CN110171286A - 一种紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力*** - Google Patents
一种紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力*** Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
- B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
- B60K2006/266—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators with two coaxial motors or generators
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,属于汽车技术领域。它解决了如何在提高NVH性能的同时提高动力***结构紧凑性的问题。本混合动力***包括沿同一轴线布置的发动机、发电机、电动机、外输入轴和内输入轴,发电机的转子与外输入轴直接或间接传动相连;电动机的转子为空心结构且内输入轴位于该转子内部。内输入轴上连接有与内输入轴同轴布置的行星齿轮机构二,行星齿轮机构二通过离合器与外输入轴传动相连。通过以上设计,在提高NVH性能的同时还大大提高了动力***结构的紧凑性,并且还具备良好的燃油经济性和加速动力性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于汽车技术领域,涉及一种紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***。
背景技术
随着全球汽车保有量的不断增加以及能源和环境问题的日益严重,新能源汽车成为了发展的趋势,但纯电动汽车由于电池技术的限制,续航里程不足,所以混合动力汽车是过渡阶段的最好选择。混合动力汽车兼顾了传统汽车的动力性和续航里程以及纯电动汽车的低排放,按照动力***结构布置的不同,现有的混合动力汽车的动力***分为串联、并联、混联三种。其中,混联式混合动力***能够兼顾串联、并联***的优点,而备受亲睐。
目前,混联式混合动力***一般有两种主流设计,一种是以丰田的THS为代表的功率分流式混合动力***;另一种是以本田的iMMD为首的增程式混合动力***。其中丰田的THS***采用单行星排结构,属于单模功率分流装置,由于动力源扭矩是作用在行星齿轮机构力矩杠杆的不同节点上,扭矩互相平衡,不能叠加,所以这种功率分流式混合动力汽车的动力加速性较差,在高速区的传动效率较低。而本田的iMMD***,如中国专利文献CN103298637B公开的混合动力车辆的驱动装置中动力***,其中的发动机可直接连到输出轴上,其输出扭矩与电动机的输出扭矩叠加在一起,极大地提高了车辆的动力加速性,且发动机发电效率高,在高速时发动机可直接驱动车辆,在高速区的传动效率也比较高。
但是,在上述混合动力车辆的驱动装置中,由于发动机轴、电动机轴、输出轴和差速器轴一共有4根轴在不同位置,不但整体布置结构复杂、径向体积大,要保证这些轴芯位置精度的制造难度也比较大;并且,各轴受力变形加上制造误差会影响齿轮的传递精度,导致难以控制NVH性能;现有技术中,一般常规的手段是通过将发动机、发电机、电动机同轴布置,以此减少多轴位置制造误差引起的NVH性能差的问题;但是,现有动力***采用上述布置方式后,往往导致整个使得整个***的结构十分复杂,并且导致轴向布置空间过大,导致整个动力结构松散不紧凑。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的技术存在上述问题,提出了一种紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,本发明解决的技术问题是如何在提高NVH性能的同时提高动力***整体结构的紧凑性。
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现:一种紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,包括沿同一轴线布置的发动机、发电机、电动机、外输入轴和内输入轴,所述发动机与外输入轴传动相连,所述电动机与内输入轴传动相连,所述发电机的转子与外输入轴直接或间接传动相连,所述电动机的转子为空心结构且内输入轴位于该转子内部。
当发电机的转子与外输入轴间接传动相连时,所述发电机的转子为空心结构且该转子内部设有行星齿轮机构一,且所述外输入轴穿设在行星齿轮机构一内部,所述发电机与外输入轴之间通过上述行星齿轮机构一传动连接。
区别于现有技术,本紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***通过将发动机、发电机、电动机、外输入轴和内输入轴设计为同轴布置的同时,对发动机、发电机、电动机相关的变速传动机构的布置结构做出了进一步的改进,以此弥补上述为提高NVH性能而采用同轴布置带来的动力***结构整体在轴向上的布置空间变大的问题,从而在提高NVH性能的同时提高动力***结构的紧凑性;当发电机的转子与外输入轴直接传动相连时,这样使得两者之间无需设计另外的传动结构,以此节省了传动结构所需的布置空间,从而有利于提高整体结构的紧凑性;当发电机的转子与外输入轴通过行星齿轮机构一间接传动相连时,其设计原理如下:本混合动力***中的发电机和电动机的转子均设计为空心转子结构,那么在发电机布置所在的位置,通过将行星齿轮机构一布置在发电机转子的内部,然后使与发动机相连的外输入轴也穿设在行星齿轮机构内,这样使得发电机转子内部的轴向空间得到充分利用,从而大大节约了轴向布置空间,提高了动力***结构的紧凑性;而在电动机布置所在的位置,通过将内输入轴布置设计在电动机转子内部,这样使得电动机转子内部的轴向空间也能够得到充分利用,以此配合上述发电机所在位置的布置设计,从而使得动力***在轴向上的整体布置更加紧凑;因此,通过以上结构布置的设计,大大提高了动力***整体结构的紧凑性。
在上述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***中,所述内输入轴上连接有与内输入轴同轴布置的行星齿轮机构二,所述行星齿轮机构二通过离合器与外输入轴传动相连,所述行星齿轮机构二上连有输出齿轮,该输出齿轮与混合动力***的差速器传动连接。为提高传动效率,采用行星齿轮机构二能够给电动机的输出减速增扭;同时,通过将行星齿轮机构二与内输入轴同轴布置,这样使得在动力***在径向上的结构也更加紧凑;并且,本动力***仅采用一个离合器进行各动力模式控制转换,即当离合器处于离合状态时,此时车辆处于纯电动模式;当离合器处于结合状态时,车辆处于混动模式;这样设计有利于简化动力***结构,进一步提高整体结构紧凑性。
在上述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***中,所述行星齿轮机构二设置在电动机转子的内部。通过以上设计,进一步节省了动力***结构的轴向布置空间,从而进一步提高了结构紧凑性;同时,这样设计也能够避免了平行轴齿轮因位置误差带来的传递误差,也有利于NVH性能的提高。
在上述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***中,所述离合器设置在发电机转子的内部。通过以上设计,能够进一步节省了动力***结构的轴向布置空间,从而进一步提高了结构紧凑性。
在上述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***中,所述行星齿轮机构一包括行星架一、太阳轮一和齿圈一,所述外输入轴与行星架一相连且穿设在太阳轮一内,所述齿圈一位于发电机的转子内部且与发电机转子相连,所述混合动力***还包括壳体,所述太阳轮一固定在壳体上,所述离合器的外转鼓与行星架一相连。行星齿轮机构一通过以上各部件的布置连接,以此实现了发动机与发电机的传动连接,且保证结构的紧凑性;同时,上述行星齿轮机构一能够给发电机增速,将发电机转速提高到发动机转速150%以上,使发电机和发动机都在高效速度区工作,以提高车辆燃油经济性。
在上述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***中,所述行星齿轮机构二包括行星架二、太阳轮二和齿圈二;所述离合器的内转鼓与行星架二相连;所述输出齿轮也与行星架二相连;所述太阳轮二的轮轴一端穿设在内输入轴内且与内输入轴固连,另一端穿设在外输入轴内;所述混合动力***还包括壳体,所述齿圈二固定在壳体上。行星齿轮机构二通过以上各部件的布置连接,以此实现了电动机分别与外输入轴和差速器的传动连接,且上述太阳轮二的轮轴的两端穿设设计,有利于节省轴向布置空间,提高结构紧凑性。
作为另一种方案,在上述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***中,所述行星齿轮机构二包括行星架二、太阳轮二和齿圈二;所述混合动力***还包括壳体,所述行星架二与壳体固定;所述太阳轮二的轮轴一端穿设在内输入轴内且与内输入轴固连,另一端穿设在外输入轴内;所述离合器的内转鼓与齿圈二相连;所述输出齿轮也与齿圈二相连。如果电动机功率较大,电动机驱动总减速比较小,要求输出齿轮的减速比较小,通过以上设计有利于输出齿轮的布置设计。
在上述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***中,所述输出齿轮通过链条与混合动力***的差速器传动连接。通过以上采用链条传动,能够省去一根输出轴,从而简化了整体结构,有利于提高NVH性能和结构紧凑性。
在上述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***中,所述混合动力***还包括壳体和用于控制离合器离合动作的螺旋式致动器,所述螺旋式致动器包括定螺套、动螺套和驱动电机,所述定螺套固定在壳体上,所述定螺套与动螺套通过螺纹配合,所述驱动电机的电机轴通过传动机构与动螺套相连能使动螺套转动的同时相对于定螺套轴向运动,所述动螺套轴向运动使离合器结合或脱开。本汽车离合器的螺旋式致动器采用定螺套和动螺套的配合提供使离合器结合或脱开的轴向推动力,当离合器需要结合时,驱动电机的电机轴旋转通过传动机构带动动螺套转动,由于定螺套固定在壳体上,动螺套转动同时相对于定螺套轴向运动并作用在离合器上使离合器结合;当离合器需要脱开时,驱动电机的电机轴反转带动动螺套复位,离合器脱开。与现有技术中的液压式致动器相比,本汽车离合器的螺旋式致动器通过驱动电机控制,无需配套液压***,结构简单、制造成本和功耗低,有利于提高动力***结构布置的紧凑性。并且,相比于现有技术中采用螺杆螺母的方案,本汽车离合器的螺旋式致动器采用定螺套和动螺套,在运动过程中不容易产生晃动,进而保证了螺旋式致动器的稳定性。
在上述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***中,所述壳体上具有从壳体内壁向内突出的支撑凸台,所述定螺套呈筒状并套设在上述支撑凸台上,所述定螺套的内壁和支撑凸台的外壁紧密接触。支撑凸台对定螺套起到支撑作用,进一步提高动螺套相对于定螺套转动和轴向运动的稳定性。
与现有技术相比,本紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***具有以下优点:
1、本***通过将发动机、发电机、电动机同轴布置设计的同时,并对相关的变速、传动机构的布置做出了进一步的改进设计,从而在提高NVH性能的同时还大大提高了动力***结构的紧凑性,并且还使得本***具备良好的燃油经济性和加速动力性;
2、本发明采用螺旋式致动器控制离合器,节省致动器成本、功耗和布置空间,能够进一步提高整车燃油经济性和结构紧凑性。
附图说明
图1是本实施例一中混合动力***的示意简图。
图2是本实施例一中混合动力***的结构示意图。
图3是本螺旋式致动器的结构示意图。
图4是本螺旋式致动器传动部分的结构示意图。
图5是本实施例二中混合动力***的示意简图。
图6是本实施例三中混合动力***的示意简图。
图7是本实施例五中混合动力***的示意简图。
图中,a、壳体;a1、支撑凸台;1、发动机;2、发电机;3、电动机;4、外输入轴;5、内输入轴;6、行星齿轮机构一;61、行星架一;62、太阳轮一;63、齿圈一;7、行星齿轮机构二;71、行星架二;72、太阳轮二;721、轮轴;73、齿圈二;74、输出齿轮;8、离合器;81、外转鼓;82、内转鼓;9、差速器;10、链条;11、定螺套;12、动螺套;13、驱动电机;14、齿弧;15、驱动齿轮;16、输出轴。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例一:
具体来说,如图1和图2所示,本紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***包括沿同一轴线布置的发动机1、发电机2、电动机3、外输入轴4和内输入轴5,发动机1与外输入轴4传动相连,电动机3与内输入轴5传动相连。发电机2的转子为空心结构且该转子内部设有行星齿轮机构一6,且外输入轴4穿设在行星齿轮机构一6内部,发电机2与外输入轴4之间通过上述行星齿轮机构一6传动连接;电动机3的转子为空心结构且内输入轴5位于该转子内部,内输入轴5上连接有与内输入轴5同轴布置的行星齿轮机构二7,行星齿轮机构二7通过离合器8与外输入轴4传动相连。行星齿轮机构二7上连有输出齿轮74,输出齿轮74通过链条10与混合动力***的差速器9传动连接。
更具体地,行星齿轮机构一6包括行星架一61、太阳轮一62和齿圈一63,外输入轴4与行星架一61相连且穿设在太阳轮一62内,齿圈一63位于发电机2的转子内部且与发电机2转子相连,混合动力***还包括壳体a,太阳轮一62固定在壳体a上,离合器8的外转鼓81与行星架一61相连。行星齿轮机构二7包括行星架二71、太阳轮二72和齿圈二73;离合器8的内转鼓82与行星架二71相连;输出齿轮74也与行星架二71相连;太阳轮二72的轮轴721一端穿设在内输入轴5内且与内输入轴5固连,另一端穿设在外输入轴4内;混合动力***还包括壳体a,齿圈二73固定在壳体a上。
本实施例中,混合动力***还包括用于控制离合器8离合动作的螺旋式致动器,螺旋式致动器包括定螺套11、动螺套12和驱动电机13,定螺套11固定在壳体a上,定螺套11与动螺套12通过螺纹配合,驱动电机13的电机轴通过传动机构与动螺套12相连能使动螺套12转动的同时相对于定螺套11轴向运动,动螺套12轴向运动使离合器8结合或脱开。壳体a上具有从壳体a内壁向内突出的支撑凸台a1,定螺套11呈筒状并套设在上述支撑凸台a1上,定螺套11的内壁和支撑凸台a1的外壁紧密接触。
其中的传动机构包括固定在动螺套12上的呈圆弧状的齿弧14和安装在驱动电机13电机轴上的驱动齿轮15,齿弧14和驱动齿轮15啮合。由于动螺套12不需要转动一周,通过齿弧14带动动螺套12能够最大限度地节省材料和空间,有利于提高结构紧凑性;并且齿弧14和驱动齿轮15的减速比放大了驱动电机13的扭矩,可以给动螺套12的轴向运动提供足够的扭力,从而提高螺旋式致动器的稳定性。作为替代,上述传动机构也采用以下结构,包括固定在动螺套12上的直齿轮一和安装在驱动电机13电机轴上的直齿轮二,直齿轮一和直齿轮二啮合,直齿轮一上具有让位孔。
本实例中,混合动力***的工作原理如下:当处在城市工况下时,离合器8脱开,车辆由电动机3驱动,即电动机3扭矩从转子经内输入轴5、太阳轮二72传到行星架二71,再经链条10和差速器9驱动车轮。其中,行星齿轮机构二7的太阳轮二72到行星架二71的速比可为3.0-5.0之间,加上链条10的速比2.0-2.5,电机驱动的总速比可为6.0-12.5之间,足以满足一般电动车的减速要求。同时,发动机1动力经曲轴、减振器、外输入轴4、行星架一61带动齿圈一63,即发电机2转子运转,带动发电机2发电。其中,行星齿轮机构一6可将发电机2的转速增至发动机1转速的1.5至2倍之间,例如,发动机1高效转速在2000rpm左右,发电机2高效转速在3000rpm左右。将行星齿轮机构一6的齿圈一63和行星架一61的速比设计为1.5,那么发动机1和发电机2就均在高效转速下工作。当在高速行驶时,离合器8接合,发动机1动力经曲轴、减振器、外输入轴4、行星架一61、离合器8、行星架二71、输出齿轮74、链条10、差速器9传到车轮,直接高效驱动车辆;当要求快速加速时,离合器8接合,发动机1、发电机2和电动机3可同时驱动,保证车辆良好加速动力性。
实施例二:
本实施例中的技术方案与实施例一中的技术方案基本相同,不同之处在于,本实施例中,当发动机1高效工作转速较高,或者最高车速较大,可采用一根输出轴16来增加发动机1直接驱动减速比。具体结构如下:混合动力***包括输出轴16,行星齿轮机构二7的输出齿轮74通过齿轮与输出轴16传动连接,输出轴16通过齿轮与混合动力***的差速器9传动连接。
实施例三:
本实施例中的技术方案与实施例一中的技术方案基本相同,不同之处在于,本实施例中,当电动机3功率较大,电动机3驱动总减速比较小,要求行星齿轮减速比较小时,为了便于设计,可采用以下结构:行星齿轮机构二7包括行星架二71、太阳轮二72和齿圈二73;混合动力***还包括壳体a,行星架二71与壳体a固定;太阳轮二72的轮轴721一端穿设在内输入轴5内且与内输入轴5固连,另一端穿设在外输入轴4内;离合器8的内转鼓82与齿圈二73相连;输出齿轮74也与齿圈二73相连。
实施例四:
本实施例中的技术方案与实施例一中的技术方案基本相同,作为进一步优选,行星齿轮机构二7设置在电动机3转子的内部,离合器8设置在发电机2转子的内部。
实施例五:
本实施例中的技术方案与实施例三中的技术方案基本相同,为进一步简化设计,如图7所示,对于那些在低速下也能高效工作的发电机2,本实施例中删去了行星齿轮机构一6,外输入轴4直接与发电机2的转子相连。这样可节省一套行星齿轮机构的成本,且有利于节省布置空间,提高结构紧凑性。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
尽管本文较多地使用了壳体a、支撑凸台a1、发动机1、发电机2、电动机3、外输入轴4、内输入轴5、行星齿轮机构一6、行星架一61、太阳轮一62、齿圈一63、行星齿轮机构二7、行星架二71、太阳轮二72、轮轴721、齿圈二73、输出齿轮74、离合器8、外转鼓81、内转鼓82、差速器9、链条10、定螺套11、动螺套12、驱动电机13、齿弧14、驱动齿轮15、输出轴16等术语,但并不排除使用其它术语的可能性。使用这些术语仅仅是为了更方便地描述和解释本发明的本质;把它们解释成任何一种附加的限制都是与本发明精神相违背的。
Claims (11)
1.一种紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,包括沿同一轴线布置的发动机(1)、发电机(2)、电动机(3)、外输入轴(4)和内输入轴(5),所述发动机(1)与外输入轴(4)传动相连,所述电动机(3)与内输入轴(5)传动相连,其特征在于,所述发电机(2)的转子与外输入轴(4)直接或间接传动相连,所述电动机(3)的转子为空心结构且内输入轴(5)位于该转子内部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,其特征在于,当发电机(2)的转子与外输入轴(4)间接传动相连时,所述发电机(2)的转子为空心结构且该转子内部设有行星齿轮机构一(6),且所述外输入轴(4)穿设在行星齿轮机构一(6)内部,所述发电机(2)与外输入轴(4)之间通过上述行星齿轮机构一(6)传动连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,其特征在于,所述内输入轴(5)上连接有与内输入轴(5)同轴布置的行星齿轮机构二(7),所述行星齿轮机构二(7)通过离合器(8)与外输入轴(4)传动相连,所述行星齿轮机构二(7)上连有输出齿轮(74),该输出齿轮(74)与混合动力***的差速器(9)传动连接。
4.根据权利要求2所述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,其特征在于,所述行星齿轮机构二(7)设置在电动机(3)转子的内部。
5.根据权利要求2所述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,其特征在于,所述离合器(8)设置在发电机(2)转子的内部。
6.根据权利要求3或4或5所述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,其特征在于,所述行星齿轮机构一(6)包括行星架一(61)、太阳轮一(62)和齿圈一(63),所述外输入轴(4)与行星架一(61)相连且穿设在太阳轮一(62)内,所述齿圈一(63)位于发电机(2)的转子内部且与发电机(2)转子相连,所述混合动力***还包括壳体(a),所述太阳轮一(62)固定在壳体(a)上,所述离合器(8)的外转鼓(81)与行星架一(61)相连。
7.根据权利要求3或4或5所述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,其特征在于,所述行星齿轮机构二(7)包括行星架二(71)、太阳轮二(72)和齿圈二(73);所述离合器(8)的内转鼓(82)与行星架二(71)相连;所述输出齿轮(74)也与行星架二(71)相连;所述太阳轮二(72)的轮轴(721)一端穿设在内输入轴(5)内且与内输入轴(5)固连,另一端穿设在外输入轴(4)内;所述混合动力***还包括壳体(a),所述齿圈二(73)固定在壳体(a)上。
8.根据权利要求3或4或5所述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,其特征在于,所述行星齿轮机构二(7)包括行星架二(71)、太阳轮二(72)和齿圈二(73);所述混合动力***还包括壳体(a),所述行星架二(71)与壳体(a)固定;所述太阳轮二(72)的轮轴(721)一端穿设在内输入轴(5)内且与内输入轴(5)固连,另一端穿设在外输入轴(4)内;所述离合器(8)的内转鼓(82)与齿圈二(73)相连;所述输出齿轮(74)也与齿圈二(73)相连。
9.根据权利要求3或4或5所述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,其特征在于,所述输出齿轮(74)通过链条(10)与混合动力***的差速器(9)传动连接。
10.根据权利要求3或4或5所述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,其特征在于,所述混合动力***还包括壳体(a)和用于控制离合器(8)离合动作的螺旋式致动器,所述螺旋式致动器包括定螺套(11)、动螺套(12)和驱动电机(13),所述定螺套(11)固定在壳体(a)上,所述定螺套(11)与动螺套(12)通过螺纹配合,所述驱动电机(13)的电机轴通过传动机构与动螺套(12)相连能使动螺套(12)转动的同时相对于定螺套(11)轴向运动,所述动螺套(12)轴向运动使离合器(8)结合或脱开。
11.根据权利要求10所述的紧凑型双电机多模式混合动力***,其特征在于,所述壳体(a)上具有从壳体(a)内壁向内突出的支撑凸台(a1),所述定螺套(11)呈筒状并套设在上述支撑凸台(a1)上,所述定螺套(11)的内壁和支撑凸台(a1)的外壁紧密接触。
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