CN110183842A - 一种基于eva改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种基于eva改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN110183842A
CN110183842A CN201910501200.8A CN201910501200A CN110183842A CN 110183842 A CN110183842 A CN 110183842A CN 201910501200 A CN201910501200 A CN 201910501200A CN 110183842 A CN110183842 A CN 110183842A
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environmental protection
temperature range
wide temperature
modified polyurethane
eva
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陈岩
李�昊
肖文东
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HARBIN TONGDA INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AUTOMATION Co Ltd
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Abstract

本专利公开了一种基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料及其制备方法与应用。所述材料基料包含聚氨酯、EVA树脂、中空石英纤维、胀蛭石、无机填料、增粘树脂、阻燃剂等组份，在基料表面贴敷铝塑膜、热熔胶或无纺布。所述材料制备工艺主要包含混合工序，可能包含成型、覆膜等工序。本发明隔音性能优异，同时具有良好的耐低温性、环保性、弯折性、施工性和阻燃能力。本发明适用于轨道车辆、办公场所、会议厅、汽车内部等有隔音及减振需求的场所使用。

Description

一种基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料及其制 备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及噪声控制领域及材料领域，具体涉及一种基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
随着当今人们物质、文化、生活水平状况日益提高，对生活环境的要求也越来越高。特别是我国交通运输业突飞猛进，而伴随着技术发展轨道车辆的时速也越来越高，在出行更为便捷的同时，各种轨道车辆尤其是地铁和高速列车所发出的噪声也越来越引起人们的关注。而我国南北纬度跨度大，四季明显，应用于轨道交通的材料需要面对从高寒地带到高温地带的通用性的挑战，这一点尤为突出。
另一方面，随着城市化的加速，噪音污染也越来越严重，这一问题反复出现在工厂、管道、车辆、住宅、会议室等诸多场所。由于使用环境各异，又往往受到厚度或重量的限制(如输送管道、房间隔断、车体)，传统的隔音材料越来越不能满足使用环境的需要。与此同时，人们又对隔音材料在阻燃性、环保性、高低温适应性、施工性等方面也提出了更高的要求。
因此，研制一种具有更高性能，同时在阻燃、环保、宽温域诸多方面具有适应性的材料成为一种迫切的需求。
发明内容
本项发明的目的是提供一种隔音材料及制备成型的方法，该材料具有较高的隔音性能，同时满足阻燃、环保、耐高温/低温、施工方便等方面的要求，在-50-140℃之间都具有良好的机械及声学性能，在轨道车辆、建筑、工业等多方面具有较好的应用前景。
首先，本发明提供了一种基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料，包含如下成分：聚氨酯、EVA树脂、中空石英纤维、胀蛭石、无机填料、增粘树脂、阻燃剂。
所述隔音材料，按重量份数计，各成分含量比例如下：
所述聚氨酯和EVA树脂为热熔性树脂或反应性树脂，聚氨酯和EVA树脂玻璃化温度分别为-50-50℃及0-80℃，二者以互穿聚合物网络结构的方式结合在一起。
所述中空石英纤维的空腔直径为10-100μm，纤维空心度为0-0.5，短切长度为5-20mm。
所述膨胀蛭石由蛭石依次在400℃加热3h、室温下KH550浸润24h、120℃真空处理2h，真空度达到0.8-1个大气压。所选用的蛭石目数为30-1000目。
所述无机填料包括硫酸钡、碳酸钙、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙、纳米碳酸钙、硅藻土、铁粉、四氧化三铁、玄武岩、氮化硼、硅酸铝、鳞片石墨、石墨烯、膨胀石墨、碳纳米管、氧化铝粉、陶瓷微球、高岭土、云母、珍珠岩、海泡石中的一种或二种以上；无机填料的目数为40-2000目。
所述增粘树脂包括石蜡油、聚异丁烯、松香、石油树脂、萜烯树脂中的一种或二种以上。
所述阻燃剂包括红磷母粒、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、聚磷酸盐、三聚氰胺磷酸盐、硼酸锌中的一种或二种以上。
优选的，所述隔音材料，按重量份数计，各成分含量比例为：100份聚氨酯、50份EVA树脂、50-100份膨胀蛭石、30份中空石英纤维、100-150份无机填料硫酸钡、50-100份无机填料碳酸钙、10-30份增粘树脂石油树脂、30-50份阻燃剂红磷母粒；其中无机填料硫酸钡与无机填料碳酸钙的总质量份数为100-250份。
优选的，所述隔音材料，按重量份数计，各成分含量比例为：100份聚氨酯、100份EVA树脂、50-100份膨胀蛭石、30份中空石英纤维、50-100份无机填料玄武岩鳞片、100-200份无机填料硫酸钡、10-30份增粘树脂松香、30-50份阻燃剂红磷母粒；其中无机填料玄武岩鳞片与无机填料硫酸钡的总质量份数为100-250份。
优选的，所述隔音材料，按重量份数计，各成分含量比例为：80份聚氨酯、100份EVA树脂、50-100份膨胀蛭石、50份中空石英纤维、100-150份无机填料碳酸钙、50-100份无机填料四氧化三铁、10-30增粘树脂份石油树脂、30-50份阻燃剂氢氧化镁/氢氧化铝混合物；其中无机填料碳酸钙与无机填料四氧化三铁的总质量份数为100-250份。
第二，本发明还提供上述基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料的制备方法：
将聚氨酯、EVA树脂、中空石英纤维、胀蛭石、无机填料、增粘树脂、阻燃剂进行初步混合后，然后在挤出机或开炼机上进一步混合。所述初步混合，在捏合机、密炼机上进行或以其他方式进行。
或将聚氨酯、EVA树脂、中空石英纤维、胀蛭石、无机填料、增粘树脂、阻燃剂在捏合机、密炼机、开炼机上或以其他方式进行初步混合，然后混炼。所述混炼在130-160℃下进行，混炼时间为30-90分钟。
或将聚氨酯、EVA树脂、增粘树脂在捏合机、密炼机上或以其他方式进行初步混合，初次混炼后，加入中空石英纤维、胀蛭石、无机填料、阻燃剂，进行二次混炼。所述初次混炼在130-160℃下进行，混炼时间为30-90分钟；所述二次混炼在130-160℃，混炼时间为30-90分钟。
第三，本发明还提供上述基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料在制备隔音材料中的应用。
优选地，所述应用具体为：
1)将基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料制备成片，再用压延机进行整型得到质地、厚度均匀的片材，切割后得到规整片状材料；
2)在得到的规整片状材料的一面贴敷铝塑膜，另外一面贴敷无纺布或热熔胶膜，得到隔音垫。
步骤1)所述将材料制备成片的方法为开炼、挤出或平板的方式。
步骤1)所得规整片状材料厚度为0.5-8mm。
步骤2)所述贴敷的方式为真空覆膜、热覆膜、胶粘覆膜或覆膜机的方式。
有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明的隔音材料基于EVA改性聚氨酯，通过合理的配方，添加了各种功能填料及助剂之后得到的隔音材料具有隔音性能高、高温不变形、低温不断裂、在-50-140℃之间具有良好的机械及声学性能，耐候性及耐老化性优异的特点，同时满足轨道交通、车辆、建筑等行业对环保性及阻燃性的要求。
(2)本发明得到的隔音材料具有成型方便、施工方便的特点，并提供了一种切实可行的制备方法，依据该方法得到的隔音材料，在贴敷后可以与基材一起进行切割、安装，不会开裂和脱落。
(3)本发明具有适应性强，适用范围广的特点，可以大量用于轨道交通、汽车、车间、住宅、管道等诸多场所，具有较好的经济价值。
(4)本发明在生产及施工过程中产生零污染，同时，本发明得到的隔声材料可以回收重新再生产，环境友好性高。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种典型结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例2制备的隔音垫的实物图；
图3为本发明实施例1在5mm厚度下测得的隔音数据(混响室法)；
图4为本发明实施例1-3在5mm厚度下测得的隔音数据(驻波管法)。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式如下。
实施例1
一种基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料：各组分按质量份数计，包括100份聚氨酯、50份EVA树脂、80份膨胀蛭石、30份中空石英纤维、100份硫酸钡、100份碳酸钙、20份石油树脂、40份红磷母粒。
其制备工艺为：
将所有材料称重后，加入密炼机中，设定温度140℃下混合30分钟。
用于制备隔音材料：
1)出料，在开放式炼胶机上开炼，包辊后将材料取下，在压延机上整型，得到5mm厚的片材；
2)切割后，在真空覆膜机上覆膜，片材两面分别贴敷0.05mm厚铝塑膜及无纺布，得到隔音垫的规格产品。
实施例2
一种基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料：各组分按质量份数计，包括80份聚氨酯、80份EVA树脂、60份膨胀蛭石、30份中空石英纤维、50份玄武岩鳞片、180份硫酸钡、20份松香、40份红磷母粒。
其制备工艺为：
将所有材料称重后混合研磨10分钟，之后在捏合机中室温下混合。
用于制备隔音材料：
1)出料，将所得材料通过挤出机成片；
2)通过压延机-覆膜机联动装置，得到5mm厚的覆膜后的规则片材。材料两面分别贴敷0.1mm厚的铝塑膜及无纺布。
实施例3
一种基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料：各组分按质量份数计，包括60份聚氨酯、100份EVA树脂、80份膨胀蛭石、50份中空石英纤维、150份碳酸钙、100份四氧化三铁、20份石油树脂、10-30份阻燃剂、30份氢氧化镁、10份氢氧化铝。
其制备工艺为：
将所有材料称重后，在捏合机中室温下混合。
用于制备隔音材料：
1)出料，设定开放式炼胶机温度140-160℃，在开放式炼胶机上开炼，包辊后将材料取下，在压延机上整型，得到5mm厚的片材；
2)切割后，在真空覆膜机上覆膜，片材两面分别贴敷0.05mm厚铝塑膜及无纺布，得到隔音垫的规格产品。
本发明得到的隔音垫产品(实施例1-3制备的隔音垫产品，以5mm为例)，按照GB/T19889.3-2005《声学建筑和建筑构件隔声测量第3部分建筑构件空气声隔声的实验室测量》的检测方法，在100Hz-5000Hz范围内的计权隔声量均达到33dB以上；其中，2000Hz以上的各频率点隔声量均在40dB以上。该材料耐温性好，在-40℃下均仍能保持柔软的特性，同时在80℃下均能够保持与基材的贴敷性且不变形、不流淌。材料可以满足轨道交通、车辆、住宅等诸多应用场所对环保、阻燃的特性要求。

Claims (10)

1.一种基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料，其特征在于：包含如下成分：聚氨酯、EVA树脂、中空石英纤维、胀蛭石、无机填料、增粘树脂、阻燃剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料，其特征在于：所述隔音材料，按重量份数计，各成分含量比例如下：
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料，其特征在于：所述中空石英纤维的空腔直径为10-100μm，纤维空心度为0-0.5，短切长度为5-20mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料，其特征在于：所述膨胀蛭石由蛭石依次在400℃加热3h、室温下KH550浸润24h、120℃真空处理2h，真空度达到0.8-1个大气压；所选用的蛭石目数为30-1000目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料，其特征在于：所述无机填料包括硫酸钡、碳酸钙、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙、纳米碳酸钙、硅藻土、铁粉、四氧化三铁、玄武岩、氮化硼、硅酸铝、鳞片石墨、石墨烯、膨胀石墨、碳纳米管、氧化铝粉、陶瓷微球、高岭土、云母、珍珠岩、海泡石中的一种或二种以上；无机填料的目数为40-2000目。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料，其特征在于：所述增粘树脂包括石蜡油、聚异丁烯、松香、石油树脂、萜烯树脂中的一种或二种以上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料，其特征在于：所述阻燃剂包括红磷母粒、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、聚磷酸盐、三聚氰胺磷酸盐、硼酸锌中的一种或二种以上。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料的制备方法，其特征在于：方法具体为：将聚氨酯、EVA树脂、中空石英纤维、胀蛭石、无机填料、增粘树脂、阻燃剂进行初步混合后，然后在挤出机或开炼机上进一步混合。所述初步混合，在捏合机、密炼机上进行或以其他方式进行。
9.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料的制备方法，其特征在于：方法具体为：将聚氨酯、EVA树脂、中空石英纤维、胀蛭石、无机填料、增粘树脂、阻燃剂在捏合机、密炼机、开炼机上或以其他方式进行初步混合，然后混炼。
10.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的基于EVA改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料在制备隔音材料中的应用。
CN201910501200.8A 2019-06-11 2019-06-11 一种基于eva改性聚氨酯的宽温域阻燃环保隔音材料及其制备方法与应用 Pending CN110183842A (zh)

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