CN110182963B - Improved back flushing device of biological filter and application of improved back flushing device in biological filter back flushing - Google Patents
Improved back flushing device of biological filter and application of improved back flushing device in biological filter back flushing Download PDFInfo
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- CN110182963B CN110182963B CN201910376159.6A CN201910376159A CN110182963B CN 110182963 B CN110182963 B CN 110182963B CN 201910376159 A CN201910376159 A CN 201910376159A CN 110182963 B CN110182963 B CN 110182963B
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- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 402
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 123
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2003/001—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/03—Pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/11—Turbidity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to a sewage treatment device, in particular to an improved backwash device of a biological filter and application of the backwash device in the biological filter. The back flushing device comprises a biological filter which is provided with a buffer water distribution area, a filter plate, a supporting layer, a filter material layer and a clear water area, wherein the input ends of a back flushing air inlet pipeline, a back flushing water inlet pipeline and a back flushing water inlet pipeline are respectively connected with the buffer water distribution area, a back flushing water outlet in the clear water area is connected with a drainage pipeline, a turbidity detector is arranged in the clear water area, and the turbidity detector, a pumping device in the air inlet pipeline, the back flushing air inlet pipeline, the water inlet pipeline, the drainage pipeline, the back flushing water inlet pipeline and the back flushing drainage pipeline, and a control valve are electrically connected with the control device; the backwash water outlet of the biological filter is provided with a filter screen, a water inlet pressure sensor is arranged on the water inlet pipe, and the signal output of the water inlet pressure sensor is connected with the control device. The invention effectively solves the problem of unstable backwashing effect in the prior art, and has the advantages of remarkably reduced energy consumption, small investment of equipment and civil engineering, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a sewage treatment device, in particular to an improved backwash device of a biological filter and application of the backwash device in the backwash of the biological filter.
Background
The biological filter integrates biochemical reaction and filtration, and relies on the physical filtration effect of the filler in the sewage (waste) water treatment structure and the biochemical effect of aerobic oxidation, anoxic denitrification and the like of the biological film attached and grown on the filler to jointly remove the pollutants in the sewage (waste). The biological filter can be divided into a carbon oxidation filter, a nitrification aeration biological filter, a post denitrification filter or a pre denitrification filter and the like according to different treatment pollutants. Compared with the common activated sludge method, the biological filter process saves a subsequent sedimentation tank, has the characteristics of large volume load and hydraulic load, short hydraulic retention time, small required capital investment, good denitrification effect and low operation cost, and is widely applied to newly built town sewage treatment plants, the extension and upgrading transformation of original sewage treatment plants, the advanced sewage treatment and the biochemical industrial wastewater treatment.
According to the requirements of the technical specification of sewage treatment engineering by biological filter method (HJ 2014-2012), the total height (H) of the filter is the sum of the height (H 1) of a filter material layer, the height (H 2) of a bearing layer, the thickness (H 3) of a filter plate, the height (H 4) of a water distribution area, the height (H 5) of a clear water area and the ultra-high height (H 6) of the filter, and can be calculated according to the following formula:
H＝H1+H2+H3+H4+H5+H6
Wherein:
H 1 -the height of the filter material layer, the rice, the value is preferably 2.5-4.5 meters;
H 2 -bearing layer height, meter, preferably 0.3 meter-0.4 meter;
h 3 -thickness of filter plate, meter;
H 4 -the height of the water distribution area is preferably 1.2-1.5 m;
H 5 -the height of the clean water zone, the rice, preferably 0.8-1.0 meter;
h 6 -the filter is ultrahigh, rice is preferably 0.5 m.
When the biological filter is backwashed by the filter material, the filter material layer can expand, the height of the filler layer is increased, and a higher clear water area height is required to be arranged in order to prevent the filter material from being flushed out of the filter with the backwater. The higher clear water zone height has the following problems: firstly, the height of the filter tank is increased, the invalid volume is increased, so that the retention time of backwash water in the filter tank is longer, and suspended matters in the water can be flushed out of the filter tank only by the larger backwash water quantity; secondly, the height of the filter tank is increased, so that the construction cost of the tank body is increased; thirdly, the height of the filter tank is increased, so that the lift of the water inlet pump and the backwash water pump is increased, the wind pressure of the backwash fan is increased, the pressure level of equipment selection is increased, the power is increased, and the equipment investment and the operation cost are increased.
Because of the continuous growth of the biological film on the surface of the filter material in the biological filter and the interception of suspended matters, the head loss (the loss of the mechanical energy of the unit mass liquid in the motion process of water flow is called head loss) is increased continuously along with the time extension, the water treatment effect is reduced continuously, and the timing or automatic backwashing is needed. According to the requirements of the technical specification of sewage treatment engineering by biological filter method (HJ 2014-2012), three processes of air washing, air-water combined flushing and independent water washing are recommended to carry out backwashing, wherein the backwashing period is related to the load of the filter, the filtering time, the loss of the filter head and the like, the backwashing period is recommended to be 24-72 h, and the reference backwashing strength is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 flushing strength and flushing time of backwash
| Project | Separate air washing | Gas-water combined flushing | Washing with water alone |
| Intensity/L (m 2 s) | 12-25 | Air: 10-15 parts; water: 4-6 | 8-16 |
| Time/min | 3-10 | 3-5 | 3-10 |
The water inlet mode of the biological filter is mainly lower inlet and upper outlet, the filler is porous filler such as volcanic rock or biological haydite and the like, the dual effects of pollutant removal and filtration are achieved, suspended matters in sewage are mainly trapped at the lower part of the filler layer, the porous structure is used for the growth of microorganisms for removing pollutants and forming a biological film, the biological film has certain viscosity and larger adhesive force, and the biological film is required to be continuously backwashed and flushed for updating in order to keep higher biological activity. The biological filter is backwashed by adopting the following steps: firstly, air washing is adopted to expand the packing layer, and massive substances and substances which are easy to fall off are washed off firstly; then, gas-water mixed washing is carried out to form a gas-water scrubbing process, and the adhered aged film is washed off; finally, the air bubbles attached to the filler layer are driven out by pure water washing, suspended matters in water are washed out of the filter tank, and the content index of the suspended matters in the water discharged from the filter tank is ensured to reach the standard. In actual engineering, most biological filters are backwashed regularly and the backwashed duration is a fixed value, so that operators cannot take adjustment measures in time according to the change of the water quality or the water quantity. Most of the treatment effects are deteriorated, measures for strengthening backwashing are passively taken, the filter is greatly damaged, the filter is easy to block after long-term operation, and the normal operation of the system is seriously affected.
The filler is generally quartz sand, non-porous matters, no biofilm grows on the surface, the filler only plays a role in filtering, the water inlet mode is up-in and down-out, suspended substances are mainly trapped on the upper part of a filler layer, suspended substances trapped by the filter are gradually increased along with the progress of filtering, the water outlet resistance is gradually increased, the liquid level of the filter is continuously increased, and backwashing is started after a certain liquid level is reached. The backwashing is generally carried out only according to the rising height value of the liquid level at the top of the tank. The backwashing is only carried out by a stage of gas-water mixed washing, and the trapped suspended matters are washed out of the filter tank.
The evaluation of the backwashing effect is generally based on the water head loss of the filter material layer when the backwashing is finished and is operated again, namely the backwashing effect is judged by the change of the water inlet pressure, and the water inlet pressure is larger than the set pressure when the backwashing is carried out again, which indicates that the backwashing strength is insufficient and the aged biological film is not washed off; the water inlet pressure is smaller than the set pressure, which indicates that the backwashing strength is too high, new biological membranes are washed away, and the pollutant removal effect is poor.
Patent documents retrieved by the applicant include:
patent document 201710308049.7 discloses a high-efficiency backwashing method for a biological filter, wherein an electric baffle is arranged in a clear water area 200-300 mm above a filter material layer of the biological filter, and after backwashing is finished, the electric baffle is opened to discharge part of backwash sewage remained in the clear water area out of the tank. In the prior art, although the electric baffle is arranged on the pool wall of the clean water area, the electric baffle is not in a mesh structure, and is only used for emptying sewage at the upper part after backwashing is finished, and the effects of intercepting the filler and reducing the height of the clean water area are avoided.
Patent document CN201620020029.0 discloses a high-efficiency aeration biological filter, a porous plate is arranged at the water outlet weir to trap filter materials, and the filling height of the filter material layer is increased. However, the water outlet porous plate arranged in the prior art is fixedly arranged, the water outlet is covered in the whole backwashing period, suspended matters or sundries exceeding the aperture of the porous plate in the filter tank cannot be discharged out of the filter tank, and the sundries in the filter tank are accumulated to influence the operation of the filter tank.
Patent document 201110022603.8 discloses a real-time automatic backwashing control system and an operation method of a denitrification filter, wherein an online turbidity meter is arranged in a clear water area above a filter material layer in the denitrification filter, and the automatic backwashing is realized by judging whether to start the automatic backwashing and controlling the backwashing time through the calculation and control of effluent turbidity signals and filtering time. The patent does not relate to the problem of head loss, but only starts automatic backwashing according to the turbidity of the discharged water and the running time, when the head loss of the filter tank is large, the water inflow is reduced, the power consumption is increased, and even if the set maximum filtration time is not reached, the automatic backwashing is started. In addition, the independent air washing time length is fixed time length, and the self-adjusting of the backwashing time length of the independent air washing stage is not involved. In the prior art, in the air-water combined back flushing stage, the turbidity of the effluent is greater than 1000NTU for 1 minute, the back flushing time is greater than 4 minutes, or the first derivative of the turbidity of the effluent is greater than 0.1 NTU/minute for 2 minutes, and the back flushing time is greater than 4 minutes, or the back flushing time is longer than a set time, as the basis for ending the stage, the turbidity of the effluent has a process of increasing and decreasing after the air-water combined back flushing stage, the turbidity decreasing process is a process of expanding a filter material layer by back flushing gas and conveying a biological film falling off from the filter material inside the filler layer to the outside of the filter tank by the pushing action of the back flushing water, and in the prior art, the turbidity of the effluent may still be in an ascending stage but does not reach the maximum value or stops the air flushing just reaching the maximum value in the air-water combined back flushing stage, so that a large amount of suspended matters stays inside the filler layer, and the suspended matters can be flushed out of the filter tank only by the independent water in the next stage without the expanding action of gas, thereby wasting energy.
Patent document 201621245130.2 discloses an improved backwash system, a liquid level meter is arranged in a V-shaped filter tank, an online turbidity meter is arranged in a drainage tank, and the liquid level signal is processed and calculated by a PLC to judge whether to start gas-water combined backwash. When the turbidity is lower than a set value, the back washing is stopped, and the system also realizes simpler automatic back washing and avoids errors caused by manual judgment. The patent document with the application number 201410568279.3 discloses a filter material blockage detection method and a device thereof for a water treatment filter, and relates to a downward flow filter material filter, wherein a radar liquid level meter is arranged in a wastewater area at the upper part of the filter, a pressure transmitter is arranged in a clear water area at the lower part of a filter plate of the filter, and the liquid level and pressure signal are processed and calculated through a PLC (programmable logic controller) to judge whether to start gas-water combined back flushing. The problems of the two prior art techniques are as follows: firstly, the filter tank only plays a role in filtering, no biofilm grows on the surface of the filler in the filter tank, and the problem that the biofilm needs to be backwashed, washed and updated is avoided. And the related backwashing process is only carried out by gas-water mixed washing, and is different from the process of carrying out gas washing, gas-water mixed washing and water washing on the biological filter. Thirdly, the liquid level and pressure signals are only used for judging the start and stop of backwashing and are not used for adjusting backwashing strength or backwashing effect. And fourthly, judging whether the filter tank is opened for backwashing is not combined with the operation time, and if the difference between the turbidity of the discharged water and the pressure of the filter material does not reach a set value, the backwashing is started after the operation time exceeds a certain period of time, otherwise, the phenomenon of hardening of partial areas or aging of biological membranes is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an improved backwash device of a biological filter and application thereof in backwash of the biological filter, and the backwash device can reduce the height of a clean water zone by optimizing a backwash drainage structure of the biological filter, and a control device calculates and judges whether to send out an automatic backwash instruction according to operation parameters acquired in real time, so that technical measures such as automatic adjustment of backwash duration in the backwash process can be achieved, and the aims of reducing investment cost, backwash water consumption and operation cost can be achieved.
The invention has the following overall technical concept:
The improved back flushing device of the biological filter comprises the biological filter, wherein a buffer water distribution area, a filter plate, a supporting layer, a filter material layer and a clear water area are sequentially arranged in the biological filter from bottom to top, the supporting layer is arranged between the filter material layer and the filter plate in a clamping manner, the input ends of a back flushing air inlet pipeline, a water inlet pipeline and a back flushing water inlet pipeline are respectively connected with the buffer water distribution area, a back flushing water outlet in the clear water area is connected with a water discharge pipeline, a turbidity detector is arranged in the clear water area, and the turbidity detector, the air inlet pipeline, the back flushing air inlet pipeline, the water discharge pipeline, the back flushing water inlet pipeline, a pumping device in the back flushing water discharge pipeline, a control valve and a control device are electrically connected; the height of the clear water area is 0.3-0.7 m, a filter screen longitudinally driven by a linear driving mechanism is arranged at the backwash water outlet of the biological filter, a water inlet pressure sensor is arranged on the water inlet pipeline, and the signal output of the water inlet sensor is connected with the control device.
The improved back flushing device of the biological filter is applied to back flushing of the biological filter.
The specific technical concept of the invention is as follows:
The biological filter can be divided into a carbon oxidation filter, a nitrification aeration biological filter, a post denitrification or pre denitrification filter and the like, and in order to make the invention better applied to the aeration biological filter, an air aerator is arranged in the supporting layer.
In order to realize effective interception of the filter screen to the filler, the preferable technical implementation means is that the pore diameter of the filter screen is not more than the particle size of the filler in the filter material layer.
The more preferable technical implementation means is that the pore diameter of the filter screen is 50% -90% of the particle size of the filler in the filter material layer.
The main function of the linear driving mechanism is to meet the requirement of longitudinally driving the filter screen so as to intercept materials such as filler floating up due to back flushing, and the linear driving mechanism can be realized by adopting various prior technical means, and in order to facilitate control and installation, the preferred technical implementation means is that the linear driving mechanism is electrically connected with a control device, and the linear driving mechanism comprises one or a combination of a linear motor, a hydraulic cylinder, a screw feeding mechanism, a gear rack mechanism and a parallelogram mechanism. The more preferable technical implementation means is to adopt a linear motor or a hydraulic cylinder.
In order to realize on-off and quantitative control on material input and output in each pipeline, the preferable technical implementation means is that a pumping device and a control valve are arranged in an air inlet pipeline, a backwashing air inlet pipeline, a water inlet pipeline, a drainage pipeline, a backwashing water inlet pipeline and a backwashing drainage pipeline, the pumping device and the control valve comprise an air inlet valve connected with the air inlet pipeline, a variable-frequency backwashing air pump and a backwashing air inlet valve connected with the backwashing air inlet pipeline, an water inlet valve connected with the water inlet pipeline, a backwashing water inlet valve and a variable-frequency backwashing water pump connected with the backwashing water inlet pipeline, a backwashing water outlet valve connected with the backwashing drainage pipeline and a water outlet valve connected with the drainage pipeline.
The application of the improved backwash device of the biological filter in the backwash of the biological filter comprises the following process steps:
A. Information acquisition and backwash frequency setting
When the biological filter sewage treatment system operates, the control device collects water inlet pressure, operation time and water outlet turbidity signals, and the water inlet pressure sensor collects initial pressure P and outputs the initial pressure P to the control device to be compared with a set value P S、Pk within 1-30 minutes after water inlet operation is started:
A 1, when P is more than P S, increasing the frequency of the variable-frequency backwashing air pump and the variable-frequency backwashing water pump by 2-20 Hz, and meeting the condition that the frequency of the variable-frequency backwashing air pump and the variable-frequency backwashing water pump is not more than a set upper limit value;
A 2, when P is smaller than P k, reducing the frequency of the variable-frequency backwashing air pump and the variable-frequency backwashing water pump by 2-20 Hz during backwashing, and meeting the condition that the frequency of the variable-frequency backwashing air pump and the variable-frequency backwashing water pump is not smaller than a set lower limit value;
A 3, when P k≤P≤PS, the frequency of the variable-frequency backwashing air pump and the variable-frequency backwashing water pump is consistent with that of the last backwashing;
B. starting a backwash procedure
When the backwashing conditions are met, the control device starts an automatic backwashing program, wherein the backwashing conditions meet one of the following conditions, namely, the water treatment process is stopped, and the automatic backwashing program is started:
B 1, the pressure value acquired by the water inlet pressure sensor is larger than a set value;
B 2, the turbidity value acquired by the turbidity detector is larger than a set value, and the turbidity set value is 2NTU-10NTU;
B 3, the single continuous operation time of the biological filter sewage treatment collected by the control device is larger than a set value;
C. Backwash program process control
The biological filter backwashing program is sequentially carried out according to three stages of air washing, air-water mixed washing and water washing, a filter screen is controlled to descend and cover the surface of a water outlet in the air washing and air-water mixed washing stages, the filter screen is lifted to the water outlet to be opened in the water washing stage, the preset time periods of the air washing, air-water mixed washing and water washing stages are respectively 3 minutes to 10 minutes, 3 minutes to 5 minutes, 3 minutes to 10 minutes, and the time period control is carried out according to the comparison result of the maximum value X, Y of the backwash water turbidity collected by a turbidity detector in the preset time period in the air washing and air-water mixed washing process and the set value X S、YS in the corresponding stage:
c 1, backwashing according to the preset time length of the stage when the backwash water turbidity value X is less than or equal to the set value X S or when the backwash water turbidity value Y is less than or equal to the set value Y S;
C 2, when the backwash water turbidity value X > the set value X S or when the backwash water turbidity value Y > the set value Y S, backwash time=preset time+extension time, wherein the extension time is 30% -100% of the preset time;
In the water washing process, according to the comparison result of the backwash water turbidity value Z acquired by the turbidity detector at the end of the preset time length and the set value Z S in the corresponding stage, the time length is controlled:
C 3, backwashing according to the preset duration of the stage when the turbidity value Z of the backwash water is less than or equal to the set value Z S;
C 4, when the backwash water turbidity value Z > the set value Z S, backwash time=preset time+extension time, wherein the extension time is cut off when backwash is performed to the backwash water turbidity value z=the set value Z S.
The applicant needs to say that:
In the description of the present invention, the terms "inner," "bottom," "top," "output," "input," and the like refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, for convenience of simplifying the description of the present invention, and do not refer to or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention has the substantial characteristics and the remarkable technical progress that:
1. according to the invention, the height of the clear water area is effectively reduced (the height of the clear water area is controlled to be 0.3-0.7 m, the standard requirement is 0.8-1.0 m), and a filter screen longitudinally driven by a linear driving mechanism is arranged at the backwash water outlet of the biological filter, so that equipment and civil engineering cost are saved, the height of the filter is reduced by 0.1-0.7 m, the lift of a water inlet pump and a backwash water pump is reduced by 0.1-0.7 m, the wind pressure of a backwash fan and the like are also reduced by 0.1-0.7 m, and equipment and civil engineering cost can be reduced by about 5-15%; secondly, the retention time of backwash water can be reduced during backwash, biological flocs can be discharged out of the pond more quickly, backwash water quantity and energy consumption are saved, smaller flocs can be discharged after passing through the filter screen along with backwash water during air washing and air-water mixed washing, and the large backwash strength filler layer can be prevented from expanding during air-water mixed washing, so that filler is flushed out of the filter pond; when the filter screen is washed by water alone, the filler layer expands less, and the filter screen is automatically opened, so that suspended biological flocs or other floating garbage with the aperture of the particle size super-filter screen is discharged out of the pond.
2. The invention adopts the structural design that the water inlet pressure sensor is arranged on the water inlet pipe, and the turbidity measuring instrument is arranged in the clear water area, firstly, the control device judges whether to adopt a backwashing program or not through signal comparison of pressure, turbidity, operation time length and the like, thereby avoiding too early or too late backwashing, and ensuring the maximum saving of backwashing water consumption and the optimal backwashing effect. Secondly, after the water inflow load is increased, the biological flocs are rapidly increased, the head loss is rapidly increased, and the water inflow pressure sensor can timely take a backwashing program, so that the water inflow reduction and water outflow deterioration caused by serious blockage of a packing layer are avoided. Thirdly, respectively calculating the backwashing time length of each stage of air washing, air-water mixed washing and water washing in the backwashing process according to the backwashing water turbidity signals acquired by the control device in real time. Therefore, the backwashing time can be actively adjusted in time according to the change of the water inflow load, the backwashing effect and the running stability can be ensured, and the energy consumption and the water consumption can be saved to the maximum extent.
3. After the backwashing device finishes each backwashing, the initial pressure head loss when sewage is treated starts to judge the backwashing effect of each time and feed back the backwashing effect, and the operation frequency of a backwashing air pump and a backwashing water pump is controlled by using a variable-frequency speed regulation method in the next backwashing process to regulate the air flow and the water flow so as to ensure that the initial pressure head loss is stabilized within a certain range, thereby achieving the backwashing effect and reducing the energy consumption. The applicant tests prove that the method saves electricity consumption and water consumption by about 5% -25% compared with a mode of fixing the backwash period and backwash strength.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a control schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of the portion a of fig. 1.
Reference numerals in the drawings are as follows:
1. A biological filter; 2. a clear water zone; 3. a filter material layer; 4. a support layer; 5. a turbidity detector; 6. a filter screen; 7. backwashing a drain valve; 8. a water outlet valve; 9. a control device; 10. a variable-frequency backwashing air pump; 11. an intake valve; 12. backwashing an air inlet valve; 13. buffering the water distribution area; 14. a filter plate; 15. an air aerator; 16. a water inlet pressure sensor; 17. a backwash water inlet valve; 18. variable-frequency backwashing water pump; 19. a water inlet valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalents thereof may be substituted according to the description without departing from the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The integral structure of the nitrifying and aerating biological filter applied to the biological filter is shown in the figure, wherein an improved backwashing device of the biological filter comprises a biological filter 1, a buffer water distribution area 13, a filter plate 14, a supporting layer 4, a filter material layer 3 and a clear water area 2 are sequentially arranged in the biological filter 1 from bottom to top, the supporting layer 4 is clamped between the filter material layer 3 and the filter plate 14, the input ends of a backwashing air inlet pipeline, a water inlet pipeline and a backwashing water inlet pipeline are respectively connected with the buffer water distribution area 13, a backwashing water outlet in the clear water area 2 is connected with a drainage pipeline, a turbidity detector 5 is arranged in the clear water area 2, and the turbidity detector 5, the air inlet pipeline, the backwashing air inlet pipeline, the water inlet pipeline, the drainage pipeline, the backwashing water inlet pipeline, a pumping device in the backwashing drainage pipeline and a control valve are electrically connected with a control device 9; the height of the clear water area 2 is 0.3-0.7 m, a filter screen 6 longitudinally driven by a linear driving mechanism is arranged at the backwash water outlet of the biological filter 1, a water inlet pressure sensor 16 is arranged on the water inlet pipeline, and the signal output of the water inlet pressure sensor is connected with a control device 9.
The pore diameter of the filter screen 6 is 50% -90% of the particle size of the filler in the filter material layer 3.
The linear driving mechanism adopts a linear motor or a hydraulic cylinder and is electrically connected with the control device 9.
The water pump is characterized in that a pumping device and a control valve are arranged in an air inlet pipeline, a backwashing air inlet pipeline, a water inlet pipeline, a drainage pipeline, a backwashing water inlet pipeline and a backwashing drainage pipeline, the pumping device and the control valve comprise an air inlet valve 11 connected with the air inlet pipeline, a variable-frequency backwashing air pump 10 and a backwashing air inlet valve 12 connected with the backwashing air inlet pipeline, a water inlet valve 19 connected with the water inlet pipeline, a backwashing water inlet valve 17 and a variable-frequency backwashing water pump 18 connected with the backwashing water inlet pipeline, a backwashing water drainage valve 7 connected with the backwashing drainage pipeline and a water outlet valve 8 connected with the drainage pipeline. In order to control the valve and the action executing element conveniently, the valve, the water pump, the air pump and the linear driving mechanism are electrically connected with the control device 9 through the relay and the frequency converter.
Example 2
The application of the improved backwash device of the biological filter in the embodiment in the backwash of the biological filter is specifically as follows:
The backwash device of the improved biological filter in the embodiment 1 is adopted, the water treatment amount is 500 liters/hour, the height of a clean water area is 0.7 meter, the pore diameter of a filter screen is 90% of the particle size of a biological filter material, and the backwash device comprises the following steps:
A. Information acquisition and backwash frequency setting
When the biological filter sewage treatment system operates, sewage enters the bottom of the biological filter 1 through a water inlet pipeline, a water inlet pressure sensor 16 and a water inlet valve 19, air enters the bottom of the biological filter 1 through an air inlet pipeline, an air inlet valve 11 and an air aerator 15, a control device 9 collects water inlet pressure, operation time and water outlet turbidity signals, when water inlet operation is started for 1 minute, the water inlet pressure sensor 16 collects initial pressure P to be 0.057 megapascal and is between a set value of 0.056 megapascal and 0.058 megapascal, and the frequency of a backwashing time-varying backwash air pump 10 and a frequency-varying backwash water pump 18 is consistent with that of the last backwashing time;
B. starting a backwash procedure
The single continuous running time of the biological filter sewage treatment collected by the control device 9 is 36 hours and is more than the set value for 35 hours, the water inlet valve 19 and the air inlet valve 11 are closed, and the next automatic backwashing program is started;
C. Backwash program process control
And (3) air washing: the control device 9 opens the backwash drain valve 7 by sending out a control signal, closes the water outlet valve 8, controls the filter screen 6 to descend and cover the water outlet surface, opens the backwash air inlet valve 12 and the variable-frequency backwash air pump 10, and reads on-line parameters during air washing when the air washing preset time is 3 minutes: the turbidity detector 5 transmits the collected maximum value X of the turbidity of the backwash water to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares the maximum value X of the turbidity of the backwash water (70 NTU) with the set value X S (50 NTU), and the gas washing time is prolonged to 30 percent of the preset time (namely, 0.9 minutes). The total air washing time is 3.9 minutes, and after the air washing is finished, the air-water mixed washing step is carried out;
Gas-water mixed washing: the control device 9 controls to open the backwash water inlet valve 17 and the variable-frequency backwash water pump 18, the mixed washing preset time is 3 minutes, the filter screen 6 is kept to cover the surface of the water outlet of the filter tank, the biological film or impurities falling off during the mixed washing are discharged out of the tank after passing through the filter screen 6, the biological filler is trapped in the tank, and the online parameters are read during the mixed washing: the turbidity detector 5 transmits the maximum value X of the backwash water turbidity to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares the maximum value Y of the backwash water turbidity (170 NTU) with the set value Y S (150 NTU), and the gas-water mixed washing time is prolonged to 30 percent of the preset time (namely, 0.9 minutes). After the gas-water mixed washing is completed, the control device 9 controls the variable-frequency backwashing air pump 10 and the backwashing air inlet valve 12 to be closed, and the washing step is carried out;
Washing: the control device 9 controls the filter screen 6 to be opened, the water outlet is opened, the backwash water inlet valve 17 and the variable-frequency backwash water pump 18 are kept in an opened state, the preset washing time is 3 minutes, and the fallen biological film or impurity garbage and the like are discharged out of the tank along with backwash water through the water outlet after the filter screen 6 is opened. Reading on-line parameters during water washing: the turbidity detector 5 transmits a turbidity signal to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares the turbidity signal, when the preset time period is over, the backwash water turbidity value Z (4 NTU) is larger than the set value Z S (2 NTU), the water washing time is prolonged, and the backwash is performed until the backwash water turbidity value X=2 NTU (3 minutes). After the total water washing time is 6 minutes, the control device 9 controls the variable-frequency backwash water pump 18 and the backwash water inlet valve 17 to be closed, the water washing is finished, and the backwash process is finished. Step a is re-entered.
After 360 hours of test operation, the biological filter of the embodiment operates stably, automatically starts a backwashing program at proper time, ensures that effluent reaches the standard and the biological filter is not blocked, saves 5 percent of backwash water quantity (about 200 liters) and 5 percent of electric quantity (about 15 kilowatt-hours) compared with a fixed backwashing period and an intensity mode, and reduces the construction cost of a tank body by about 5 percent in addition to a lower clean water area.
Example 3
The application of the improved backwash device of the biological filter in the embodiment in the backwash of the biological filter is specifically as follows:
The backwash device of the improved biological filter in the embodiment 1 is adopted, the water treatment amount is 500 liters/hour, the height of a clean water area is 0.5 meter, the pore diameter of a filter screen is 70% of the particle size of biological filter materials, and the backwash device comprises the following steps:
A. Information acquisition and backwash frequency setting
When the biological filter sewage treatment system operates, sewage enters the bottom of the biological filter 1 through a water inlet pipeline, a water inlet pressure sensor 16 and a water inlet valve 19, air enters the bottom of the biological filter 1 through an air inlet pipeline, an air inlet valve 11 and an air aerator 15, a control device 9 collects water inlet pressure, operation time and water outlet turbidity signals, when water inlet operation is started for 15 minutes, the water inlet pressure sensor 16 collects initial pressure P to be 0.057 megapascals and is larger than a set value P S (0.055 megapascals), and the frequency of a backwashing time-varying backwash air pump 10 and a variable-frequency backwash water pump 18 is respectively increased by 20 hertz;
B. starting a backwash procedure
When the biological filter sewage treatment system runs for 40 hours, the water inlet pressure value acquired by the water inlet pressure sensor 16 is 0.066 megapascal (more than 0.065 megapascal preset), the water inlet valve 19 is closed, and the air inlet valve 11 is opened for the next backwashing program;
C. Backwash program process control
And (3) air washing: the control device 9 opens the backwash drain valve 7 by sending out a control signal, closes the water outlet valve 8, controls the filter screen 6 to descend and cover the water outlet surface, opens the backwash air inlet valve 12 and the variable-frequency backwash air pump 10, and reads on-line parameters during air washing when the air washing preset time is 7 minutes: the turbidity detector 5 transmits the collected maximum value X of the turbidity of the backwash water to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares the maximum value X of the turbidity of the backwash water (150 NTU) with the set value X S (70 NTU), and the gas washing time is prolonged to 100 percent of the preset time (namely 7 minutes). The total air washing time is 14 minutes, and after the air washing is finished, the air-water mixed washing step is carried out;
Gas-water mixed washing: the control device 9 controls to open the backwash water inlet valve 17 and the variable-frequency backwash water pump 18, the mixed washing preset time is 4 minutes, the filter screen 6 is kept to cover the surface of the water outlet of the filter tank, the biological film or impurities falling off during the mixed washing are discharged out of the tank after passing through the filter screen 6, the biological filler is trapped in the tank, and the online parameters are read during the mixed washing: the turbidity detector 5 transmits the maximum value X of the backwash water turbidity to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares the maximum value Y of the backwash water turbidity (380 NTU) with the set value Y S (150 NTU), and the gas-water mixed washing time is prolonged to 100 percent of the preset time (namely, 4 minutes). After the gas-water mixed washing is completed, the control device 9 controls the variable-frequency backwashing air pump 10 and the backwashing air inlet valve 12 to be closed, and the washing step is carried out;
Washing: the control device 9 controls the filter screen 6 to be opened, the water outlet is opened, the backwash water inlet valve 17 and the variable-frequency backwash water pump 18 are kept in an opened state, the preset washing time is 7 minutes, and the fallen biological film or impurity garbage and the like are discharged out of the tank along with backwash water through the water outlet after the filter screen 6 is opened. Reading on-line parameters during water washing: the turbidity detector 5 transmits a turbidity signal to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares the turbidity signal, and when the preset time period is over, the backwash water turbidity value Z (3 NTU) is larger than the set value Z S (2 NTU), the water washing time is prolonged, and the backwash is performed until the backwash water turbidity value Z=2 NTU (the time period is 2.1 minutes). After the total water washing time is 9.1 minutes, the control device 9 controls the variable-frequency backwashing water pump 18 and the backwashing water inlet valve 17 to be closed, the water washing is finished, and the backwashing process is finished. Step a is re-entered.
After 360 hours of test operation, the biological filter of the embodiment operates stably, automatically starts a backwashing program at proper time, ensures that effluent reaches the standard and the biological filter is not blocked, saves 15 percent (about 400 liters) of backwash water quantity and 16 percent (about 37 kilowatt-hours) of electric quantity compared with a fixed backwashing period and an intensity mode, and reduces the construction cost of a tank body by about 10 percent in addition to a lower clean water area.
Example 4
The application of the improved backwash device of the biological filter in the embodiment in the backwash of the biological filter is specifically as follows:
The backwash device of the improved biological filter in the embodiment 1 is adopted, the water treatment amount is 500 liters/hour, the height of a clean water area is 0.3 meter, the pore diameter of a filter screen is 50% of the particle size of a biological filter material, and the backwash device comprises the following steps:
A. Information acquisition and backwash frequency setting
When the biological filter sewage treatment system operates, sewage enters the bottom of the biological filter 1 through a water inlet pipeline, a water inlet pressure sensor 16 and a water inlet valve 19, air enters the bottom of the biological filter 1 through an air inlet pipeline, an air inlet valve 11 and an air aerator 15, a control device 9 collects water inlet pressure, operation time and water outlet turbidity signals, when water inlet operation is started for 30 minutes, the water inlet pressure sensor 16 collects initial pressure P to be 0.056 megapascals and is larger than a set value P S (0.054 megapascals), and the frequency of a backwashing time-varying backwash air pump 10 and a variable-frequency backwash water pump 18 is respectively increased by 11 hertz;
B. starting a backwash procedure
When the sewage treatment system of the biological filter is operated for 27 hours, the turbidity of the effluent of the clear water area collected by the turbidity detector 5 is 3NTU (more than the set value of 2 NTU), the water inlet valve 19 and the air inlet valve 11 are closed, and the next backwashing program is started;
C. Backwash program process control
And (3) air washing: the control device 9 opens the backwash drain valve 7 by sending out a control signal, closes the water outlet valve 8, controls the filter screen 6 to descend and cover the water outlet surface, opens the backwash air inlet valve 12 and the variable-frequency backwash air pump 10, and reads on-line parameters during air washing when the air washing preset time is 10 minutes: the turbidity detector 5 transmits the collected maximum value X of the turbidity of the backwash water to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares the maximum value X of the turbidity of the backwash water (58 NTU) with the set value X S (65 NTU), and the air washing time is not prolonged. After the air washing is finished, the air-water mixed washing step is carried out;
Gas-water mixed washing: the control device 9 controls to open the backwash water inlet valve 17 and the variable-frequency backwash water pump 18, the mixed washing preset time is 5 minutes, the filter screen 6 is kept to cover the surface of the water outlet of the filter tank, the biological film or impurities falling off during the mixed washing are discharged out of the tank after passing through the filter screen 6, the biological filler is trapped in the tank, and the online parameters are read during the mixed washing: the turbidity detector 5 transmits the maximum value X of the backwash water turbidity to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares the maximum value Y of the backwash water turbidity (280 NTU) with the set value Y S (200 NTU), and the gas-water mixed washing time is prolonged to 65 percent of the preset time (namely 3.25 minutes). After the gas-water mixed washing is completed, the control device 9 controls the variable-frequency backwashing air pump 10 and the backwashing air inlet valve 12 to be closed, and the washing step is carried out;
Washing: the control device 9 controls the filter screen 6 to be opened, the water outlet is opened, the backwash water inlet valve 17 and the variable-frequency backwash water pump 18 are kept in an opened state, the preset washing time is 10 minutes, and the fallen biological film or impurity garbage and the like are discharged out of the tank along with backwash water through the water outlet after the filter screen 6 is opened. Reading on-line parameters during water washing: the turbidity detector 5 transmits turbidity signals to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares the turbidity signals, when the preset duration is over, the turbidity value Z (2 NTU) of the backwash water is equal to the set value Z S, the water washing time is not prolonged, after the water washing is over, the control device 9 controls the variable-frequency backwash water pump 18 and the backwash water inlet valve 17 to be closed, the water washing is over, and the backwash process is over. Step a is re-entered.
After 360 hours of test operation, the biological filter of the embodiment operates stably, automatically starts a backwashing program at proper time, ensures that effluent reaches the standard and the biological filter is not blocked, saves 25% of backwash water quantity (about 600 liters) and 25% of electric quantity (about 52 kilowatt-hours) compared with a fixed backwashing period and an intensity mode, and reduces the construction cost of a tank body by about 15% in addition to a lower clean water area.
Example 5
The application of the improved backwash device of the biological filter in the embodiment in the backwash of the biological filter is specifically as follows:
the backwash device of the improved biological filter in the embodiment 1 is adopted, the water treatment amount is 500 liters/hour, the height of a clean water area is 0.4 meter, the pore diameter of a filter screen is 60 percent of the particle size of biological filter materials, and the backwash device comprises the following steps:
A. Information acquisition and backwash frequency setting
When the biological filter sewage treatment system operates, sewage enters the bottom of the biological filter 1 through a water inlet pipeline, a water inlet pressure sensor 16 and a water inlet valve 19, air enters the bottom of the biological filter 1 through an air inlet pipeline, an air inlet valve 11 and an air aerator 15, a control device 9 collects water inlet pressure, operation time and water outlet turbidity signals, when water inlet operation is started for 30 minutes, the water inlet pressure sensor 16 collects initial pressure P to be 0.053 megapascals and is smaller than a set value P k (0.054 megapascals), and the frequency of a backwashing time-varying backwash air pump 10 and a variable-frequency backwash water pump 18 is respectively reduced by 2 hertz;
B. starting a backwash procedure
When the sewage treatment system of the biological filter is operated for 48 hours, the turbidity of the effluent of the clear water area collected by the turbidity detector 5 is 11NTU (more than the set value of 10 NTU), the water inlet valve 19 and the air inlet valve 11 are closed, and the next backwashing program is started;
C. Backwash program process control
And (3) air washing: the control device 9 opens the backwash drain valve 7 by sending out a control signal, closes the water outlet valve 8, controls the filter screen 6 to descend and cover the water outlet surface, opens the backwash air inlet valve 12 and the variable-frequency backwash air pump 10, and reads on-line parameters during air washing when the air washing preset time is 7 minutes: the turbidity detector 5 transmits the collected maximum value X of the turbidity of the backwash water to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares that the maximum value X of the turbidity of the backwash water (85 NTU) is larger than a set value X S (50 NTU), and the gas washing time is prolonged to 50 percent of the preset time (namely 3.5 minutes). The total air washing time is 10.5 minutes, and after the air washing is finished, the air-water mixed washing step is carried out;
gas-water mixed washing: the control device 9 controls to open the backwash water inlet valve 17 and the variable-frequency backwash water pump 18, the mixed washing preset time is 4 minutes, the filter screen 6 is kept to cover the surface of the water outlet of the filter tank, the biological film or impurities falling off during the mixed washing are discharged out of the tank after passing through the filter screen 6, the biological filler is trapped in the tank, and the online parameters are read during the mixed washing: the turbidity detector 5 transmits the maximum value X of the backwash water turbidity to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares the maximum value Y of the backwash water turbidity (200 NTU) with the set value Y S (150 NTU), and the gas-water mixed washing time is prolonged to 50% of the preset time (namely 2 minutes). After the gas-water mixed washing is completed, the control device 9 controls the variable-frequency backwashing air pump 10 and the backwashing air inlet valve 12 to be closed, and the washing step is carried out;
Washing: the control device 9 controls the filter screen 6 to be opened, the water outlet is opened, the backwash water inlet valve 17 and the variable-frequency backwash water pump 18 are kept in an opened state, the preset washing time is 7 minutes, and the fallen biological film or impurity garbage and the like are discharged out of the tank along with backwash water through the water outlet after the filter screen 6 is opened. Reading on-line parameters during water washing: the turbidity detector 5 transmits turbidity signals to the control device 9, the control device 9 compares the turbidity signals, when the preset duration is over, the turbidity value Z (2 NTU) of the backwash water is equal to the set value Z S, the water washing time is not prolonged, after the water washing is over, the control device 9 controls the variable-frequency backwash water pump 18 and the backwash water inlet valve 17 to be closed, the water washing is over, and the backwash process is over. Step a is re-entered.
After 360 hours of test operation, the biological filter of the embodiment operates stably, automatically starts a backwashing program at proper time, ensures that effluent reaches the standard and the biological filter is not blocked, saves 11 percent (about 260 liters) of backwash water quantity and 10 percent (about 27 kilowatt-hours) of electric quantity compared with a fixed backwashing period and an intensity mode, and reduces the construction cost of a tank body by about 10 percent in addition to a lower clean water area.
Claims (2)
1. The back flush technology of the improved biological filter tank comprises the steps that a buffer water distribution area (13), a filter plate (14), a supporting layer (4), a filter material layer (3) and a clean water area (2) are sequentially arranged in the biological filter tank (1) from bottom to top, the supporting layer (4) is clamped between the filter material layer (3) and the filter plate (14), a back flush air inlet pipeline, a water inlet pipeline and the output end of the back flush water inlet pipeline are respectively connected with the buffer water distribution area (13), a back flush water outlet in the clean water area (2) is connected with a drainage pipeline and a back flush drainage pipeline, an air aerator (15) is arranged in the supporting layer (4), the air inlet pipeline is connected with the air aerator (15), a turbidity detector (5) is arranged in the clean water area (2), an air inlet pipeline is connected with an air inlet valve (11), the back flush air pipeline is connected with a variable frequency air pump (10) and an air inlet valve (12), the water inlet pipeline is connected with a water inlet valve (19), the water inlet pipeline is connected with a back flush water inlet valve (17) and a variable frequency water pump (18), the water outlet pipeline is connected with the water outlet valve (8), the turbidity detector (5), the air inlet valve (11), the variable frequency air pump (10) is connected with the back flush water pump (12), the back flush water pump (12) and the back flush water pump (12) is connected with the back flush water valve (12) The water outlet valves (8) are electrically connected with the control device (9); the device is characterized in that the height of the clear water area (2) is 0.3-0.7 m, a filter screen (6) longitudinally driven by a linear driving mechanism is arranged at the backwash water outlet of the biological filter tank (1), a water inlet pressure sensor (16) is arranged on a water inlet pipe, and the signal output of the water inlet pressure sensor is connected with a control device (9); the aperture of the filter screen (6) is 50-90% of the particle size of the filler in the filter material layer (3);
The back flushing process comprises the following steps:
A. Information acquisition and backwash frequency setting
When the biological filter sewage treatment system operates, the control device (9) collects water inlet pressure, operation time and water outlet turbidity signals, and the water inlet pressure sensor (16) collects initial pressure P and outputs the initial pressure P to the control device (9) to be compared with a set value P S、Pk within 1-30 minutes after water inlet operation starts:
a 1, when P is more than P S, increasing the frequency of the variable-frequency backwashing air pump (10) and the variable-frequency backwashing water pump (18) by 2-20 Hz, and meeting the condition that the frequency of the variable-frequency backwashing air pump (10) and the variable-frequency backwashing water pump (18) is not more than a set upper limit value;
A 2, when P is smaller than P k, reducing the frequency of the variable-frequency backwashing air pump (10) and the variable-frequency backwashing water pump (18) by 2-20 Hz, and meeting the condition that the frequency of the variable-frequency backwashing air pump (10) and the variable-frequency backwashing water pump (18) is not smaller than a set lower limit value;
a 3, when P k≤P≤PS is performed, the frequency of the variable-frequency backwashing air pump (10) and the variable-frequency backwashing water pump (18) is consistent with that of the last backwashing;
B. starting a backwash procedure
When the backwashing conditions are met, the control device starts an automatic backwashing program, wherein the backwashing conditions meet one of the following conditions, namely, the water treatment process is stopped, and the automatic backwashing program is started:
B 1, wherein the pressure value acquired by the water inlet pressure sensor (16) is larger than a set value;
B 2, wherein the turbidity value acquired by the turbidity detector (5) is larger than a set value, and the turbidity set value is 2NTU-10NTU;
B 3, wherein the single continuous operation time of the biological filter sewage treatment collected by the control device (9) is larger than a set value;
C. Backwash program process control
The biological filter backwashing program is sequentially carried out according to three stages of air washing, air-water mixed washing and water washing, a filter screen (6) is controlled to descend and cover the surface of a water outlet in the air washing and air-water mixed washing stages, the filter screen (6) is lifted to be opened at the water outlet in the water washing stages, the preset time periods of the air washing, air-water mixed washing and water washing stages are respectively 3 minutes to 10 minutes, 3 minutes to 5 minutes and 3 minutes to 10 minutes, and the time period control is carried out according to the comparison results of the maximum value X, Y of the backwash water turbidity collected by a turbidity detector (5) in the preset time periods in the air washing and air-water mixed washing processes and the set value X S、YS in the corresponding stages:
c 1, backwashing according to the preset time length of the stage when the backwash water turbidity value X is less than or equal to the set value X S or when the backwash water turbidity value Y is less than or equal to the set value Y S;
C 2, when the backwash water turbidity value X > the set value X S or when the backwash water turbidity value Y > the set value Y S, backwash time=preset time+extension time, wherein the extension time is 30% -100% of the preset time;
In the water washing process, according to the comparison result of the backwash water turbidity value Z acquired by the turbidity detector (5) and the set value Z S in the corresponding stage when the preset time length is finished, the time length is controlled:
C 3, backwashing according to the preset duration of the stage when the turbidity value Z of the backwash water is less than or equal to the set value Z S;
C 4, when the backwash water turbidity value Z is greater than the set value Z S, backwash time=preset time+extension time, wherein the extension time is the time required for continuing backwash until the backwash water turbidity value=set value Z S after the preset time is over.
2. An improved backflushing process for biological filters according to claim 1, characterized in that said linear drive means is electrically connected to the control device (9), the linear drive means comprising but not limited to one or a combination of linear motor, hydraulic cylinder, screw feed means, rack and pinion means, parallelogram means.
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| CN111320272B (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2023-11-03 | 安徽华骐环保科技股份有限公司 | Operation method of automatic backwashing device of multi-condition controlled denitrification biological filter |
| CN111672172A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-09-18 | 清华大学 | Method and system for controlling backwashing duration of filter tank |
| CN113521836A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-10-22 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Multiple monitoring filtering and backwashing system and automatic regulation and control mode thereof |
| CN113769445B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-01-10 | 河北中瀚水务有限公司 | Intelligent common rapid filter tank system with air flushing and filtering method |
| CN115253484B (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2023-08-11 | 北控水务(中国)投资有限公司 | Automatic control method of V-shaped filter tank device |
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| CN205294949U (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-06-08 | 广东莞绿环保工程有限公司 | High -efficient bological aerated filter |
| CN105641986A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-06-08 | 河南城建学院 | Method and apparatus for intelligently controlling back washing of flap valve filter |
| CN208200493U (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-12-07 | 江西绿鄱环保科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligence control system of catalytic oxidation-biological aerated filter |
| CN209923029U (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-01-10 | 嘉诚环保工程有限公司 | Improved backwashing device of biological filter |
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| CN110182963A (en) | 2019-08-30 |
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