying;
C. Crushing the dried material obtained in the step B, and sieving the crushed material with a 100-mesh sieve;
D. adding 20% isopropanol into the undersize product obtained in the step C, stirring, filtering and drying;
E. adding potassium hydroxide into the dried dry matter obtained in the step D for stirring, wherein the concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 0.05-0.15 mol/L;
F. filtering and washing the mixture stirred in the step E, and adjusting the pH value of the washed solution to 7;
G. Filtering, drying and standing the mixed solution after washing in the step F;
H. And D, adding citric acid into the dry matter subjected to standing in the step G for stirring, suction filtration, water washing, filtering, drying, standing, granulating and grinding to obtain modified cellulose particles.
Preferably, the multifunctional adsorption film in the step (3) is of a hollow structure, the specific surface area is 1250 m 2/g～1300 m2/g, the pore size is 1 nm-10 nm, and the micropores account for 70% -80%.
Preferably, the water-absorbing particles in the step (6) are super absorbent cation exchange resins.
Preferably, the step (7) tailing nutrient soil is prepared by the following steps:
I. Uniformly mixing soil around the restored land with nearby domestic sludge in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a tailing sludge mixture;
And II, mixing the tailing sludge obtained in the step I, and performing acidizing treatment, stirring, compression and microwave treatment to obtain the tailing nutrient soil.
Preferably, the cover sheet material of step (10) is a selectively permeable membrane that allows liquid water to flow from the upper end of the membrane to the lower end of the membrane while ensuring that moisture in the soil cannot evaporate through the membrane.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. The invention adopts self-made multifunctional adsorption film, combines the high water absorption cation exchange resin and the selective water permeable film, is applied to the lower part, the middle part and the upper part of a plant planting system, provides an excellent water fertilizer and soil environment for the plant planting of the mine abandoned land, ensures the growth amount and the survival rate of plants, has the advantages of low cost, good treatment effect, simple structure, water fertilizer prevention, no secondary pollution and the like, and is an environment-friendly restoration technology.
2. The copolymerization nanofiber prepared from various polymer materials has a microporous structure, a large specific surface area, uniform micropore distribution after carbonization and higher adsorption capacity, and is used as a membrane matrix material to effectively absorb, filter and isolate various pollutants and heavy metal ions in mine abandoned lands.
3. According to the invention, the modified cellulose particles are prepared from industrial and agricultural wastes, so that the industrial and agricultural wastes are consumed, waste is changed into valuable, meanwhile, the modified cellulose particles effectively filter the water sent to the ground surface by the underground water through capillary action, so that organic pollutants in the water are removed, and a clean water source environment is provided for the plants on the ground surface.
4. The nutrient soil used in the invention utilizes peripheral tailings, sludge and waste soil, so that waste resources are reused, and meanwhile, water absorption particles are scattered in the nutrient soil, so that redundant moisture in the soil body can be absorbed and stored, and a water source guarantee is provided for plants in drought period.
5. According to the invention, the cover plate capable of realizing unidirectional water permeability is paved on the soil surface layer, so that water vapor is easily collected under the membrane due to the characteristic of air permeability and water impermeability in seasons with larger day-night temperature difference, and the valuable water resource is effectively utilized.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for plant cultivation in mine abandoned land, comprising the following steps:
(1) Cleaning, flattening and spraying water and fertilizer on crushed stone and garbage on the mine waste surface, and curing for 1 day;
(2) Mixing 15% of sawdust, 35% of waste grass blanket, 15% of waste pericarp and 35% of coffee grounds, soaking, cleaning the soaked mixture with clear water, drying, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding 20% of isopropanol into the sieved mixture, stirring, filtering, drying, adding potassium hydroxide into the mixture, stirring, adjusting the concentration of the potassium hydroxide to 0.05mol/L, carrying out suction filtration and water washing on the stirred mixture, adjusting the pH value of the water washed mixture to 7, filtering, drying and standing the water washed mixture, adding citric acid into the dried mixture after standing, stirring, carrying out suction filtration, water washing, filtering, drying, standing and granulating to obtain modified cellulose particles;
(3) Mixing polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile blocks and polymethyl methacrylate according to the mass ratio of 1:1:3:10, dissolving in ethyl acetate organic solution, adding 0.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone, stirring ultrasonically, adopting a solution spinning method of dry spray wet spinning to obtain copolymerized nano fibers, putting the copolymerized nano fibers into a carbonizer, firstly introducing 150 ℃ carbon source gas for pretreatment, standing for h, then introducing 150 ℃ nitrogen for carbonization treatment, cutting according to construction requirements, cleaning to neutrality by using deionized water, carrying out water bath treatment, wherein the temperature is 80 ℃, the water bath time is 40min, and airing after water bath to obtain pretreated copolymerized nano fibers;
(4) The modified cellulose particles and the polyglycerol obtained in the step (2) are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:1, mixing to prepare a dispersion liquid, regulating the pH value of the dispersion liquid solution to be 6, ultrasonically stirring 20 min, heating the stirred suspension liquid to 200 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, cooling to 60 ℃, and showering to pretreat the copolymerization nanometer fiber in the step (3) to obtain a multifunctional adsorption film;
(5) Adopting a multifunctional adsorption film with the specific surface area of 1250 m 2/g and the pore size of 1:1 nm, wherein the micropores account for 70 percent, and paving the adsorption film on the surface of the soil treated in the step (1);
(6) Uniformly mixing soil around the restored land with nearby domestic sludge in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a tailing sludge mixture, and then carrying out acidification treatment, stirring, compression and microwave treatment on the tailing sludge mixture to obtain tailing nutrient soil;
(7) Sprinkling the high water absorption cation exchange resin into the prefabricated tailing nutrient soil, stirring until water absorption particles are uniformly distributed, and integrally paving the soil surface treated in the step (5) with the paving thickness of 50 cm;
(8) Planting plants which are suitable for restoring the mine growth in the soil treated in the step (7);
(9) And (3) paving a selective water permeable film on the surface of the planted soil in the step (8).
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for plant cultivation in mine abandoned land, comprising the following steps:
(1) Cleaning, flattening and spraying water and fertilizer on crushed stone and garbage on the mine waste surface, and curing for 2 days;
(2) Mixing 20% of sawdust, 30% of waste grass blanket, 20% of waste pericarp and 30% of coffee grounds, soaking, cleaning the soaked mixture with clear water, drying, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding 20% of isopropanol into the sieved mixture, stirring, filtering, drying, adding potassium hydroxide into the mixture, stirring, adjusting the concentration of the potassium hydroxide to be 0.10mol/L, carrying out suction filtration and water washing on the stirred mixture, adjusting the pH value of the water washed mixture to be 7, filtering, drying and standing the water washed mixture, adding citric acid into the dried substance after standing, stirring, suction filtration, water washing, filtering, drying, standing and granulating to obtain modified cellulose particles;
(3) Mixing polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile blocks and polymethyl methacrylate according to the mass ratio of 3:5:2:5, dissolving in ethyl acetate organic solution, adding 0.7% polyvinylpyrrolidone, ultrasonically stirring, adopting a solution spinning method of dry spray wet spinning to obtain copolymerized nanofibers, placing the copolymerized nanofibers in a carbonizer, firstly introducing carbon source gas at 180 ℃ for pretreatment, standing for 1.5h, then introducing nitrogen at 180 ℃ for carbonization treatment, cutting the obtained copolymerized nanofibers according to construction requirements, washing the copolymerized nanofibers to be neutral by using deionized water, carrying out water bath treatment, wherein the temperature is 90 ℃, and the water bath time is 50min, and airing the pretreated copolymerized nanofibers after water bath to obtain the pretreated copolymerized nanofibers;
(4) The modified cellulose particles and the polyglycerol obtained in the step (2) are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:1, mixing to prepare a dispersion liquid, regulating the pH value of the dispersion liquid solution to 7, ultrasonically stirring for 25min, heating the stirred suspension liquid to 220 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, cooling to 70 ℃, and showering to pretreat the copolymerization nanometer fiber in the step (3) to obtain a multifunctional adsorption film;
(5) Adopting a multifunctional adsorption film with the specific surface area of 1270 m 2/g and the pore size of 2 nm, wherein micropores account for 75% of the surface of the soil treated in the step (1);
(6) Uniformly mixing soil around the restored land with nearby domestic sludge in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a tailing sludge mixture, and then carrying out acidification treatment, stirring, compression and microwave treatment on the tailing sludge mixture to obtain tailing nutrient soil;
(7) Sprinkling the high water absorption cation exchange resin into the prefabricated tailing nutrient soil, stirring until water absorption particles are uniformly distributed, and integrally paving the soil surface treated in the step (5) with the paving thickness of 60cm;
(8) Planting plants which are suitable for restoring the mine growth in the soil treated in the step (7);
(9) And (3) paving a selective water permeable film on the surface of the planted soil in the step (8).
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for plant cultivation in mine abandoned land, comprising the following steps:
(1) Cleaning, flattening and spraying water and fertilizer on crushed stone and garbage on the mine waste surface, and curing for 3 days;
(2) Mixing and soaking 25% of sawdust, 25% of waste grass mats, 25% of waste fruit peels and 25% of coffee grounds, cleaning, drying and crushing the soaked mixture with clear water, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding 20% of isopropanol into the sieved mixture, stirring, filtering and drying, adding potassium hydroxide into the mixture, stirring, adjusting the concentration of the potassium hydroxide to be 0.15mol/L, carrying out suction filtration and water washing on the stirred mixture, adjusting the pH value of the water washed mixture to be 7, filtering, drying and standing the water washed mixture, adding citric acid into the dried mixture after standing, stirring, carrying out suction filtration, water washing, filtering, drying, standing and granulating to obtain modified cellulose particles;
(3) Mixing polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile blocks and polymethyl methacrylate according to the mass ratio of 5:10:1:1, dissolving in ethyl acetate organic solution, adding 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone, stirring ultrasonically, adopting a solution spinning method of dry-jet wet spinning to obtain copolymerized nanofibers, putting the copolymerized nanofibers into a carbonizer, firstly introducing carbon source gas at 200 ℃ for pretreatment, standing for 2 hours, then introducing nitrogen at 200 ℃ for carbonization treatment, cutting the obtained copolymerized carbonized nanofibers according to construction requirements, cleaning the copolymerized nanofibers to be neutral by using deionized water, carrying out water bath treatment at 100 ℃ for 60 minutes, and airing after water bath to obtain pretreated copolymerized nanofibers;
(4) The modified cellulose particles and the polyglycerol obtained in the step (2) are mixed according to the mass ratio of 8:1, mixing to prepare a dispersion liquid, regulating the pH value of the dispersion liquid solution to 8, ultrasonically stirring for 30min, heating the stirred suspension liquid to 240 ℃, preserving heat for 3 h, cooling to 80 ℃, and showering to pretreat the copolymerized carbonized nanofiber in the step (3) to obtain a multifunctional adsorption film;
(5) Adopting a multifunctional adsorption film with the specific surface area of 1300 m 2/g and the pore size of 3 nm, wherein micropores account for 80% of the surface of the soil treated in the step (1);
(6) Uniformly mixing soil around the restored land with nearby domestic sludge in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a tailing sludge mixture, and then carrying out acidification treatment, stirring, compression and microwave treatment on the tailing sludge mixture to obtain tailing nutrient soil;
(7) Sprinkling the high water absorption cation exchange resin into the prefabricated tailing nutrient soil, stirring until water absorption particles are uniformly distributed, and integrally paving the soil surface treated in the step (5) with the paving thickness of 70cm;
(8) Planting plants which are suitable for restoring the mine growth in the soil treated in the step (7);
(9) And (3) paving a selective water permeable film on the surface of the planted soil in the step (8).
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for mine waste plant cultivation comprising the steps of:
(1) Cleaning and leveling broken stone and garbage on the mine waste surface;
(2) Spraying water and fertilizer on the land after the land is leveled in the step (1), and curing for 1-3 days;
(3) Paving a multifunctional adsorption film on the surface of the soil treated in the step (2), wherein the multifunctional adsorption film takes pretreated copolymerized carbonized nanofibers as a film matrix material and modified cellulose particles as functional particle fillers;
The multifunctional adsorption film is prepared by the following steps:
I. The modified cellulose particles and the polyglycerol are mixed according to the mass ratio of (6-8): 1 mixing to prepare a dispersion liquid, and regulating the pH value of the dispersion liquid solution to be 6-8;
II, carrying out ultrasonic stirring on the dispersion liquid in the step I for 20 min-30 min, heating the stirred suspension liquid to 200-240 ℃, preserving heat for 2-h-3 h, cooling to 60-80 ℃, and spraying on the pretreated copolymerized carbonized nanofiber to obtain a multifunctional adsorption film;
(4) Sprinkling water absorption particles into the prefabricated tailing nutrient soil, stirring until the water absorption particles are uniformly distributed, and integrally paving the water absorption particles on the surface of the soil treated in the step (3) until the paving thickness is 50 cm-70 cm;
(5) Planting plants which are suitable for restoring the mine growth in the soil treated in the step (4);
(6) And (3) paving a cover plate on the surface of the planted soil in the step (5), wherein the cover plate is a selective permeable membrane, and the membrane can enable liquid water to flow into the lower end of the membrane from the upper end of the membrane, and simultaneously ensure that moisture in the soil cannot be evaporated through the membrane.
2. A method for plant cultivation in mining wastelands according to claim 1, characterized in that the pretreated copolymerized carbonized nanofibers are prepared by the steps of:
a. Mixing polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile blocks and polymethyl methacrylate (1-5) and (1-10) and (1-3) according to the mass part ratio, dissolving the mixture in an ethyl acetate organic solution at the dissolution temperature of 45-55 ℃, adding 0.5-1% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, stirring by ultrasonic, and obtaining the copolymerization nanofiber by adopting a solution spinning method of dry-jet wet spinning;
b. C, placing the copolymerized nanofiber obtained in the step a into a carbonizer, firstly introducing carbon source gas at 150-200 ℃ for pretreatment, standing for 1-h-2 h, and then introducing nitrogen at 150-200 ℃ for carbonization treatment to obtain the copolymerized carbonized nanofiber;
c. Cutting the copolymerization nanometer fiber in the step b according to construction requirements, cleaning to neutrality by deionized water, treating in a water bath, and airing after the water bath to obtain the pretreatment copolymerization nanometer fiber.
3. The method for plant cultivation in mining abandoned land according to claim 2, wherein the water bath temperature in the step c is 80-100 ℃ and the water bath time is 40-60 min.
4. A method for plant cultivation in mining wasteland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modified cellulose particles are prepared by the steps of:
A. Mixing and soaking 15-25% of sawdust, 25-35% of waste grass blanket, 15-25% of waste pericarp and 25-35% of coffee grounds;
B. c, cleaning the mixture soaked in the step A with clear water and drying;
C. Crushing the dried material obtained in the step B, and sieving the crushed material with a 100-mesh sieve;
D. adding 20% isopropanol into the undersize product obtained in the step C, stirring, filtering and drying;
E. adding potassium hydroxide into the dried dry matter obtained in the step D for stirring, wherein the concentration of the potassium hydroxide is 0.05-0.15 mol/L;
F. filtering and washing the mixture stirred in the step E, and adjusting the pH value of the washed solution to 7;
G. Filtering, drying and standing the mixed solution after washing in the step F;
H. And D, adding citric acid into the dry matter subjected to standing in the step G for stirring, suction filtration, water washing, filtering, drying, standing, granulating and grinding to obtain modified cellulose particles.
5. The method for plant cultivation in mining abandoned land according to claim 1, wherein the multifunctional adsorption film in the step (3) has a hollow structure, the specific surface area is 1250 m2/g to 1300 m2/g, the pore size is 1nm to 10nm, and the micropores account for 70% -80%.
6. The method for plant cultivation in mine waste land as claimed in claim 1, wherein said water absorbing particles of step (4) are super absorbent cation exchange resins.
7. The method for plant cultivation in mine waste land as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step (4) of tailing nutrient soil is prepared by the steps of:
I. Uniformly mixing soil around the restored land with nearby domestic sludge in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a tailing sludge mixture;
And II, mixing the tailing sludge obtained in the step I, and performing acidizing treatment, stirring, compression and microwave treatment to obtain the tailing nutrient soil.
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| CN113210418A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-08-06 | 交大环境保护研究院(江苏)有限公司 | Method for repairing heavy metal pollution of mine soil by combining plant solid waste |
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