CN110174053B - Method for measuring size of hearth when opening degree of converter mouth is smaller than radius of hearth - Google Patents
Method for measuring size of hearth when opening degree of converter mouth is smaller than radius of hearth Download PDFInfo
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- CN110174053B CN110174053B CN201910466412.7A CN201910466412A CN110174053B CN 110174053 B CN110174053 B CN 110174053B CN 201910466412 A CN201910466412 A CN 201910466412A CN 110174053 B CN110174053 B CN 110174053B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the size of a hearth when the opening degree of a converter mouth is smaller than the radius of the hearth, which is applicable when the opening degree of the converter mouth is smaller than the radius of the hearth and comprises the following steps: s1, purchasing a measuring device: the device comprises instrument fixing equipment, angle measuring equipment and laser ranging equipment; s2, determining a measuring center point; s3, establishing a target measuring point: s4, measurement of target measurement points: s5, extending the measurement method; s6, measuring a plurality of points on the cross section and a plurality of positions on the vertical section of the hearth, and connecting the measuring points to simulate the furnace shape; the method for measuring the size of the hearth of the converter by the laser distance meter can help a steelmaking worker to master the weak part of the furnace lining and predict the time for repairing and protecting the converter; and accurate data of the height of the smelting operation gun position and the thickness of the furnace bottom are provided, and a foundation is laid for saving refractory consumption and improving the furnace life. And effectively prevents the occurrence of major accidents of the penetration of the converter, and protects the navigation for the safe operation and the smooth production of the full-service converter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of converter steelmaking, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the size of a hearth when the opening degree of a converter mouth is smaller than the radius of the hearth.
Background
At present, two methods are used for measuring the size of the hearth of the converter. The first is a measurement method of a laser thickness gauge. The laser thickness gauge can measure the background at 1700 ℃ and the measurement precision is within 5 mm. The principle is as follows: during measurement, a laser measuring head is controlled by measuring software to emit laser, the laser falls onto a measured point through a converter mouth, and the wall thickness of a converter lining is calculated by the system through acquiring space polar coordinate data (distance, horizontal angle and vertical angle) of the measured point and a measuring mathematical model. The advantages are that: the method can accurately measure the size of the hearth in a high-temperature environment, can measure the hearth at any time in the production process, and does not influence the production. The disadvantages are as follows: the measurement cost is high, and the daily maintenance cost is high. The cost of one laser range finder is about 200 tens of thousands, and the monthly maintenance cost is about 1 ten thousands.
Another measurement method is a strut structure measurement method. The tool comprises an upper rod and a lower rod, wherein the front ends of the upper rod and the lower rod are respectively provided with a measuring foot which is symmetrically inclined outwards, the rear ends of the upper rod and the lower rod are respectively provided with an inner angle measuring plate which is symmetrically inwards, the upper rod and the lower rod are equal in length, and the hinge joint of the rear half section of the upper rod and the lower rod is hinged with each other through a hinge device. The advantages are that: the size of the hearth of the converter can be measured in a high-temperature environment, and the time influencing the production rhythm is short. The disadvantages are as follows: the measuring equipment is heavy, 4-5 persons are needed to operate simultaneously during measurement, and the measuring precision is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the method for measuring the size of the hearth when the opening degree of the converter mouth is smaller than the radius of the hearth, which has the advantages of simple operation, high accuracy and low maintenance cost
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for measuring the size of a hearth when the opening degree of a converter mouth is smaller than the radius of the hearth is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, purchasing a measuring device: the measuring device comprises a tripod, a two-dimensional tripod head protractor and a laser range finder, wherein the tripod is used for fixing the position of a measuring point and ensuring the accuracy of measured data;
s2, determining a measurement center point: during measurement, firstly checking a measurement central point, and determining a measurement point:
s2.1, determining the central points of left and right trunnions of the converter:
according to the diameter D of the hearth when the furnace is opened1The theoretical position of the measuring point is on the central line of the left trunnion and the right trunnion of the converter;
with a specific size of R1＝1/2×D1；
Wherein R is1The distance is the distance between the central points of the left trunnion and the right trunnion of the converter;
if the actual measuring result of the laser range finder is larger than R1The measuring point moves to the right, if the measured result is less than R1Moving the measuring point to the left;
s2.2, determining the central point of the size surface of the converter:
according to the furnace when openingMouth diameter D1The theoretical position of the measuring point is on the central line of the height of the furnace mouth;
with a specific size of R1’＝1/2×D1(ii) a Wherein R is1' is the radius of the converter mouth;
if the actual measuring result of the laser range finder is larger than R1When the measuring point moves upward, if the measured result is less than R1' the measuring point is moved down;
s2.3, marking the converter platform to determine a measurement central point: repeatedly checking the measurement center point for multiple times;
s3, establishing a target measuring point:
according to the diameter of a converter mouth and the requirement of a target measuring point, setting a total of 3 target measuring positions, the middle of a converter body, the middle of a slag line and the middle of a molten pool on a longitudinal section; setting a measuring area as a position below the middle part of the furnace body; measuring 8 target measurement points on the cross section by taking the vertical height of a large and small plane, the horizontal diameters of left and right trunnions, the inclination of a center point plus or minus 45 degrees and the inclination of the center point minus 45 degrees;
s4, measuring the furnace body at the target measuring point:
s4.1 furnace bottom measuring method
The measuring steps are as follows:
s4.11, waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.12, placing the laser range finder at the marked position of the converter platform, and adjusting the measurement mode of the laser range finder to a distance measurement mode after determining a measurement point;
s4.13 starting laser range finder to measure vertical furnace bottom distance L1And recording;
s4.14 firstly adjusting the range finder mode to the strand hooking measurement mode 1, hitting a target point above the furnace mouth, and measuring the vertical distance L from the measurement point to the target point2；
S4.15 measuring point-to-vertical furnace bottom distance L1Minus the vertical distance L from the measuring point to the furnace mouth2The residual distance is the distance from the converter mouth to the converter bottom;
s4.16, comparing the actual measurement size with the original furnace bottom size, and determining the change parameters of the converter to be measured at the target measurement point; when the actually measured data is larger than the initial furnace bottom size, the furnace bottom erosion is shown, and when the actually measured data is smaller than the initial furnace bottom size, the furnace bottom rises;
s4.2 method for measuring diameters of large and small surfaces
The measuring steps are as follows:
s4.21, waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.22, determining the central lines of the large and small surfaces of the converter, and then adjusting the measuring points downward in the opposite direction to the target point until the laser range finder can hit the target point; placing the laser range finder at the determined position, adjusting the scale of the angle measuring equipment to return to zero, horizontally returning to zero, and adjusting the measuring mode of the laser range finder to a distance measuring mode after the measuring point is determined;
s4.23, opening a main lock screwing button of the two-dimensional holder, adjusting a rotary movable seat, and measuring the vertical height from the central line to the small surface; the target point is shot in the hearth, and the distance L from the target point to the measuring point is measured2And angle a at the time of measurement2Calculating the distance H of the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring point2＝L2×sina2；
S4.24 adjusting the two-dimensional cradle head to rotate the movable seat to adjust downwards, and measuring the distance L from the target point to the furnace mouth1And angle a at the time of measurement1Calculating the distance H of the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring point1＝L1×sina1；
S4.25 the vertical distance from the furnace hearth facet target point to the furnace mouth parallel line is the actual measurement size, and the actual measurement size is H2－H1；
S4.26 obtaining the vertical height from a large-surface target point of a converter hearth to a horizontal line of a furnace mouth by a method for measuring the vertical height according to the reverse operation of S4.23 and S4.24;
s4.27 actually measuring the diameter of the hearth to be the sum of the data of the vertical height from the large-surface target point to the horizontal line of the furnace opening, the vertical height from the small-surface target point to the horizontal line of the furnace opening and the diameter of the furnace opening;
s4.28, comparing the actually measured size with the blow-in data, and when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, indicating that the area is eroded, wherein the difference is the eroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is shown to be expanded, and the difference is the amount of expansion;
s4.3 left and right trunnion diameter measurement
A measurement step:
s4.31 waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.32 determining the central lines of the large and small surfaces of the converter, and moving the measuring point to the left in the opposite direction of the target point until the laser range finder can hit the target point; placing the laser range finder at the determined position, adjusting the scale of the angle measuring equipment to return to zero, horizontally returning to zero, and adjusting the measuring mode of the laser range finder to a distance measuring mode after the measuring point is determined;
s4.33, opening a main lock screwing button of the two-dimensional holder, adjusting a rotary movable seat, and measuring the vertical distance from the central line to the left trunnion; the target point is shot in the hearth, and the distance L from the target point to the measuring point is measured4And angle a at the time of measurement4Calculating the distance H of the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring point4＝L4×sina4；
S4.34 adjusting the two-dimensional cradle head to rotate the movable seat to adjust downwards, and measuring the distance L from the target point to the furnace mouth3And angle a at the time of measurement3Calculating the distance H of the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring point3＝L3×sina3；
The vertical distance from the converter hearth facet target point to the parallel line of the furnace mouth is the actual measurement size which is H4－H3；
S4.36 obtaining the height from a large-surface target point of a converter hearth to a horizontal line of a furnace mouth by a method for measuring the vertical height according to the reverse operation of S4.33 and S4.34;
s4.37, actually measuring the diameter of the hearth to be the sum of the vertical distance from the target point of the left trunnion to the horizontal line of the furnace opening, the vertical distance from the target point of the right trunnion to the horizontal line of the furnace opening and the diameter of the furnace opening;
s4.38, comparing the actually measured size with the blow-in data, and when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, indicating that the area is eroded, wherein the difference is the eroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is shown to be expanded, and the difference is the amount of expansion;
s4.4 furnace diameter measurement with 45-degree inclination
A measurement step:
s4.41 waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.42, placing the laser range finder at the marked position of the platform, adjusting the scale of the angle measuring equipment to return to zero, horizontally returning to zero, and adjusting the measuring mode of the laser range finder to a distance measuring mode after a measuring point is determined;
s4.43, opening the two-dimensional cradle head main lock screwing button, and adjusting the rotating movable seat downwards by 45 degrees;
s4.44, opening a base screwing button, rotating the panoramic base by 90 degrees, and aligning a measuring head of the laser range finder to the furnace;
s4.45, opening a main lock screwing button of the two-dimensional holder, adjusting a rotary movable seat, and measuring the distance from the position of the central line inclined by 45 degrees to the small surface in the hearth of the converter; the target point is hit in the hearth, and the distance A between the measuring point and the target point is measured3And the angle of inclination theta at the time of measurement3Height I of target point vertical to horizontal line3＝A3×sinθ3；
S4.46, downwards adjusting the two-dimensional cradle head rotating movable seat, and measuring the distance from the position, inclined by 45 degrees, of the central line to the large surface in the hearth of the converter; controlling the measuring angle to theta 4-theta 3, and measuring the distance A between the target point and the measuring point4So as to calculate the vertical height I from the central line to the large surface in the hearth of the converter4＝A4×sinθ4；
S4.47, comparing the measurement result with the blow-in data, and determining the change parameters of the converter to be measured at the target measurement point; when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, the area is corroded, and the difference is the corroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is shown to be expanded, and the difference is the amount of expansion;
s4.5 inclined-45 degree hearth diameter measurement
According to the step S4.4, measuring by a method for measuring the diameter of the hearth inclined by 45 degrees to obtain the comparison condition of the measurement result and the blow-in data, wherein when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, the area is corroded, and the difference is the corroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is shown to be expanded, and the difference is the amount of expansion;
s5, extension of the measurement method: measuring the middle part of a slag line and the middle part of a molten pool according to the measuring method of the furnace body of the target measuring point of S4; comparing the measured diameters of the middle part of the slag line and the middle part of the molten pool with the diameters of the middle part of the slag line and the middle part of the molten pool when the furnace is opened, and obtaining the deformation condition of the furnace shape;
s6, measuring a plurality of points on the cross section and a plurality of positions on the vertical section of the hearth, and connecting the measuring points to simulate the furnace shape.
The invention relates to indirect measurement of a laser range finder, which adopts the following principle: the light scattering of the laser is very small, so that a spot of the laser which is irradiated on a measured target is approximate to a point, the laser is irradiated on the surface of an object and can be subjected to diffuse reflection, the energy of the laser can be almost uniformly scattered on a spherical surface through the diffuse reflection, and the distance can be calculated by detecting the returned luminous flux per unit area. The specific size of the hearth of the converter is calculated by measuring the distance between the measuring point and the target point, measuring the angle during measurement by a protractor on a two-dimensional holder and calculating through a simple trigonometric function.
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the utility model discloses a compare the measurement cost with the laser thickness gauge low. The laser thickness gauge equipment purchase cost and the monthly maintenance cost are very high, and the utility model discloses equipment purchase cost and monthly maintenance cost are lower.
2. Compared with the traditional method for measuring the structure of the supporting rod, the method has the advantages of simple equipment, simple and convenient operation and high accuracy. The measurement method of the strut structure is heavy and can be completed by 3-5 people, and the measurement accuracy is low; the utility model only needs 1 individual operation, measures several points and just can measure the furnace size, and measurement accuracy is higher.
3. The size condition of any region of the hearth of the converter can be measured by the method, and the erosion degree or the rising degree of the region is judged by comparing with related parameters during the opening of the converter. The method can simply simulate the internal furnace shape state of the furnace chamber of the converter, the deformation condition of the furnace chamber, the deviation condition of the central line of the furnace chamber and the like.
4. The invention replaces the original method of manually measuring the furnace bottom and the oxygen lance by using a rod and measuring the lance position by adding iron wires; finally, the method can provide furnace lining control data and information for full-service monitoring and the improvement of the furnace life, and lays a foundation for saving refractory consumption. Effectively prevents serious accidents of the penetration of the converter, and ensures the safe operation of the whole converter
And producing a smooth driving protection navigation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for measuring the furnace size of a converter by using a laser range finder provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the determination of the center points of the left and right trunnions of the converter according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the determination of the vertical height of the parallel line from the furnace mouth to the measuring point by using the laser distance measuring instrument for the center point of the large and small surface of the converter according to the embodiment of the present invention, and determining whether the measuring point is on the center line of the large and small surface of the converter.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a measurement of the bottom of a converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a method for measuring the diameters of the large and small surfaces of the hearth of the converter according to the embodiment of the invention. And measuring the vertical height from the central line to the large and small surfaces from the same upper and lower angles of the measuring point, wherein the sum of the two values is the diameter of the large and small surfaces of the hearth of the converter.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the measurement of the diameters of the left and right trunnions of the hearth of the converter provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the position determination of the measurement points in the furnace according to the embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of +/-45-degree furnace diameter measuring points.
Figure 8 schematic diagram of the measurement of the furnace diameter of +/-45 deg. provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of measurements of different positions of a furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of simulated oven dimensions of left and right trunnions provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The size of the shape of the left trunnion and the right trunnion is connected, and the shape of the left trunnion and the right trunnion is simply simulated.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a simulated furnace shape with large and small surfaces according to an embodiment of the present invention. The furnace shape size of the large and small surfaces is connected, and the furnace shape state of the large and small surfaces is simply simulated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
A method for measuring the size of a hearth when the opening degree of a converter opening is smaller than the radius of the hearth is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, purchasing a measuring device: the measuring device comprises a tripod, a two-dimensional tripod head protractor and a laser range finder, wherein the tripod is used for fixing the position of a measuring point and ensuring the accuracy of measured data; referring to fig. 1, the laser range finder is located at the upper part, the two-dimensional pan-tilt protractor is located at the middle part, and the tripod 3 is located at the bottom part for supporting.
1. Basic parameters of laser range finder
| Device name | Laser range finder |
| Model of the device | SW—S50 |
| Maximum unit of measurement | 50m |
| Minimum unit of measurement | 1mm |
| Measurement accuracy | ±1.5mm |
| Measurement range of inclination angle | ±90° |
| Error in measurement of tilt angle | ±1.5° |
| Laser wavelength | 635nm |
The distance between the measuring point and the target can be accurately measured.
1. Basic parameters of tripod
| Device name | Weifeng single lens reflex camera tripod |
| Model of the device | 3520 |
| Material of | Aluminium alloy |
| Foot pipe diameter | 21.2×16.2mm |
| Foot rest bearing | 3kg |
| Maximum height | 1390mm |
| Minimum height | 550mm |
Because handheld measurement stability is poor, the measurement center point can not be stored in the position for continuous measurement after being positioned, and therefore a tripod is used for replacing handheld measurement. The tripod has high measurement stability, and the position is always preserved in the positioning and measuring center point without deviation.
2. Two-dimensional tripod head protractor
| Device name | Two-dimensional cloud platform of two full scenery bases of Kaiweisi |
| Model of the device | VH-10R |
| Material of | High quality aluminum alloy |
| Tripod head seat | Measurement range: 180 ° measurement unit: 2.5 degree |
| Rotary movable seat | Measurement range: measurement unit of ± 90 °: 7.5 degree |
| Tripod head base | Measurement range: 360 ° measurement unit: 5 degree |
S2, determining a measurement center point: during measurement, firstly checking a measurement central point, and determining a measurement point:
s2.1, determining the center points of the left and right trunnions of the converter (see the vertical distance between the furnace mouth and the parallel line of the measuring point measured by using a laser distance meter in the figures 2 and 3, and judging whether the measuring point is on the center line of the left and right trunnions of the converter):
according to the diameter D of the hearth when the furnace is opened1The theoretical position of the measuring point is on the central line of the left trunnion and the right trunnion of the converter;
with a specific size of R1＝1/2×D1；
Wherein R is1The distance is the distance between the central points of the left trunnion and the right trunnion of the converter;
if the actual measuring result of the laser range finder is larger than R1The measuring point moves to the right, if the measured result is less than R1Moving the measuring point to the left;
s2.2, determining the central point of the size surface of the converter:
according to the diameter D of the furnace mouth when opening the furnace1The theoretical position of the measuring point is on the central line of the height of the furnace mouth;
with a specific size of R1’＝1/2×D1(ii) a Wherein R is1' is the radius of the converter mouth;
if the actual measuring result of the laser range finder is larger than R1When the measuring point moves upward, if the measured result is less than R1' the measuring point is moved down;
s2.3, marking the converter platform to determine a measurement central point: repeatedly checking the measurement center point for multiple times;
s3, establishing a target measuring point:
according to the diameter of a converter mouth and the requirement of a target measuring point, setting a total of 3 target measuring positions, the middle of a converter body, the middle of a slag line and the middle of a molten pool on a longitudinal section; setting a measuring area as a position below the middle part of the furnace body; measuring 8 target measurement points on the cross section by taking the vertical height of a large and small plane, the horizontal diameters of left and right trunnions, the inclination of a center point plus or minus 45 degrees and the inclination of the center point minus 45 degrees;
s4, measuring the furnace body at the target measuring point:
s4.1, referring to fig. 4, the depth from the measuring point to the furnace bottom is measured by using a laser distance meter, the distance from the measuring point to the furnace mouth is measured, and the difference between the two data is the depth of the furnace bottom of the converter.
The measuring steps are as follows:
s4.11, waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.12, placing the laser range finder at the marked position of the converter platform, and adjusting the measurement mode of the laser range finder to a distance measurement mode after determining a measurement point;
s4.13 starting laser range finder to measure vertical furnace bottom distance L1And recording;
s4.14 firstly adjusting the range finder mode to the strand hooking measurement mode 1, hitting a target point above the furnace mouth, and measuring the vertical distance L from the measurement point to the target point2；
S4.15 measuring point-to-vertical furnace bottom distance L1Minus the vertical distance L from the measuring point to the furnace mouth2The residual distance is the distance from the converter mouth to the converter bottom;
s4.16, comparing the actual measurement size with the original furnace bottom size, and determining the change parameters of the converter to be measured at the target measurement point; actual measured data indicate furnace bottom erosion when larger than the initial furnace bottom size and furnace bottom rise when smaller.
S4.2. the diameter measuring method of the large and small surfaces of the converter hearth, please refer to FIG. 5, the vertical height from the central line to the large and small surfaces is measured from the same angle above and below the measuring point, and the sum of the two values is the diameter of the large and small surfaces of the converter hearth.
The measuring steps are as follows:
s4.21, waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.22, after the central lines of the large and small surfaces of the converter are determined, the measuring points are adjusted downwards in the opposite direction to the target point until the laser range finder can hit the target point. Placing the laser range finder at the determined position, adjusting the scale of the angle measuring equipment to return to zero, horizontally returning to zero, and adjusting the measuring mode of the laser range finder to a distance measuring mode after the measuring point is determined;
and S4.23, opening the two-dimensional cradle head main lock screwing button, adjusting the rotary movable seat, and measuring the vertical height from the central line to the small surface. The target point is shot in the hearth, and the distance L from the target point to the measuring point is measured2And angle a at the time of measurement2Calculating the distance H of the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring point2＝L2×sina2；
S4.24 adjusting the two-dimensional cradle head to rotate the movable seat to adjust downwards, and measuring the distance L from the target point to the furnace mouth1And angle a at the time of measurement1Calculating the distance H of the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring point1＝L1×sina1；
S4.25 the vertical distance from the furnace hearth facet target point to the furnace mouth parallel line is the actual measurement size, and the actual measurement size is H2－H1。
And S4.26 the method for measuring the vertical height from the target point of the large surface of the converter hearth to the horizontal line of the furnace mouth is obtained according to the reverse operation of S4.23 and S4.24.
S4.27 actually measuring the diameter of the hearth to be the sum of the data of the vertical height from the large-surface target point to the horizontal line of the furnace opening, the vertical height from the small-surface target point to the horizontal line of the furnace opening and the diameter of the furnace opening.
S4.28, comparing the actually measured size with the blow-in data, and when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, indicating that the area is eroded, wherein the difference is the eroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is expanded, and the difference is the expansion amount.
S4.3, measuring the diameters of the left trunnion and the right trunnion, please refer to fig. 6, measuring the vertical distance from the central line to the large facet from the same angle on the left and the right of the measuring point, wherein the sum of the two numerical values is the diameter of the left trunnion and the right trunnion of the hearth of the converter.
A measurement step:
s4.31 waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.32 determining the central lines of the large and small surfaces of the converter, and moving the measuring point to the left in the opposite direction of the target point until the laser range finder can hit the target point. Placing the laser range finder at the determined position, adjusting the scale of the angle measuring equipment to return to zero, horizontally returning to zero, and adjusting the measuring mode of the laser range finder to a distance measuring mode after the measuring point is determined;
s4.33, opening the two-dimensional cradle head main lock screwing button, adjusting the rotary movable seat, and measuring the vertical distance from the central line to the left trunnion. The target point is shot in the hearth, and the distance L from the target point to the measuring point is measured4And angle a at the time of measurement4Calculating the distance H of the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring point4＝L4×sina4；
S4.34 adjusting the two-dimensional cradle head to rotate the movable seat to adjust downwards, and measuring the distance L from the target point to the furnace mouth3And angle a at the time of measurement3Calculating the distance H of the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring point3＝L3×sina3；
The vertical distance from the converter hearth facet target point to the parallel line of the furnace mouth is the actual measurement size which is H4－H3。
S4.36 the method for measuring the vertical height from the target point of the large surface of the converter hearth to the horizontal line of the furnace mouth is obtained according to the reverse operation of S4.33 and S4.34.
S4.37, actually measuring the diameter of the hearth to be the sum of the vertical distance from the target point of the left trunnion to the horizontal line of the furnace opening, the vertical distance from the target point of the right trunnion to the horizontal line of the furnace opening and the diameter of the furnace opening.
S4.38, comparing the actually measured size with the blow-in data, and when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, indicating that the area is eroded, wherein the difference is the eroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is expanded, and the difference is the expansion amount.
S4.4, measuring the diameter of the hearth inclined at 45 degrees, please refer to FIG. 7, and a schematic diagram of a +/-45-degree hearth diameter measuring point.
A measurement step:
s4.41 waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.42, placing the laser range finder at the marked position of the platform, adjusting the scale of the angle measuring equipment to return to zero, horizontally returning to zero, and adjusting the measuring mode of the laser range finder to a distance measuring mode after a measuring point is determined;
s4.43, opening the two-dimensional cradle head main lock screwing button, and adjusting the rotating movable seat downwards by 45 degrees;
s4.44, opening the base screwing button, rotating the panoramic base by 90 degrees, and aligning the measuring head of the laser range finder to the furnace.
And S4.45, opening the two-dimensional cradle head main lock screwing button, adjusting the rotary movable seat, and measuring the distance from the center line to the small surface by inclining 45 degrees. The target point is hit in the hearth, and the distance A between the measuring point and the target point is measured3And the angle of inclination theta at the time of measurement3Height I of target point vertical to horizontal line3＝A3×sinθ3；
S4.46, downwards adjusting the two-dimensional cradle head rotating movable seat, and measuring the distance from the position, inclined by 45 degrees, of the central line to the large surface in the hearth of the converter; controlling the measuring angle to theta 4-theta 3, and measuring the distance A between the target point and the measuring point4So as to calculate the vertical height I from the central line to the large surface in the hearth of the converter4＝A4×sinθ4；
S4.47, comparing the measurement result with the blow-in data, and determining the change parameters of the converter to be measured at the target measurement point; when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, the area is corroded, and the difference is the corroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is expanded, and the difference is the expansion amount.
S4.5, measuring the diameter of the furnace inclined at-45 degrees, and referring to fig. 8, measuring the size of the inner diameter of the furnace at +/-45 degrees by using the methods of fig. 5 and 6.
According to the step S4.4, measuring by a method for measuring the diameter of the hearth inclined by 45 degrees to obtain the comparison condition of the measurement result and the blow-in data, wherein when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, the area is corroded, and the difference is the corroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is shown to be expanded, and the difference is the amount of expansion;
s5, extension of the measurement method: measuring the middle part of a slag line and the middle part of a molten pool according to the measuring method of the furnace body of the target measuring point of S4; comparing the measured diameters of the middle part of the slag line and the middle part of the molten pool with the diameters of the middle part of the slag line and the middle part of the molten pool when the furnace is opened, and obtaining the deformation condition of the furnace shape; referring to FIG. 9, the inside diameters were measured at different locations inside the furnace;
s6, measuring a plurality of points on the cross section and a plurality of positions on the vertical section of the hearth, and connecting the measuring points to simulate the furnace shape; please refer to fig. 10 and 11.
The invention relates to indirect measurement of a laser range finder, which adopts the following principle: the light scattering of the laser is very small, so that a spot of the laser which is irradiated on a measured target is approximate to a point, the laser is irradiated on the surface of an object and can be subjected to diffuse reflection, the energy of the laser can be almost uniformly scattered on a spherical surface through the diffuse reflection, and the distance can be calculated by detecting the returned luminous flux per unit area. The specific size of the hearth of the converter is calculated by measuring the distance between the measuring point and the target point, measuring the angle during measurement by a protractor on a two-dimensional holder and calculating through a simple trigonometric function. The method has the characteristics of simplicity, low measurement cost, simplicity and convenience in operation, high measurement precision and the like, and replaces the original method of manually measuring the furnace bottom and the lance position by adding iron wires to the oxygen lance by using a rod; finally, the method can provide furnace lining control data and information for full-service monitoring and the improvement of the furnace life, and lays a foundation for saving refractory consumption. And effectively prevents the occurrence of major accidents of the penetration of the converter, and protects the navigation for the safe operation and the smooth production of the full-service converter.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring the size of a hearth when the opening degree of a converter opening is smaller than the radius of the hearth is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, purchasing a measuring device: the measuring device comprises a tripod, a two-dimensional tripod head protractor and a laser range finder, wherein the tripod is used for fixing the position of a measuring point and ensuring the accuracy of measured data;
s2, determining a measurement center point: during measurement, firstly checking a measurement central point, and determining a measurement point:
s2.1, determining the central points of left and right trunnions of the converter:
according to the diameter D of the hearth when the furnace is opened1The theoretical position of the measuring point is on the central line of the left trunnion and the right trunnion of the converter;
with a specific size of R1＝1/2×D1；
Wherein R is1The distance is the distance between the central points of the left trunnion and the right trunnion of the converter;
if the actual measuring result of the laser range finder is larger than R1The measuring point moves to the right, if the measured result is less than R1Moving the measuring point to the left;
s2.2, determining the central point of the size surface of the converter:
according to the diameter D of the furnace mouth when opening the furnace1The theoretical position of the measuring point is on the central line of the height of the furnace mouth;
with a specific size of R1’＝1/2×D1(ii) a Wherein R is1' is the radius of the converter mouth;
if the actual measuring result of the laser range finder is larger than R1When the measuring point moves upward, if the measured result is less than R1' the measuring point is moved down;
s2.3, marking the converter platform to determine a measurement central point: repeatedly checking the measurement center point for multiple times;
s3, establishing a target measuring point:
according to the diameter of a converter mouth and the requirement of a target measuring point, setting a total of 3 target measuring positions, the middle of a converter body, the middle of a slag line and the middle of a molten pool on a longitudinal section; setting a measuring area as a position below the middle part of the furnace body; measuring 8 target measurement points on the cross section by taking the vertical height of a large and small plane, the horizontal diameters of left and right trunnions, the inclination of a center point plus or minus 45 degrees and the inclination of the center point minus 45 degrees;
s4, measuring the furnace body at the target measuring point:
s4.1 furnace bottom measuring method
The measuring steps are as follows:
s4.11, waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.12, placing the laser range finder at the marked position of the converter platform, and adjusting the measurement mode of the laser range finder to a distance measurement mode after determining a measurement point;
s4.13 starting laser range finder to measure vertical furnace bottom distance L1And recording;
s4.14 firstly adjusting the range finder mode to the strand hooking measurement mode 1, hitting a target point above the furnace mouth, and measuring the vertical distance L from the measurement point to the target point2；
S4.15 measuring point-to-vertical furnace bottom distance L1Minus the vertical distance L from the measuring point to the furnace mouth2The residual distance is the distance from the converter mouth to the converter bottom;
s4.16, comparing the actual measurement size with the original furnace bottom size, and determining the change parameters of the converter to be measured at the target measurement point; when the actually measured data is larger than the initial furnace bottom size, the furnace bottom erosion is shown, and when the actually measured data is smaller than the initial furnace bottom size, the furnace bottom rises;
s4.2 method for measuring diameters of large and small surfaces
The measuring steps are as follows:
s4.21, waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.22, determining the central lines of the large and small surfaces of the converter, and then adjusting the measuring points downward in the opposite direction to the target point until the laser range finder can hit the target point; placing the laser range finder at the determined position, adjusting the scale of the angle measuring equipment to return to zero, horizontally returning to zero, and adjusting the measuring mode of the laser range finder to a distance measuring mode after the measuring point is determined;
s4.23, opening a main lock screwing button of the two-dimensional holder, adjusting a rotary movable seat, and measuring the vertical height from the central line to the small surface; the target point is shot in the hearth, and the distance L from the target point to the measuring point is measured2And angle a at the time of measurement2Calculating the distance H of the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring point2＝L2×sina2；
S4.24 adjusting the two-dimensional cradle head to rotate the movable seat to adjust downwards, and measuring the distance L from the target point to the furnace mouth1And angle a at the time of measurement1Calculating the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring pointDistance H1＝L1×sina1；
S4.25 the vertical distance from the furnace hearth facet target point to the furnace mouth parallel line is the actual measurement size, and the actual measurement size is H2－H1；
S4.26 obtaining the vertical height from a large-surface target point of a converter hearth to a horizontal line of a furnace mouth by a method for measuring the vertical height according to the reverse operation of S4.23 and S4.24;
s4.27 actually measuring the diameter of the hearth to be the sum of the data of the vertical height from the large-surface target point to the horizontal line of the furnace opening, the vertical height from the small-surface target point to the horizontal line of the furnace opening and the diameter of the furnace opening;
s4.28, comparing the actually measured size with the blow-in data, and when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, indicating that the area is eroded, wherein the difference is the eroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is shown to be expanded, and the difference is the amount of expansion;
s4.3 left and right trunnion diameter measurement
A measurement step:
s4.31 waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.32 determining the central lines of the large and small surfaces of the converter, and moving the measuring point to the left in the opposite direction of the target point until the laser range finder can hit the target point; placing the laser range finder at the determined position, adjusting the scale of the angle measuring equipment to return to zero, horizontally returning to zero, and adjusting the measuring mode of the laser range finder to a distance measuring mode after the measuring point is determined;
s4.33, opening a main lock screwing button of the two-dimensional holder, adjusting a rotary movable seat, and measuring the vertical distance from the central line to the left trunnion; the target point is shot in the hearth, and the distance L from the target point to the measuring point is measured4And angle a at the time of measurement4Calculating the distance H of the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring point4＝L4×sina4；
S4.34 adjusting the two-dimensional cradle head to rotate the movable seat to adjust downwards, and measuring the distance L from the target point to the furnace mouth3And angle a at the time of measurement3Calculating the distance H of the target point perpendicular to the horizontal line of the measuring point3＝L3×sina3；
Furnace from the furnace hearth facet target pointThe vertical distance of parallel lines is the actual measurement size which is H4－H3；
S4.36 obtaining the height from a large-surface target point of a converter hearth to a horizontal line of a furnace mouth by a method for measuring the vertical height according to the reverse operation of S4.33 and S4.34;
s4.37, actually measuring the diameter of the hearth to be the sum of the vertical distance from the target point of the left trunnion to the horizontal line of the furnace opening, the vertical distance from the target point of the right trunnion to the horizontal line of the furnace opening and the diameter of the furnace opening;
s4.38, comparing the actually measured size with the blow-in data, and when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, indicating that the area is eroded, wherein the difference is the eroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is shown to be expanded, and the difference is the amount of expansion;
s4.4 furnace diameter measurement with 45-degree inclination
A measurement step:
s4.41 waiting for about 1 hour after the converter is turned down for 90 degrees, and preparing for measurement when the temperature in the converter is less than 500 ℃;
s4.42, placing the laser range finder at the marked position of the platform, adjusting the scale of the angle measuring equipment to return to zero, horizontally returning to zero, and adjusting the measuring mode of the laser range finder to a distance measuring mode after a measuring point is determined;
s4.43, opening the two-dimensional cradle head main lock screwing button, and adjusting the rotating movable seat downwards by 45 degrees;
s4.44, opening a base screwing button, rotating the panoramic base by 90 degrees, and aligning a measuring head of the laser range finder to the furnace;
s4.45, opening a main lock screwing button of the two-dimensional holder, adjusting a rotary movable seat, and measuring the distance from the position of the central line inclined by 45 degrees to the small surface in the hearth of the converter; the target point is hit in the hearth, and the distance A between the measuring point and the target point is measured3And the angle of inclination theta at the time of measurement3Height I of target point vertical to horizontal line3＝A3×sinθ3；
S4.46, downwards adjusting the two-dimensional cradle head rotating movable seat, and measuring the distance from the position, inclined by 45 degrees, of the central line to the large surface in the hearth of the converter; controlling the measuring angle to theta 4-theta 3, and measuring the distance A between the target point and the measuring point4So as to calculate the vertical height I from the central line to the large surface in the hearth of the converter4＝A4×sinθ4；
S4.47, comparing the measurement result with the blow-in data, and determining the change parameters of the converter to be measured at the target measurement point; when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, the area is corroded, and the difference is the corroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is shown to be expanded, and the difference is the amount of expansion;
s4.5 inclined-45 degree hearth diameter measurement
According to the step S4.4, measuring by a method for measuring the diameter of the hearth inclined by 45 degrees to obtain the comparison condition of the measurement result and the blow-in data, wherein when the actually measured data is larger than the size of the initial hearth, the area is corroded, and the difference is the corroded amount; when the difference is smaller than the preset value, the area is shown to be expanded, and the difference is the amount of expansion;
s5, extension of the measurement method: measuring the middle part of a slag line and the middle part of a molten pool according to the measuring method of the furnace body of the target measuring point of S4; comparing the measured diameters of the middle part of the slag line and the middle part of the molten pool with the diameters of the middle part of the slag line and the middle part of the molten pool when the furnace is opened, and obtaining the deformation condition of the furnace shape;
s6, measuring a plurality of points on the cross section and a plurality of positions on the vertical section of the hearth, and connecting the measuring points to simulate the furnace shape.
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