CN110172357B - Two-section type series biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device - Google Patents

Two-section type series biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110172357B
CN110172357B CN201910473613.XA CN201910473613A CN110172357B CN 110172357 B CN110172357 B CN 110172357B CN 201910473613 A CN201910473613 A CN 201910473613A CN 110172357 B CN110172357 B CN 110172357B
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pyrolysis
rotary furnace
fluidized bed
biomass
gas
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CN110172357A (en
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李斌
张柯
梁淼
鲁端峰
张明建
朱文魁
王乐
邓楠
黄锋
刘晓萍
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Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC
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Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A two-stage series biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device is a two-stage series pyrolysis device coupled with a fluidized bed fast pyrolysis process and a rotary furnace slow pyrolysis process, and is used for carrying out grading treatment on the biomass pyrolysis process; the system specifically comprises a biomass raw material storage bin, a feeding system, a fluidized bed pyrolysis system, a rotary furnace pyrolysis system, a pyrolytic carbon product collection system and a pyrolytic carrier gas distribution control system; the fluidized bed pyrolysis system is connected with a feed inlet of the rotary furnace pyrolysis system through a cyclone separator. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fluidized bed fast pyrolysis process and the rotary furnace slow pyrolysis process are coupled in series, the biomass raw material can be subjected to graded pyrolysis process regulation and control, the operation parameters are flexible to control, and the device is stable and reliable to operate; the device has high universality and flexibility, can realize directional regulation and control of the structural performance of the pyrolytic carbon product according to the physical properties of raw materials, has continuous production process, can regulate and control the surface characteristics and pore structures of the product, and has the advantages of uniform heating of the material, high quality and uniform and stable quality.

Description

Two-section type series biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass utilization, and particularly relates to a two-section type serial biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device.
Background
The energy and resource utilization of biomass waste are of great significance for improving energy structure, guaranteeing energy safety and promoting ecological civilization construction, and a thermochemical conversion method is an important way for realizing effective utilization of biomass resources, wherein a pyrolysis technology can convert biomass resources into stored energy in the forms of fuel gas, fuel oil and pyrolytic carbon in an anaerobic or anaerobic environment. Particularly, the biomass charcoal product generated after pyrolysis and carbonization is a highly aromatic carbon-containing solid substance, has rich functional groups and developed pore structures, can be used as high-quality solid fuel, can play an important role in soil restoration improvement, functional materials and the like, and can be widely developed and utilized. The pyrolysis reactor is the key for realizing thermochemical conversion, and the biomass pyrolysis carbonization device commonly used at present mainly comprises a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, a spiral pyrolysis reactor and other types.
The structural form and technological parameters of the pyrolysis device have important influence on the physicochemical structure, fuel property and other qualities of the pyrolytic carbon product. For example, the fixed bed device has simple structure, but lower heat transfer efficiency, and poor quality uniformity of pyrolytic carbon products caused by uneven heating of materials in the carbonization process, and belongs to intermittent production. The spiral pyrolysis reaction device can realize continuous production, but the expansion and contraction of the screw shaft at high temperature easily causes the reduction of the sealing property of the device, and in order to ensure pyrolysis residence time, the spiral pyrolysis reactor is used for improving the quality uniformity of pyrolytic carbon products, and a lengthened screw shaft is adopted, so that the screw shaft is easily deformed at high temperature, and the materials are blocked and cannot be conveyed normally. In addition, the condensable pyrolysis gas in the biomass pyrolysis carbonization process is easy to be adsorbed by the biochar, so that the use of the pyrolysis carbon in the specific field is limited, and if the requirements of the carbon heating type cigarette on the carbon heating body material can not be met.
In summary, in order to continuously and stably obtain a high-quality pyrolytic carbon product with stable and uniform quality, high purity and no adsorbed tar on the surface, it is necessary to develop a high-quality pyrolytic carbon production device which is continuously and stably operated and can regulate and control the surface structural characteristics of biomass pyrolytic carbon.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a two-stage series biomass continuous pyrolysis device, in particular to a two-stage series pyrolysis device coupled with a fluidized bed fast pyrolysis process and a rotary furnace slow pyrolysis process, which can be used for carrying out grading treatment on biomass pyrolysis process, has controllable and adjustable operation parameters in each stage of pyrolysis process, can realize directional production of pyrolysis gas, oil and charcoal, and is particularly easy to regulate and control pore structure and surface characteristics of a pyrolysis charcoal product, and has high quality, good continuity and stability of the pyrolysis charcoal product.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a two-stage series biomass continuous pyrolysis device is a two-stage series pyrolysis device coupled with a fluidized bed fast pyrolysis process and a rotary furnace slow pyrolysis process, and is used for carrying out grading treatment on the biomass pyrolysis process; the system specifically comprises a biomass raw material storage bin, a feeding system, a fluidized bed pyrolysis system, a rotary furnace pyrolysis system, a pyrolytic carbon product collection system and a pyrolytic carrier gas distribution control system; the fluidized bed pyrolysis system is connected with a feed inlet of the rotary furnace pyrolysis system through a cyclone separator.
The fluidized bed pyrolysis system comprises a reducing hearth main body and an air distribution plate arranged at the bottom of the hearth; the variable-diameter hearth main body is divided into four parts, namely a preheating section, a bubbling section, a transition section and a lifting section, wherein a fluidization air buffer tank for inputting carrier gas is arranged at the lower part of the preheating section, a feed inlet communicated with a feed system is arranged at the bubbling section, a high-temperature resistance heating element, a silicon carbide refractory layer, an insulating layer and a metal furnace wall are arranged on the hearth main body from inside to outside, and a thermocouple temperature measuring device is arranged on the outer wall of the hearth. The temperature of each stage in the fluidized bed thermal system can be adjusted in the range of less than 1100 o C.
The rotary furnace pyrolysis system is composed of a rotary furnace body and a temperature control device, wherein the rotary furnace body and the temperature control device are arranged on a rack, the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the furnace body are adjustable, the residence time of a pyrolytic carbon sample in the furnace body can be controlled, a pyrolytic carrier gas inlet is formed in the front end of a feed inlet of the furnace body, the types and the flow of the pyrolytic carrier gas can be independently set and adjusted, the temperature control mode of the furnace body is electric heating type, and the heating rate and the termination temperature are adjustable. The inclination angle of a rotary furnace body in the pyrolysis system of the rotary furnace can be adjusted within the range of 0-60 o (the discharge end is lower than or is parallel to the feed end), the rotating speed of the furnace body can be adjusted within the range of 0-60r/min, so that the residence time of pyrolytic carbon in the rotary furnace is controlled, and the temperature control range of the rotary furnace body can be from room temperature to 900 o ℃. (where the temperature is set below the temperature of the fluidised bed, as determined by the nature of the materials used in the actual apparatus, the temperature of the rotary kiln may also be higher than that of the fluidised bed, as required for the particular application of the product)
The cyclone separator is a two-stage cyclone separation device, an electric heating device is arranged on the periphery of the cyclone separation device, and the heating rate, the termination temperature and the heating power of the electric heating device can be set by a multi-stage intelligent programmable instrument.
The biomass raw material storage bin and the auger feeding system are arranged on the base, the biomass raw material storage bin is provided with the vibrator and the bin pressurizing air inlet, the working frequency of the vibrator can be adjusted according to the material flow characteristics, the problem of uneven discharging of biomass raw materials due to bridging arching is effectively solved, and the stability of product quality is ensured from the source.
The auger feeding system is driven by a variable frequency motor, the rotating speed is adjustable, and a jacket outside the auger feeding system is provided with circulating cooling water.
The pyrolysis carbon product collecting system is a steel funnel-shaped receiving tank, the steel funnel-shaped receiving tank is connected with a discharge hole of the rotary furnace, a pyrolysis gas outlet is formed in the upper portion of the receiving tank, the pyrolysis gas of the secondary rotary furnace can be mixed with the pyrolysis gas of the primary fluidized bed after the cyclone separator, tar is collected through a condenser, the non-condensable pyrolysis gas can be used for gas heating, and a pyrolysis carbon discharge valve is arranged at the lower portion of the receiving tank.
The pyrolysis carrier gas distribution control system is provided with two paths or multiple paths of gas channels, each gas pipeline is provided with a valve and a flowmeter, the flow is controllable, the mixing of different pyrolysis carrier gases can be realized, and the pyrolysis carrier gases can be respectively input into the charging air inlet on the storage bin, the fluidized air buffer tank of the fluidized bed pyrolysis system and the carrier gas inlet at the front end of the feed inlet of the rotary furnace.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) According to the invention, the fluidized bed fast pyrolysis process and the rotary furnace slow pyrolysis process are coupled in series, the biomass raw material can be subjected to graded pyrolysis process regulation and control, the operation parameters are flexible to control, and the device is stable and reliable to operate; 2) The invention has high versatility and flexibility, can realize directional regulation and control of the structural performance of the pyrolytic carbon product according to the physical properties of raw materials, has continuous production process, and uniform material heating and uniform and stable quality; 3) The surface characteristics and pore structure of the pyrolytic carbon product are convenient to regulate and control in the secondary pyrolysis process, and the surface of the pyrolytic carbon product has less adsorbed impurities and high purity and quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage series biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device of the invention,
In the figure: 1. a biomass raw material storage bin; 1-1, a pressurized air inlet; 1-2, a biomass feed inlet; 1-3, a variable frequency vibrator; 2. a packing auger feeding system; 2-1, a variable frequency motor; 3. the device comprises a fluidized bed pyrolysis system, a 3-1 thermocouple temperature measuring device; 4. a rotary furnace pyrolysis system; 5. a pyrolytic carbon product collection system; 6. a pyrolysis carrier gas system; 6-1, a gas-carrying buffer tank; 7. a cyclone separator; 8. and a condenser.
Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pyrolysis body of a fluidized bed,
In the figure: 3-2: a preheating section; 3-3: a bubbling section; 3-4: a transition section; 3-5: a lifting section; 3-6: a high temperature resistive heating element; 3-7: a silicon carbide refractory layer; 3-8: a heat preservation layer; 3-9: a furnace wall; 3-10: and a wind distribution plate.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the two-stage series biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device mainly comprises a biomass raw material storage bin 1, an auger feeding system 2, a fluidized bed pyrolysis system 3, a rotary furnace pyrolysis system 4, a pyrolytic carbon product collecting system 5 and a pyrolytic carrier gas distribution control system 6. The fluidized bed pyrolysis system 3 is connected with a feed inlet of the rotary furnace pyrolysis system 4 through a two-stage cyclone separator 7.
The upper part of the biomass raw material storage bin 1 is sealed, and is provided with a raw material pressurizing air inlet 1-1 and a variable frequency vibrator 1-3, so that the vibration frequency and the pressurizing air flow are adjusted according to the flow characteristics of biomass raw materials, the problem of bridging and arching of the raw materials can be effectively solved, and the raw materials are uniformly discharged. The rotating speed of the auger feeding system 2 is driven by a variable frequency motor 2-1, circulating cooling water is arranged in a jacket outside the auger, the feeding speed is continuously adjustable, and the biomass raw material can be stably conveyed to the fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor.
The fluidized bed pyrolysis reaction system 3 comprises an air distribution plate 3-10 arranged at the bottom of a variable-diameter hearth, the variable-diameter hearth main body is divided into four parts of a preheating section 3-2, a bubbling section 3-3, a transition section 3-4 and a lifting section 3-5, wherein a fluidized air buffer tank 6-1 for inputting carrier gas is arranged at the lower part of the preheating section, a biomass feed inlet communicated with the feed system 2 is arranged at the bubbling section, a high-temperature resistance heating element 3-6, a silicon carbide refractory layer 3-7, a heat preservation layer 3-8 and a metal furnace wall 3-9 are arranged on the hearth main body from inside to outside, and a thermocouple temperature measuring device 3-1 is arranged on the outer wall of the hearth; the temperatures of the four parts can be respectively controlled by a multi-section intelligent programmable instrument. The upper end of the hearth main body is communicated with a two-stage cyclone separator, an electric heating device is arranged on the periphery of the separator, and the two-stage cyclone separator 7 separates primary pyrolytic carbon and conveys the primary pyrolytic carbon to a pyrolysis system of the rotary furnace through a pipeline.
The rotary furnace pyrolysis system 4 consists of a furnace body, a frame and a temperature control device, wherein a furnace body feed inlet is connected with a pyrolysis carbon discharge pipeline at the lower part of the cyclone separator, a secondary pyrolysis carrier gas inlet is arranged at the front end of the feed inlet, and the secondary pyrolysis gas can be connected with a fluidized bed pyrolysis gas pipeline or change pyrolysis atmosphere and flow according to target requirements; the inclination angle of the furnace body can be adjusted within the range of 0-60 o, the rotating speed can be adjusted within the range of 0-60r/min, the residence time of the pyrolytic carbon sample in the furnace body can be controlled, the temperature control mode of the furnace body is electric heating type, and the heating rate and the termination temperature (lower than 900 o C) can be adjusted.
The pyrolytic carbon product collecting system 5 is a steel funnel-shaped receiving tank, the pyrolytic carbon product collecting system is connected with an outlet of the rotary furnace through a sealing bearing, a pyrolytic gas outlet is formed in the upper portion of the receiving tank, secondary pyrolytic gas of the rotary furnace can be mixed with primary fluidized bed pyrolytic gas after a cyclone separator, tar is collected through a condenser 8, non-condensable pyrolytic gas can be used for gas heating, and a pyrolytic carbon discharging valve is arranged at the lower portion of the receiving tank.

Claims (7)

1. A two-section type series biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device is characterized in that: the device is a two-stage series pyrolysis device coupled with a fluidized bed fast pyrolysis process and a rotary furnace slow pyrolysis process, and is used for grading the biomass pyrolysis process; the device specifically comprises a biomass raw material storage bin, an auger feeding system, a fluidized bed pyrolysis system, a rotary furnace pyrolysis system, a pyrolytic carbon product collection system and a pyrolytic carrier gas distribution control system; the fluidized bed pyrolysis system is connected with a feed inlet of the rotary furnace pyrolysis system through a cyclone separator;
The fluidized bed pyrolysis system comprises a reducing hearth main body and an air distribution plate arranged at the bottom of the hearth; the variable-diameter hearth main body is divided into four parts, namely a preheating section, a bubbling section, a transition section and a lifting section, wherein a fluidization air buffer tank for inputting carrier gas is arranged at the lower part of the preheating section, a feed inlet communicated with a feed system is arranged at the bubbling section, a high-temperature resistance heating element, a silicon carbide refractory layer, a heat preservation layer and a metal furnace wall are arranged on the hearth main body from inside to outside, and a thermocouple temperature measuring device is arranged on the outer wall of the hearth; the temperature of each section in the fluidized bed pyrolysis system is regulated within the range of less than 1100 ℃;
The rotary furnace pyrolysis system is composed of a rotary furnace body and a temperature control device, wherein the rotary furnace body and the temperature control device are arranged on a rack, the inclination angle and the rotating speed of the furnace body are adjustable, the residence time of a pyrolytic carbon sample in the furnace body can be controlled, a pyrolytic carrier gas inlet is arranged at the front end of a feed inlet of the furnace body, the types and the flow of the pyrolytic carrier gas are independently set and adjusted, the temperature control mode of the furnace body is electric heating type, and the heating rate and the termination temperature are adjustable.
2. The two-stage serial biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein: the cyclone separator is a two-stage cyclone separation device, an electric heating device is arranged on the periphery of the cyclone separation device, and the heating rate, the termination temperature and the heating power of the electric heating device are all set by multi-stage intelligent programmable meters.
3. The two-stage serial biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein: the biomass raw material storage bin is provided with a vibrator and a bin pressurizing air inlet, and the working frequency of the vibrator is adjusted according to the material flow characteristic.
4. The two-stage serial biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein: the auger feeding system is driven by a variable frequency motor, the rotating speed is adjustable, and a jacket outside the auger feeding system is provided with circulating cooling water.
5. The two-stage serial biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein: the pyrolysis carbon product collecting system is a steel funnel-shaped receiving tank, the steel funnel-shaped receiving tank is connected with a discharge hole of the rotary furnace, a pyrolysis gas outlet is formed in the upper portion of the receiving tank, the pyrolysis gas of the secondary rotary furnace is mixed with the pyrolysis gas of the primary fluidized bed after the cyclone separator, tar is collected through a condenser, the non-condensable pyrolysis gas is used as fuel gas for heat supply, and a pyrolysis carbon discharge valve is arranged at the lower portion of the receiving tank.
6. The two-stage serial biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 3, wherein: the pyrolysis carrier gas distribution control system is provided with a plurality of gas channels, each gas pipeline is provided with a valve and a flowmeter, the flow is controllable, the mixing of different pyrolysis carrier gases can be realized, and the pyrolysis carrier gases are respectively input into a pressurized air inlet on a feed bin, a fluidized air buffer tank of the fluidized bed pyrolysis system and a carrier gas inlet at the front end of a feed inlet of the rotary furnace.
7. The two-stage serial biomass continuous pyrolysis carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein: the inclination angle of a rotary furnace body in the pyrolysis system of the rotary furnace is adjusted within the range of 0-60 degrees, the rotating speed of the furnace body is adjusted within the range of 0-60r/min, so that the residence time of pyrolytic carbon in the rotary furnace is controlled, and the temperature of the rotary furnace body is controlled within the range of room temperature to 900 ℃.
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