CN110191685B - 具有点凝固控制和算法的外科器械 - Google Patents

具有点凝固控制和算法的外科器械 Download PDF

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CN110191685B
CN110191685B CN201780083479.1A CN201780083479A CN110191685B CN 110191685 B CN110191685 B CN 110191685B CN 201780083479 A CN201780083479 A CN 201780083479A CN 110191685 B CN110191685 B CN 110191685B
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clamp arm
ultrasonic blade
surgical instrument
button
electrode
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CN110191685A (zh
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R·M·亚瑟
C·P·布德罗
K·G·登津格
C·诺特
E·T·维纳
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Ethicon LLC
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种外科器械,所述外科器械包括端部执行器,所述端部执行器具有超声刀(6942)和可相对于所述超声刀从打开位置朝向闭合位置运动的夹持臂(6944)。所述超声刀和所述夹持臂能够在所述打开位置接收组织,并且所述夹持臂能够在所述闭合位置抵靠所述超声刀夹紧组织。存在与所述夹持臂连接的第一电极(6946)以及与所述超声刀相关联的第二电极(6943)。所述电极能够将双极射频(RF)能量施加到所述端部执行器中捕获的组织。所述器械还具有用于激活所述超声刀以在所述端部执行器处提供切割和密封模式的第一按钮(6912)。还存在用于激活所述电极以在所述端部执行器处提供点凝固模式的第二按钮(6914)。

Description

具有点凝固控制和算法的外科器械
优先权
本专利申请要求以下专利的优先权:(1)2016年11月16日提交的名称为“Ultrasonic Surgical Shears with Contained Compound Lever Clamp Arm Actuator”的美国临时专利申请序列号62/422,698,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;(2)2017年5月19日提交的名称为“Ultrasonic and Electrosurgical Instrument with ReplaceableEnd Effector Features”的美国临时专利申请序列号62/508,720,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;以及(3)2017年6月14日提交的名称为“Ultrasonic and ElectrosurgicalInstrument with Removable Features”的美国临时专利申请序列号62/519,482,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
背景技术
多种外科器械包括端部执行器,该端部执行器具有刀元件,所述刀元件以超声频率振动以切割和/或密封组织(例如通过使组织细胞中的蛋白质变性)。这些器械包括将电功率转换成超声振动的压电元件,该超声振动沿着声波导传送到刀元件。可通过外科医生的技术以及对功率电平、刀刃、组织牵引力和刀压力的调节来控制切割和凝固的精度。
超声外科器械的示例包括HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000011
超声剪刀、HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000012
超声剪刀、HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000014
超声剪刀和HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000013
超声刀,上述全部器械均得自Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.(Cincinnati,Ohio)。此类装置的其它示例和相关概念在以下专利中公开:1994年6月21日公布的名称为“Clamp Coagulator/Cutting System forUltrasonic Surgical Instruments”的美国专利5,322,055,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;1999年2月23日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Clamp Coagulator ApparatusHaving Improved Clamp Mechanism”的美国专利5,873,873,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;1997年10月10日提交的名称为“Ultrasonic Clamp Coagulator Apparatus HavingImproved Clamp Arm Pivot Mount”的美国专利5,980,510,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2001年12月4日公布的名称为“Blades with Functional Balance Asymmetries foruse with Ultrasonic Surgical Instruments”的美国专利6,325,811,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2004年8月10日公布的名称为“Blades with Functional BalanceAsymmetries for Use with Ultrasonic Surgical Instruments”的美国专利6,773,444,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;以及2004年8月31日公布的名称为“Robotic SurgicalTool with Ultrasound Cauterizing and Cutting Instrument”的美国专利6,783,524,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
超声外科器械的其他示例在以下文献中公开:2006年4月13日公布的名称为“Tissue Pad for Use with an Ultrasonic Surgical Instrument”的美国公布2006/0079874,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年8月16日公布的名称为“UltrasonicDevice for Cutting and Coagulating”的美国公布2007/0191713,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年12月6日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Waveguide and Blade”的美国公布2007/0282333,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2008年8月21日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Cutting and Coagulating”的美国公布2008/0200940,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2014年1月7日公布的名称为“Ergonomic SurgicalInstruments”的美国专利8,623,027,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2015年5月5日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Device for Fingertip Control”的美国专利9,023,071,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;以及2013年6月11日公布的名称为“Rotating Transducer Mountfor Ultrasonic Surgical Instruments”的美国专利8,461,744,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;以及2013年11月26日公布的名称为“Ultrasonic Surgical InstrumentBlades”的美国专利8,591,536,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
一些超声外科器械可以包括无绳换能器,诸如在以下文献中公开的那些:2016年7月5日公布的名称为“Recharge System for Medical Devices”的美国专利9,381,058,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年5月10日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument withCharging Devices”的美国公布2012/0116265,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;和/或名称为“Energy-Based Surgical Instruments”的美国专利申请61/410,603,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
另外,一些超声外科器械可包括关节运动轴节段。此类超声外科器械的示例公开于以下专利中:2016年7月19日公布的名称为“Surgical Instruments with ArticulatingShafts”的美国专利9,393,037,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;以及2015年8月4日公布的名称为“Flexible Harmonic Waveguides/Blades for Surgical Instruments”的美国专利9,095,367,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
尽管已经制造和使用了若干外科器械和***,但据信在本发明人之前无人制造或使用所附权利要求中描述的本发明。
附图说明
尽管本说明书得出了具体地指出和明确地声明这种技术的权利要求,但是据信从下述的结合附图描述的某些示例将更好地理解这种技术,其中相似的参考标号指示相同的元件,并且其中:
图1A描绘了第一示例性外科器械的透视图,其中该器械的端部执行器处于打开构型;
图1B描绘了图1A的器械的透视图,其中端部执行器处于闭合构型;
图2描绘了图1A的器械的分解透视图;
图3描绘了图1A的器械的第一模块化组件的透视图;
图4描绘了图3的第一模块化组件的透视图,其中,为清楚起见,有目的地省略了所选择的部分;
图5描绘了图3的第一模块化组件的轴组件和刀片组件的透视图;
图6描绘了图5的轴组件和刀片组件的剖面透视图;
图7描绘了图1A的器械的联接构件的透视图;
图8描绘了图1A的器械的第二模块化组件的透视图;
图9描绘了图8的第二模块化组件的分解透视图;
图10描绘了图8的第二模块化组件的夹持臂组件和夹持垫组件的分解透视图;
图11描绘了图10的夹持臂组件的透视图;
图12描绘了沿图11的线12-12截取的图10的夹持臂组件的剖面侧视图;
图13A描绘了图8的第二模块化组件的透视图,其中,第二模块化组件与图5的轴组件对齐,以便将模块组件联接在一起;
图13B描绘了图8的第二模块化组件的透视图,其中,第二模块化组件***到图5的轴组件上方;
图13C描绘了图8的第二模块化组件的透视图,其中,第二模块化组件与图5的轴组件经由图7的联接构件联接;
图14A描绘了沿图13B的线14-14截取的图8的第二模块化组件的剖面侧视图,其中,第二模块化组件部分地***到图5的轴组件上方;
图14B描绘了沿图13B的线14-14截取的图8的第二模块化组件的剖面侧视图,其中,第二模块化组件进一步***到图5的轴组件上方;
图14C描绘了沿图13B的线14-14截取的图8的第二模块化组件的剖面侧视图,其中,第二模块化组件***到图5的轴组件上方,同时图7的联接构件朝向将轴组件与第二模块化组件联接的构型旋转;
图14D描绘了沿图13B的线14-14截取的图7的联接构件的剖面侧视图,其中,联接构件使图8的第二模块化组件与图5的轴组件连接;
图15A描绘了沿图14B的线15A-15A截取的图8的第二模块化组件的剖面前视图,其中,第二模块化组件***到图5的轴组件上方;
图15B描绘了沿图14C的线15B-15B截取的图8的第二模块化组件的剖面前视图,其中,第二模块化组件***到图5的轴组件上方,同时图7的联接构件朝向将轴组件与第二模块化组件联接的构型旋转;
图15C描绘了沿图14D的线15C-15C截取的图7的联接构件的剖面前视图,其中,联接构件使图8的第二模块化组件与图5的轴组件连接;
图16A描绘了与图5的轴组件联接的图8的第二模块化组件的剖面侧视图,其中,端部执行器处于打开构型;
图16B描绘了与图5的轴组件联接的图8的第二模块化组件的剖面侧视图,其中,端部执行器处于闭合构型;
图17描绘了第二示例性外科器械的透视图,其中该器械的端部执行器处于打开构型;
图18描绘了图17的器械的局部分解透视图;
图19描绘了图17的器械的夹持臂致动器的远侧端部的局部透视图;
图20描绘了图17的器械的轴组件和超声刀的透视图;
图21描绘了图17的器械的可移除夹持臂组件的透视图;
图22描绘了图21的夹持臂组件的分解透视图;
图23描绘了图22的夹持臂组件的夹持臂主体的近侧端部的局部透视图;
图24描绘了包括示例性柄部主体的第三示例性外科器械的局部透视图,其中柄部主体包括停用按钮;
图25描绘了图24的外科器械的局部透视图,其中示例性端部执行器处于打开位置并包括夹持臂和超声刀,夹持臂包括两个杆并且超声刀包括一个杆;
图26描绘了图24的柄部主体的局部透视图,其中按钮由夹持臂致动器接合;
图27描绘了图25的端部执行器的局部透视图,其中端部执行器处于中间位置;
图28描绘了图25的夹持臂的局部透视图,其中两个杆定位其中并间隔开;
图29示出了图25的夹持臂的局部透视图;以及
图30描绘了凝固方法的示意图。
附图并非旨在以任何方式进行限制,并且设想本技术的各种实施方案可以多种其它方式来执行,包括那些未必在附图中示出的方式。并入本说明书中并构成其一部分的附图示出了本技术的若干方面,并与说明书一起用于解释本技术的原理;然而,应当理解,本技术不限于所示出的精确布置。
具体实施方式
下面对本技术的某些示例的说明不应用于限制本技术的范围。从下面的描述而言,本技术的其它示例、特征、方面、实施方案和优点对于本领域的技术人员而言将变得显而易见,下面的描述以举例的方式进行,这是为实现本技术所设想的最好的方式中的一种方式。正如将意识到的,本文所述的技术能够具有其它不同的和明显的方面,所有这些方面均不脱离本技术。因此,附图和说明应被视为实质上是例示性的而非限制性的。
另外应当理解,本文所述的教导内容、表达方式、实施方案、示例等中的任何一者或多者可与本文所述的其它教导内容、表达方式、实施方案、示例等中的任何一者或多者相结合。因此,下述教导内容、表达方式、实施方案、实施例等不应视为彼此孤立。参考本文的教导内容,本文的教导内容可进行组合的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见。此类修改和变型旨在包括在权利要求书的范围内。
为公开内容的清楚起见,术语“近侧”和“远侧”在本文中相对于外科器械的人或机器人操作者而定义。术语“近侧”是指更靠近外科器械的人或机器人操作者并且更远离外科器械的外科端部执行器的元件位置。术语“远侧”是指更靠近外科器械的外科端部执行器并且更远离外科器械的人或机器人操作者的元件位置。此外,术语“上”、“下”、“侧向”、“横向”、“底部”和“顶部”是相对术语,用于使下文提供的附图说明更加清晰。因此,术语“上”、“下”、“侧向”、“横向”、“底部”和“顶部”并不旨在不必要地限制本文所述的发明。
I.用于开放式外科手术的第一示例性超声外科器械
图1A至图2以及图13A至图13C示出了第一示例性超声外科器械(10)。器械(10)的至少一部分可以根据以下专利的教导内容中的至少一些教导内容进行构造和操作:美国专利5,322,055;美国专利5,873,873;美国公布5,980,510;美国专利6,325,811;美国公布6,773,444;美国公布6,783,524;美国公布2006/0079874;美国公布2007/0191713;美国公布2007/0282333;美国公布2008/0200940;美国公布8,623,027;美国公布9,023,071;美国公布8,461,744;美国公布9,381,058;美国公布2012/0116265;美国公布9,393,037;美国公布9,095,367;美国专利申请61/410,603;和/或美国专利公布2015/0080924。上述专利、公布和申请中的每一者的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。除此之外或另选地,器械(10)的至少一部分可以根据以下专利的教导内容中的至少一些教导内容进行构造和操作:2017年4月20日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Dual Mode End Effector and CompoundLever with Detents”的美国公布2017/0105755,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;和/或2016年7月18日提交的标题为“Surgical Instrument with Dual Mode End Effector”的美国临时专利申请62/363,411的优先权,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
如在下文中更详细描述的,器械(10)能够操作以基本上同时切割组织和密封或焊接组织(例如,血管等)。还应当理解,器械(10)可具有与HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000061
超声剪(HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000062
Ultrasonic Shears)、HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000063
超声剪(HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000064
UltrasonicShears)、HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000065
超声剪(HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000066
Ultrasonic Shears)和/或HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000067
超声刀(HARMONIC
Figure BDA0002129837460000068
Ultrasonic Blades)的各种结构和功能上的相似处。此外,器械(10)可具有与在本文中引述和以引用方式并入的其他参考文献中任一个教导的装置的各种结构和功能上的相似处。
本示例中的器械(10)包括第一模块化组件(100)、第二模块化组件(200)和联接构件(300)。如下文将更详细地描述的,联接构件(300)可以选择性地使第一模块化组件(100)与第二模块化组件(200)附接,以便形成具有端部执行器(12)的器械(10)。如图1A至图1B中最佳所见,端部执行器(12)包括超声刀(150)以及夹持垫组件(220)的夹持垫(222)。
另外,如下文将更详细地描述的,第二模块化组件(200)的所选部分可以相对于第一模块化组件(100)致动(当其彼此适当地附接时),以便将端部执行器(12)从打开构型(图1A和图16A)致动到闭合构型(图1B和图16B)。选择性地使第二模块化组件(200)与第一模块化组件(100)附接和分离的能力可以提供任一模块化组件(100,200)可重复使用的附加益处。例如,不同种类的第一模块化组件(100)可以与第二模块化组件(200)一起使用,以提供不同种类的外科器械。类似地,不同种类的第二模块化组件(200)可以与第一模块化组件(100)一起使用,以提供不同种类的外科器械。另外,第二模块化组件(200)的运动部件可以容纳在第二模块化组件(200)的静态部件内,这可以提供附加优点,这些附加优点中的一些在下文中有所描述,而根据本文的教导内容,这些附加优点中的其余优点对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
第一模块化组件(100)包括柄部组件(110)、从柄部组件(110)朝远侧延伸的轴组件(130)、以及从轴组件(130)朝远侧延伸的超声刀(150)。柄部组件(110)包括主体(112)、手指握环(124)、在手指握环(124)远侧的一对按钮(126)、以及容纳在主体(112)内的超声换能器组件(30)。
轴组件(130)包括从主体(112)朝远侧延伸的近侧外部护套(132)、从近侧外部护套(132)朝远侧延伸的管(138)、以及在近侧外部护套(132)和管(138)内延伸并延伸穿过该近侧外部护套和管的波导(140)。近侧外部护套(132)包括一对突起部(136)。另外,近侧外部护套(132)限定一对凹陷部(134)。如下文将更详细地描述的,凹陷部(134)的尺寸被定成与远侧外部护套(230)的一部分配合,而突起部(136)被构造成使近侧外部护套(132)与联接构件(300)枢转地联接。凹陷部(134)和突起部(136)均可以有助于使第一模块化组件(100)与联接构件(300)联接。
近侧外部护套(132)可以相对于主体(112)固定,而管(138)可以相对于近侧外部护套(132)固定。如下文将更详细地描述的,波导(140)可以附接到换能器组件(30),并且由近侧外部护套(132)和管(138)的一部分支撑。超声刀(150)可以整体连接到波导(140),并且还从波导(140)朝远侧延伸。如下文将更详细地描述的,波导(140)能够操作以连接到超声换能器组件(30),以便在超声刀(150)与换能器组件(30)之间提供声学通信。
参考图4,超声换能器组件(30)容纳在柄部组件(110)的主体(112)内。如图1A至图1B中所见,换能器组件(30)经由插塞(11)与发生器(5)联接。换能器组件(30)从发生器(5)接收电力并且通过压电原理将所述电力转换成超声振动。发生器(5)可包括功率源和控制模块,该功率源和控制模块被构造成能够向换能器组件(30)提供特别适于通过换能器组件(30)来产生超声振动的功率分布。发生器(5)也可以被构造成能够能够提供使端部执行器(12)能够将RF电外科能量施加到组织的功率分布。
仅以举例的方式,发生器(5)可包括由Ethicon Endo-Surgery公司(Cincinnati,Ohio)出售的GEN 300。除此之外或另选地,发生器(未示出)可以根据下述专利的教导内容中的至少一些教导内容进行构造:2015年3月24日发布的名称为“Surgical Generator forUltrasonic and Electrosurgical Devices”的美国专利8,986,302,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。还应当理解,发生器(5)的功能中的至少一些可整合到柄部组件(110)中,并且柄部组件(110)甚至可包括电池或其他板载功率源,使得插塞(11)被省去。参考本文的教导内容,发生器(5)可采取的另一些其他合适的形式、以及发生器(5)可提供的各种特征结构和可操作性对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
由换能器组件(30)产生的超声振动沿着声波导(140)(当正确地联接时)传送。波导(140)与换能器组件(30)机械地和声学地联接。波导(140)延伸通过轴组件(130)至到达超声刀(150)中。波导(140)可以经由延伸穿过波导(140)和近侧外部护套(132)的销(135)固定到近侧外部护套(132)和/或主体(112)。当波导(140)处于未激活状态(即,未超声振动)时,销(135)可以有助于确保波导(140)相对于轴组件(130)的其余部分保持纵向和旋转固定。
另外,波导(140)可以由管(138)经由位于管(138)的内部与波导(140)的外部之间的密封件(142)来支撑。密封件(142)还可以防止不需要的物质和流体进入管(138)的容纳波导(140)的部分。销(135)和密封件(142)位于沿对应于与通过波导(140)传送的谐振超声振动相关联的节点的波导(140)的长度的位置处。因此,波导(140)和销(135)之间的接触以及波导(140)和密封件(142)之间的接触可能不会影响通过波导(154)传送的超声振动。
当超声刀(150)处于激活状态(即,正发生超声振动)时,超声刀(150)能够操作以有效地切穿并密封组织,当组织正被夹持在夹持垫(222)与超声刀(150)之间时尤为如此。应当理解,波导(140)可被构造成能够放大通过波导(140)传输的机械振动。此外,波导(140)可包括能够操作以控制沿着波导(140)的纵向振动的增益的特征部和/或用于将波导(140)调谐为***的谐振频率的特征部。
在本实施方案中,超声刀(150)的远侧端部位于与通过波导(140)传送的谐振超声振动相关的波腹对应的位置处,以便当声学组件不被组织加载时将声学组件调谐为优选的谐振频率fo。当换能器组件(30)通电时,超声刀(150)的远侧端部被构造成能够以例如55.5kHz的预先确定的振动频率fo在例如大约10至500微米峰间范围内,且在一些情况下在约20至约200微米的范围内纵向运动。当本示例的换能器组件(30)被激活时,这些机械振荡通过波导(140)传输到超声刀(150),从而提供超声刀(150)以谐振超声频率进行的振荡。因此,当将组织固定在超声刀(150)和夹持垫(222)之间时,超声刀(150)的超声振荡可同时切断组织,并且使相邻组织细胞中的蛋白质变性,由此提供具有相对较少热扩散的促凝效果。
在一些型式中,也可通过超声刀(150)和/或夹持垫(222)提供电流以同样密封组织。因此,应当理解,器械(10)还可以被构造成能够经由端部执行器(12)向外科部位提供射频(RF)能量。仅以举例的方式,操作者可主要依靠使用刀(150)的超声能量来切断在超声刀(150)和夹持垫(222)之间捕获的组织。操作者还可依靠使用端部执行器(12)的RF能量来密封切断的组织。当然,应当理解,刀(150)的超声能量可在某种程度上密封组织,使得端部执行器(12)的RF能量可补充已经由超声能量所提供的密封。还将理解的是,可能存在这样的情况,其中操作者可能只是希望使用端部执行器(12)仅将RF能量施加到组织,而不是也将超声能量施加到组织。从本文的描述应当理解,器械(10)的一些型式能够提供所有上述类型的功能。在本文引用的各种参考文献中描述了可以构造并且能够操作器械(10)以提供超声和RF电外科操作模式的各种方式;根据本文的教导内容,但可以构造并且能够操作器械(10)以提供超声和RF电外科操作模式的其他方式对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
操作者可激活按钮(126)以选择性地激活换能器组件(30),从而激活超声刀(150)。在本实施例中,提供了两个按钮(126)。在一些型式中,提供一个按钮(126)以用于在第一功率分布(例如,第一频率和/或第一幅度)处启动超声刀(150),并且提供另一个按钮(126)以用于在第二功率分布(例如,第二频率和/或第二幅度)处启动超声刀(150)。在一些其他型式中,提供一个按钮(126)用于以超声能量启动超声刀(150),而提供另一个按钮(126)用于以RF能量启动端部执行器(12)。在一些其他型式中,能够操作一个按钮(126)以利用超声能量激活超声刀(150),同时利用RF能量激活端部执行器(12);而仅能够操作另一个按钮(126)以利用超声能量激活超声刀(150)。在一些其他型式中,能够操作至少一个按钮(126)以最初利用超声能量激活超声刀(150),然后基于一个或多个其他条件(例如,时间、测量的阻抗等),同时保持按钮(126)激活,最终利用RF能量激活端部执行器(12),同时仍然利用超声能量激活超声刀(150)。在一些其他型式中,能够操作至少一个按钮(126)以最初利用超声能量激活超声刀(150),然后基于一个或多个其他条件(例如,时间、测量的阻抗等),同时保持按钮(126)激活,最终利用RF能量激活端部执行器(12),同时停止利用超声能量激活超声刀(150)。在一些其他型式中,能够操作至少一个按钮(126)以最初利用RF能量激活端部执行器(12),然后基于一个或多个其他条件(例如,时间、测量的阻抗等),同时保持按钮(126)激活,最终利用超声能量激活超声刀(150),同时停止利用RF能量激活端部执行器(12)。
然而,应当理解,可以提供任何其他合适数量的按钮和/或以其他可选择的功率电平和/或功率模态。例如,可提供脚踏开关以选择性地启动换能器组件(30)。
本示例的按钮(126)被定位成使得操作者可易于完全用单手操作器械(10)。例如,当第一模块化组件(100)和第二模块化组件(200)联接时,操作者可以将其拇指定位在拇指握环(214)中,将其无名指定位在手指握环(124)中,将其中指定位在主体(112)周围,并且使用其食指来操纵按钮(126)。当然,可使用任何其他合适的技术来握持和操作器械(10);并且按钮(126)可位于任何其它合适的位置。
如上所述,并且如下文将描述的,联接构件(300)被构造成能够选择性地将第一模块化组件(100)与第二模块化组件(200)联接。如图7中最佳所见,联接构件(300)包括主体(302)、从主体(302)延伸的一对弹性臂(304)、以及从主体(302)延伸的一对握持部(305)。弹性臂(304)各自限定相应枢转孔(306)和锁定组件(308)。弹性臂(304)彼此间隔开,以便接收近侧外部护套(132)并且使枢转孔(306)与相应突起部(136)卡扣配合。因此,如图13B至图13C以及图14B至图14C所示,联接构件(300)被构造成能够经由枢转孔(306)和突起部(136)与近侧外部护套(132)枢转地连接。尽管在当前示例中,联接构件(300)和近侧外部护套(132)经由卡扣配合枢转地联接,但根据本文的教导内容,对于本领域普通技术人员显而易见的是,可以使用任何其他类型的合适连接。例如,突起部(136)可以相对于近侧外部护套(132)延伸,以便与联接构件(300)的枢转孔(306)枢转地联接。握持部(305)可以定位在主体(302)上,使得操作者可以经由握持部(305)容易地使联接构件(300)相对于外部护套(132)旋转。
每个锁定组件(308)包括面向彼此的内部接触壁(310)和联接凹陷部(312)。如下文将更详细地描述的,锁定组件(308)被构造成能够围绕枢转孔(306)和突起部(136)旋转,以便选择性地与第二模块化组件(200)的一部分联接。
尽管当前示例中的联接构件(300)用于将第一模块化组件(100)与第二模块化组件(200)连接,但应当理解,联接构件(300)可以结合到任何合适类型的模块化组件中,根据本文的教导内容,该任何合适类型的模块化组件对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。例如,可以修改联接组件(300)以使不同的模块化夹持臂组件与第一模块化组件(100)联接,其中,不同的模块化夹持臂组件包括诸如以下专利中教导的那些夹持臂组件:2017年4月20日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Dual Mode End Effector andModular Clamp Arm Assembly”的美国公布2017/0105788,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。因此,可与第一模块化组件(100)联接的一个模块化夹持臂组件可以在超声刀(150)的一侧处提供夹持臂的枢转运动,而可与第一模块化组件(100)联接的另一模块化夹持臂组件可以在超声刀(150)的另一侧处提供夹持臂的枢转运动。根据本文的教导内容,可用于提供不同类型的第二模块化组件(200)的其他合适类型的夹持臂组件对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
第二模块化组件(200)包括夹持臂组件(210)、夹持垫组件(220)和远侧外部护套(230)。如下文将更详细地描述的,远侧外部护套(230)被构造成能够与联接构件(300)和近侧外部护套(132)联接,以便选择性地使第一模块化组件(100)与第二模块化组件(200)联接。换句话讲,当适当地联接时,近侧外部护套(132)和远侧外部护套(230)可以相对于彼此固定。如下文同样将更详细地描述的,夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)均与远侧外部护套(230)枢转地联接。另外,夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)的尺寸被定成彼此啮合,使得一个组件(210,220)相对于远侧外部护套(230)的旋转引起另一组件(210,220)相对于远侧外部护套(230)的旋转。换句话讲,夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)能够各自相对于远侧外部护套(230)旋转。
远侧外部护套(230)包括U形主体(232),其从远侧面(235)延伸并终止于一对朝近侧呈现的突出部(234)。朝近侧呈现的突出部(234)各自包括远离U形主体(232)延伸的侧向突起部(238)。U形主体(232)限定纵向通路(236)和多个孔(240)。U形主体(232)和纵向通路(236)的尺寸被定成接收管(138)并可旋转地容纳夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)的一部分。具体地讲,如图13A至图13B最佳所见,U形主体(232)可以***到超声刀(150)和管(138)上方,使得管(138)将安置在夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)下方。管(138)可以保护波导(140),使得夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)不接触相邻的波导(140)部分。
如图13A至图13B以及图14A至14B所示,朝近侧呈现的突出部(234)被构造成能够***到由近侧外部护套(132)限定的凹陷部(134)中。当朝近侧呈现的突出部(234)***到凹陷部(134)中时,远侧外部护套(230)可以不围绕由管(138)限定的纵向轴线相对于近侧外部护套(132)旋转。因此,朝近侧呈现的突出部(234)可以与凹陷部(134)配合,以便相对于近侧外部护套(132)可旋转地固定远侧外部护套(230)。
如图13B至图13C、图14B至图14D以及图15A至图15C所示,一旦远侧外部护套(230)相对于近侧外部护套(132)可旋转地固定,则操作者可以旋转联接构件(300),使得锁定组件(308)与侧向突起部(238)卡扣配合。具体地讲,操作者可以使联接构件(300)围绕突起部(136)旋转,使得侧向突起部(238)以凸轮作用弹性臂(304)的接触壁(310)。因此,如图15B中最佳所见,接触壁(310)与侧向突起部(238)之间的接触使弹性臂(304)远离朝近侧呈现的突出部(234)向外弯曲。操作者可以使联接构件(300)围绕突起部(136)进一步旋转,使得侧向突起部(238)不再邻接接触壁(310),如图13C、图14C和图15C中所示。弹性臂(304)的弹性性质允许弹性臂(304)返回到松弛位置,使得侧向突起部(238)安置在锁定组件(308)的联接凹陷部(312)内。在联接构件(300)的锁定组件(308)完全附接的情况下,并且如图13C、图14D和图15C中所示,远侧外部护套(230)相对于近侧外部护套(132)纵向固定,从而使第一模块化组件(100)与第二模块化组件(200)联接。
如果操作者希望使第一模块化组件(100)与第二模块化组件(200)脱离,则操作者可以抓握握持部(305)以使联接构件(300)在相反方向上围绕突起部(136)旋转,以便使弹性臂(304)弯曲,从而使侧向突起部(238)从联接凹陷部(312)中弹出。
如上所述,夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)均与远侧外部护套(230)枢转联接,使得一个组件(210,220)相对于远侧外部护套(230)的旋转引起另一组件(210,220)相对于远侧外部护套(230)的旋转。
夹持臂组件(210)包括细长臂(212)、拇指握环(214)、凸轮突起部(216)和枢转联接件(218)。拇指握环(214)和细长臂(212)一起与主体(112)和手指握环(124)组合提供剪刀式握持部类型构型。枢转联接件(218)经由销(202)使夹持臂组件(210)与远侧外部护套(230)枢转地联接。如下文将更详细地描述的,凸轮突起部(216)与夹持垫组件(220)相互作用,以便响应于夹持臂组件(210)的旋转而使夹持垫组件(220)旋转。
夹持垫组件(220)包括面向超声刀(150)的夹持垫(222)、定位成邻近超声刀(150)且靠近夹持垫(222)的一对组织止动件(223)、限定凸轮凹陷部(226)和弹簧凹陷部(221)两者的臂(224)、枢转联接件(228)、及容纳在弹簧凹陷部(221)内的片簧(225)。在一些型式中,夹持垫组件(220)还包括能够操作以将RF电外科能量施加到组织的一个或多个电极。本文的各种参考文献提供了夹持垫组件可以如何结合能够操作以将RF电外科能量施加到组织的一个或多个电极的示例,而根据本文的教导内容,夹持垫组件(220)可以如何结合能够操作以将RF电外科能量施加到组织的一个或多个电极的其他示例对本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
在当前示例中,当端部执行器(12)处于闭合位置时,组织止动件(223)与远侧面(235)纵向对齐。组织止动件(223)和远侧面(235)可以协作以一致且简单地防止组织意外到达端部执行器(12)内的近侧位置,其中来自刀片(150)的超声能量可能不足以切断或密封组织。在提供此类预防时,组织止动件(223)可以避免需要操作者来使端部执行器(12)的近侧区域可视化,以便确定组织是否已经到达端部执行器(12)内的非期望近侧位置。
凸轮突起部(216)的尺寸被定成在凸轮凹陷部(226)内旋转,同时还接触凸轮凹陷部(226)。凸轮突起部(216)和凸轮凹陷部(226)定位在远侧外部护套(230)内,使得两者均定位在枢转联接件(218,228)之间,同时夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)枢转地联接到远侧外部护套(230)。因此,如图1A至图1B以及图16A至图16B所示,当操作者使细长臂(212)围绕枢转联接件(218)朝向远侧外部护套(230)旋转时,凸轮突起部(216)围绕枢转联接件(218)远离远侧外部护套(230)旋转。由于凸轮突起部(216)容纳在凸轮凹陷部(226)内,凸轮突起部(216)围绕枢转联接件(218)的向上运动引起凸轮凹陷部(226)围绕枢转联接件(228)的向上运动。凸轮凹陷部(226)围绕枢转联接件(228)的向上运动使臂(224)旋转,使得夹持垫(222)朝向超声刀(150)旋转。因此,夹持臂组件(210)的细长臂(212)朝向柄部组件(110)的闭合导致夹持垫(222)朝向超声刀(150)闭合。因此,应当理解,当第一模块化组件(100)和第二模块化组件(200)连接时,操作者可以使拇指握环(214)朝向主体(112)挤压,从而将组织夹持在夹持垫组件(220)与超声刀(150)之间,以抵靠超声刀(150)压缩组织。当在此类压缩期间启动超声刀(150)时,夹持垫组件(220)和超声刀(150)配合以横切和/或密封压缩组织。
如上所述,片簧(225)容纳在弹簧凹陷部(221)内。如图16A至图16B中最佳所见,片簧(225)的尺寸被定成使得片簧(225)的一部分延伸出弹簧凹陷部(221)以与管(138)接触,以便在端部执行器(12)的一个或多个RF电极与电源之间提供电连续性。应当理解,片簧(225)在夹持垫组件(220)的整个运动范围内保持这种电连续性。还应当理解,可以利用任何其他合适类型的特征来提供端部执行器(12)的一个或多个RF电极与电源之间的电连续性。
在一些型式中,使用一个或多个弹性构件朝向图1A和图16A所示的打开位置偏压夹持垫组件(220)。当然,可以使用任何其他合适类型的弹性构件诸如扭力弹簧,根据本文的教导内容,这些弹性构件对本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。另选地,并非必须朝向打开位置偏压夹持垫组件(220)。
相比于与远侧外部护套(230)的外部枢转联接的夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220),定位在远侧外部护套(230)的纵向通路(236)内的夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)的枢转联接件(218,228)可以提供某些期望的优点。例如,由于夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)旋转(其中枢转联接件(218,228)容纳在U形主体(232)内),这使意外夹捏组织的几率降低。换句话讲,U形主体(232)可以通过使夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)相对于远侧外部护套(230)旋转来保护组织免于被意外地夹捏。另外,由于枢转联接件(218,228)容纳在远侧外部护套(230)的纵向通路(236)内,第二模块化组件(200)的宽度可以减小。由于夹持臂组件(210)和夹持垫组件(220)的简化形状,制造期望部件也可能更容易。公差叠堆的减小对于将枢转联接件(218,228)存储在远侧外部护套(230)的内部内也可能是有利的。
器械(10)的上述部件和可操作性仅为示例性的。如参考本文的教导内容,器械(10)可以多种其他方式进行构造,这对本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。仅以举例的方式,器械(10)的至少一部分可根据以下专利中的任一个专利的至少一些教导内容来构造和/或操作,这些专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文:美国专利5,322,055;美国专利5,873,873;美国公布5,980,510;美国专利6,325,811;美国公布6,783,524;美国公布2006/0079874;美国公布2007/0191713;美国公布2007/0282333;美国公布2008/0200940;美国公布9,023,071;美国公布8,461,744;美国公布9,381,058;美国公布2012/0116265;美国公布9,393,037;美国公布9,095,367;和/或2015年3月19日公布的名称为“Alignment Featuresfor Ultrasonic Surgical Instrument”的美国公布2015/0080925,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
II.用于开放式外科手术的第二示例性超声外科器械
图17至图18示出了第二示例性超声外科器械(301)。除下文另外描述的之外,该示例的器械(301)可以像上述器械(10)那样来构造和操作。因此,以下描述中将省略器械(301)的某些细节,应当理解,这些细节已经在上文对器械(10)的描述中提供。
本示例的器械(301)包括柄部组件(311)、夹持臂致动器(320)、轴组件(330)和夹持臂组件(400)。像上文所述的柄部组件(110)的构造和操作那样来构造和操作该示例的柄部组件(311),使得此处将不再重复柄部组件(311)的细节。
夹持臂致动器(320)与轴组件(330)枢转地联接。在本示例中,夹持臂致动器(320)不能从轴组件(330)移除。本示例的夹持臂致动器(320)包括轴(322)。拇指环(324)定位在轴(322)的近侧端部处。如图18至图19中最佳所见,一对突出部(326)从轴(322)朝远侧延伸。突出部(326)彼此侧向间隔开并且平行于彼此延伸。如图19中最佳所见,每个突出部(326)的远侧端部包括凸轮突起部(328)。凸轮突起部(328)以类似于凸轮突起部(216)的方式被构造成能够与夹持臂组件(400)协作,如下文将描述的。同样如图19中最佳所见,突出部(326)还限定被构造成能够接收销(338)的一对销开口(327)。销(338)在夹持臂致动器(320)和轴组件(330)之间提供可枢转的联接。
轴组件(330)从柄部组件(311)朝远侧延伸,并且与上述轴组件(130)基本上相同,但存在下文所述的差异。与上文所述的超声刀(150)相同的超声刀(350)定位在轴组件(130)的远侧端部处。如图20中最佳所见,轴组件(330)限定开口(332),该开口被构造成能够接收销(338),以从而在夹持臂致动器(320)与轴组件(330)之间提供可枢转的联接。仍如图20所示,轴组件(330)包括倾斜闩锁突起部(334),该倾斜闩锁突起部被构造成能够接合夹持臂组件(400),如下文将更详细地描述的。
如图21至图22中所示,本示例的夹持臂组件(400)包括部分地包围夹持臂主体(430)的一对护罩(402,404),该夹持臂主体与固定主体(410)可枢转地联接。每个护罩包括朝远侧呈现的组织止挡件边缘(408)。固定主体(410)也包括一对朝远侧呈现的组织止挡件边缘(418)。边缘(408,418)被构造成能够一致地协作并限制组织的近侧定位,如上文所述的组织止挡件(223)和远侧面(235)。本示例的护罩(404)还包括朝远侧突出的蔽罩构件(406)。
本示例的固定主体(410)还包括销开口(411)以及朝近侧突出的闩锁构件(412)。闩锁构件(412)限定闩锁开口(414)和滑道(416)。闩锁构件(412)被构造成能够与轴组件(330)的闩锁突起部(334)协作,以选择性地将夹持臂组件(400)固定到轴组件(330)。具体地讲,当最初与轴组件(330)分开提供夹持臂组件(400)时,操作者可以将夹持臂组件(400)与轴组件(330)沿公共轴线对齐,然后将刀(350)以及轴组件(330)的其余远侧部分***到夹持臂组件(400)中。滑道(416)最终将接合闩锁突起部(334),这将提供使闩锁构件(412)偏离纵向轴线的凸轮作用。当操作者继续穿过夹持臂组件(400)***轴组件(330)时,闩锁突起部(334)最终到达闩锁开口(414),此时,闩锁构件(412)弹性地返回到竖直的未偏转状态。在该阶段,闩锁突起部(334)设置在闩锁开口(414)中,并且从而将夹持臂组件(400)固定到轴组件(330)。当操作者希望从轴组件(330)移除夹持臂组件(400)时,操作者可以简单地接合滑道(416),并且从而将闩锁构件(412)推动到偏转状态,在该偏转状态下,闩锁构件(412)可以清除闩锁突起部(334);然后将夹持臂组件(400)拉离轴组件(330)。根据本文的教导内容,可用于将夹持臂组件(400)固定到轴组件(330)以及从轴组件(330)移除夹持臂组件(400)的其他合适的结构和技术对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
本示例的夹持臂主体(430)包括夹持垫(432)以及一对近侧突起部(434)。夹持垫(432)被定位并构造成在夹持臂组件(400)固定到轴组件(330)抵靠超声刀(350)压缩组织。护罩(404)的蔽罩构件(406)被构造成能够在夹持臂主体(430)的远侧端部的外部上方延伸,而不覆盖夹持垫(432)。因此,蔽罩构件(406)使得夹持垫(432)能够直接接触组织。突出部(438)各自包括相应的朝近侧呈现的凹陷部(436)以及一对销开口(438)。销(440)定位在销开口(411,438)中,以从而使夹持臂主体(430)与固定主体(410)枢转地联接。护罩(402,404)固定地固定到夹持臂主体(430),使得护罩(402,404)相对于固定主体(410)随夹持臂主体(430)枢转。
如图23中所示,凹陷部(436)具有大致呈U形的构型。凹陷部(436)被构造成能够接收夹持臂致动器(320)的凸轮突起部(328)。换句话讲,当轴组件(330)如上文所描述的那样***到夹持臂组件(400)中时,当闩锁构件(412)到达闩锁构件(412)将夹持臂组件(400)固定到轴组件(330)的位置时,凸轮突起部(328)将进入凹陷部(436)。当操作者从轴组件(330)移除夹持臂组件(400)时,凸轮突起部(328)可以自由地离开凹陷部(436),因为夹持臂致动器(320)保持固定到轴组件(330)。如图17中最佳所见,护罩(402,404)被构造成能够覆盖凹陷部(436)与凸轮突起部(328)之间的界面。应当理解,凹陷部(436)与凸轮突起部(328)之间的关系与上文所述的凸轮突起部(216)与凸轮凹陷部(226)之间的关系基本上相同。因此,凹陷部(436)和凸轮突起部(328)在夹持臂主体(430)和夹持臂致动器(320)之间提供枢转联接。
如上所述,夹持臂致动器(320)经由销(338)与轴组件(330)枢转地联接;并且夹持臂主体(430)经由销(440)与固定主体(410)枢转地联接;同时,固定主体(410)固定地固定到轴组件(330)。凹陷部(436)和凸轮突起部(328)之间的枢转界面纵向地定位在销(338,440)的纵向位置之间。因此,应当理解,夹持臂致动器(320)和夹持臂主体(430)协作以提供复式杠杆组件。当操作者使拇指环(324)朝向柄部组件(311)枢转时,复式杠杆动作提供夹持垫(432)朝向超声刀(350)的对应枢转运动。
在本示例中,弹性梁(313)固定到夹持臂致动器(320)并且可滑动地支承轴组件(330),使得弹性梁(313)弹性地推动夹持臂致动器(320)远离柄部组件(311)。因此,当操作者放松对拇指环(324)的握持时,弹性梁(313)将推动拇指环(324)远离柄部组件(311),从而推动夹持垫(432)远离超声刀(350)。当然,可以使用任何其他合适的部件和布置来提供对夹持臂致动器(320)的弹性偏压。另选地,可以简单地省略这种弹性偏压。
III.具有点凝固模式的示例性外科器械
在一些情况下,超声外科器械为操作者提供定制操作模式,特别是点凝固模式可能是有益的。当向患者的组织提供超声和/或RF能量(诸如在患者的组织上执行点凝固)时,改善超声外科器械(诸如以上讨论的外科器械(10,301))在端部执行器(12)处形成预定间隙的能力可能是期望的。与在端部执行器(12)处形成预定间隙相关的示例性器械和特征在与本申请于同一日期提交的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Selectively ActuatedGap-Setting Features for End Effector”的美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END8130USNP2.0652948],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。本文的教导内容可与美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END8130USNP2.0652948]的教导内容结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
现在参考附图,图24示出了可操作以在切割/密封模式与点凝固模式之间转换的第三示例性外科器械(6900)。如图25所示,外科器械(6900)的端部执行器(6940)包括超声刀(6942)和夹持臂(6944)。夹持臂(6944)包括顶垫(6945)和底垫(6947),其中顶垫(6945)包括第一杆(6946)并且底垫包括第二杆(6948)。第一杆(6946)是容器密封电极,或者更通常称为阴极的负电极。超声刀(6492)可操作地连接到外科器械(6900)中的换能器(未示出)。第二杆(6948)是射频(RF)电极,或者更通常称为阳极的正电极。如图28最佳所示,顶垫(6945)和底垫(6947)在夹持臂(6944)内通过间隙(6949)间隔开。在一些型式中,电绝缘材料可以限定间隙(6949)或者定位在间隙(6949)的位置中,其中间隙(6949)另外是顶垫(6945)与底垫(6947)之间的空隙空间。超声刀(6942)包括第三杆(6943),如图25所示。类似于第二杆(6948),第三杆(6943)是射频(RF)电极,或者更通常称为阳极的正电极。在一些型式中,第三杆(6943)是以电极表面或施加到或以其他方式集成到形成超声刀(6942)的材料中的其他表面的形式。在一些其他型式中,整个超声刀(6942)用作第三杆(6943)。
夹持臂(6944)的第二杆(6948)被定位成朝近侧面向超声刀(6942)的第三杆(6943)。间隙(6949)被构造成能够以预定横向距离将第一杆(6946)与第二杆(6948)分开。在第二杆(6948)与超声刀(6942)的第三杆(6943)之间形成另一个间隙(6960)。
在本示例中,如图24所示,柄部主体(6910)包括第一按钮(6912)和第二按钮(6914)。第一按钮(6912)从柄部主体(6910)朝向夹持臂致动器(6930)横向延伸并且被构造成能够激活外科器械(6900)的切割/密封模式。当夹持臂致动器(6930)朝向柄部主体(6910)运动并抵靠第一按钮(6912)接合时,第一按钮(6912)变为致动,如图26所示。在这种情况下,超声刀(6942)构造成抵靠夹持臂(6944)闭合到闭合位置,如图27所示。
第二按钮(6914)被构造成能够激活外科器械(6900)的点凝固模式。在由操作者致动第二按钮(6914)的情况下,点凝固模式被启动并被构造成能够操作算法以激活夹持臂(6944)的杆(6946,6948)和超声刀(6942)的第三杆(6943)。点凝固模式被构造成能够在端部执行器(6940)处保持预定间隙(6960),其中夹持臂致动器(6930)相对于柄部主体(6910)运动到至少预定程度。换句话讲,只要满足夹持臂致动器(6930)朝向柄部主体(6910)的预定最小运动程度,点凝固模式就被构造成能够保持预定间隙(6960),而不管夹持臂致动器(6930)与柄部主体(6910)的相对位置如何。因此,在第二按钮(6914)被激活且第一按钮(6912)未被接合的情况下,点凝固模式被构造成能够在夹持臂致动器(6930)相对于柄部主体(6910)未运动到至少预定最小程度时停用。
点凝固模式进一步构造成保持活动,直到第二按钮(6914)被致动,或者直到夹持臂致动器(6930)接合第一按钮(6912),其中夹持臂致动器(6930)相对于柄部主体(1910)运动到闭合构型。此外,点凝固模式被构造成能够在夹持臂致动器(6930)基本上朝向柄部主体(6910)运动但不接合第一按钮(6912)的情况下停用。在这种情况下,由于位于超声刀(6942)和夹持臂(6944)之间的微不足道的空间,点凝固模式的算法感知端部执行器(6940)处于闭合位置,并且因此被构造成能够停用点凝固模式。
IV.凝固算法
如图30所示,提供了一种方法(9400)以能够利用高级双极(RF)和超声能量的同时激活来连续激活点凝固。点凝固提出了挑战,因为该装置必须连续激活空气和组织中的潜在能量,并且在一些环境中,由于检测到高阻抗,高级双极(RF)能量在空气中激活时可能会短路。
在该双能量方法(9400)中,高级双极(RF)模式可以产生对组织的强烈密封,而超声激活通过平衡刀和夹持垫/臂(诸如器械(10)的超声刀(150)和夹持垫(222))上的热效应来减少粘附量。
一般来讲,方法(9400)涉及将组织接触之间的超声和RF能量中的一者或两者降低到低能量水平,而不会完全停止能量,因为许多能量产生元件不能支持快速停止和启动所产生的能量。在检测到组织接触时,将低能量水平增加到工作能量水平以执行点凝固。在释放组织接触时,将工作能量水平减少到低能量水平并且循环重复。并非完全停止组织接触之间的RF和/或超声能量,而是在组织接触之间提供低能量水平以防止从无能量转换到工作能量水平,这可能产生大量的血液飞溅。
方法(9400)开始于步骤(9402),由此外科医生激活点凝固装置。此后,步骤(9402)运动到步骤(9404)。在步骤(9404)中,装置输出低RF脉冲以查询组织以及输出亚治疗超声激活以保持锁定。在方法(9400)的一些型式中,亚治疗与足够低的幅度相关联以防止用于提供能量的器械的关闭,和/或低于给定环境中的能量的标准幅度。通过在组织接触之间提供亚治疗能量水平,防止从无能量到工作能量水平的转换,因为从无能量到工作能量的转换可能产生大量的血液飞溅。在方法(9400)的一些型式中,保持锁定与保持声学传动系中的特定谐振频率相关联以防止能量发生器关闭。锁定涉及保持尽可能接近能量的电流和电压之间的零相位角以便使阻抗最小化。
此后,步骤(9404)运动到步骤(9406)。在步骤(9406)中,检查或收集RF脉冲的阻抗。如果RF脉冲的阻抗高于特定的设定阈值,则步骤(9406)运动到步骤(9408)。如果RF脉冲的阻抗低于特定阈值,则步骤(9406)运动到步骤(9410)。在所示的示例中,阈值被设置为4000欧姆。选择此阈值以指示装置的钳口何时处于空气中或一个钳口接触组织,而另一个钳口不接触组织。如果装置的钳口处于空气中或一个钳口接触组织,则RF脉冲的阻抗将高于阈值。如果步骤(9406)确定RF脉冲高于阈值,则步骤(9406)运动到步骤(9408)并且步骤(9408)返回步骤(9404)以便在方法(9400)内使用低RF脉冲完成阻抗检查的循环。
如果步骤(9406)确定RF脉冲的测量阻抗低于阈值,则步骤(9406)行进到步骤(9410)。步骤(9410)识别出因为测量阻抗低于阈值,所以在装置的钳口之间存在组织接触。步骤(9410)此后行进到步骤(9412),其中改变RF能量和超声能量以补偿装置钳口之间的组织接触。在步骤(9412)的一些型式中,激活复合负载曲线表以用于更新RF能量。在步骤(9412)的其他型式中,通过较低功率水平与较高水平之间的中间功率水平激活超声能量,诸如较低功率水平“1”与较高功率水平“5”之间的功率水平“2”。在其他型式中,同时激活复合负载曲线和中间功率水平以更新其反射能量。
在更新RF和/或超声能量以补偿装置钳口之间的组织接触之后,步骤(9412)返回步骤(9406)以继续在步骤(9406,9410,9412)的循环中检查RF阻抗。如果阻抗改变,则步骤(9406)将行进到步骤(9408)并最终在步骤(9404)中调整RF脉冲以反映阻抗的改变。
类似于图1A的器械(10)的点凝固器械可以被设置并构造成执行方法(9400)的一个或多个步骤。点凝固器械的一些型式可以被设置有闭合开关和反馈特征。反馈特征可以被构造成能够在按下闭合开关并且阻抗高于阈值时向用户提供反馈。另外地,反馈特征可以被构造成能够在按下闭合开关并且阻抗低于阈值时向用户提供反馈。该反馈可以是以听觉反馈(诸如可听音调)、视觉反馈(诸如光)、或触觉反馈(诸如点凝固器械的一个或多个部分的振动)的形式。
V.示例性组合
下述实施例涉及本文的教导内容可被组合或应用的各种非穷尽性方式。应当理解,下述实施例并非旨在限制可在本专利申请或本专利申请的后续提交文件中的任何时间提供的任何权利要求的覆盖范围。不旨在进行免责声明。提供以下实施例仅仅是出于例示性目的。预期本文的各种教导内容可按多种其它方式进行布置和应用。还设想到,一些变型可省略在以下实施例中所提及的某些特征。因此,下文提及的方面或特征中的任一者均不应被视为决定性的,除非另外例如由发明人或关注发明人的继承者在稍后日期明确指明如此。如果本专利申请或与本专利申请相关的后续提交文件中提出的任何权利要求包括下文提及的那些特征之外的附加特征,则这些附加特征不应被假定为因与专利性相关的任何原因而被添加。
实施例1
一种外科器械,所述外科器械包括:(a)端部执行器,所述端部执行器包括:(i)超声刀,(ii)夹持臂,所述夹持臂被构造成能够相对于所述超声刀从打开位置朝向闭合位置运动,其中所述超声刀和所述夹持臂被构造成能够在所述打开位置接收组织,其中所述夹持臂被构造成能够在所述闭合位置抵靠所述超声刀夹紧组织,(iii)第一电极,所述第一电极与所述夹持臂可操作地连接,(iv)第二电极,所述第二电极与所述超声刀相关联,其中所述电极能够操作以将双极射频(RF)能量施加到所述端部执行器中捕获的组织;(b)夹持臂致动器,所述夹持臂致动器可操作地连接到所述夹持臂并且被构造成能够选择性地将所述夹持臂相应地从所述打开位置向所述闭合位置引导;(c)第一按钮,所述第一按钮能够操作以激活所述超声刀,由此在所述端部执行器处提供切割和密封模式;和(d)第二按钮,所述第二按钮能够操作以激活所述电极,由此在所述端部执行器处提供点凝固模式。
实施例2
根据实施例1所述的外科器械,所述外科器械还包括轴组件,所述轴组件从所述端部执行器向近侧突出并且包括可操作地连接到所述超声刀的声波导,其中所述声波导被构造成连接到超声换能器。
实施例3
根据实施例2所述的外科器械,所述外科器械还包括从所述轴组件向近侧突出的主体。
实施例4
根据实施例3所述的外科器械,其中,所述第一按钮和所述第二按钮位于所述主体上。
实施例5
根据实施例3所述的外科器械,其中,所述第一按钮位于所述主体上,其中所述第一按钮从所述主体朝向所述夹持臂致动器横向延伸。
实施例6
根据实施例3至实施例5中任一项所述的外科器械,其中,所述第一按钮被构造成能够在所述夹持臂致动器朝向所述主体运动并接合抵靠所述第一按钮时被致动。
实施例7
根据实施例3至实施例6中任一项所述的外科器械,其中,所述夹持臂致动器具有近端,其中所述主体具有近端,其中所述致动器的近端可朝向所述主体的近端运动以由此将所述夹持臂推向所述闭合位置,其中所述第一按钮位于所述主体的近端处,其中所述第一按钮被构造成能够由所述夹持臂致动器的近端致动。
实施例8
根据实施例1至实施例7中任一项所述的外科器械,其中,所述第二按钮位于所述第一按钮的远侧。
实施例9
根据实施例1至实施例8中任一项所述的外科器械,其中,所述夹持臂包括顶垫和底垫,其中所述底垫位于所述顶垫与所述超声刀之间。
实施例10
根据实施例9所述的外科器械,其中,所述顶垫与所述底垫在所述夹持臂内间隔开。
实施例11
根据实施例9至实施例10中任一项所述的外科器械,其中,所述第一电极包括在所述顶垫中。
实施例12
根据实施例9至实施例11中任一项所述的外科器械,所述外科器械包括第三电极,所述第三电极包括在所述底垫中,其中所述第三电极具有与所述第一电极相反的极性。
实施例13
根据实施例12所述的外科器械,其中,所述第三电极是射频(RF)电极。
实施例14
根据实施例1至实施例12中任一项所述的外科器械,其中,所述超声刀限定所述第二电极。
实施例15
根据实施例1至实施例11中任一项所述的外科器械,其中,所述夹持臂还包括第三电极,所述第三电极被定位成朝近侧面向所述超声刀的所述第二电极。
实施例16
根据实施例1至实施例15中任一项所述的外科器械,其中,所述第二按钮在所述主体上朝向所述夹持臂制动器延伸。
实施例17
一种外科器械,所述外科器械包括:(a)端部执行器,所述端部执行器包括:(i)超声刀,所述超声刀提供第一电极,和(ii)夹持臂,所述夹持臂被构造成能够相对于所述超声刀从打开位置朝向中间位置和闭合位置运动,其中所述超声刀和所述夹持臂被构造成能够在所述打开位置接收组织,其中所述夹持臂被构造成能够在所述闭合位置抵靠所述超声刀夹紧组织,其中所述夹持臂从所述超声刀偏置以在所述打开位置与所述闭合位置之间的所述中间位置限定预定间隙,其中所述夹持臂包括被构造成能够间隔开以将所述夹持臂和所述超声刀偏压到所述中间位置的第二电极和第三电极,其中所述第一电极和所述第二电极具有与所述第三电极相对的杆,其中所述第二电极定位在所述夹持臂致动器内相对于所述第三电极位于所述超声刀的近侧;(b)轴组件,所述轴组件从所述端部执行器向近侧突出并包括可操作地连接到所述超声刀的声波导,其中所述声波导被构造成连接到超声换能器;(c)主体,所示主体从所述轴组件向近侧突出;(d)夹持臂致动器,所述夹持臂致动器可操作地连接到所述夹持臂并且被构造成能够选择性地相对于所述主体从打开构型运动到闭合构型,以由此将所述夹持臂相应地从所述打开位置向所述中间位置和所述闭合位置引导;(e)第一按钮,所述第一按钮能够操作以激活所述第一电极、所述第二电极和所述第三电极;和(f)第二按钮,所述第二按钮被构造成能够当所述夹持臂致动器处于所述闭合构型时停用所述第一电极、所述第二电极和所述第三电极。
实施例18
一种使用外科器械来执行凝固的方法,所述方法包括:(a)以第一超声强度向端部执行器递送超声波能量;(b)以第一射频强度向所述端部执行器递送射频(RF)能量;(c)检测所述端部执行器与组织的接触;以及(d)响应于检测到所述端部执行器与所述组织的接触,将所述第一超声强度改变为第二超声强度并且/或者将所述第一RF强度改变为第二RF强度。
实施例19
根据实施例18所述的方法,所述方法还包括:(a)检测所述端部执行器从所述组织的释放;以及(b)在检测到所述端部执行器从所述组织的释放时,将所述第二超声强度改变为所述第一超声强度并且/或者将所述第二RF强度改变为所述第一RF强度。
实施例20
根据实施例18至实施例19中任一项所述的方法,其中,检测所述端部执行器与组织的接触的动作包括将RF脉冲的阈值阻抗值与所述RF脉冲的观察到的阻抗值进行比较,其中当所述RF脉冲的观察到的阻抗值低于所述RF脉冲的阈值阻抗值时,存在所述端部执行器与所述组织的接触。
实施例21
根据实施例20所述的方法,其中,所述阈值阻抗值被设置为4000欧姆。
VI.杂项
尽管本文中的各种示例描述了可释放地联接在一起的两个或更多个模块化部件,但应当理解,一些变型可以消除这种模块性以及可释放联接。例如,一些型式的器械(10)可以将第一模块化组件(100)和第二模块化组件(200)提供为单个组合单元,其不允许从第一模块化组件(100)移除第二模块化组件(200)。在一些这样的型式中,将省略联接构件(300)(使用一些其他特征结构来提供第一模块化组件(100)与第二模块化组件(200)之间的永久联接);或者可以修改联接构件(300),使得不可以操纵联接构件(300)以使第二模块化组件(200)脱离第一模块化组件(100)。类似地,一些型式的器械(301)可以防止夹持臂组件(400)从轴组件(330)被移除。例如,可以省略闩锁构件(412),并且夹持臂组件(400)可以与轴组件(330)永久地联接。
应当理解,本文的各种教导内容可以易于与以下专利的各种教导内容结合:2017年4月20日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Dual Mode End Effector andSide-Loaded Clamp Arm Assembly”的美国公布2017/0105754,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。本文的教导内容可以与美国公布2017/0105754的教导内容结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
应当理解,本文的各种教导内容可以易于与以下专利的各种教导内容结合:2017年4月20日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Dual Mode End Effector andCompound Lever with Detents”的美国公布2017/0105755,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。本文的教导内容可以与美国公布2017/0105755的教导内容结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
应当理解,本文的各种教导内容可以易于与以下专利的各种教导内容结合:2017年4月20日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Dual Mode End Effector andModular Clamp Arm Assembly”的美国公布2017/0105788,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。本文的教导内容可以与美国公布2017/0105788的教导内容结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
上述各种器械可以用于各种外科手术。仅以举例的方式,上述器械可用于执行肝脏切除、结肠直肠外科手术、妇科外科手术和/或各种其他种类的外科手术。参考本文的教导内容,其中可以使用上述器械的各种其他种类的程序和方式对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
应当理解,本文所述的任何型式的器械还可包括除上述那些之外或作为上述那些的替代的各种其它特征。仅以举例的方式,本文所述器械中的任一者还可包括公开于以引用方式并入本文的各种参考文献中的任一者的各种特征结构中的一者或多者。还应当理解,本文的教导内容可易于应用于本文所引述的任何其它参考文献中所述的任何器械,使得本文的教导内容可易于以多种方式与本文所引述的任何参考文献中的教导内容结合。可结合本文的教导内容的其它类型的器械对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见。
除前述内容之外,本文的教导内容可以易于与以下专利的教导内容结合:与本申请于同一日期提交的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Removable Clamp ArmAssembly”的美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END8130USNP.0652942],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。本文的教导内容可与美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END8130USNP.0652942]的教导内容结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
除前述内容之外,本文的教导内容可以易于与以下专利的教导内容结合:与本申请于同一日期提交的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Removable End EffectorComponents”的美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END8130USNP1.0652944],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。本文的教导内容可与美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END8130USNP1.0652944]的教导内容结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
除前述内容之外,本文的教导内容可以易于与以下专利的教导内容结合:与本申请于同一日期提交的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Selectively Actuated Gap-Setting Features for End Effector”的美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END8130USNP2.0652948],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。本文的教导内容可与美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END8130USNP2.0652948]的教导内容结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
除前述内容之外,本文的教导内容可以易于与以下专利的教导内容结合:与本申请于同一日期提交的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Removable Portion toFacilitate Cleaning”的美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END8130USNP4.0652946],其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。本文的教导内容可与美国专利申请[代理人案卷号END8130USNP4.0652946]的教导内容结合的各种合适方式对于本领域普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
还应当理解,本文中所参照的任何值的范围应当被理解为包括此类范围的上限和下限。例如,除了包括介于这些上限和下限之间的值之外,表示为“介于大约1.0英寸和大约1.5英寸之间”的范围应被理解为包括大约1.0英寸和大约1.5英寸。
应当理解,据称以引用方式并入本文的任何专利、专利公布或其它公开材料,无论是全文或部分,仅在所并入的材料与本公开中所述的现有定义、陈述或者其它公开材料不冲突的范围内并入本文。因此,并且在必要的程度下,本文明确列出的公开内容代替以引用方式并入本文的任何冲突材料。据称以引用方式并入本文但与本文列出的现有定义、陈述或其它公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,将仅在所并入的材料与现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入。
上述装置的型式可应用于由医疗专业人员进行的传统医学治疗和手术、以及机器人辅助的医学治疗和手术中。仅以举例的方式,本文的各种教导内容可易于并入机器人外科***,诸如Intuitive Surgical,Inc.(Sunnyvale,California)的DAVINCITM***。相似地,本领域的普通技术人员将认识到,本文的各种教导内容可易于与2004年8月31日公布的名称为“Robotic Surgical Tool with Ultrasound Cauterizing and CuttingInstrument”的美国专利6,783,524的各种教导内容相结合,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
上文所述型式可被设计成在单次使用后丢弃,或者其可被设计成使用多次。在任一种情况下或两种情况下,可对这些型式进行修复以在至少一次使用之后重复使用。修复可包括以下步骤的任意组合:拆卸装置,然后清洁或替换特定零件以及随后进行重新组装。具体地,可拆卸一些型式的装置,并且可以任何组合来选择性地替换或移除装置的任意数量的特定零件或部分。在清洁和/或更换特定部件时,所述装置的一些型式可在修复设施处重新组装或者在即将进行手术之前由操作者重新组装以供随后使用。本领域的技术人员将会了解,装置的修复可利用多种技术进行拆卸、清洁/更换、以及重新组装。此类技术的使用以及所得的修复装置均在本申请的范围内。
仅以举例的方式,本文描述的型式可在手术之前和/或之后灭菌。在一种灭菌技术中,将所述装置放置在闭合且密封的容器诸如塑料袋或TYVEK袋中。然后可将容器和装置放置在可穿透容器的辐射场中,诸如γ辐射、x射线、或高能电子。辐射可杀死装置上和容器中的细菌。经灭菌的装置随后可存储在无菌容器中,以供以后使用。还可使用本领域已知的任何其它技术对装置进行消毒,所述技术包括但不限于β辐射或γ辐射、环氧乙烷或蒸汽。
已经示出和阐述了本发明的各种实施方案,可在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下由本领域的普通技术人员进行适当修改来实现本文所述的方法和***的进一步改进。已经提及了若干此类可能的修改,并且其它修改对于本领域的技术人员而言将显而易见。例如,上文所讨论的实施例、实施方案、几何形状、材料、尺寸、比率、步骤等均是例示性的而非必需的。因此,本发明的范围应根据以下权利要求书来考虑,并且应理解为不限于说明书和附图中示出和描述的结构和操作的细节。

Claims (16)

1.一种外科器械,所述外科器械包括:
(a) 端部执行器,所述端部执行器包括:
(i) 超声刀,所述超声刀被构造成能够激活以将超声能量施加到所述端部执行器捕获的组织中,
(ii) 夹持臂,所述夹持臂被构造成能够相对于所述超声刀从第一打开位置通过比第一打开位置打开更小的第二打开位置朝向闭合位置运动,其中所述超声刀和所述夹持臂被构造成能够至少在所述第一打开位置接收组织,其中所述夹持臂被构造成能够在所述闭合位置抵靠所述超声刀夹紧组织,
(iii) 第一电极,所述第一电极与所述夹持臂可操作地连接,以及
(iv) 第二电极,所述第二电极与所述超声刀相关联,其中所述第一电极和第二电极被构造成能够激活以将双极射频(RF)能量施加到所述端部执行器捕获的组织中;其中,被激活的超声刀和未激活的第一电极和第二电极限定切割和密封模式,正在被激活的第一电极和第二电极至少部分地限定点凝固模式;
(b) 夹持臂致动器,所述夹持臂致动器可操作地连接到所述夹持臂并且被构造成能够依次从打开的致动器位置通过第一致动器位置、通过第二致动器位置并且朝向第三致动器位置移动以选择性地将所述夹持臂相应地从所述第一打开位置通过第二打开位置并且朝向所述闭合位置引导,使得打开的致动器位置和第一致动器位置相应地与夹持臂的第一打开位置和第二打开位置相关联并且第一致动器位置在打开的致动器位置和第二致动器位置之间;
(c) 第一按钮,所述第一按钮能够操作地连接到所述超声刀并且被构造成能够选择性地从第一未致动位置致动到第一致动位置,由此将所述端部执行器引导到切割和密封模式;以及
(d) 第二按钮,所述第二按钮能够操作地连接到第一电极和第二电极并且被构造成能够选择性地从第二未致动位置致动到第二致动位置,从而第一按钮在第一未致动位置中并且夹持臂致动器定位在第一致动器位置中或在第一致动器位置和第二致动器位置之间的情况下,由此将执行器引导到点凝固模式,其中,所述点凝固模式在打开的致动器位置中并且在打开的致动器位置和第一致动器位置之间未激活,其中第二按钮留在第二致动位置中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,所述外科器械还包括轴组件,所述轴组件从所述端部执行器向近侧突出并且包括可操作地连接到所述超声刀的声波导,其中所述声波导被构造成连接到超声换能器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的外科器械,所述外科器械还包括从所述轴组件向近侧突出的主体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中,所述第一按钮和所述第二按钮位于所述主体上。
5.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中,所述第一按钮位于所述主体上,其中所述第一按钮从所述主体朝向所述夹持臂致动器横向延伸。
6.根据权利要求5所述的外科器械,其中,所述第一按钮被构造成能够在所述夹持臂致动器朝向所述主体运动并接合抵靠所述第一按钮时从第一未致动位置致动到第一致动位置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的外科器械,其中,所述夹持臂致动器具有近端,其中所述主体具有近端,其中所述夹持臂致动器的近端能够朝向所述主体的近端运动以由此将所述夹持臂推向所述闭合位置,其中所述第一按钮位于所述主体的近端处,其中所述第一按钮被构造成能够由所述夹持臂致动器的近端从第一未致动位置致动到第一致动位置。
8.根据权利要求3所述的外科器械,其中,所述第二按钮位于所述第一按钮的远侧。
9.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中,所述夹持臂包括顶垫和底垫,其中所述底垫位于所述顶垫与所述超声刀之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的外科器械,其中,所述顶垫与所述底垫在所述夹持臂内间隔开。
11.根据权利要求10所述的外科器械,其中,所述第一电极包括在所述顶垫中。
12.根据权利要求11所述的外科器械,所述外科器械还包括第三电极,所述第三电极包括在所述底垫中,其中所述第三电极具有与所述第一电极相反的极性。
13.根据权利要求12所述的外科器械,其中,所述第三电极是射频(RF)电极。
14.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中,所述超声刀限定所述第二电极。
15.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,所述夹持臂还包括第三电极,所述第三电极被定位成朝近侧面向所述超声刀的所述第二电极。
16.一种外科器械,所述外科器械包括:
(a) 端部执行器,所述端部执行器包括:
(i) 超声刀,所述超声刀提供第一电极,和
(ii) 夹持臂,所述夹持臂被构造成能够相对于所述超声刀从打开位置朝向中间位置和闭合位置运动,其中所述超声刀和所述夹持臂被构造成能够在所述打开位置接收组织,其中所述夹持臂被构造成能够在所述闭合位置抵靠所述超声刀夹紧组织,其中所述夹持臂从所述超声刀偏置以在所述打开位置与所述闭合位置之间的所述中间位置限定预定间隙,其中所述夹持臂包括第一电极和第二电极,其中所述超声刀具有第三电极;
(iii) 检测特征被构造成能够检测抵靠超声刀或夹持臂中至少一个被接收的组织;
(b) 轴组件,所述轴组件从所述端部执行器向近侧突出并包括可操作地连接到所述超声刀的声波导,其中所述声波导被构造成连接到超声换能器;
(c) 主体,所示主体从所述轴组件向近侧突出;
(d) 夹持臂致动器,所述夹持臂致动器可操作地连接到所述夹持臂并且被构造成能够选择性地相对于所述主体从打开构型运动到闭合构型,以由此将所述夹持臂相应地从所述打开位置向所述中间位置和所述闭合位置引导;
(e) 第一按钮,所述第一按钮被构造成能够在通过检测特征检测到组织之前以低射频(RF)能量水平激活所述第一电极、所述第二电极和所述第三电极并且以低超声能量水平激活超声刀,其中,检测特征被构造成能够在检测到组织之后将低射频(RF)能量水平提高到高射频(RF)能量水平并且将低超声能量水平提高到高超声能量水平,并且其中,第一按钮被构造成能够在通过检测特征检测到组织之后以高能量水平激活所述第一电极、所述第二电极和所述第三电极;以及
(f) 第二按钮,所述第二按钮被构造成能够当所述夹持臂致动器处于所述闭合构型时停用所述第一电极、所述第二电极和所述第三电极。
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