CN110189506B - Early warning method for rocky landslide of joint face sliding surface and application - Google Patents
Early warning method for rocky landslide of joint face sliding surface and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock landslide early warning method for a joint surface sliding surface, which belongs to the field of rock landslide prevention and control and comprises the following steps: a. determining the sliding surface friction angle
(ii) a b. Determining the slope alpha of the landslide body, the area A of the landslide body and the upper side area A of the landslide body through on-site survey and mappinguThe slope beta of the upper side surface of the landslide body; monitoring rainfall to obtain rainfall duration D and rainfall average intensity I; c. calculating an early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P of the landslide; d. and dividing the early warning grade of the rock landslide of the sliding surface of the joint surface. The invention researches the sliding surface characteristics, the topographic conditions and the rainfall conditions formed by the rocky landslide of the sliding surface of the joint surface, makes comprehensive judgment on the occurrence of the landslide, establishes an accurate early warning calculation model of the rocky landslide of the sliding surface of the joint surface, accurately divides the landslide occurrence possibility in a quantitative mode, and has good early warning effect on the rocky landslide of the sliding surface of the joint surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock landslide prevention and control, in particular to a rock landslide early warning method of a joint surface sliding surface and application.
Background
According to the composition, cause, property and failure mode of the materials of the rock sliding surface, the rock sliding surface is divided into a weak interlayer sliding surface, a rock stratum sliding surface and a joint surface sliding surface. The joint surface has better sliding opening and rough surface, and can be filled with various argillaceous and calcareous cements. The reason for the formation of the sliding surface was analyzed, and the sliding surface of the joint surface was formed by the structure and the surface generation.
Rock landslides on the sliding surface of the joint surface are generally not easy to occur, but once the rock landslides occur, serious disasters are often caused. Rocky landslide is a natural phenomenon that occurs on mountainous or highway slopes. After the rock landslide occurs, the sliding rock mass and the soil mass on the upper surface of the rock mass move to the lower side of the hillside or the roadside, and damage is caused.
The occurrence of rock landslide often requires three conditions: 1) the terrain condition of rock landslide is facilitated; 2) the rock stratum has a weak structural surface; 3) abundant rainfall enters a weak structural surface from the crack and finally induces the occurrence of landslide. These conditions affect and determine the stability of the slope in combination. Wherein, the influence factor of the terrain condition on the rock landslide comprises: slope gradient of a potential landslide body and a steep slope terrain on the upper side of the landslide body.
At present, The research of domestic and foreign scholars on The landslide formation conditions mainly focuses on The research of slope slopes, is simple data statistics of The development and distribution rules of The slope slopes, and does not deeply research The intrinsic mechanisms (engineering geology report, 2013,21: 607-; hydroelectric power science, 2014,32: 119-; mountain science report, 2015,33: 108-. In addition to the influence of slope gradient on shallow landslide, the influence of factors such as upstream, left and right sides and downstream of a shallow landslide sensitive area on shallow landslide is slightly studied, but most of the studies are concentrated on qualitative research and the influence of a single factor is described, and a quantitative calculation method such as an upstream calculation model is rarely considered (Water resources research,1994,4: 1153-. For landslide prediction research, a statistical method, a regression analysis early warning model and a critical value thereof are mainly used, but the method can only use the prediction model in the region and cannot be used in other regions, and no method is used for early warning in a region without data.
Chinese patent documents with publication number CN 107476275A and publication date of 2017, 12 and 15 disclose an early warning method for rocky landslide in red zone, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. determining basic topographic data of the landslide body through field survey and mapping, wherein the basic topographic data comprises the slope alpha of the landslide body, the area A of the landslide body, the upper side area A u of the landslide body and the upper side slope beta of the landslide body; b. monitoring rainfall to obtain rainfall duration D and rainfall average intensity I; c. calculating an early warning discrimination factor P of the landslide according to the formula 1 by using the terrain factor and the rainfall factor; TR0.67(ii) a d. Dividing the early warning grade of the rock landslide by using the early warning discrimination factor P of the landslide, and sending a red early warning signal when the probability is high and is a red early warning grade when the P is more than or equal to 1.85; when P is more than or equal to 1.45 and less than 1.85, the possibility is moderate,sending an orange early warning signal when the grade is orange early warning grade; when P is less than 1.45, the possibility is low, the level is a green early warning level, and a green safety signal is sent out.
The early warning method for rock landslide in the red zone disclosed in the patent document describes an early warning model and a critical value for rock landslide in the red zone, but the model can be only used for a weak interlayer sliding surface in the red zone, but is not suitable for other zones, and cannot early warn landslide of other sliding surfaces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides an early warning method and application of the rocky landslide of the sliding surface of the joint surface.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a rock landslide early warning method of a joint face sliding surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. finding out the position of the sliding surface of the landslide through field investigation, determining the position as the sliding surface of the joint surface, and determining the friction angle of the sliding surface
b. Determining the slope alpha of the landslide body, the area A of the landslide body and the upper side area A of the landslide body through on-site survey and mappinguThe slope beta of the upper side surface of the landslide body; monitoring rainfall to obtain rainfall duration D and rainfall average intensity I;
c. calculating early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P of landslide, from sliding surface friction angle
Calculating and determining a terrain factor T and a rainfall factor R according to the formula 1;
P＝TR/G0.5formula 1
In the formula:
p is early warning comprehensive discrimination factor;
t is a terrain factor which is determined by calculation according to the formula 2;
r is a rainfall factor, and is determined by calculation according to formula 4;
g is a geological factor which is determined by calculation according to the formula 5;
t ═ tan (α) +3.33U formula 2
In the formula:
alpha-the slope of the landslide body;
u is an upward steep terrain factor, and is determined by calculation according to the formula 3;
U＝sin(β)Aua formula 3
In the formula:
Auupper side area of the landslide body, m2；
A-area of the landslide mass, m2；
Beta-the upper side slope of the landslide body;
R＝(I/I0)(D/D0)0.8formula 4
In the formula:
i-average intensity of rainfall, mm/h;
I0the local maximum rainfall average value of 1 hour is searched by a local hydrological manual, and the average value is mm/h;
d-duration of rainfall, h;
D0-unit time, 1 h;
in the formula:
d. dividing the early warning grade of the rock landslide of the sliding surface of the joint face by using an early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P; the greater the value of P, the greater the likelihood of landslide; the smaller the P value, the less likely it is to landslide.
In said step a, the sliding surface friction angle is determined
The method is characterized in that the friction angle of the sliding surface is determined according to the friction angle value of the structural surface in the technical specification of GB 50330-2013 building slope engineering, the surface of the sliding surface of the joint surface is rough, the joint surface is a hard structural surface, the shear strength of the structural surface is related to the roughness, the combination condition, the filling state, the continuity and the external environment of the structural surface, and the properties of the sliding surface of the joint surface of the sliding slope are consistent according to the investigation of different lithological landslides, so that the friction angle of the sliding
Is 27 deg..
In the step d, when P is more than 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 8.3 and less than or equal to 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 7 and less than or equal to 8.3, the possibility of landslide is moderate; when P is less than or equal to 7, the possibility of landslide is low.
The invention is suitable for early warning of rock landslide with a sliding surface being a joint surface in a cut-layer landslide type, wherein the sliding surface is formed by combining one or more joint surfaces through structure and surface growth.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
the sliding surfaces of rock landslides are generally of 3 types: a soft interlayer sliding surface, a rock stratum sliding surface and a joint surface sliding surface.
The joint surface sliding surface is formed by combining one or more joint surfaces through structure and surface generating action. The sliding surface belongs to a hard structure surface, the inclination angle of the sliding surface is different from that of a rock stratum, the sliding surface belongs to a tangential layer landslide, the inclination angle of the sliding surface is large, and the sliding surface mostly develops in a steep inclined layer-shaped or block-shaped slope. The joint surface has good opening degree, rough surface and general combination degree, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, only a small amount of clay substances are filled in joint cracks through water transportation, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, and the softening effect of water is weak.
The characteristics of the sliding surface determining the degree of difficulty of the landslide, and of the sliding surface of the joint surfaceThe shear strength determines the sliding surface characteristics. The joint surface develops in the same rock, the lithology of two sides of the sliding surface is the same, the joint surface is rough, the penetration degree is low, the combination degree is good, the contained hydrophilic minerals are less, and only a small amount of clay substances are filled in joint cracks through the transportation of water, so the softening effect of the water on the sliding surface is less, and the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high. Shear strength may reflect the effect of the joint sliding surface on landslide. Of the two parameters of shear strength, the cohesive force c is relatively minor, and has little influence on landslide, while the sliding surface friction angle
The change in (2) has a great influence on the landslide. The cohesion c is therefore negligible, taking into account only the sliding surface friction angle
The effect of the change of (c) is sufficient. Sliding surface friction angle during landslide instability
The value can accurately reflect the influence of the sliding surface on the landslide, and formula 4 shows the friction angle of the sliding surface
The influence of geological factors is fully considered in consideration of the value, and the interrelation and importance of each influence factor are reflected.
The terrain with steep upper part and slow lower part is favorable for rainwater to enter a potential landslide body through a crack at the upper part of the landslide body, so that a soft surface of a rock stratum is gradually saturated and softened, the shear strength is gradually reduced, the shear fracture is generated in the local part of the soft surface, rainwater continuously enters the cracks to saturate, the pore water pressure is increased to form super-pore water pressure, the shear fracture is gradually expanded and communicated to form a shear surface, the strength of the soft surface is further reduced, and finally, a local soil body slides down along a sliding belt because the shear strength of the shear surface is lower than the shear stress. The lower side face is usually the position of a cut outlet of a landslide body, rainwater permeates into a soil body and goes down along a slope to form a shear surface, and then the rainwater is easier to penetrate and seep out at the position of the face, so that the slope body slides down. Therefore, the slope, the upper steep slope, the lower free surface topography, and the like all play a role in landslide, but the influence of the slope is the greatest. The formula 2 completely combines the slope and the uphill steep terrain conditions, comprehensively considers the effect of terrain factors and embodies the interrelation and importance of various influence factors.
Rainfall is an inducing factor of the landslide, and the rainfall for a long time enables rainwater to enter the sliding surface and soften the weathered sliding surface, so that the strength and the friction force of the sliding surface are reduced, and the resistance is reduced for the sliding of the landslide; the larger rainfall average intensity I enables the water level of the rear edge crack of the landslide body to rise, and the larger hydrostatic pressure provides power for the sliding of the landslide; the local maximum rainfall average value of 1 hour represents rainfall characteristics of different areas, and the local maximum rainfall average value of 1 hour is introduced to reduce the difference of rainfall in the areas to the maximum extent, so that the early warning method can be used for each area.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly shown in the following aspects:
1. the invention 'a' finds the position of the sliding surface of the landslide through field investigation, determines the sliding surface of the joint surface, and then determines the friction angle of the sliding surface
b. Determining the slope alpha of the landslide body, the area A of the landslide body and the upper side area A of the landslide body through on-site survey and mappinguThe slope beta of the upper side surface of the landslide body; monitoring rainfall to obtain rainfall duration D and rainfall average intensity I; c. calculating early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P of landslide, from sliding surface friction angle
Calculating and determining a terrain factor T and a rainfall factor R according to the formula 1; d. dividing the early warning grade of the rock landslide of the sliding surface of the joint face by using an early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P; the greater the value of P, the greater the likelihood of landslide; the smaller the P value is, the smaller the possibility of landslide is, research is carried out on the sliding surface characteristics, the terrain conditions and the rainfall conditions formed by the rocky landslide of the sliding surface of the joint surface, comprehensive judgment is made on the occurrence of the landslide, and accurate early warning of the rocky landslide of the sliding surface of the joint surface is establishedThe calculation model accurately divides the landslide occurrence probability in a quantitative mode, and has a good early warning effect on the rock landslide of the sliding surface of the joint surface.
2. According to the invention, in step a, the sliding surface friction angle is determined
The method is characterized in that the friction angle of the sliding surface is determined according to the friction angle value of the structural surface in the technical specification of GB 50330-2013 building slope engineering, the surface of the sliding surface of the joint surface is rough, the joint surface is a hard structural surface, the shear strength of the structural surface is related to the roughness, the combination condition, the filling state, the continuity and the external environment of the structural surface, and the properties of the sliding surface of the joint surface of the sliding slope are consistent according to the investigation of different lithological landslides, so that the friction angle of the sliding
At 27 degrees, the internal mechanism research is carried out by researching the influence degree of geological factors on the occurrence of the landslide, and a calculation formula of the geological factors of the lithologic landslide of the sliding surface of the joint surface is established so as to accurately divide the occurrence possibility of the landslide in a quantitative mode.
3. According to the invention, when P is more than 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 8.3 and less than or equal to 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 7 and less than or equal to 8.3, the possibility of landslide is moderate; when P is less than or equal to 7, the possibility of landslide is low, the landslide occurrence possibility is accurately divided in a quantitative mode by comprehensively considering the geological, topographic and rainfall influence factors of the rocky landslide on the sliding surface of the joint surface, and the early warning effect is greatly guaranteed.
4. According to the invention, T, R and G in formula 1 are dimensionless parameters, and can be used in rock landslides of joint surface sliding surface type under various rock landslide conditions, so that the applicability is stronger.
5. The invention is suitable for early warning of the rock landslide with the sliding surface being the joint surface in the type of the cut-layer landslide, the sliding surface is formed by combining one or more joint surfaces through structure and surface generating action, the shear strength of the sliding surface of the joint surface is taken as a reference object, the shear strength is taken as a key parameter of the sliding surface, and the early warning is more accurate.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A rock landslide early warning method of a joint face sliding surface comprises the following steps:
a. finding out the position of the sliding surface of the landslide through field investigation, determining the position as the sliding surface of the joint surface, and determining the friction angle of the sliding surface
b. Determining the slope alpha of the landslide body, the area A of the landslide body and the upper side area A of the landslide body through on-site survey and mappinguThe slope beta of the upper side surface of the landslide body; monitoring rainfall to obtain rainfall duration D and rainfall average intensity I;
c. calculating early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P of landslide, from sliding surface friction angle
Calculating and determining a terrain factor T and a rainfall factor R according to the formula 1;
P＝TR/G0.5formula 1
In the formula:
p is early warning comprehensive discrimination factor;
t is a terrain factor which is determined by calculation according to the formula 2;
r is a rainfall factor, and is determined by calculation according to formula 4;
g is a geological factor which is determined by calculation according to the formula 5;
t ═ tan (α) +3.33U formula 2
In the formula:
alpha-the slope of the landslide body;
u is an upward steep terrain factor, and is determined by calculation according to the formula 3;
U＝sin(β)Aua formula 3
In the formula:
Auupper side area of the landslide body, m2；
A-area of the landslide mass, m2；
Beta-the upper side slope of the landslide body;
R＝(I/I0)(D/D0)0.8formula 4
In the formula:
i-average intensity of rainfall, mm/h;
I0the local maximum rainfall average value of 1 hour is searched by a local hydrological manual, and the average value is mm/h;
d-duration of rainfall, h;
D0-unit time, 1 h;
in the formula:
d. dividing the early warning grade of the rock landslide of the sliding surface of the joint face by using an early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P; the greater the value of P, the greater the likelihood of landslide; the smaller the P value, the less likely it is to landslide.
"a" finding the position of the sliding surface of the landslide by on-site survey, determining the position as the sliding surface of the joint surface, and determining the friction angle of the sliding surface
b. Determining the slope alpha of the landslide body, the area A of the landslide body and the upper side area A of the landslide body through on-site survey and mappinguThe slope beta of the upper side surface of the landslide body; monitoring rainfall to obtain rainfall duration D and rainfall average intensity I; c. calculating early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P of landslide, from sliding surface friction angle
Calculating and determining a terrain factor T and a rainfall factor R according to the formula 1; d. dividing the early warning grade of the rock landslide of the sliding surface of the joint face by using an early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P; the greater the value of P, the greater the likelihood of landslide; the smaller the P value, the less the possibility of landslide ", and the sliding surface formed by rock landslide against the sliding surface of the joint surfaceCharacteristics, topographic conditions and rainfall conditions are researched, comprehensive judgment is made aiming at occurrence of landslide, an accurate early warning calculation model of the rocky landslide of the joint face sliding face is established, the landslide occurrence probability is accurately divided in a quantitative mode, and the early warning effect on the rocky landslide of the joint face sliding face is good.
Example 2
A rock landslide early warning method of a joint face sliding surface comprises the following steps:
a. finding out the position of the sliding surface of the landslide through field investigation, determining the position as the sliding surface of the joint surface, and determining the friction angle of the sliding surface
b. Determining the slope alpha of the landslide body, the area A of the landslide body and the upper side area A of the landslide body through on-site survey and mappinguThe slope beta of the upper side surface of the landslide body; monitoring rainfall to obtain rainfall duration D and rainfall average intensity I;
c. calculating early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P of landslide, from sliding surface friction angle
Calculating and determining a terrain factor T and a rainfall factor R according to the formula 1;
P＝TR/G0.5formula 1
In the formula:
p is early warning comprehensive discrimination factor;
t is a terrain factor which is determined by calculation according to the formula 2;
r is a rainfall factor, and is determined by calculation according to formula 4;
g is a geological factor which is determined by calculation according to the formula 5;
t ═ tan (α) +3.33U formula 2
In the formula:
alpha-the slope of the landslide body;
u is an upward steep terrain factor, and is determined by calculation according to the formula 3;
U＝sin(β)Aua formula 3
In the formula:
Auupper side area of the landslide body, m2；
A-area of the landslide mass, m2；
Beta-the upper side slope of the landslide body;
R＝(I/I0)(D/D0)0.8formula 4
In the formula:
i-average intensity of rainfall, mm/h;
I0the local maximum rainfall average value of 1 hour is searched by a local hydrological manual, and the average value is mm/h;
d-duration of rainfall, h;
D0-unit time, 1 h;
in the formula:
d. dividing the early warning grade of the rock landslide of the sliding surface of the joint face by using an early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P; the greater the value of P, the greater the likelihood of landslide; the smaller the P value, the less likely it is to landslide.
In said step a, the sliding surface friction angle is determined
The method is characterized in that the friction angle of the sliding surface is determined according to the friction angle value of the structural surface in the technical specification of GB 50330-2013 building slope engineering, the surface of the sliding surface of the joint surface is rough, the joint surface is a hard structural surface, the shear strength of the structural surface is related to the roughness, the combination condition, the filling state, the continuity and the external environment of the structural surface, and the properties of the sliding surface of the joint surface of the sliding slope are consistent according to the investigation of different lithological landslides, so that the friction angle of the sliding
Is 27 deg..
In step a, the sliding surface friction angle is determined
The method is characterized in that the friction angle of the sliding surface is determined according to the friction angle value of the structural surface in the technical specification of GB 50330-2013 building slope engineering, the surface of the sliding surface of the joint surface is rough, the joint surface is a hard structural surface, the shear strength of the structural surface is related to the roughness, the combination condition, the filling state, the continuity and the external environment of the structural surface, and the properties of the sliding surface of the joint surface of the sliding slope are consistent according to the investigation of different lithological landslides, so that the friction angle of the sliding
At 27 degrees, the internal mechanism research is carried out by researching the influence degree of geological factors on the occurrence of the landslide, and a calculation formula of the geological factors of the lithologic landslide of the sliding surface of the joint surface is established so as to accurately divide the occurrence possibility of the landslide in a quantitative mode.
Example 3
A rock landslide early warning method of a joint face sliding surface comprises the following steps:
a. finding out the position of the sliding surface of the landslide through field investigation, determining the position as the sliding surface of the joint surface, and determining the friction angle of the sliding surface
b. Determining the slope alpha of the landslide body, the area A of the landslide body and the upper side area A of the landslide body through on-site survey and mappinguThe slope beta of the upper side surface of the landslide body; monitoring rainfall to obtain rainfall duration D and rainfall average intensity I;
c. calculating early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P of landslide, from sliding surface friction angle
Calculating and determining a terrain factor T and a rainfall factor R according to the formula 1;
P＝TR/G0.5formula 1
In the formula:
p is early warning comprehensive discrimination factor;
t is a terrain factor which is determined by calculation according to the formula 2;
r is a rainfall factor, and is determined by calculation according to formula 4;
g is a geological factor which is determined by calculation according to the formula 5;
t ═ tan (α) +3.33U formula 2
In the formula:
alpha-the slope of the landslide body;
u is an upward steep terrain factor, and is determined by calculation according to the formula 3;
U＝sin(β)Aua formula 3
In the formula:
Auupper side area of the landslide body, m2；
A-area of the landslide mass, m2；
Beta-the upper side slope of the landslide body;
R＝(I/I0)(D/D0)0.8formula 4
In the formula:
i-average intensity of rainfall, mm/h;
I0the local maximum rainfall average value of 1 hour is searched by a local hydrological manual, and the average value is mm/h;
d-duration of rainfall, h;
D0-unit time, 1 h;
in the formula:
d. dividing the early warning grade of the rock landslide of the sliding surface of the joint face by using an early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P; the greater the value of P, the greater the likelihood of landslide; the smaller the P value, the less likely it is to landslide.
In the step a, the step (c) is carried out,determining the sliding surface friction angle
The method is characterized in that the friction angle of the sliding surface is determined according to the friction angle value of the structural surface in the technical specification of GB 50330-2013 building slope engineering, the surface of the sliding surface of the joint surface is rough, the joint surface is a hard structural surface, the shear strength of the structural surface is related to the roughness, the combination condition, the filling state, the continuity and the external environment of the structural surface, and the properties of the sliding surface of the joint surface of the sliding slope are consistent according to the investigation of different lithological landslides, so that the friction angle of the sliding
Is 27 deg..
In the step d, when P is more than 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 8.3 and less than or equal to 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 7 and less than or equal to 8.3, the possibility of landslide is moderate; when P is less than or equal to 7, the possibility of landslide is low.
The rock landslide early warning device is suitable for early warning of rock landslides with sliding surfaces being joint surfaces in a cut-layer landslide type, and the sliding surfaces are formed by combining one or more joint surfaces through structure and surface growth.
When P > 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 8.3 and less than or equal to 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 7 and less than or equal to 8.3, the possibility of landslide is moderate; when P is less than or equal to 7, the possibility of landslide is low, the landslide occurrence possibility is accurately divided in a quantitative mode by comprehensively considering the geological, topographic and rainfall influence factors of the rocky landslide on the sliding surface of the joint surface, and the early warning effect is greatly guaranteed.
T, R and G in the formula 1 are dimensionless parameters, and can be used in rock landslides of joint surface sliding surface types under various rock landslide conditions, so that the applicability is stronger.
The early warning method is suitable for early warning of the rock landslide with the sliding surface being the joint surface in the cut-layer landslide type, the sliding surface is formed by combining one or more joint surfaces through structure and surface growth, the shear strength of the sliding surface of the joint surface is used as a reference object, the shear strength is used as a key parameter of the sliding surface, and the early warning is more accurate.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to specific examples:
landslide of Shanxi metamorphic rock: 20 hours and 30 minutes in 7 months and 18 days in 2010, and landslide occurs in the village gulf ditch in the big bamboo garden town of Han Bin district, Ankang city, Shanxi province. The landslide lithology is that the sand slate clamps phyllite. The sliding surface is formed by combining two groups of joint surfaces which are steeply inclined outwards, the joint surfaces have better opening degree, rough surface and general combination degree, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, the softening effect of water is limited, and the gradient of the sliding surface is 46 degrees. In 2010, 24 th in the morning at 4 o' clock in 7 th month, Shanxi province ShanLuo city Shanyang county Zheqiao ear ditch village landslide occurs. The landslide lithology is phyllite, conglomerate and sandstone. The sliding surface is formed by combining two groups of joint surfaces which are steeply inclined outwards, the joint surfaces have better opening degree, rough surface and general combination degree, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, the softening effect of water is limited, and the gradient of the sliding surface is 45 degrees. In 2011, 7 and 5 months, 15 am at 11 am, and landslide occurs on the back slope of a big hotel in Jinya, City, West county, Xianyang, Hanzhong, province. The landslide lithology is phyllite. The sliding surface is formed by combining two groups of joint surfaces in phyllite, the opening degree of the joint surfaces is good, the surface is rough, the combination degree is general, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, the softening effect of water is limited, and the gradient of the sliding surface is 50 degrees.
Guizhou metamorphic rock landslide: in 2016, 10 months and 6 days, landslides occurred on the roadside of Jiuzhai Zhongzhong, Jiuzhai, Riping county. The landslide body lithology is sandy slate. The sliding surface is a joint surface developed in slate, the joint surface has good opening degree, rough surface and general combination degree, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, the softening effect of water is limited, and the gradient of the sliding surface is 38 degrees. In 2016, 10 months and 6 days, landslide occurred in the mountain behind the male dormitory of the college of Jiuzhai village, Riping county. The landslide body lithology is sandy slate. The sliding surface is a joint surface for the development of slate, the opening degree of the joint surface is good, the surface is rough, the combination degree is general, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, the softening effect of water is limited, and the gradient of the sliding surface is 38 degrees.
Glide of basalt from Sichuan: in 2010, 27 months and 4 am, landslide occurred in the towns of the universe in Hanyuan county, Sichuan province. The lithology of the landslide body is the basalt of Emei mountain. The sliding surface is a joint surface developed in basalt, the joint surface has good opening degree, rough surface and general combination degree, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, the softening effect of water is limited, and the gradient of the sliding surface is 37 degrees.
Guizhou limestone landslide: 16 days 7 months in 2014, the village in the town of sand dam of Longxi, Yuqing county, Guizhou province is landslide. The lithology of the landslide body is limestone. The sliding surface is a joint surface developed in limestone, the joint surface has good opening degree, rough surface and general combination degree, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, the softening effect of water is limited, and the gradient of the sliding surface is 39 degrees.
Chongqing limestone landslide: in 2010, 7-19 th month, landslide occurred around 1km from the town of temple dam in city, Chongqing, to county. The lithology of the landslide body is limestone. The sliding surface is a joint surface developed in limestone, the joint surface has good opening degree, rough surface and general combination degree, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, the softening effect of water is limited, and the gradient of the sliding surface is 40 degrees.
Guizhou sandstone landslide: 16 days 5 hours in 7 months in 2014 for 30 minutes, and landslide occurs in Xinzhizzhen jiacun in Xinjiang county, bronze kernel city, Guizhou province. The sliding slope lithology is sandstone and siltstone. The sliding surface is a joint surface developed in sandstone and siltstone, the joint surface has better opening degree, rough surface and general combination degree, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, the softening effect of water is limited, and the gradient of the sliding surface is 31 degrees. At 28 pm 14/6/2010, landslide occurred in village under Wuzhen, Bao Ling county, Guizhou. The top of the sliding body lithology is limestone and dolomite, the middle part is sandstone, the bottom is mainly shale and mudstone, and the part of the sliding body lithology contains a coal bed. The sliding surface is a joint surface developed in sandstone, the joint surface has good opening degree, rough surface and general combination degree, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, the softening effect of water is limited, and the gradient of the sliding surface is 50 degrees. In 28 days 6 month 2010, landslide occurred in kunjing, county, guan Ling, Guizhou province. The sliding rock is gray green thin to medium thick rock debris and siltstone. The sliding surface is a joint surface developed in sandstone, the joint surface has good opening degree, rough surface and general combination degree, the sliding surface contains less hydrophilic minerals, the shearing strength of the sliding surface is high, the softening effect of water is limited, and the gradient of the sliding surface is 34 degrees.
The rock landslide probability of the hillsides is calculated and divided by adopting the method.
The slope units involved in the calculation include at the area 19 where potential landslides are selected. Firstly, the characteristics of the sliding surface are determined, and after the characteristics are determined as the sliding surface of the joint surface, the friction angle of the sliding surface is determined
Respectively measuring the slope alpha of the sliding mass in each small area, and then measuring the area A of the sliding mass in the small area, the slope beta of the upper side surface of the sliding mass in the small area and the area Au of the upper side surface of the sliding mass in the small area; and calculating the rainfall duration D and the average rainfall intensity I of each potential landslide by adopting an interpolation method, calculating a terrain factor T by using a formula 2, calculating a rainfall factor R by using a formula 4, and calculating a geological factor G by using a formula 5. And finally, calculating an early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P by the formula 1. The terrain factor T, the rainfall factor R, the geological factor G, the early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P calculation and landslide possibility division table at the 19 positions and the actual occurrence condition of landslide are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1
According to the division standard: when P > 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 8.3 and less than or equal to 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 7 and less than or equal to 8.3, the possibility of landslide is moderate; when P is less than or equal to 7, the possibility of landslide is low. The P value calculation results in table 1 show: among the potential landslide masses at 19, there are landslides 8 where the possibility of landslide is high, landslides 5 where the possibility of landslide is high, landslides 1 where the possibility of landslide is medium, and landslides 5 where the possibility of landslide is low.
Comparing actual occurrence conditions, referring to table 1, all slopes with high possibility of 8 landslides have landslides; the 5 slopes with low possibility of landslide do not have landslide; the probability of 5 landslides is high, 2 landslides occur, and 3 landslides do not occur; a slope with a moderate probability of 1 landslide does not have a landslide.
In conclusion, the method and the device have high accuracy in dividing the landslide possibility of the rock landslide on the sliding surface of the joint surface and good early warning effect.
Claims (2)
1. A rock landslide early warning method of a joint face sliding surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. finding out the position of the sliding surface of the landslide through field investigation, determining the position as the sliding surface of the joint surface, and determining the friction angle of the sliding surface
b. Determining the slope alpha of the landslide body, the area A of the landslide body and the upper side area A of the landslide body through on-site survey and mappinguThe slope beta of the upper side surface of the landslide body; monitoring rainfall to obtain rainfall duration D and rainfall average intensity I;
c. calculating early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P of landslide, from sliding surface friction angle
Calculating and determining a terrain factor T and a rainfall factor R according to the formula 1;
P＝TR/G0.5formula 1
In the formula:
p is early warning comprehensive discrimination factor;
t is a terrain factor which is determined by calculation according to the formula 2;
r is a rainfall factor, and is determined by calculation according to formula 4;
g is a geological factor which is determined by calculation according to the formula 5;
t ═ tan (α) +3.33U formula 2
In the formula:
alpha-the slope of the landslide body;
u is an upward steep terrain factor, and is determined by calculation according to the formula 3;
U＝sin(β)Aua formula 3
In the formula:
Auupper side area of the landslide body, m2；
A-area of the landslide mass, m2；
Beta-the upper side slope of the landslide body;
R＝(I/I0)(D/D0)0.8formula 4
In the formula:
i-average intensity of rainfall, mm/h;
I0the local maximum rainfall average value of 1 hour is searched by a local hydrological manual, and the average value is mm/h;
d-duration of rainfall, h;
D0-unit time, 1 h;
in the formula:
d. dividing the early warning grade of the rock landslide of the sliding surface of the joint face by using an early warning comprehensive discrimination factor P; the greater the value of P, the greater the likelihood of landslide; the smaller the P value, the less the possibility of landslide;
in the step d, when P is more than 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 8.3 and less than or equal to 9.6, the possibility of landslide is high; when P is more than 7 and less than or equal to 8.3, the possibility of landslide is moderate; when P is less than or equal to 7, the possibility of landslide is low;
the rock landslide early warning device is suitable for early warning of rock landslides with sliding surfaces being joint surfaces in a cut-layer landslide type, and the sliding surfaces are formed by combining one or more joint surfaces through structure and surface growth.
2. The method for warning of rock landslide of a joint face sliding surface according to claim 1, wherein: in step a, the sliding surface friction angle is determined
The method is characterized in that the friction angle of the sliding surface is determined according to the friction angle value of the structural surface in the technical specification of GB 50330-2013 building slope engineering, the surface of the sliding surface of the joint surface is rough, the joint surface is a hard structural surface, the shear strength of the structural surface is related to the roughness, the combination condition, the filling state, the continuity and the external environment of the structural surface, and the properties of the sliding surface of the joint surface of the sliding slope are consistent according to the investigation of different lithological landslides, so that the friction angle of the sliding
Is 27 deg..
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