CN110176503A - 一种碲化镉发电玻璃 - Google Patents
一种碲化镉发电玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及太阳能电池领域，尤其涉及一种碲化镉发电玻璃，由下往上依次包括玻璃基板、透明氧化层、窗口层、吸收层及背接触电极；所述玻璃基板为厚度为2‑3mm的硼硅玻璃，所述透明氧化层为掺Sn的In2O3膜，所述窗口层为厚度为0.4‑0.5μm的CdS层，所述吸收层为厚度为3‑5μm的CdTe层。本发明提出的碲化镉发电玻璃，玻璃基板透光率高，耐高温性好，配合透光性更优秀的透明氧化层，大大提高发电玻璃的光电转化效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池领域，尤其涉及一种碲化镉发电玻璃。
背景技术
随着全球气候变暖、生态环境恶化和常规能源的短缺，越来越多的国家开始大力发展太阳能利用技术。太阳能光伏发电是零排放的清洁能源，具有安全可靠、无噪音、无污染、建设周期短、使用寿命长等优势，因而备受关注。碲化镉是一种直接带隙的P型半导体材料，在太阳能电池中一般作吸收层，由于它的直接带隙为1.45eV，最适合于光电能量转换，因此使得约2微米厚的碲化镉吸收层在其带隙以上的光学吸收率达到90%成为可能，允许的最高理论转换效率在大气质量AM1.5的条件下高达28%。申请号为CN201811029637.8的专利提出“一种高效率碲化镉薄膜太阳能电池”，通过在基板玻璃的背面制备一层减反蹭透薄膜，来提高光线的透过率，进而提高光电转换效率。但是传统基板玻璃自身光透光效率较低，且不耐高温，工艺制作上有所限制，影响透明氧化层的镀膜。
发明内容
针对以上问题，本发明提出一种碲化镉发电玻璃，玻璃基板透光率高，耐高温性好，配合透光性更优秀的透明氧化层，大大提高发电玻璃的光电转化效率。
为实现以上目的，本发明采用以下技术方案来实现：一种碲化镉发电玻璃，由下往上依次包括玻璃基板、透明氧化层、窗口层、吸收层及背接触电极；所述玻璃基板为厚度为2-3mm的硼硅玻璃，所述透明氧化层为掺Sn的In2O3膜，所述窗口层为厚度为0.4-0.5μm的CdS层，所述吸收层为厚度为3-5μm的CdTe层。
本发明采用硼硅玻璃作为玻璃基板，耐高温性能优异，相比于使用传统钠钙玻璃、窗户玻璃达到12%左右的转换效率，硼硅玻璃可以达到16%左右，而本发明采用的透明氧化层为为掺Sn的In2O3膜，采用传统的钠钙玻璃或窗户玻璃，耐高温性不过，工艺上不能满足In2O3膜的镀膜，因此本发明的硼硅玻璃和In2O3膜有优异的搭配效果，掺Sn的In2O3膜在满足较高的光透光率的同时，有优秀的导电性能，且容易在工艺制作进行酸液蚀刻时得到细微的图形，工业可控性较高。
优选的，发电玻璃在玻璃基板、透明氧化层、窗口层和吸收层依次沉积制备成薄膜后，经Ar-CdCl2热处理，所述热处理的温度为380-405℃，CdTe电池制备时，通常会促进CdTe和CdS界面之间的扩散现象，颗粒表面粗糙，在界面处形成合金，导致CdS层的能隙降低，进而导致光线的穿透性降低，影响电池效率，本发明对薄膜采用带Ar氛围的CdCl2热处理，有效改善薄膜的结晶状况，在380-405℃的环境中热处理后，薄膜层接界面呈现出纵向层状生长的现象并且颗粒表面变得光滑，粒径明显增大，光吸收性能明显增强。
优选的，所述透明氧化层和窗口层之间沉积有SnO2薄膜，所述SnO2和In2O3的重量比为1：8.5-9，In在制备发电玻璃薄膜的高温处理过程中会扩散进入CdS/CdTe层，引入不需要的N型CdTe，本发明在制备发电玻璃电池时，在透明氧化层和窗口层之间沉积SnO2薄膜，可以防止In的扩散现象，同时能提高透明氧化层的透光率和电导率。
优选的，所述硼硅玻璃的外表面涂有抗反射膜，即在太阳的入射面减少入射光线的反射，提高太阳光线的透过率，进而提高发电玻璃对光线的吸收效率和利用率。
进一步优选的，所述抗反射膜的厚度为50-80nm，所述抗反射膜的折射率为1.3-1.5。
优选的，所述背接触电极的背面设有制冷片，所述制冷片的背面覆有导热板，发电玻璃由于长时间接触阳光，同时内部有电流流动，很容易发热，影响光电转化效率，本发明背接触电极的背面设置制冷片，进行热交换，保持发电玻璃较低的温度。
进一步优选的，所述制冷片的背面覆有导热板，垂直连接所述导热板平行设置有若干散热片，所述导热板和所述散热片通过散热膏连接，从制冷片交换出来的热量被导热性能优异的导热板传递到散热片进行快速有效的散热，提高制冷片更持久的降温性能，导热片和散热片的接触连接点容易形成保温层，导致热量无法释放的情况，采用散热膏可以有效避免接触点形成保温层，提高导热效率。
更进一步优选的，所述散热片为网孔结构，散热片的表面有热辐射涂层，网孔结构可以增大散热片和空气的接触面积，热辐射涂层可以提高散热片的热辐射速率，用以提高散热片的热辐射效率。
更进一步优选的，所述散热片的间距为30-50cm，散热片间距不宜过近，容易导致热辐射出来的热气在散热片周围堆积停留，影响接下去的热辐射过程，控制一定的间距有利于空气带走释放出的热量。
优选的，所述硼硅玻璃的外表面涂有疏水层，减少雨水在硼硅表面的停留，避免雨渍的残留降低硼硅玻璃和阳光的接触面积。
本发明的有益效果在于：
（1）本发明提供的碲化镉发电玻璃，光线透过率和光电转效率高，且发电过程中界面之间稳定，能提供稳定的功率。
（2）本发明在制备过程中可以承受更高的温度，工业可控性更高。
附图说明
附图1为本发明的结构示意图；
1-玻璃基层，2-透明氧化层，3-窗口层，4-吸收层，5-背接触电极，6-制冷片，7-导热板，8-散热片，9-抗反射膜。
具体实施方式
本具体实施方法仅仅是对本发明的解释，并不是对本发明的限制。本领域技术人员在阅读了本发明的说明书之后所作出的任何改变，只要在权利要求书的范围内，都将受到专利法的保护。
实施例1：
如附图1所示，一种碲化镉发电玻璃，由下往上依次包括玻璃基板1、透明氧化层2、窗口层3、吸收层4、背接触电极5；玻璃基板1为厚度为2mm的硼硅玻璃，硼硅玻璃的外表面涂有厚度为50nm、折射率为1.3的抗反射膜9，透明氧化层为掺Sn的In2O3膜，窗口层为厚度为0.4μm的CdS层，吸收层为厚度为3μm的CdTe层，背接触电极为沉积有金属Al的碳纳米管，其中，发电玻璃在玻璃基板1、透明氧化层2、窗口层3和吸收层4依次沉积制备成薄膜后，经Ar-CdCl2热处理，热处理的温度为380℃。背接触电极5的背面还覆有制冷片6，制冷片6的背面覆有导热板7，垂直连接导热板7平行设置有3块间距为30cm的网孔结构的散热片8，导热板7和散热片8通过散热膏连接，散热片8的表面涂有热辐射涂层。
实施例2：
一种碲化镉发电玻璃，由下往上依次包括玻璃基板、透明氧化层、窗口层、吸收层、背接触电极；玻璃基板为厚度为3mm的硼硅玻璃，硼硅玻璃的外表面涂有厚度为80mm、折射率为1.5的抗反射膜，透明氧化层为掺Sn的In2O3膜，透明氧化层和窗口层之间沉积有SnO2薄膜，SnO2和In2O3的重量比为1：9，窗口层为厚度为0.4μm的CdS层，吸收层为厚度为3μm的CdTe层，背接触电极为沉积有金属Al的碳纳米管，其中，发电玻璃在玻璃基板、透明氧化层、窗口层和吸收层依次沉积制备成薄膜后，经Ar-CdCl2热处理，热处理的温度为400℃。背接触电极的背面还覆有制冷片，制冷片的背面覆有导热板，垂直连接导热板平行设置有2块间距为50cm的网孔结构的散热片，导热板和散热片通过散热膏连接，散热片的表面有热辐射涂层。
实施例3：
一种碲化镉发电玻璃，由下往上依次包括玻璃基板、透明氧化层、窗口层、吸收层、背接触电极；玻璃基板为厚度为2.5mm的硼硅玻璃，硼硅玻璃的外表面涂有疏水层，透明氧化层为掺Sn的In2O3膜，透明氧化层和窗口层之间沉积有SnO2薄膜，SnO2和In2O3的重量比为1：8.5，窗口层为厚度为0.45μm的CdS层，吸收层为厚度为4μm的CdTe层，背接触电极为沉积有金属Al的碳纳米管，其中，发电玻璃在玻璃基板、透明氧化层、窗口层和吸收层依次沉积制备成薄膜后，经Ar-CdCl2热处理，热处理的温度为400℃。背接触电极的背面还覆有制冷片，制冷片的背面覆有导热板，垂直连接导热板平行设置有2块间距为45cm的网孔结构的散热片，导热板和散热片通过散热膏连接，散热片的表面有热辐射涂层。
对实施例1-3进行电性能测试，得到如下表1所示的数据：
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种碲化镉发电玻璃，其特征在于：由下往上依次包括玻璃基板、透明氧化层、窗口层、吸收层及背接触电极；所述玻璃基板为厚度为2-3mm的硼硅玻璃，所述透明氧化层为掺Sn的In2O3膜，所述窗口层为厚度为0.4-0.5μm的CdS层，所述吸收层为厚度为3-5μm的CdTe层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种碲化镉发电玻璃，其特征在于：发电玻璃在玻璃基板、透明氧化层、窗口层和吸收层依次沉积制备成薄膜后，经Ar-CdCl2热处理，所述热处理的温度为380-405℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种碲化镉发电玻璃，其特征在于：所述透明氧化层和窗口层之间沉积有SnO2薄膜，所述SnO2和In2O3的重量比为1：8.5-9。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种碲化镉发电玻璃，其特征在于：所述硼硅玻璃的外表面涂有抗反射膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种碲化镉发电玻璃，其特征在于：所述抗反射膜的厚度为50-80nm，所述抗反射膜的折射率为1.3-1.5。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种碲化镉发电玻璃，其特征在于：所述背接触电极的背面设有制冷片。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种碲化镉发电玻璃，其特征在于：所述制冷片的背面覆有导热板，垂直连接所述导热板平行设置有若干散热片，所述导热板和所述散热片通过散热膏连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种碲化镉发电玻璃，其特征在于：所述散热片为网孔结构，散热片的表面有热辐射涂层。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种碲化镉发电玻璃，其特征在于：所述散热片的间距为30-50cm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种碲化镉发电玻璃，其特征在于：所述硼硅玻璃的外表面涂有疏水层。
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