CN110166265A - A kind of method and its module of network control - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the methods and its module of a kind of control of network.By every technology, complicated network control association element is subjected to systematization combing, is analyzed from different dimensions, sets the network control architectural framework model that an application layer business can refer to；Perception is preferably combined with application scenarios, user, cloud service etc., the problems such as optimization complete perception, initial intelligent processing and reliable delivery, the fusion of physical world and digital world is better achieved, enables the intelligence materialization of the mankind and extension.

Description

A kind of method and its module of network control

Technical field

The present invention relates to the methods and its module of a kind of control of network.

Background technique

The network control of early stage is largely to start controlled terminal computer by the network software on basis between PC Application program completes inter-related task or access outer net and Intranet using the external equipment or communication equipment of controlled terminal computer, and The case where using the volume of remote control device TV, channel change or switch television set, is similar, the long-range skill between this computer Art starts from the DOS epoch, and due to technically not big breakthrough at that time, network is undeveloped, market also without higher requirement, so Do not cause more to pay attention to.

With the needs of management and the technical support of computer, the technology of progress network operation and control causes the pass of people Note.By network, issuing side of the computer being located locally as control command, i.e. main control end or client, quilt non-indigenous Controlling computer is controlled terminal or server end, can be in the same room of same local area network, is also possible to be connected into Two or multiple stage computers of any position of Internet, concrete function are mainly realized by network software；Network software one As divide client-side program (Client) and server (Server) two parts, client-side program is to controlled terminal electricity when use Server in brain issues signal, establishes a special network service, is then serviced by this and sends manipulation life It enables, the various application programs in operation, control controlled terminal computer.

Traditional network software generally realized using agreements such as NETBEUI, NETBIOS, IPX/SPX, TCP/UDP, one As support these following network modes: LAN, WAN, dial mode and interconnected network mode, some also supports by serial ports, simultaneously Mouth, infrared port etc. control remote machine；With the development of network technology, many network software offers pass through Web page Connection is established with the computer in network with technologies such as Java, realizes networking and manipulation under different operating system.

Network software based on Transmission Control Protocol is application mainstream, such as the remote desktop that windows system carries, is assisted using TCP The advantage of the network software of view is to stablize, connect into power height, and defect is that both sides must have a side to have public network IP (or same In a Intranet), it otherwise just needs to do port mapping on the router；TCP software cannot penetrate the defect of Intranet, so that such is soft Part utilization rate is had a greatly reduced quality, and some remote control softwares are supported to be actively connected to control terminal from controlled terminal, can be to a certain extent Make up the defect.It is different from TCP agreement, do not establish connection with other side before UDP transmission data, send before and after data also not into Row data validation, theoretically speed can be faster than TCP；It can use the principle that burrows (the UDP Hole of UDP using udp protocol Punching technology) Intranet is penetrated, to solve the problems, such as that Transmission Control Protocol network software needs to do port mapping, even if both sides All in different local area networks, it also may be implemented remotely to connect and control；It is not necessarily to do port using the network software for penetrating Intranet Connection can be realized in mapping, and this kind of software needs the assistance program of server to be communicated.

With the huge advance of network technology, network speed is greatly improved up to gigabit grade, " fixation of access point and limited " with more The contradiction come between more " working application " and " mobile application " is increasingly prominent, and the interconnection of numerous local area networks is but also wiring is met To numerous difficulties, cable network access is difficult to meet the needs of in a variety of situations；Wireless medium transmissions are under this demand form Come into being, the wireless transmission in computer network can break through the limitation of wired network, using spatial electromagnetic wave realize website it Between communication without cable, provide possibility for the mobile communication needs of users；WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN) use 802.11 series standard of IEEE, wireless medium transmissions, provide " multiple spot connects Enter ", " point-to-point relaying " (i.e. so-called mesh technology) can be provided for mobile or semimobile user it is efficient, high-quality, low at This broadband inserting service is that the extension and supplement of broadband cabled access net are provided with its flexibility and mobility for user The solution of another high-speed networking, has been more and more widely used.

Wireless communication is that the characteristic that can be propagated in free space using electromagnetic wave signal carries out one kind of information exchange Communication mode, in recent years in the information communications field, with fastest developing speed, most widely used is exactly wireless communication technique, on the move real Existing wireless communication is commonly referred to as mobile communication again, and the two is collectively referred to as wireless mobile communications by people；Wireless communication mainly includes micro- Wave communication and satellite communication, satellite communication are using telecommunication satellite as between relay station on the ground two or more earth stations Or a kind of wireless communication of microwave communication connection is established between moving body；Satellite positioning tech is pair using satellite and receiver The position of receiver is determined to communication, is realized in global range and is provided accurate position coordinates and relevant category in real time for user Property feature, can achieve meter level using differential technique precision；Artificial satellite around earth operating continuously emits to earth surface Continuous wave radio signal by coded modulation is loaded with satellite-signal in coding and accurately emits signal and different time Accurate location (ephemeris) of the satellite in space；Satellite navigation receiver on carrier is in the aerogram for receiving satellite sending After number, if they have the clock with satellite clock accurate synchronization, the arrival time of signal just can be measured, so as to calculate signal Propagation time in space；Spread speed with this propagation time multiplied by signal in space again just can find out receiver and defend The distance between star, and then calculate the information such as position coordinates；Satellite positioning tech on our times has the GPS in the U.S., Russia The GLONASS of Ross, European GALILEO(, that is, Galileo) and China COMPASS(, that is, dipper system)；Instantly it generallys use Satellite positioning module, typically belong to support BDS/GPS/GLONASS satellite navigation system single system positioning and any group The receiver module for the multisystem combined positioning closed.

A kind of radio wave generallyd use is wirelessly communicated, microwave can be referred to as, the distance that it is transmitted is generally only several Ten kms, but frequency band is very wide, and message capacity is very big, to build a microwave relay station every tens kms；Each wireless service Associated with some wireless frequency spectrum region, wireless communication spectrum includes the frequency between 9khz to 300000Ghz；Wireless communication It number is also derived from the electric current along conductor propagation, electronic signal reaches antenna from transmitter, and then antenna is using signal as a system Column electromagnetic radiation is into air, and signal is by air borne, until it reaches target position；It is another in target position A antenna receives signal, it is converted back electric current by receiver；To guarantee not necessarily be retained in one by airborne signal In a country, global country reaches an agreement with regard to wireless telecommunication standard, and ITU has determined international wireless as management organization The standard of service, the signal transmission used including frequency distribution, wireless device and agreement, wireless transmission and receiving device are defended Star orbital road etc.；Each wireless service requires the antenna specially designed to send and receive signal, and the specification of service determines Power output, frequency and the radiation diagram of antenna, and information is exchanged, the transceiver being connected on each antenna must adjust For identical frequency；Antenna is divided into two kinds of omnidirectional and orientation, and " directional aerial " sends aerogram along an individual direction Number, some examples using directional aerial wireless service include satellite downlink route and uplink, Wireless LAN and space, Ocean and air-fired missile；" omnidirectional antenna " all sends and receives wireless communication with identical intensity and clarity in all directions Number, TV station and broadcasting station use omnidirectional antenna, and most of launching towers for sending mobile telephone signal also belong to such；To ensure Machine can be received clearly to explain, the distance and intensity of signal transmission are the key that consider, correct aerial position is for ensuring The optimum performance of wireless system is also extremely important, and the stronger weaker signal transmission of signal is farther, so antenna is generally arranged In higher position, it is ensured that less obstacle and better signal receive.

Due to the influence of reflection, diffraction and scattering in signal propagation, wireless signal can be reached along many different paths Its destination forms multipath signal.Ideally, wireless signal is directly from transmitter to the straight line of expected receiver Middle propagation, this propagate are referred to as " sight " (Line Of Sight, LOS), it uses seldom energy, and can receive To gem-pure signal；Because air is without guidance medium, and the path between transmitter and receiver is not to be apparent, institute It will not usually be propagated along straight line with wireless signal, when a barrier has blocked the route of signal, signal may It is absorbed around the object, by the object, it is also possible to transmitting, diffraction or scattering phenomenon, the geometry and environment of object occur Situation (such as mist, rain, snow) can result in certain reflection, scattering and diffraction；Due to the influence of reflection, diffraction and scattering, wirelessly Signal can reach its destination along many different paths, and the generation of multi-path signal is not dependent on signal is how to issue , they may be since source in many directions with identical radiation intensity, it is also possible to mainly at one since source It is radiated on direction, once having issued signal, due to the influence of reflection, diffraction and scattering, they just will be along many propagateds.

The range size of transmission technology wireless frequency spectrum according to used in signal is different, and important difference is wirelessly to make With narrowband or Wideband signal transmission, " narrowband " transmitter is concentrated in an individual frequency or very small frequency range Signal energy, " broadband " are a kind of use relatively wide band signal transmission forms of wireless frequency spectrum；It is passed using multiple frequencies Defeated signal is referred to as spread spectrum technique, and in transmission process, signal never can be rested on persistently in a frequency range；? The power ratio narrowband signal transmission that distribution signal needs its each frequency on wider frequency band is smaller, and signal is not allowed more Easily interfere the narrow band signal transmitted on the same frequency band；It, can be according to the transmitter for only obtaining authorization in view of safety Carry out distribution signal with the sequence of receiver agreement, unauthorized receiver is made to be more difficult to capture and decode；Wireless communication has solid Fixed or mobile two classifications, in " fixation " wireless system, the position of transmitter and receiver be it is constant, transmission antenna by it Energy is directly directed at receiver antenna, has more energy for the signal, it is necessary to cross over very long distance or complicated landform The case where, fixed wireless connection is more economical；And mobile phone, paging, Wireless LAN and other many services are all using " movement " wireless system, receiver can be located at from anywhere in transmitter particular range inside, this allows for receiver from one A position is moved to another position, while also continuing receiving signal.

The data transfer rate of wireless communication technique is higher, and operating distance is shorter, can with network technology extend operating distance and still Keep data transfer rate, technical fusion, development with it is mature, promoted the development of mobile communication technology and universal, be mobile interchange The outburst in net market, user is laid a good foundation；A few years time, mobile Internet just develop to scale at the top of one's power and career, band Wearable smart phone, intelligence, mobile payment, the fast development from fields such as media, mobile electric business are moved；Internet+wave Tide and space it is still huge, Intelligent hardware and all things on earth interconnection trend have begun, people, object (equipment) dependent on Internet, Wireless network and connect, wireless communication technique will become the key that the industry situations such as network control, Internet of Things develop；However connection protocol But category is numerous, such as major class WiFi, BLE, Zigbee, Z-wave, NB-IOT, LoRa there are also minority, various wireless communications Subdivision, application and specification and its applicable frequency range, modulation system, maximum operating range, data transfer rate and application field of technology etc., hundred Flower full cries, each has something to recommend him.

Above-mentioned WLAN (WLAN) is a kind of by the previous wired wire laying mode composition of wireless technology substitution The new tool of local area network, it is possible to provide the institute of conventional wired LAN is functional, is that computer network is mutually tied with wireless communication technique The product of conjunction is a subset of common file dialog, is supported higher transmission rates (2Mb/s~54Mb/s, even higher), benefit With RF radio or infrared ray, by Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) or the technologies such as frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), GMSK, OFDM, The even ultra wideband transmissions technology UWBT in future, realize fixed, the half mobile and mobile network terminal to Internet network into The longer-distance high speed connected reference of row；In June, 1997, IEEE are proposed 802.11 standards, have started the WLAN beginning, WLAN neck Primarily now there are IEEE802.11x series and the serial two kinds of standards of HiperLAN/x in domain.WLAN is often referred to as Wi-Fi again Network, this title are promoted and product certification tissue --- Wi-Fi Alliance from the maximum wireless local area network technology in the whole world (Wi-Fi Alliance)。

Wi-Fi is commonly called as WiMAX, and full name Wireless Fidelity, Wi-Fi terminal is related to mobile phone, PC (notebook electricity Brain), flat panel TV, digital camera, projector, the television set of family, video disc player, digital sound, Digital Frame, camera etc., It can communicate to connect, realize whole with foundation such as media server, the computers on backstage by this transmission medium of Wi-Fi network The digitlization and wireless penetration of a family, make people's lives become it is more convenient with it is abundant；Most commonly as from gateway to The link of the router of internet is connected, it also be used to require the main Radio Link of high speed and middle distance；Most of Wi-Fi Version work exempts from licensed band in 2.4GHz, and transmission range is up to 100 meters, is specifically dependent upon application environment, popular 802.11n Speed up to 300Mb/s, and update, work in the 802.11ac of 5GHz ISM band, speed may even exceed 1.3Gb/ s；Another new Wi-Fi standard for Internet of Things application is 802.11af, it is intended to use range from 54MHz to 698MHz Interior television white space or not used television channel, these channels are well suited for transmitting with non line of sight over long distances, modulation technique It is the OFDM using BPSK, QPSK or QAM, the maximum data rate of each 6MHz channel is about 24Mb/s, but lower VHF TV band be expected to realize longer distance；The application field of Wi-Fi will also constantly extend from now on, in existing family To numerous frontier development such as automation and control network on the basis of net, enterprise network and public network.

The new edition Wi-Fi that the suitable Internet of Things of HaLow is applied a kind of referred to as will be released, and the code name of this version is 802.11ah, in the U.S. using the licensed band of exempting from of 902MHz to 928MHz, other countries use 1GHz similar frequency range below； Although the maximum coverage area that can only achieve 100 meters, HaLow are being used properly most of Wi-Fi equipments under ideal conditions 1km can be far reached in the case where antenna；The modulation technique of 802.11ah is OFDM, it is carried in 1MHz channel using 24 sons Wave uses 52 subcarriers in the channel of bigger bandwidth, can be BPSK, QPSK or QAM, therefore can provide wide scope Data rate；In most cases the rate of 100kb/s to number Mb/s are used enough, and real target is low-power consumption；Wi-Fi Alliance reveals, and the test and certification scheme of 802.11ah will be completed before 2018.

WAPI is the abbreviation of WLAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure, as China head A autonomous innovation security technology standard in computer network communication field, can effectively prevent WLAN and does not meet safe item The equipment of part enters network, is also avoided that the terminal device access of user does not meet the network of safety condition, realizes " legal use Family accesses legitimate network ".The advantages such as " can run, can manage " that the wireless network of WAPI safety itself is contained, by The operator for the great professional ability that state is mobile, China Telecom is representative actively excavates and promotes, applies, and operation market is to WAPI Application further promote other industry market and consumer pays close attention to and supports WAPI.It is a plurality of from the whole world to have 50 in the market The smart phone of primary handset manufacturer supports WAPI, and Chinese three big telecom operators have also all started or completed first The bid and competitive bidding of WAPI hot spot work, and the commercialized gate WAPI has already turned on.

To machine (M2M), many use cases are similar to Internet of Things, vendors for 2G/3G honeycomb, commonly referred to as machine The cell phone module of offer is for being embedded into other products, and most of main cellular carriers commercial cities are in standard licensed spectrum Upper offer M2M connection service, such as GSM/GPRS/EDGE 2G technology are still popular, and there are also operators to be planned to gradually Eliminate 2G business；Most of networks still support the 3G technologies such as WCDMA and CDMA2000, data rate to be up to per second several Megabit, range can be up to several kilometers to the distance of cellular station；LTE is the abbreviation of long term evolution, is the 4th generation honeycomb skill Art, LTE Cat 0 and Cat 1 are the function simple versions of LTE, are special in order to match the low-power consumption low rate requirement of M2M Design, M2M application is also referred to as machine type communication (MTC), using the existing cellular network in licensed spectrum, rather than short distance From wireless and internet.

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is the relatively new variant that LTE is used for Internet of Things, and uses standard Whole 10MHz or 20MHz bandwidth of LTE are different, and protenchyma networking includes the 180kHz wide of 12 15kHz LTE subcarriers Resource block, data rate is within the scope of 100kb/s to 1Mb/s；This more simplified standard can mention for networked devices For very low power consumption, it is also used as a kind of software superposition and is deployed in any LTE network；The resource block energy of narrowband Internet of Things Enough to be adapted to well into standard LTE channel or protection band, when operator repartitions their 2G frequency spectrums earlier, it can also be fitted With the GSM channel into standard, modulation uses OFDMA downlink and SC-FDMA uplink, comes from developments in 2017 It sees, the prospect of narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) seems very bright and clear.

4G(fourth generation mobile phone communication standard), also refer to fourth generation mobile communication technology, including TD-LTE and FDD-LTE Two kinds of standards are the widest standards of mobile communication application instantly.4G is to integrate 3G and WLAN, can quickly transmit number According to, high quality, audio, video and image etc., can be downloaded with the speed of 100Mbps or more, than current home broadband AD SL Fast 25 times of (4,000,000), and can satisfy requirement of nearly all user for wireless service；It can also be in DSL and cable television tune The place deployment that modulator-demodulator is not covered with, then expands to whole distract again.

The 5th generation mobile phone mobile communication standard of 5G(), also referred to as the 5th third-generation mobile communication technology is the extension after 4G, Just under study for action.The theoretical downstream rate of 5G network is that 10Gb/s(is equivalent to speed of download 1.25GB/s), since Internet of Things is outstanding It is the fast development of the industries such as internet automobile, has higher requirement to network speed, this, which undoubtedly becomes, pushes 5G net An important factor for network develops, the test of China's 5G technical research will be carried out in 2016-2018, be divided into the test of 5G key technology, 5G Technical solution verifying and 5G system verifying three phases are implemented.In March, 2016, Ministry of Industry and Information vice-minister Chen Zhaoxiong are indicated: 5G is new The Main way of generation mobile communication technology development, is the important component of future new era information infrastructure, with 4G phase Than not only by the further web experience for promoting user, while will also meet the application demand of the following all things on earth interconnection；From user's body It examines, 5G has higher rate, broader bandwidth, it is contemplated that 5G network speed will improve 10 times or so than 4G, it is only necessary to several seconds A high-definition movie is downloaded, can satisfy consumer to the higher web experience demand such as virtual reality, ultra high-definition video；From row Industry application sees that 5G has higher reliability, and lower time delay can satisfy the industrial applications such as intelligence manufacture, automatic Pilot Particular demands widen the development space of fusion industry, support economic society innovation and development；In terms of developing state, 5G also locates at present In the conceptual phase of technical standard, a few years from now on 4G will also keep leading position, realize and grow continuously and fast, and 5G is expected to 2020 Year is formal commercial；On November 15th, 2017, Ministry of Industry and Information's publication " about the 5th Generation Mobile Communication System using 3300-3600MHz and The notice of 4800-5000MHz frequency range dependencies ", determine 5G intermediate frequency spectrum, the system that can take into account covers basic with large capacity Demand；The following 5G network just develops towards network multi-element, broadband, synthesization, intelligentized direction；With various Intelligent terminal it is universal, towards 2020 and after, explosive growth will be presented in mobile data flow.

It 802.15.4 is the basis of many standards using short distance, low middle data rate and low-power consumption use-case as target, it Groundwork frequency spectrum is that 2.4GHz industry, science and medical (ISM) exempt from licensed band, sometimes also uses 902MHz to 928MHz With 868MHz frequency range；802.15.4 provide the agreement based on data packet for PHY and MAC network layer, some other standard be all with Increase more layers based on this, to provide the network function and performance of enhancing.

6LoWPAN addressed nodes, the 6LoWPAN of Internet engineering task force (IETF) are based on low-consumption wireless The abbreviation of the Internet protocol the 6th edition (IPv6) of people's regional network, the initial target of this standard is 802.15.4, later also by Bluetooth Smart and low-power consumption HaLow Wi-Fi are used；Specifically 6LoWPAN is defined using encapsulation and head IPv6 data packet is adapted to the mode into other protocol frames by compress technique.

ZigBee technology is mainly used for wireless personal area network (WPAN), is developed based on IEE802.15.4 wireless standard The technology motion between RFID and Bluetooth technology, Zigbee protocol than bluetooth, high-speed personal area network or 802.11x without Line local area network more simply uses, it is believed that is the brother of the same clan of bluetooth；Although ZigBee is generally operational in 2.4GHz ISM frequency Section, but it can also be used in 902MHz to 928MHz and 868MHz frequency range, and data rate is in 2.4GHz frequency range 250kb/s can be used in point-to-point, star and grid configuration, support up to 216 nodes；As other technologies, safety Property is guaranteed by AES-128 encryption；Main advantage is that have the software application configuration file developed in advance for specifically answering It is used with (including Internet of Things), but final products must be permitted.

Bluetooth (Bluetooth) technology, is a kind of short-range radio technology, can effectively simplify palm PC, pen The communication between the mobile communication terminal devices such as this computer and mobile phone handsets is tried, also can successfully simplify the above and set The standby communication between internet, so that transmitting the data between these modern communications equipments and internet becomes more rapidly It efficiently, and then is wireless communication widening road；Bluetooth supports point using distributed network structure and fast frequency hopping and short packet technology To point and point-to-multipoint delivery, work in 2.4GHz ISM (i.e. industry, science, medicine) frequency range of global general-use, data speed Rate is 1Mbps, realizes full duplex transmission using time division duplex transmission scheme；Most popular short distance wireless technical is work In the bluetooth (BT) of 2.4GHz ISM band, different versions provides a variety of different data rates, power level and range；Its Basic working principle is frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology using different modulation.The bluetooth of latest edition is Bluetooth Smart or edition 4 .1, also referred to as low-power consumption bluetooth (BLE), this configuration is using the data packet shortened, most Big rate is 1Mb/s, is modulated using GFSK, and largest benefit is excellent low power consumption characteristic, and sending power is 10mW, its distance Up to 100 meters；For different purposes there are many software configuration file, and the certification of its interoperability can effectively accomplish it is completely simultaneous Hold.

RFID is the abbreviation of Radio Frequency Identification, i.e. radio frequency identification, is commonly called as electronic tag, is It realizes that contactless information is passed through by Space Coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field) using radiofrequency signal for one to be transmitted Information reach the technology of identifying purpose, the working frequency of RFID product has low frequency (125kHz~134kHz), high frequency at present (13.56MHz) and hyperfrequency (860MHz~960MHz), the RFID product of different frequency range have different characteristics；Radio frequency identification skill Art is widely used in the various fields such as industrial automation, business automation, communications and transportation control management, anti-fake, such as WalMart, Tesco, U.S. Department of Defense and metro supermarket all in their supply chain apply RFID technique, future hyperfrequency Product can get a lot of applications.

Near-field communication (Near Field Communication, NFC) is a kind of radio technology of short distance high frequency, 13.56MHz frequency is run in a distance of 20 centimeters, and NFC technique is by non-contact radio-frequency identification (RFID) and the skill that interconnects Art integration is evolved, and is developed jointly by Philips Semiconductors (Pu Xian Enzhi semiconductor company), Nokia and Sony, Basis is RFID and interconnection technique, combines induction type card reader, icah wavw and point-to-point function, energy on a single chip It is identified and exchanged data in short distance with compatible equipment；As RFID, NFC information is also by frequency wireless in frequency spectrum The electromagnetic induction coupled modes of rate part are transmitted, but between the two or in the presence of very big difference；NFC and existing non-contact intelligence Energy card technique is compatible, has become to obtain the official standard that more and more leading firms support at present；NFC or a kind of short distance Connection protocol, it is light, safe, rapid and automatically communicate to provide various equipment rooms, with other connection types in wireless world It compares, is a kind of secret communication mode of short distance.

IrDA is a kind of technology that point-to-point communication is carried out using infrared ray, may is that first realization Wireless Personal Area The technology of net (PAN).Its software and hardware technology is all very mature at present, main if being widely used on PDA, mobile phone in small type mobile devices Wanting advantage is the right to use without demand frequency, thus infrared communication is low in cost, small in size, function needed for having mobile communication Consume feature low, easy to connect, easy to use；File and more matchmakers and since data transmission rate is higher, suitable for transmission of large capacity Volume data；In addition, infrared ray launch angle is smaller, transmission security is high；It is disadvantageous in that it is a kind of line-of-sight transmission, 2 Must be aligned between the equipment being in communication with each other, centre cannot be obstructed by other objects, thus the technology be only used for 2 it is (non-more Platform) connection (and bluetooth is just without this limitation, and not by the barrier of wall) between equipment；IrDA current research direction be as What solves the problems, such as line-of-sight transmission and improve data transfer rate.

WiMAX full name is World Interoperability for Microwave Access, i.e. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave accesses Inter-operation system can substitute existing wired and DSL connection type, to provide the wireless broadband Internet access of last mile, Technical standard is IEEE 802.16, and target is to promote the application of IEEE 802.16；Compared to other wireless communication systems, The main advantage of WiMAX is embodied in the availability of frequency spectrum and transmission rate with higher, thus its main application is broadband Online and mobile data services.

Super wideband wireless access technology UWB (Ultra Wideband), is a kind of no-load communication techniques, utilizes nanosecond Non-sinusoidal waveform burst pulse to picosecond grade transmits data, by transmitting the signal of extremely low power, UWB energy on wider frequency spectrum The message transmission rate of hundreds of Mb/s to several Gb/s is realized in the range of 10 meters or so；UWB has strong anti-interference performance, transmission The many advantages such as rate is high, very bandwidth is wide, consumption electric energy is small, transmission power is small, are mainly used in indoor communications, high-speed radio The fields such as LAN, home network, wireless phone, safety detection, position finding, radar；The characteristics of due to its high speed, narrow covering, very It is suitble to set up the high speed information network of family, there is certain impact to Bluetooth technology, good supplement can be become to other； UWB technology also will occupy one seat in wireless communication field with its unique rate and special range.

EnOcean wireless communication standard is adopted as international standard " ISO/IEC 14543-3-10 ", this is also in the world Unique wireless international standard for using energy acquisition technology.EnOcean energy acquisition module can acquire ambient enviroment generation Energy obtains faint electric power from light, heat, electric wave, vibration, human action etc., these energy are after processing, for supplying The wireless communication module of EnOcean super low-power consumption realizes real no data line, Wireless, the communication system without battery； EnOcean wireless standard ISO/IEC14543-3-10 uses 868MHz, 902MHz, 928MHz and 315MHz frequency range, transmission range It is 300 meters in outdoor, interior is 30 meters.

Z-Wave is the wireless networking specification dominated by Danish company Zensys, Z-Wave be it is a kind of it is emerging based on Radio frequency, low cost, low-power consumption, highly reliable, suitable for network short-distance wireless communication technology, effectively push low rate without Line personal area network is a kind of privately owned wireless technology of single source, and working band is the ISM band of 908.42MHz, typically Power level is 1mW (0dBm), and the effective coverage range of 868.42MHz signal is 30m indoors, and outdoor can be more than 100m, is taken Certainly in specific application environment, it is suitable for narrow bandwidth applications occasion；It is using efficient GFSK, it can be achieved that 9600b/s or 40kb/s Data rate；It is even up to 100kb/s in some applications, can be used for point-to-point link or number of nodes most 232 In star like arrangement；In terms of safety, it uses AES-128 encryption measures；This technology, which must secure permission, to be produced in commercialization It is used in product.

LoRa (long range) is a kind of technology developed by Semtech company, and typical operating frequency is 915MHz in the U.S., It is 868MHz in Europe, is 433MHz in Asia.The physical layer (PHY) of LoRa has used a kind of band of unique forms preceding to entangling The frequency hopping spread spectrum technology of wrong (FEC), this band spectrum modulation allows multiple wireless devices to use identical frequency range, as long as every sets It is standby to use different frequency modulation and data rate；Its typical coverage area is 2km to 5km, and longest distance is reachable 15km is specifically dependent upon location and antenna performance.

SIGFOX is both a kind of wireless technology and a kind of network service, is worked in the ISM frequency of 868MHz and 902MHz Section consumes very narrow bandwidth or power consumption.SIGFOX wireless device uses a kind of skill for being referred to as ultra-narrow band (UNB) modulation Art only transmits short message once in a while with low data rate, and message longest is 12 bytes, and what a node can transmit daily disappears Ceasing quantity is preferably at most 140；Due to being narrow bandwidth and short message, other than the link budget of its 162dB, it can also be reached To several kilometers of longer transmission distance.

Weightless is a series of open wireless technology standards applied with Internet of Things as target, and there are three types of different versions This, respectively correspond the different subdivision fields in the market LPWAN: simplest version is applied for low cost Weightless-N, the target of this version are either simplex or unidirectional purposes, and such as sensor monitoring, it works exempts from less than 1Gb Permit ISM band, modulate using the difference BPSK for using frequency hopping, can farthest reduce interference have complete 128 AES encryptions of label power function are a key characteristics of this technology, due to being low data rate and narrowband fat pipe, Transmission range is up to 5km；If necessary to the two-way communication of higher performance, Weightless-P may is that best selection, it is same When used frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and time division multiple acess (TDMA) technology, the channel for accessing multiple 12.5kHz wide can be managed, this QPSK is modulated using GMSK and staggeredly for kind of technology, and data rate ranges can be from the 200b/s of low speed up to 100kb/s, typically Maximum transmission distance is about 2km, supports AES-128/256 encryption and label power in secure context；Third version is Weightless-W, it is intended to work in the white spaces of TV, white spaces are the former quilts within the scope of 470MHz to 790MHz TV station those of uses 6MHz wide channels, it can achieve the data rate of 1kb/s to 10Mb/s, it is pre- to be specifically dependent upon link It calculates, farthest transmission range is up to 5km or more under the conditions of non line of sight.

WirelessHART is highway addressable remote sensor (HART) industrial network technology being used widely Wireless version is mainly used for process monitoring, sensor network, building automatic and traffic and transport field, which is based on prevalence IEEE 802.15.4 standard, code name is 802.15.4e；WirelessHART increases a time on basic standard Synchronous grid protocols, other than network topology, it can also use star like arrangement, and WirelessHART jumps letter using TDMA and time slot Road (TSCH) technology at most may have access to a node.

In reality, Exhibition Garden all function lightings in Jinan all use ZigBee street lamp control system, ZigBee without The application of route lamp lighting energy saving environmental protection technology becomes the spotlight in Exhibition Garden；Pudong International Airport in Shanghai anti-intrusion system Middle application product sensor has been laid with a sensing node more than 30,000, covers ground, fence and low-altitude detection, can prevent personnel Cross, steal into another country, the aggressive invasion such as the attack of terrorism；Wind power plant reaches 5 mph. when the wind speed of monitoring is shown, networking Windmill can start automatic generation；In farm, when crop planting soil is excessively dry, the irrigation equipment of networking can start to water 15 minutes, Grain Growth Situation was gratifying, and meeting unsoundness software pushes relevant information to you；If unfortunate will go to hospital to see a disease, doctor Patient reminds in institute, it is not necessary to which waiting of registering, the building diagnosing machinery people Yi XX XX consulting room are in place；Android, apple, notebook, electricity Brain etc. manages fluorescent lamp, curtain, television set, DVD, video camera, projector etc., general in command centre, large conference room etc. All over application etc..Internet of Things scene is seen everywhere, all things on earth interconnection be the technologies such as computer, network, communication and sensor development must So.

Field of urban traffic realizes the one of intelligent traffic management, Intelligent Dynamic information service and Vehicular intelligentization control Body car networking (IOV) planning, is based on in-vehicle network, inter-vehicle network and vehicle-mounted mobile internet, according to certain communication protocols Negotiation Data Exchange Standard communicates wirelessly the big system network with information exchange between vehicle and vehicle, road, pedestrian and network Network: the intelligence sensor of automobile is responsible for acquisition and obtains the intelligent information of vehicle, perceives driving states and environment, be with vehicle Interior communication, inter-vehicle communication, vehicle Network Communication ubiquitous communication terminal, while still allow automobile have IOV addressing and network trusted mark The equipment of the abilities such as knowledge；Software, protocol realization vehicle and vehicle (V2V), Che Yulu (V2R), vehicle and net (V2I), vehicle and people (V2H) it Between interconnect, realize the communication and roaming between car self-organization network and a variety of heterogeneous networks, ensured in function and performance real Shi Xing, serviceability and network are ubiquitous, while it is that (public network is society service, and private network is specific for public network and private network Objects services) entity；The ecological chain of vehicle operating information platform contains ITS, logistics, passenger and freight, endanger special vehicle, Automobile Service Automobile fitting, automobile leasing, enterprises and institutions' vehicle management, automaker, the shop 4S, Che Guan, insurance, emergency relief, mobile Internet etc., It is the convergence of multi-source massive information, application system is the data convergence around vehicle, calculating, scheduling, monitoring, management and applies Compound system, be Internet of Things, network control technology field of transportation system exploration and innovation.

The development and application of network industry situation embrace a wide spectrum of ideas, and are related to all trades and professions such as traffic, industry, agricultural, leisure and medical treatment, Application demand is also different with scene, the data information numerous and complicated being related to, so that the acquisition of information, transmission and processing mode As technological difficulties.Important means of the sensor as acquisition of information, using physical effect, chemical effect, biological effect etc., Tested physical quantity, chemical quantity, biomass etc. are converted into the electricity to suit the requirements, experience (or response) and detection measurand The information of a certain determination, and be allowed to be converted into corresponding exportable signal according to certain rule, it can be component, device Or module；If tested raw information is accurately and reliably captured and converted without sensor, all are accurately tested It all will be unable to realize with control, even go-go electronic computer, without accurate information (or the reliable number of conversion According to) and distortionless input, it also will be unable to give full play to its due effect；Sensor technology is to realize detection and automation Important link collectively forms three big pillars of information technology with the communication technology and computer (network) technology.

The wired or wireless detection of sensor component signal, has conversion process, logic judgment, function calculating, two-way The modularization of news, self diagnosis etc., intellectualized technology have industry standard interface and protocol function and intelligent multivariable sensing Device, intelligent power sensor, various intelligence sensors, transmitter and Networked Sensors etc. are evolution, the hair of sensor technology Open up direction；Such as short distance sensing network is to be believed by the sensor node in viewing area by the intelligence that self-organizing mode is constituted Breath acquisition network；Sensor terminal (device) has perception, meter by data acquisition, data processing, data transmission and electric power generating composition Calculation and communication capacity；It can be understood as being a kind of intelligentized sensor technology similar to NFC, RFID label tag etc., be fusion The complex art of less radio-frequency, communication and embedded system etc., in peer-to-peer communication, automatic identification, article logistics management, object Networking etc. has obtained wide application.

Embedded system technology combines computer software and hardware, sensor technology, integrated circuit technique, electrical application technology It is a kind of dedicated computer system etc. the complex technology being integrated；Although most embedded systems are users for spy Determine task and customize, but they generally comprise several modules a: computer or microcontroller, word length may be 4,8 Position, 16,32 either 64；To save the ROM (non-volatile ROM) of firmware；To deposit program data RAM (volatile random access storage device)；Connect microcontroller and switch, button, sensor, analog-to-digital conversion device, controller, The port I/O of LED (light emitting diode) or display etc.；The universal model of embedded system is not sufficient to define embedded system Itself, such as certain embedded systems are usually not smaller how much than standard PC machine case, as information is inquired and point of sales terminal, certain Industrial control system and game console (such as Xbox based on x86 and Windows) etc.；Rapid development in recent years, insertion Formula industry has been directed to very extensive field, each other the characteristics of also quite obvious, the intelligence characterized by embedded system End product is seen everywhere, and almost includes all electrical equipments in life: small to arrive space flight and aviation greatly to the MP3 of people at one's side Satellite system, all equipment with digital interface in fact belong to embedded system, it is changing the life of people It is living, push the development of industrial production and national defense industry；Process industry, process control, network, communication, instrument, instrument, ship Oceangoing ship, automobile, Aeronautics and Astronautics, military equipment, consumer product etc. are increasingly dependent on embedded system technology；Using mobile phone as representative Mobile device be to develop Embedded Industry the swiftest and the most violent in recent years, even for cell phone software develop, also once spread out New term as " general embedded development " is born, has not only obtained popularizing on a large scale, function is also developed rapidly；Consumption The sales volume of electronic product has already been more than PC several times, also increases with annual 10% or so speed, has formed one at present The market of set pattern mould and relative maturity.

The technologies such as embedded technology and sensor, electronics, communication mutually promote blending and development, so that characterized by embedded system Electronic equipment it is constantly universal, complicate and concentration quickly increase, signal frequency is higher and higher, mutual electromagnetic interference Problem is increasingly severe, and the Compulsory Feature of efficiency specification is also increasingly stringenter etc.；Good compatibility, stability and energy conservation Property become measure electronic equipment (module) quality quality key index, energy consumption, electrostatic protection, stability, safety, electromagnetism are simultaneous Capacitive, anti-interference ability etc. become the designer significant challenge and pursuit that are faced, scientifically by each modular unit, power supply, Ground connection, input and output and Electro Magnetic Compatibility, protection, safety etc. integrate the design applied to technical solution, especially close Key.

LDO(low dropout regulator) i.e. low pressure difference linear voltage regulator is the integrated circuit pressure stabilizing of a new generation Device is that LDO consumable is very low with the maximum difference of three terminal regulator, compares LDO and Switching Power Supply, the efficiency of Switching Power Supply are wanted It is higher；PMU(power management unit) Power Management Unit, it is that one kind is highly integrated, is directed to portable use Power management scheme in this way can be real if traditional discrete Ganlei's Power Management Devices are incorporated within single encapsulation Existing higher power supply conversion efficiency, more low-power consumption and less package count, to adapt to the plate grade space reduced.

Electro-static Driven Comb or static discharge ESD(Electro-Static discharge, the equipment of electrostatic protection is many times Also ESD, i.e. electrostatic impedor are collectively referred to as) raising of technical level is the task of top priority of entire electronics industry, ESD system mark Quasi- promotion and popularization arduous task；ESD is destroyed caused by electronic product and damage has abrupt impairment and latent injury Two kinds；Abrupt impairment is that device is seriously damaged, and function is lost, usually can in quality testing in process of production It was found that therefore being mainly the cost of maintenance of doing over again to factory's bring；And latent injury is that device portions are damaged, function is not yet It loses, and cannot be found in the detection of production process, but product can be made to become unstable during use, is good or bad, because And bigger harm is constituted to product quality；Both damage latent failures occupy 90%, and unexpected loss only accounts for 10%, That is 90% electrostatic damage is can not to detect, only having arrived can just be found when using in user hand；As mobile phone occurs Frequent crashs, automatic shutdown, speech quality is poor, noise is big, signal when good time difference, key the problems such as malfunctioning have the overwhelming majority with it is quiet Electric injury is related；So static discharge is considered as the maximum potential killer of Quality of electronic products, electrostatic protection also becomes electronics One important content of control of product quality；The principle of ESD is environmental Kuznets Curves, personnel control, packaging material control, personnel training Deng；Basic skills has ground connection, electrostatic screen, ion neutralization and Electrostatic Protection Design etc..

Earthing mode has the ground connection of single-point grounding, multipoint earthing and mixed type.Single-point grounding is divided into series connection single-point again Ground connection and single-point grounding in parallel are generally used for ground connection differentiation and Low Frequency Electric Circuit between ball bearing made, different function module； Digital signal change speed is fast, and very big noise can be caused on digitally, and analog signal is that a clean ground is needed Reference work, if simulating ground and digitally mixing, noise just influences whether analog signal；Some veneers have externally Input/output interface, such as serial port connector, network interface RJ45 connector, if the bad of grounding design to them also can Phenomena such as influencing normal work, having error code, packet loss such as network interface interconnection, will also become external electromagnetic interference source, will be in plate Noise be sent out；There is various noises on signal ground, if shielded layer has been connected on signal ground, noise voltage can be driven Common mode current is interfered along shielded layer outward (this is why designing the maximum that bad cable generally all can be electromagnetic interference Noise output source).

Electro Magnetic Compatibility (Electromagnetic Compatibility abbreviation EMC), refers to that certain electronic equipment neither interferes Other equipment, while also not influenced as our known safeties by other equipment, it is that product quality is most important One of index, safety is related to the person and property, and Electro Magnetic Compatibility is then related to the person and environmental protection.Electronic device works Frequency is higher and higher, and the occasion of digital circuit and analog circuit mixing is more and more, to enable a device to reliably, steadily work And there is certain difficulty；Pulse current in computer equipment can generate stronger electromagnetic radiation, the equipment for interfering surrounding, special It is not telecommunication equipment, if do not taken effective inhibition radiation measure, computer can seriously affect the normal work of system； More and more electronic control units apply in reality, to allow these devices normally to play efficiency utilization, must just solve Device bears the ability of surrounding electromagnetic interference in the environment, has good electromagnetic compatibility efficiency stability；Electronic equipment generates Electromagnetic Launching be that signal code inside equipment or voltage generate, therefore contain the change of voltage or electric current in these transmittings Change information, just obtain information handled by equipment when extracting the information in these information, occur one it is special The unfiled code word of electromagnetic compatibility problem, i.e. TEMPEST(--- for the electrical equipment and electronic equipment from processing classification data Potential radiativity and the unfiled code word defined) problem.

Electromagnetic interference problem is solved with the method for electromagnetic shielding (electromagnetic shield), is carried out TEMPEST protection can guarantee that the circuit in electronic equipment works normally, ensure the safety of equipment, the electronics containing communication function is set Standby shielding is exactly the isolation to metal is carried out between two spaces region, to control electric field, magnetic field and electromagnetic wave by an area Induction and radiation of the domain to another region.The quality of shielding properties is indicated with shield effectiveness, characterizes shield to electromagnetism The attenuation degree of wave is usually indicated with decibel (dB): the shield effectiveness of the shield of general business equipment is military up to 40dB The shield effectiveness of device mask body is up to 60dB or more, and the shield effectiveness of TEMPEST equipment is up to 80dB or more；Keep electromagnetic screen The stability for covering efficiency is also electronic device design personnel, is especially engaged in the professional of electromagnetic compatibility technology and information security The project especially to pay attention to.

In addition, the intelligent hardware devices as electronic system are a scientific and technological concepts after smart phone, by soft The mode of combination of hardware forms novel device or is transformed upgrading to traditional equipment, with the ability being connected to the network and centainly Internet service load capability, have the blank of network control possibility and Internet of Things service or product；This possibility Can whether property, service or product can constantly develop with experience, with using more and more couples of users to become more apparent upon, keep Network is online and carries out information exchange automatically, receives control, can reason solving practical problems, self-organizing it is adaptively real (ability for learning, adapting to) is to assess whether it really has intelligence, whether really formation meets network control and is actually needed Service or product.

API (Application Programming Interface, application programming interface) is some pre-defined Function, it is therefore an objective to provide application program and developer based on certain software or hardware be able to access one group of routine ability, and It is not necessarily to access source code again, or understands the details of internal work mechanism；Sometimes the document that illustrates of API is also refered in particular to, text is also referred to as helped Shelves；It can be appreciated that application programming interfaces (Application Program Interface), be one group of definition, program and The set of agreement, a major function are to provide general utility functions collection, and programmer is by calling API function to carry out application program Exploitation, can mitigate programmed tasks；It is also simultaneously a kind of middleware, provides data sharing for various different platforms；It can pass through API interface realizes being in communication with each other between computer software.According between different software applications on single or distributed platform Data sharing performance, can be four seed types: remote procedure call (RPC) by API point, it is slow by acting on shared data Process (or task) on storage realizes the communication between program；Standard query language (SQL) is the inquiry of the access data of standard Language passes through the data sharing between database realizing application program；File transmission, file, which is transmitted through, sends formatted file reality Data sharing between existing application program；Information is delivered, and is referred to the small-format information between loose coupling or close coupling application program, is passed through Direct communication between program realizes data sharing；The standard for being currently applied to API includes ANSI stsndard SQL API；Separately Outside, it is applied to other types of standard still among formulation there are also some.

API can be applied to all computer platforms and operating system, connect data in a different format (such as shared number According to buffer, database structure, file frame), every kind of data format requirement is realized correct with different data commands and parameter Data communication, but can also generate different types of mistake simultaneously.Therefore, know needed for executing data sharing task in addition to having Other than knowledge, the API of these types must also solve the problems, such as many network parameters and possible error condition, i.e., each to apply journey Sequence between itself whether having powerful performance support program all it must be appreciated that communicate.On the contrary since this API only handles a kind of letter Format is ceased, so the information under the situation delivers API and only provides lesser order, network parameter and error condition subset. Just because of this, it delivers API mode and greatly reduces system complexity, so when application program is needed through multiple platforms realities When existing data sharing, delivering API type using information is more satisfactory selection.API and graphical user interface (GUI) or Command interface has a distinct difference, and API interface belongs to a kind of operating system or routine interface, both then belongs to directly User interface.

Some companies can formulate the system interface standard of oneself using API as its public open system, when needs are held When the operations such as row system combination, the application of customized and program, all members of company can call source generation by the interface standard Code, the interface standard are referred to as open API；Opening API (OpenAPI) is also a kind of common application in service type website, Website service is packaged into a series of API and opened away for third party developer's use by the service provider of website, i.e., open website API, the API opened are referred to as OpenAPI (opening API)；After website provides opening API, it can attract some third-party Developer develops business application on the platform；Development foundation of the OpenAPI as internet online service, has become more Carry out the inevitable choice of more multiple internet enterprise development service.

Summary of the invention

How by every technology, perception and application scenarios, user, cloud service etc. are preferably combined, optimization is comprehensively Perception, initial intelligent processing and the problems such as reliable delivery, make stable " end, pipe " link of network system, reliable, automation, More and more intelligent, the communication that can be held with " cloud " sufficiently uses the data service at " cloud " end, intelligent Service, and physics generation is better achieved The fusion on boundary and digital world enables the intelligence materialization of the mankind and extends.

Complicated network control association element is first subjected to systematization combing, is analyzed, is set from different dimensions The network that one application layer business can refer to manages architectural framework model.

The network managing and control system model of the specific four-dimensional architectural framework of design one " end, people, pipe, cloud " (can abbreviation network pipe Control four dimension modules, system model or system), based on information carriers such as internet, conventional telecommunications nets, allow to be independently addressable General Physics object implementatio8 interconnect；Aggretion type is integrated on the basis of practical application, the networking of formation object interconnection, intelligence Energyization, automated system have the features such as interconnected object-based device, terminal, control automation, Intelligent Service；It can be object Networking, network control, long-range monitoring, long-range control, system control, automation control or smart machine etc. application layer business or Its drop applications grade business of person provides reference.

The correlating factor of network control application has network, application, user, material object, third party's service, supplier etc., Systematization combing is also the process that challenge is simplified, it can be deduced that covers all correlating factors and the different dimensional simplified Degree, such as physical object dimension, user's dimension, control dimension and service dimension.

Physical object dimension referred to as " is held ", clear " object " and relating attribute, is terminal device and its sensing system, It is responsible for acquisition and obtains the information of application scenarios, perceives the state of inside and outside environment, perception i.e. acquisition data；It can be to have and set Standby interior communication, communication between devices, equipment network communication ubiquitous communication terminal, while and equipment being allowed to have network addressing and network The equipment of the abilities such as trusted identities；Mainly information is obtained whenever and wherever possible using RFID, sensor, two dimensional code etc., it can be with network System interaction；Available information includes position, environment, individual hobby, situation, mood, parameter and business impression, network The complete perceptions such as state.

User's dimension referred to as " people " defines user, user type and its demand etc., can be applied by mobile terminal, identification Equipment, account, fingerprint, face or natural language etc. can representative capacity method use system, be system service object and answer With one of core.

Dimension is managed, referred to as " is managed ", the scheme of perception and control needed for setting, the i.e. interrelational form of " object " solve to set Standby interconnecting with equipment, equipment and environment, equipment and net, equipment and people, realizes equipment ad hoc network and a variety of heterogeneous networks Between communication and roaming, ensure that real-time, serviceability and network are ubiquitous in function and performance, at the same it be public network with The entity of private network；It is by the various network integrations, integrated services, terminal fusion, operation management fusion, the information of object is real-time Accurately reliable delivery is gone out；The dimension is the key that guarantee that whole system model operates normally, and related content can It can be appeared among each sections such as client application, the application of " object " end and system background application because application needs.

Dimension is serviced, is information platform and the operation backstage of system of equipment operation, multi-source massive information referred to as " cloud " This is converged at, the cloud computings function such as virtualization, safety certification, real-time, interactive, mass memory is needed, application system is also to surround The data convergence of equipment is calculated, scheduling, monitoring, is managed, the compound system of intelligent processing and application；Including data service, it is System O&M, resource distribution and intelligent Service etc.；Data service is to take original or semi-finished product data mart modeling at corresponding user Business is analyzed mass data and information, is handled and integrated application；Intelligent Service is to utilize cloud computing, fuzzy diagnosis, artificial The intelligent processing of the various intelligent Computation Technologies such as intelligence, has some understandings to environment, object, does a large amount of analysis to data, And it is based on this decision, it forms network managing and control system brain, carry out the intelligence such as real-time intelligent control, wisdom clothes to object (equipment) Business；System O&M is safe and reliable, the stable and accurate operation in two level safeguards systems of technology and system；Resource is matched Setting is to realize that single network is managed the shared of the resources such as information and market between application system and external system and exchanged, and is established Network manages closed loop business model.

Networking connection is established according still further to service logic between dimension, to form single network control ecosystem；It is single The resource distribution that a network control ecosystem passes through service again formed it is inter-trade it is cross-cutting between collaboration system.

A kind of network control module is designed, is to connect as the carrier of " end, pipe " dimension in whole network control architectural framework Connect the hardware device core of sensor network and bearer network, it is understood that be the nucleus module or things-internet gateway of equipment, fit With sensor terminal (wireless, wired mode) and realize the protocol conversion between sensor network and bearer network, to sensor end The processing of end data and initial intelligent and communication with " cloud " model platform, the communication adaptation with sensor terminal.

The module is a kind of electronic equipment of microprocessor control, is a kind of embedded system being integrated in chipset (can abbreviation hardware system), depend on specific operating system, network communication may be implemented, repeat-back, receive control, have with The corresponding application program of concrete function；Object in physical world can be connected to system (such as one distribution by its interface Formula control system or SCADA (supervisory control and data aquisition system)), by transmit data, in the form of message, order etc. and object into Row connection, communication or control.

So-called embedded system is a control program insertion stored in ROM as device or a part of equipment Formula processor control panel, core be by one or several programs finished in advance be used to execute the CPU of task, microprocessor, Microcontroller, single-chip microcontroller or SoC, by the way that several crucial system elements are integrated on monolithic, obtain it is small and cheap, The computer of peripheral electronic device can be operated.

The module generally passes through network connection to system, and use the part being wirelessly connected be it is particularly important in system and Link the weakest, needs many design factors of detailed examination: such as the data rate of equipment, to the range or distance of gateway, Environment, if need to encrypt or authenticate, power consumption, capacity, service quality and reliability, network topology, either simplex or duplex, it is suitable and Available frequency spectrum, available IC, module and equipment, cost, development platform, linking Internet, the permissive condition etc. of available standards； The one or more kinds of combinations of selection in light of the circumstances, it is the most appropriate, can matching unit and its surrounding enviroment, be suitable for the application of Wireless communication technique or standard, such as WLAN, IEEE802.11x series, Wi-Fi, WAPI, 2G/3G honeycomb, 4G, narrowband NB- IoT, 5G, 802.15.4,6LoWPAN, ZigBee, Bluetooth, RFID, NFC, IrDA, WiMAX, UWB, EnOcean, Z- Wave, LoRa, SIGFOX, Weightless, WirelessHART etc..

The networking mode of the module can use typical Internet of Things scene mode, i.e. module is wirelessly linked to Gateway, gateway is connected to the interface of internet using public broadband cable or DSL modem by router, then passes through Internet Service Provider is connected to internet (cloud service)；It can also be using the application scenarios mode of machine to machine (M2M), i.e., Module connection can pass through a cellular carrier, then arrive another operator again, or directly arrive internet (cloud service)；Or Person other be able to satisfy the mode of needs.

The hardware system structure of module includes: hardware mould group, to run on computer in hardware mould group (CPU, single-chip microcontroller, micro- Processor or SoC) internal embedded software and application software；The hardware mould group of module mainly has communication main control unit, power supply System, I/O unit and interface (interface is containing expansion interface and Peripheral Interface), earthed system and shield etc..

Communicate main control unit, be digital information is converted to high-frequency wireless signals send out and by the high frequency received without Line signal reverts to digital information, realizes a typical wireless sensor network node and router, can use multi-chip Scheme is made of a radio transmitting and receiving chip and a microcontroller (single-chip microcontroller), or by wireless transceiver chip and micro-control Device and wireless transceiver processed have been made into a system on chip (SoC).

Embedded software and application software belong to computer program, and the development process of program mainly passes through certain programming language Speech (such as compilation, C, C++, Java, C#) carries out in embedded software hardware development environment, some also include operating system, gently What the embedded OS of magnitude was usually voluntarily write, but most of embedded systems are realized entirely by single program Control logic.

Run on the embedded software of single-chip microcontroller or microprocessor internal, also referred to as Software Protocol Stack (network Stack) or network stack, it is necessary to which the frequent variation for handling the wireless link communication quality between node and environment factor are to wireless It interferes, has to self-organization of network, self-healing ability caused by communication；There is very strong routing algorithm ability, it is ensured that letter Breath reliably and effectively by various network topologies (starlike/netted etc.) from source node (if existing, can be by hundreds and thousands of Routing node) it is sent to destination node, it is ensured that the requirement of real-time of communication.

Application software can use programming language (such as C language) including various according to using the software code for needing to develop Developed, between the function of Software Protocol Stack can be called in a manner of interface and API etc., including to data pretreatment, The control of periphery is transmitted with driving and with the communication of system and data.

I/O unit (abbreviation I/O unit) and interface (such as expansion interface, Peripheral Interface), I/O unit is module With the interface section of external circuitry, mainly I/O circuit is linked together with peripheral equipment, it is right under different electrical characteristics to complete The driving of input/output signal is required with matching, and such as connects specific sensor or driving, control executive component；I/O extension connects Mouth makes the basic unit of I/O expanding element and module realize connection, when the input of basic I/O unit or output points not enough use When, switching value I/O points can be expanded with I/O expanding element or increase the I/O terminal of analog quantity；Peripheral interface circuit is used for Connect programmable device, display, or the control network for comprising modules；The quantity of I/O and interface, level, electrical characteristic, band are negative Loading capability, type, peripheral circuit etc., the specific chip used by module determine.

The stable operation of module, be unable to do without stable, reliable power-supply system, and the power-supply system of this programme is related to external power supply Mode and power management.The design key of power-supply system is analysis, has assessed input voltage, output voltage and electric current, is calculated total Power consumption, power supply realize efficiency, power unit to the transient response ability of load variation, Primary Component to the appearance of power-supply fluctuation Bear range and the power supply ripple allowed accordingly and heat dissipation problem etc.；The type selecting of Power Management Devices will pay close attention to maximum output electricity Stream, input voltage range, output voltage, input and output voltage are poor, the parameters such as quiescent current；Then according to data parameters, application Scene and actual needs select three terminal regulator, LDO, Switching Power Supply or PMU；When using PMU, it is necessary in centralization and distribution It makes a choice in formula power distribution scheme；External power supply mode can integration module power management parameter and application scenarios selection electricity The source of net, external power supply, button cell or solar energy (such as solar recharging+lithium battery) as system power.

ESD optimization is using the methods of ground connection, electrostatic screen, ion neutralization and Electrostatic Protection Design: ground connection is to lead to electrostatic The connection for crossing a line is put into the earth, is most direct, effective anti-static precautions, and the common earthing method of conductor has band antistatic Wrist and working surface ground connection etc.；Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive can be exposed in the region for having electrostatic in storage or transportational process, be used The method of electrostatic screen can weaken influence of the extraneous static to electronic component, and common method is to use static shielding bag as protection； Insulator is often elimination easy to produce static electricity, to insulator electrostatic, is method that is invalid, generalling use with earthing method It is that ion neutralizes, i.e., uses ion blower, ion air gun etc. in the work environment；Electrostatic Protection Design uses Technology design hand Section is prevented or is solved in advance to each section Electrostatic Hidden Troubles.

The ground connection of module needs antistatic, lightning protection and safe design and for communication system, high speed signal, high frequency Circuit, analog signal, signal ground, interface etc. special designings: in communication system realize large number of equipment between signal interconnection, need The reference ground for wanting each equipment to have a benchmark " ground " as signal；The electromagnetic compatibility problems such as the mutual interference between signal have with ground connection It closes；The signal reflux of high speed signal will also be paid attention to connecing " ground "；High-frequency circuit will use multipoint earthing or multi-layer board (completely Plane layer), basic principle is the continuity for guaranteeing cabling, reduces number of vias, close to ground level or power plane etc.；Mould Quasi- signal and digital signal will flow back into ground, and the noise that total thought is to try in barrier digitally channels to simulation on the ground；It is right It is preferably grounded nearby in general device；With being individually partitioned into one piece of independent interface as far as possible, thin cabling is used with signal ground Connection；Design interface and interface power filtering；The clean interface of veneer is connected to using its shielded layer when shielded cable On the ground.

The shield of module is the important means for realizing electromagnetic compatibility and TEMPEST protection.EMC Design be in order to The circuit of electronic equipment internal is set not generate interference mutually, the electromagnetic interference strength for generating equipment is lower than specific limiting value (particularly significant for computer equipment) makes equipment have certain resistivity to extraneous electromagnetic interference；TEMPEST technology is Electronic information equipment is emitted by electromagnetic energy in order to prevent generates information leakage transmitting；Electromagnetic shielding is to two spaces region Between carry out metal isolation, to control the induction and radiation of electric field, magnetic field and electromagnetic wave by a region to another region, The interference source of component, circuit, sub-assembly, cable or whole system is specifically surrounded with shield by this programme, prevents from doing Electromagnetic field is disturbed to external diffusion；It is surrounded with shield by circuit, equipment or system is received, prevents them by external electromagnetic field Influence, it is therefore an objective to cut off the delivering path of electromagnetic wave, guarantee that the circuit in electronic equipment works normally, ensure the peace of equipment Entirely；The quality of shielding properties indicates that characterization shield declines to electromagnetic wave with shield effectiveness (usually being indicated with decibel (dB)) Subtract degree, shield is influenced by various factors, and over time, shield effectiveness can change；It is simultaneous to solve electromagnetism The key point for holding efficiency stability, which has, selects shielding material, overlapping technology and its technique and selection and installation electromagnetic sealing liner.

Data service, the intelligent Service that " cloud " end can be sufficiently used using the service of this method and module or product, with System it is more and more healthy and stronger, experience constantly develops, can reason solving practical problems, self-organizing it is adaptively real, preferably in fact The fusion of existing physical world and digital world enables the intelligence materialization of the mankind and extends, and module is used as " end, people, pipe, cloud " net A part of network system architecture, Electro Magnetic Compatibility, safety, stability, versatility, scalability, energy saving etc. it is excellent Change and improve, laid the foundation for Internet of Things application, as a part of a complete individual or individual, can be used as and set Standby or system core can also be transformed traditional equipment, and equipment is allowed to have network addressing, network trusted mark, connection etc. Ability makes more and more " objects " to be connectable to internet, is able to achieve complete perception, initial intelligent processing, reliable delivery And the communication with cloud, perception is preferably combined with application scenarios, resource, user and network service, realizes network service Load is become the important entrance that enterprise obtains flow, is sufficiently excavated in the big datas such as space, time, object using cloud Value, allow equipment to have the surcharges such as big data, for process industry, process control, network, communication, instrument, instrument, The Intelligent hardwares such as ship, automobile, Aeronautics and Astronautics, military equipment, consumer electronics product or equipment can shorten the development cycle, The compromise for obtaining cost performance, designs the product for allowing consumer to feel cost-effective, is applied to smart home field, will realize entire family The digitlization and wireless penetration in front yard, make people's lives become it is more convenient with it is abundant, realize general Internet of Things, the people that furthers, object and information Distance, play the value of data, change people's lives, push the development of industrial production and national defense industry, and then produce Raw social value, realizes huge commercial value.

Specific embodiment

Complicated network control association element has been subjected to systematization combing, has been analyzed from different dimensions, with Application layer business function is divided into main principle, sets the network control architectural framework model that an application layer business can refer to.

The network managing and control system model of the specific four-dimensional architectural framework of design one " end, people, pipe, cloud " (can abbreviation network pipe Control four dimension modules, system model or system), based on information carriers such as internet, conventional telecommunications nets, allow to be independently addressable General Physics object implementatio8 interconnect；Aggretion type is integrated on the basis of practical application, the networking of formation object interconnection, intelligence Energyization, automated system have the features such as interconnected object-based device, terminal, control automation, Intelligent Service；It can be object Networking, network control, long-range monitoring, long-range control, system control, automation control or smart machine etc. application layer business or Its drop applications grade business of person provides reference.

The correlating factor of network control application has network, application, user, material object, third party's service, supplier etc., Systematization combing is also the process that challenge is simplified, it can be deduced that covers all correlating factors and the different dimensional simplified Degree, such as physical object dimension, user's dimension, control dimension and service dimension.

Physical object dimension referred to as " is held ", clear " object " and relating attribute, is terminal device and its sensing system, It is responsible for acquisition and obtains the information of application scenarios, perceives the state of inside and outside environment, perception i.e. acquisition data；It can be to have and set Standby interior communication, communication between devices, equipment network communication ubiquitous communication terminal, while and equipment being allowed to have network addressing and network The equipment of the abilities such as trusted identities；Mainly information is obtained whenever and wherever possible using RFID, sensor, two dimensional code etc., it can be with network System interaction；Available information includes position, environment, individual hobby, situation, mood, parameter and business impression, network The complete perceptions such as state.

User's dimension, referred to as " people ", define user, user type and its demand, can by mobile terminal using Network system is by one of service object and the core of application.

Dimension is managed, referred to as " is managed ", the scheme of perception and control needed for setting, the i.e. interrelational form of " object " solve to set Standby interconnecting with equipment, equipment and environment, equipment and net, equipment and people, realizes equipment ad hoc network and a variety of heterogeneous networks Between communication and roaming, ensure that real-time, serviceability and network are ubiquitous in function and performance, at the same it be public network with The entity of private network；It is by the various network integrations, integrated services, terminal fusion, operation management fusion, the information of object is real-time Accurately reliable delivery is gone out.

Dimension is serviced, is information platform and the operation backstage of system of equipment operation, multi-source massive information referred to as " cloud " This is converged at, the cloud computings function such as virtualization, safety certification, real-time, interactive, mass memory is needed, application system is also to surround The data convergence of equipment is calculated, scheduling, monitoring, is managed, the compound system of intelligent processing and application；Including data service, it is System O&M, resource distribution and intelligent Service etc.；Data service is to take original or semi-finished product data mart modeling at corresponding user Business is analyzed mass data and information, is handled and integrated application；Intelligent Service is to utilize cloud computing, fuzzy diagnosis, artificial The intelligent processing of the various intelligent Computation Technologies such as intelligence, has some understandings to environment, object, does a large amount of analysis to data, And it is based on this decision, it forms network managing and control system brain, carry out the intelligence such as real-time intelligent control, intelligence s ervice to object；System System O&M is safe and reliable, the stable and accurate operation in two level safeguards systems of technology and system；Resource distribution is real Existing single network is managed the shared of the resources such as information and market between application system and external system and is exchanged, and network pipe is established Control system closed loop business model.

Networking connection is established according still further to service logic between dimension, to form single network control ecosystem；It is single The resource distribution that a network control ecosystem passes through service again formed it is inter-trade it is cross-cutting between collaboration system.

A kind of network control module is designed, the carrier as " end, pipe " dimension in whole network control architectural framework.

Module is an embedded system (can abbreviation hardware system), is a control as device or a part of equipment Processing procedure sequence embeded processor control panel stored in ROM, core are by one or several programs finished in advance to be used to CPU, microprocessor, microcontroller, single-chip microcontroller or the SoC of execution task, by several crucial system elements It is integrated on monolithic, obtains computer small and cheap, that peripheral electronic device can be operated, it is understood that be the core of equipment Module or things-internet gateway；Embody embedded feature is to consider the compromise of cost performance in system design, designs to allow and disappears Expense person feels cost-effective and safe and reliable product.

Hardware system structure includes three parts: hardware mould group, to run on computer in hardware mould group (CPU, single-chip microcontroller, micro- Processor or SoC) internal embedded software and application software, hardware mould group mainly includes communication main control unit, power management Unit, I/O unit and interface (expansion interface and Peripheral Interface), earthed system and shield.

Communicate main control unit, be digital information is converted to high-frequency wireless signals send out and by the high frequency received without Line signal reverts to digital information, the combination including single-chip microcontroller, microcontroller or microprocessor and radio transmitting and receiving chip, wirelessly The system on chip (SoC) that transponder chip or microcontroller and wireless transceiver are made into, i.e. wireless singlechip；It is single-chip microcontroller, micro- The common chip such as controller or microprocessor optional STC12C5A, STM8S207C8, STM32F103.

Wireless technology is related to multinomial design parameter, factor: the data rate of equipment, such as the temperature that video flowing, measurement are per minute Degree or between other parameters；It is more than 1 mile to the range or distance of gateway, such as several inches of distance in room or rural area Range；Environment, as in factory hazardous environment, be exposed in weather outdoor environment, from electronic equipment make an uproar it is acoustic or electrical Magnetic disturbance etc.；It needs to encrypt or authenticate, such as to the requirement in terms of Information Security；Power consumption such as battery life, efficiency, may be gone back It needs to connect alternating current；Capacity, such as the quantity of networked devices；Service quality and reliability；Network topology, as star, it is netted or Other topologys；Either simplex or duplex, such as unidirectional or two-way communication；Suitable and available frequency spectrum, such as license still exempt to permit；It can use IC, module and equipment；Cost, such as design, manufacture or Internet access service expense；Development platform, such as whether needing to operate Which other software is system need etc.；Linking Internet, such as honeycomb, digital subscriber line (DSL), cable, satellite；Mark can be used Quasi- permissive condition etc.；It is therefore desirable to according to various criteria or the characteristics of method is specifically selected.

802.15.4 it is the basis of many standards using short distance, low middle data rate and low-power consumption use-case as target, uses 802.15.4 international standard and ZigBee technology design wireless sensor system, can be compatible with the reliable world of a globalization Standard obtains stable radio transmitting and receiving chip and single-chip microcontroller source by jumbo chip supplier, it is also possible to obtain free association Stack and related source code are discussed, exploitation threshold is low；ZigBee technology is mainly used for wireless personal area network (WPAN), is to be based on IEE802.15.4 wireless standard develop between RFID and Bluetooth technology, be mainly used in short distance and data Technology between the not high various electronic equipments of transmission rate；Zigbee protocol than bluetooth, high-speed personal area network or 802.11x without Line local area network more simply uses；In addition ZigBee PRO is ZigBee superset, increases some functions, can be extended to network And the air interference from other technologies is preferably coped with, it is adapted to larger network, has relatively reliable routing logical Interrogate algorithm and wireless telecommunications reliability.

The preferred plan of wireless sensor transceiving chip is IEEE 802.15.4 specification, is relatively main and practical mark Standard, current whole world You Duo company provide this kind of chip, such as the CC2420/CC2520 of TI company is particularly applicable to button electricity Pond and the low applicable low power consumption characteristic of electricity；If necessary to closely follow technology developing steps, also there are more and more companies will be wireless Transponder chip and microcontroller have been made into a system on chip (SoC), as TI company uses the CC2430/ of 8051 kernels The ZigBee wireless singlechip such as CC2431；Wireless sensor network node or router can use multi-chip scheme, by one Radio transmitting and receiving chip and microcontroller (single-chip microcontroller) composition, microcontroller can use the MSP430 of low-power consumption, no core Piece can be using CC2520/CC2420 etc.；If wireless sensor network requires to improve to computing capability, ARM can also be used 32 single-chip microcontrollers of kernel, 32 ZigBee such as the ARM kernel of STM32F103 or Freescale company release are wirelessly single Piece machine；Wireless sensor network is designed using these SoC wireless singlechips, will make wireless sensor node that there is smaller body Product, lower power consumption and lower price；Some fully reinforced major companies also provide exploitation while providing these chips The relevant technologies of tool are supported and some exploitation reference cases or demo, as the technology partners of TI company at home is wirelessly imperial While scientific & technical corporation provides these chips, also there are the relevant technologies of developing instrument to support；When exploitation, KEIL and IAR can be used Such high performance software compiles debugging enironment, can greatly speed up breakaway speed, shortens market periods.

Zigbee protocol is than bluetooth, high-speed personal area network or 802.11x WLAN is simpler uses, it is believed that is One of the brother of the same clan of bluetooth and the ideal chose of Internet of Things；It is mainly used in short distance and message transmission rate is not high Various electronic equipments between；As other technologies, safety is guaranteed by AES-128 encryption；Main advantage is There is the software application configuration file developed in advance to use for concrete application (including Internet of Things), but final products must obtain License.

Most of main cellular carriers commercial cities provide M2M connection service, GSM/GPRS/EDGE in standard licensed spectrum Equal 2G technology is still popular, and most of networks still support the 3G technologies such as WCDMA and CDMA2000, data rate to be up to Several megabits per second, range can be up to several kilometers to the distance of cellular station；To most of basic monitoring and control application For, LTE Cat 0 and Cat 1 can be respectively for maximum data rate the M2M application of 1Mb/s and 10Mb/s provide it is suitable Solution, Cat 0 and Cat 1 use existing LTE bandwidth and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) modulation technique, this length away from From the range that solution can support several kilometers；The cell phone module that vendors provide, such as Thyrite GSM/GPRS Wireless communication module GL868-DUAL is integrated with the Shanghai Simcom SIM868 of bluetooth and high-precision GPS, is all that long range M2M connects Connect the optional of service, it is clear that be easily used as a kind of wireless solution.

User voluntarily purchases outside Wi-Fi equipment, and operator is also carrying forward vigorously home network covering, and Wi-Fi is in the family Using more and more common, realize the network coverage in home-ranges well, act as the leading network in family.Family Close to people's lives, other equipment for having Wi-Fi function can be by this transmission medium of Wi-Fi network, with backstage The foundation communication connection such as media server, computer, realize the digitlization and wireless penetration of entire family；The application of Wi-Fi from now on Field will also constantly extend, numerous new to automation and control network etc. on the basis of existing home network, enterprise network and public network Field development is very suitable for requiring high speed and middle distance as from gateway to the Radio Link of connection internet router； The chip of WiFi agreement is optional such as the MT7688/7620 of QCA4004, MTK of high pass, happy prosperous ESP8266 or Realtek RTL8710 etc.；Consider from transmission rate, if control class partially in terms of smart home (household electrical appliances) control, may be selected in module application Chip, such as ESP8266；If being used in the products such as router, class of traffic chip is selected, such as the 7620 of MTK；From functional interface From the aspect of, supported if necessary to more interface quantities and function etc., such as GPIO function mouth, SPI flash extends mouth, I2C RTL8710 chip can be selected in interface, its GPIO is up to more than 20, interface also have under no working condition can automatically by Lower power consumption can substantially reduce product automatically from sleep mode wakeup when into working condition to the function of minimum state Power consumption.

Resource block of the narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) using the 180kHz wide comprising 12 15kHz LTE subcarriers, data For rate within the scope of 100kb/s to 1Mb/s, this more simplified standard can provide very low power consumption for networked devices, It is also used as a kind of superposition of software and is deployed in any LTE network, and its resource block can be adapted to well into standard LTE channel or protection band；When operator repartitions their 2G frequency spectrums earlier, NB-IoT can also be adapted to the GSM into standard Channel, modulation use OFDMA downlink and SC-FDMA uplink；The MWC Bugle held a few days ago on, MediaTek Inc. a surname First NB-IoT systemonchip MT2625 under cloth release, and China Mobile makes industry size minimum (16mm X hand in hand NB-IoT Universal Die group 18mm), the program support the 450MHz- of 3GPP NB-IoT (R13 NB1, R14 NB2) The running of 2.1GHz full frequency band is suitble to the static state such as smart home, logistic track, smart meter reading or mobile model Internet of Things in global range Using this chip, which has, supports the characteristics such as R14 and low-power consumption, and also great price competitiveness, chip are offered at 5 dollars or less.

Bluetooth (Bluetooth) is a kind of short-range radio technology, can effectively simplify palm PC, written examination this electricity Communication between the mobile communication terminal devices such as brain and mobile phone handsets, also can successfully simplify the above equipment and because Communication between spy's net, so that transmitting the data between these modern communications equipments and internet becomes more efficient rapidly； Intelligent wearable, VR equipment, Baffle Box of Bluetooth, bluetooth headset etc. are all based on Bluetooth chip greatly, and main includes receiving and emitting signal Radio frequency unit, handle data CPU element and audio decoder DSP unit；4.0 core of bluetooth of Shenzhen Lenze's science and technology research and development Piece is such as applied to the ST17H38 chip of game double handle, flying squirrel, is applied to anti-loss device, intelligent lamp/team control lamp, Ibeacon, touching Game VR handle/game paddle, smart lock and other smart home internet of things product ST17H26 chip is touched, hand is applied to The ST17H25 chip of ring, bluetooth scale, beacon, the application of transparent transmission class etc., technology all comparative maturities；What Dialog was provided SmartBond series blue-tooth intelligence product covers general scheme and applied customization scheme, supports sizes selection, pin It is compatible, flexibility is provided for development, while remaining the possibility of cost optimization, the global size minimum of 2014 releases, Smart bluetooth SoC DA14580 least in power-consuming, this year SmartBond series widely develop, including DA14581, DA14582, DA14583, there is the comprehensive support such as development system, SDK, Reference Design, technology, and new product DA14680 is also achieved in bluetooth The huge advance of SoC functionally becomes global first item single-chip wearable device solution, also successful smart home leather The trend of life；Fully integrated, pre-authentication the Bluetooth Smart module solution BGM111 that Silicon Labs is released, The connection of IoT low-consumption wireless is carried out for developer and provides most convenient and fast realization means, can be simplified Bluetooth Smart and be set Meter is not necessarily to RF or Antenna Design professional knowledge, and substantially shortens types of applications time to market (TTM), including smart phone accessory, Beacon, household equipment, health and body-building tracker, personal Medical Devices etc. can be connected, simplifies RF design, Bluetooth The complexity of Smart agreement and embedded programming, the developer for needing to optimize BoM and reduction research and development cost can be first from using Module starts quick commercialized product, the software experience before then passing through again, completely simultaneous with minimal system redesign The software of appearance, seamless transitions to the design based on Silicon Labs Blue Gecko SoC；Sai Pulasi is released highly integrated Spend radio frequency solution on 4 BLE programmable system on chip of single-chip low-power consumption bluetooth solution PSoC and PRoC BLE programmable chip Certainly scheme may be selected at present, and the CSP for also aiming at the application of safety credit card smart bluetooth connectivity and optimizing is encapsulated, PRoC BLE is the smart bluetooth microcontroller of a CapSense capacitance touch inducing function with leading industry, and PSoC 4 BLE then passes through increase artificial intelligence and programmable digital module improves design flexibility, is both integrated with smart bluetooth and penetrates Frequently, one has the high-performance 32-bit ARM Cortex-M0 kernel of super low-power consumption mode, the flash memory of highest 256KB, 36 GPIO and customized serial communication module, timer and counter, and Antenna Design can be simplified, while reducing circuit board Size simultaneously reduces system cost, and furthermore Sai Pulasi also provides small size smart bluetooth EZ-BLE PRoC module, it is by PRoC BLE, two crystal oscillators, antenna, metallic shield and passive type element are integrated into the 10mm x 10mm x 1.8mm of very little on a plate In size, the certification of bluetooth 4.1 and global frequency control certification are included, thus when significantly simplifying design and shortening launch Between.Bluetooth technology, which does not need license, freely to be used, global general-use specification, and the application range in society now is quite wide It is general.

Bluetooth, RFID, NFC and it is infrared be all non-contact transmission mode, they have respectively different technical characteristic, can be with For a variety of different purposes, technology itself does not have superiority and inferiority difference；Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID) is one and is believed using radio frequency Number realize that contactless information is passed through transmitted information and reaches identification by Space Coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field) The technology of purpose, the transmission range of RFID can achieve several meters, even tens meters, be more used in production, logistics, with On track, asset management；The MFRC522HN1 of the optional NXP of chip, a highly integrated Writing IC, for the non-of 13.56 MHz Contact communication.

NFC(Near Field Communications), short-range communication is a kind of light offer, safety, rapidly communication Wireless connection technology, transmission range ratio RFID is small, but since NFC takes unique signal attenuation technique, relative to RFID has the characteristics that distance is close, bandwidth is high, low energy consumption；NFC chip built in NFC mobile phone, than what is originally only used as label RFID further increases the function of data double-way transmission, this progress is so that it is more suitable for electronic money payment, especially RFID institute is irrealizable, and being mutually authenticated can realize with dynamic encryption and disposable key (OTP) on NFC；NFC is in door Huge effect is played in the fields such as taboo, public transport, mobile-phone payment, NFC device may be used as contact type intelligent card, smart card Reader terminal and equipment to the data transmission link of equipment, application mainly has: for pay the bill and booking, for electronics Ticket, for smart media and for exchanging, transmitting data, a variety of applications, including mobile payment and transaction, peer-to-peer communication And message reference etc. in movement；By NFC mobile phone, people can pass through any equipment and they in any place, any time The entertainment service intentionally got links together with transaction, to complete to pay the bill, obtains poster information etc.；It sends out within 2012 at grace intelligence Pu The NTAG21x series of cloth, is company's second generation NFC label IC product, further widens OEM vendor, inlay client and terminal and uses The NFC label at family disposes range, and completely new NTAG21x series not only increases radio-frequency performance, there are also from 48 to 888 byte it is not equal Memory size is selective；The second generation NFC controller chip that STMicw Electronics (STMicroelectronics, abbreviation ST) releases ST21NFCA supports all NFC use cases, can coordinate the multiple NFC security applications for being stored in different location, cooperates rich The arrival of smart phone secure contactless application and service new era is accelerated in rich safe unit product mix；Botong's conduct The chip manufacturer of upstream, is proposed NFC chip BCM20793 in the early time, and there are also independent NFC controller and collection NFC/ bluetooth/Wi- The four-in-one combined chip BCM43341 of Fi/FM receiver technics；High pass releases near field communications chip QCA1990, is In order to be combined with WCN3680, realization bigger function while meeting mobile payment, contactless communication and data exchange, WCN3680 chip supports 802.11ac wireless network connection, bluetooth 4.0 and the FM radio communication of two-band, which also mentions " platform " integrated by Snapdragon S4 processor has been supplied, NFC is supported to be applied to smart phone and tablet computer.

IrDA is a kind of technology that point-to-point communication is carried out using infrared ray, is relatively early realization wireless personal area network (PAN) technology.Its software and hardware technology is all very mature at present, in small type mobile devices, as being widely used on PDA, mobile phone, chip Optional BA5104 or ATMega32U4 has the right to use without demand frequency, low in cost, small in size, low in energy consumption, connection side Just, easy to use, data transmission rate is higher, the file suitable for transmission of large capacity and multi-medium data, launch angle are smaller, transmission The advantages such as safety height；It is disadvantageous in that it is a kind of line-of-sight transmission, must be aligned between 2 equipment being in communication with each other, in Between cannot be obstructed by other objects, thus the technology is only used for the connection between 2 (Fei Duotai) equipment (and bluetooth does not just have This limitation, and not by the barrier of wall), how to solve line-of-sight transmission and improve data transfer rate makes its urgent problem to be solved.

For there are the application scenarios of positioning and communication requirement, positioned if necessary to realization and real with server When interactive information, instruction realization that server is sent is received while such as sending server for location information to the long-range of device Manipulation can use integrated module, such as Shanghai Simcom SIM868, working frequency range GSM850/900/1800/1900MHz, energy Realize call voice, SMS(short message, multimedia message), GPRS data transfer function is outer (supports transparent transmission mode, domain name mapping and IP mould Formula), also there is DTMF to decode (can identify other side's key), TTS(voice broadcast, it is similar 10086), bluetooth, high-precision GPS it is fixed Position etc. functions, as GPS positioning reaches horizontal position < 2.5m(CEP50, open ground) precision；Application field has that vehicle-mounted, boat-carrying is fixed Position with navigation, high-precision time service, wearable device, mobile phone, tablet computer, remotely monitoring, remote intelligent meter recording, public transport, Shared bicycle, mobile unit and telecommunication device etc..

The key of power system design be analysis, assessed input voltage, output voltage and electric current, calculate total power consumption, Efficiency that power supply is realized, power unit are to the transient response ability of load variation, Primary Component to the tolerance of power-supply fluctuation And the power supply ripple allowed accordingly and heat dissipation problem etc.；Power supply power consumption and efficiency be it is closely related, in load power consumption phase High efficiency always reduces total power consumption in the case where same, the efficiency water of power circuit when also wanting comprehensive assessment full load and gently loading It is flat；Load transient response ability has strict requirements for some high performance CPU applications, if power circuit response speed is not It is enough, it causes transient voltage decline excessive, will lead to CPU operation error；Power supply actual value generally requires to be ± the 5% of nominal value, can To calculate the power supply ripple of permission, and reserved margin accordingly；It radiates important for high-current supply and LDO, leads to Crossing calculating can assess whether properly；Then according to data parameters, application scenarios and actual needs, the power supply being suitable for the application of is selected Device is managed, such as three terminal regulator, LDO, Switching Power Supply or PMU；When module selects SIM868, can be designed in SIM868 official On the basis of optimized, using efficient switch power supply, the power supply of 5 ~ 18V DC Width funtion, meet efficient stable, flexibly, adapt to it is different (GPRS module characteristics of power supply is that voltage is low, peak point current is big to the system of supply voltage, and voltage is higher, and electric current is smaller, power supply pressure Also just smaller)；High level power supply is controlled by power control pin, and low level power-off, module dissipation is close to 0 when power-off；Work as mould Block can be restarted when crashing by program controling module, be not necessarily to machine power-off restarting；The work that bimodulus is continuously tracked and positions Under condition, < 25mA low-power consumption can reach；It can also realize and power on Auto Power On, can start automatically as long as under electric power thus supplied, If occurring exception in module During Process of Long-term Operation, can be shut down by software, closedown module；If failed using software shutdown Solve abnormal problem, so that it may by the enabled pin of power supply, thoroughly cuts off the power, module is allowed thoroughly to reset, this power supply control Function processed is extremely critical function.

When using PMU, it is necessary to centralization with make a choice in distributed generation resource allocation plan.The former is by single PMU Primary processor against system adjusts function with voltage for realizing all power supply switchings, and the latter is then that each subsystem is gathered around There is a PMU of oneself, two key factors of consideration are to apply and the interval scale of response speed and required power management (granularity)；Increase function with a kind of modular arrangement in many applications and (increases module in a basic engineering To realize some specific function), if using centralization PMU framework, not used PMU function still will continue to retain and cause wave Take；The device of fixed framework, centralized PMU are still one of most cost-benefit selection, which such case must be known in advance A periphery might connect to PMU, it is ensured that under various possible combined situations, all supply voltages and timing can be correct It is errorless；Distributed PMU is closely coupled in the subsystem of its control, rather than the processor of main system, saves energy consumption and side Formula specified scheme is flexible, it is only necessary to laid a power rail (the usually connecting line of battery) around system, it is all periphery all It is as oneself unique electric power connection line without considering other power supply connections, the PMU being embedded in each peripheral circuit It is responsible for local all power management；The more multi-functional fusion of Mobile portable equipment and other technical factors, effectively push and divide Cloth PMU structure occupies leading position.

External power supply mode can integration module power management parameter and application scenarios selection power grid, external power supply, button electricity The source of pond or solar energy (such as solar recharging+lithium battery) as system power；The optimal mode of outdoor application is to pass through Solar panels convert solar energy into electric energy and are stored in repeatable charge and discharge of the battery (such as 18650), then pass through module electricity Source control voltage conversion circuit is converted into voltage required for system, being capable of button support reset and software reset.

I/O unit (abbreviation I/O unit) and interface are the interface section of module and external circuitry, I/O unit master If complete under different electrical characteristics to the driving of input/output signal with match require, such as connect specific sensor or drive Dynamic, control executive component；I/O expansion interface is convenient for the input of basic I/O unit or output points not enough in use, being expanded with I/O Unit is opened up to expand switching value I/O points or increase the I/O terminal of analog quantity；The Peripheral Interface such as interfaces such as USB, network interface or serial ports It is connect with computer, the functions such as programming, monitoring, networking may be implemented；For example when selecting RTL8710 chip, have more connect Mouth quantity and function are supported, such as GPIO function mouth, SPI flash extends mouth, I2C interface, and wherein GPIO is a up to more than 20, also It, can be automatically from sleep when into working condition with can be automatically by the function of lower power consumption to minimum state under no working condition Mode wakeup can substantially reduce the power consumption of product；When selecting SIM868 for another example, high level is controlled by power control pin and is supplied Electricity, low level power-off；It can be restarted by program controling module when module crashes, be not necessarily to machine power-off restarting；Pin is silent Think high level, not having to can be hanging；Band Transistor-Transistor Logic level conversion circuit, compatible all kinds of level, easily accesses various single-chip microcontrollers or other In serial equipment；Audio interface can directly connect handset earphone, facilitate test；TTS DTMF function text can directly be passed through Other side's key is identified when language casting and call, is realized and 10086 Voice Peripheral functions；3.0 agreement of bluetooth, support serial ports SPP and The functions such as audio service；SIM card uses the MICRO deck of mainstream, earphone integrated seat；Built-in antenna detection circuit, built-in antenna Short-circuit protection function；32 channel of number of active lanes is cold-started acquisition sensitivity -148dBm, tracking sensitivity -162dBm etc..

Electrostatic threatens ubiquitous, and communication interface must be taken into consideration electrostatic esd discharge, ESD method have ground connection, electrostatic screen, Ion neutralization and Electrostatic Protection Design etc..For the characteristic of each interface, suitable ESD device design protection circuit is selected, it can be with It spends less cost to complete function, reliability, the various aspects demand of EMC test, is solved the problems, such as from application end, EMC is not only provided Scheme, while also new approaches, new case are provided for the design of PCB.

SIM card electrostatic protection, when module integrates 2 SIM cards, it is necessary to a kind of to protect the integrated of 6 road signals simultaneously ESD device, ESDA6V1W6 is SOT-363 5V while the low capacitance ESD device for protecting 5 road signals, due to signaling interface collection In, so easily facilitating arrangement than discrete device use；GSM antenna electrostatic protection protects the high-frequency signal of antenna, can be with Fabric swatch space is saved using 0402 or 0201 ultra-low capacitance ESD device PESD0542U015, and the capacitor of 0.05PF can be protected Demonstrate,prove the complete transmission of high frequency, high speed signal；For the electrostatic protection of SPEAKER loudspeaker, can using 0402 or 0201 it is super Low capacitor ESD device PESD0542U015 saves fabric swatch space, and because the capacitor of 0.05PF can guarantee this analog signal Complete transmission；Microphone electrostatic protection and loudspeaker using similar, using PESD0542U015；SD card electrostatic protection, Lay special stress on protecting data data line and CLK, it is to be ensured that the ESD device of selection is the product of low capacitance and small package, such as LC0504F SOT-563；USB electrostatic protection, USB are often used in configuration data, and plug is easy to be damaged by static electricity, can using discrete device or Person's integrated device, but to ensure that the device junction capacity of selection is less than 3PF, such as LC05CI SOD-323 5V single channel Cj=1pf, SR05 SOT-143 5V multichannel Cj=1pf；GPIO electrostatic protection, the electrostatic protection for common I/O port, because of its rate It is lower, the protection requirements of 8KV can be met using common TVS device.

The interconnection that signal between large number of equipment is realized in system, is related to communicating, and not only to have the ground connection of lightning protection and safety System, it is also necessary to which each equipment has reference ground of the benchmark " ground " as signal；The electromagnetic compatibilities such as the mutual interference between signal are asked It inscribes related with ground connection；High-frequency circuit will set complete ground plane layer using multipoint earthing or multi-layer board, use complete Horizon After the multiple sliding cover in face, the ground connection of general signal is just very easy to, and basic principle at this time is the continuity for guaranteeing cabling, subtracts Few number of vias, close ground level or power plane etc.；Analog signal and digital signal will flow back into ground, in general It simulates ground and digitally to separate and handle, then linked together by thin cabling or single-point, total thought is to try to hinder Noise on digitally channels to simulation on the ground, if digitally very clean near analog portion, can connect together；It is right It is preferably grounded nearby in general device；With being individually partitioned into one piece of independent interface as far as possible, thin cabling is used with signal ground Connection, thin cabling can inhibit noise on signal ground to come up with passing to interface, the electricity of can connect 0 ohm or small resistance value Resistance；Analysis, design interface and interface power filtering；The clean of veneer is connected to using its shielded layer when shielded cable to connect Mouth is on the ground rather than on signal ground.

This programme is specifically surrounded the interference source of component, circuit, sub-assembly, cable or entire hardware system with shield Get up, prevents interference electromagnetic field to external diffusion；With shield will receive circuit, equipment or system are surrounded, prevent they by To the influence of external electromagnetic field；Solve electromagnetic compatibility efficiency stability key point have select shielding material, overlapping technology and its Technique and selection and installation electromagnetic sealing liner.

Shielding material is correctly selected according to technical property requirements, the manufacture selection material of shield and surface treatment are to restrict An important factor for shield effectiveness stability is the key that guarantee shield effectiveness stability；The shield effectiveness of shield is by two parts It constitutes: absorbing consumption and reflection consumption；In order to improve the shield effectiveness of shielding material, it is necessary to try every possible means to improve absorption loss and anti- Penetrate loss；The high material of magnetic permeability can be used and improve absorption loss, but the high usual electric conductivity of material of magnetic permeability be not very well, Result in the reduction of reflection loss；It, can be highly conductive in one layer of the surface of high permeability materials increase in order to increase reflection loss Rate material；The magnetic field extremely low for frequency, even if being still reached to using the material of thicker high permeability less than required shielding It is required that the very high material of magnetic permeability can be used, an access is provided for magnetic field, makes magnetic field around Sensitive Apparatus；High magnetic conduction material Material is easy to happen saturation, and magnetic permeability is reduced as frequency increases, very sensitive to mechanical shock, when material is subject to processing impact Afterwards, magnetic permeability will be greatly reduced, and when processing will be paid special attention to；Some materials can restore material by heat treatment appropriate The magnetic permeability of material.

Shield interface overlapping technology and its technology controlling and process are very important, electronic equipment shielding body metal parts it Between Low ESR connection be known as overlapping, there are many kinds of type, the measure taken is also different, handles bad will have a direct impact on The stability of shield effectiveness；Current potential should approach as far as possible when different metal overlaps, to avoid in harsh environment due to electricity Potential difference causes metal there is a phenomenon where electrochemical corrosion, and the corrosion of contact surface will lead to contact impedance and become larger and make under shield effectiveness Drop；One layer of close current potential and the good coating of electric conductivity is electroplated in interface, then carry out overlap joint to obtain good effect, The performance of soldering can be obtained simultaneously；Interface fixed for a long time can also be connected with soldering.

It is correct to select and installation shield effectiveness is good, the electromagnetic sealing liner of salt fog resistance, electrochemical corrosion resistant is to guarantee shielding The important means of body shield effectiveness stability.Common method is padded with electromagnetic sealing at mouthful gap taking, and utilizes its conductive Property and the characteristic that elasticity is good realize slot electromagnetic sealing；Commonly use optional electromagnetic sealing liner and its performance: beryllium copper spring finger Shield effectiveness in high frequency, low frequency is all higher, and is suitable for the occasion of sliding contact, and price is higher；Wire net cover rubber Shield effectiveness of the glue core liner in low frequency is high, and shield effectiveness when high frequency is low, is commonly used in 1GHz occasion below；Helix tube The shield effectiveness padded in high frequency, low frequency is all higher, and the liner of helix tube made of especially tin plating beryllium copper has very high screen Efficiency is covered, but by excessive condensation when is easily damaged.

This module can be used as the core of traditional gateway or equipment, the detection that can be undergone and pass through standard (such as portion, Ministry of Communications is marked), applies for Internet of Things (car networking) field, is based particularly on JT/T808 agreement or its Extended Protocol Intelligent terminal monitor supervision platform, such as vehicle GPS locating and monitoring platform；Through testing on common pc machine, single gateway application is at least It can support while 1w or more terminal is online simultaneously, have at least 600wGPS data/hour data-handling capacity.

The software development process of hardware system mainly passes through certain programming language (such as compilation, C, C++, Java, C#) and exists It is carried out in embedded software hardware development environment, some also include operating system, and the embedded OS of lightweight is usually certainly What row was write, but most of embedded systems are all to realize entire control logic by single program.

The embedded software of computer (CPU, the single-chip microcontroller, microprocessor) inside in hardware mould group is run on, it is also referred to as soft Part protocol stack (network stack) or network stack: to handle the wireless link communication quality between node it is frequent variation and Environment factor is interfered caused by wireless telecommunications, is had to self-organization of network, self-healing ability；There is very strong routing to calculate Method ability, it is ensured that information reliably and effectively by various network topologies (starlike/netted etc.) from source node (if existing, can To pass through hundreds and thousands of routing nodes) it is sent to destination node, it is ensured that the requirement of real-time of communication.

Application software part can be developed under 64 exploitation environment of windows7 by keil4, including various The software code developed is needed according to user, these codes mainly use C language to be developed, can be between with interface (such as API) Or instruction (such as AT instruction) mode, the function of Software Protocol Stack is called, location information is such as sent and refers to cloud server and reception The program of order.

Claims (10)

1. complicated network control association element is first carried out systematization combing, from difference by a kind of method of network control Dimension is analyzed, and sets the network control architectural framework model that an application layer business can refer to, it is characterised in that the net It is " end, people, pipe, cloud " four dimension modules that network, which manages architectural framework model, " end, pipe " dimension in the network control architectural framework The carrier of degree is a kind of network control module.

2. a kind of method of network control as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that " end " i.e. physical object dimension is Clear " object " and relating attribute are terminal device and its sensing system, are responsible for acquisition and obtain the information of application scenarios, perception The state of inside and outside environment, perception i.e. acquisition data, has communication, the ubiquitous communication of communication between devices, equipment network communication in equipment Terminal, and allow equipment have network addressing and it is network trusted mark etc. abilities equipment, mainly using RFID, sensor, Two dimensional code etc. obtains information whenever and wherever possible, can interact with network system；The information of the acquisition includes position, environment, individual happiness The complete perceptions such as good, situation, mood, parameter and business impression, network state；" people " i.e. user's dimension, is to define use Family, user type and its demand etc., can be applied by mobile terminal, identify equipment, account, fingerprint, face or natural language etc. The method of energy representative capacity uses system, is one of object and application core of system service；" pipe " manages dimension, is The scheme of perception and control, the i.e. interrelational form of " object " needed for setting, solution equipment and equipment, equipment and environment, equipment and net, Equipment and people's interconnects, and communication and roaming between equipment ad hoc network and a variety of heterogeneous networks is realized, in function and performance Upper guarantee real-time, serviceability and network are ubiquitous, while it is the entity of public network and private network, can pass through various networks Fusion, integrated services, terminal fusion, operation management fusion, by the information of object, real-time and accurately reliable delivery is gone out, and is to guarantee One of the key that whole system model operates normally, related content may because application needs appear in client application, Among each sections such as the application of " object " end and system background application；" cloud " services dimension, is the information platform of equipment operation With the operation backstage of system, multi-source massive information converges at this, needs virtualization, safety certification, real-time, interactive, mass memory etc. Cloud computing function, application system be also around equipment data convergence, calculate, scheduling, monitoring, management, intelligent processing with The compound system of application；The system includes data service, system O&M, resource distribution and intelligent Service etc.；Data service It is that original or semi-finished product data mart modeling is analyzed, handled and integrated to mass data and information at corresponding user service Using；Intelligent Service is the intelligent processing for utilizing the various intelligent Computation Technologies such as cloud computing, fuzzy diagnosis, artificial intelligence, right Environment, object have some understandings, do a large amount of analysis to data, and be based on this decision, form network managing and control system brain, to object Body (equipment) carries out the intelligence such as real-time intelligent control, intelligence s ervice；System O&M is in the two level guarantees of technology and system Safe and reliable, the stable and accurate operation of system；Resource distribution is to realize single network control application system and external system Between information and the resources such as market it is shared with exchange, establish network and manage closed loop business model.

3. a kind of method of network control as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that four dimension module be based on internet, The information carriers such as conventional telecommunications net, the General Physics object implementatio8 for allowing to be independently addressable interconnects, in practical application On the basis of aggretion type it is integrated, it is mutual to have object-based device, terminal for networking, the intelligence, automated system of the interconnection of formation object The features such as connectionization, control automation, Intelligent Service；Four dimension module can be managed for Internet of Things, network, remotely monitor, be remote Process control, system control, automation control or smart machine etc. application layer business or its drop applications grade business provide ginseng It examines；The network control association will be known as network, application, user, material object, third party's service, supplier etc., system Changing combing is also the process that challenge is simplified, it can be deduced that covers all correlating factors and the different dimensions simplified, such as Physical object dimension, user's dimension, control dimension and service dimension；Networking is established according still further to service logic between the dimension Connection, to form single network control ecosystem；Single network control ecosystem passes through the resource distribution shape of service again At it is inter-trade it is cross-cutting between collaboration system.

4. a kind of method of network control as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the network control architectural framework The carrier of " end, pipe " dimension can be a kind of network control module, be the hardware device core for connecting sensor network and bearer network The heart, it is understood that be the nucleus module or things-internet gateway of equipment, adaptation sensor terminal (wireless, wired mode) is simultaneously realized Protocol conversion between sensor network and bearer network, to the processing of sensor terminal data and initial intelligent and with " cloud " The communication of model platform, the communication adaptation with sensor terminal.

5. a kind of method of network control as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the module is a kind of microprocessor control The electronic equipment of system is a kind of embedded system (can abbreviation hardware system) being integrated in chipset, does not depend on specific behaviour Make system, network communication may be implemented, repeat-back, receive control, there is application program corresponding with concrete function, physics generation Object in boundary can be connected to system (such as a dcs or SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) by its interface System)), by transmitting data, it is attached, communicates or manages with object in the form of message, order etc.；The embedded system A control program embeded processor control panel stored in ROM as device or a part of equipment, core be by One or several programs finished in advance are led to CPU, microprocessor, microcontroller, single-chip microcontroller or the SoC for executing task Cross and several crucial system elements be integrated on monolithic, obtain it is small and cheap, peripheral electronic device can be operated Computer；The module generally passes through network connection to system, and use the part being wirelessly connected be it is particularly important in system and Link the weakest, needs many design factors of detailed examination: such as the data rate of equipment, to the range or distance of gateway, Environment, if need to encrypt or authenticate, power consumption, capacity, service quality and reliability, network topology, either simplex or duplex, it is suitable and Available frequency spectrum, available IC, module and equipment, cost, development platform, linking Internet, the permissive condition etc. of available standards； The one or more kinds of combinations of selection in light of the circumstances, it is the most appropriate, can matching unit and its surrounding enviroment, be suitable for the application of Wireless communication technique or standard, such as WLAN, IEEE802.11x series, Wi-Fi, WAPI, 2G/3G honeycomb, 4G, narrowband NB- IoT, 5G, 802.15.4,6LoWPAN, ZigBee, Bluetooth, RFID, NFC, IrDA, WiMAX, UWB, EnOcean, Z- Wave, LoRa, SIGFOX, Weightless, WirelessHART etc.；The networking mode of the module can use typical object Join scene mode, i.e. module is wirelessly linked to gateway, and gateway is by router using public broadband cable or DSL Modem is connected to the interface of internet, then is connected to internet (cloud service) by Internet Service Provider；? It can pass through a cellular carrier using machine to the application scenarios mode of machine (M2M), i.e. module connection, then arrive again another Operator, family, or directly arrive internet (cloud service)；Or other are able to satisfy the mode of needs；The hardware system of the module Framework includes: hardware mould group, runs on the insertion that computer (CPU, single-chip microcontroller, microprocessor or SoC) is internal in hardware mould group Formula software and application software；The hardware mould group mainly has communication main control unit, power-supply system, I/O(input/output) unit and Interface (interface is containing expansion interface and Peripheral Interface), earthed system and shield etc.；The communication main control unit is to believe number Breath is converted to high-frequency wireless signals and sends out and the high-frequency wireless signals received are reverted to digital information, realizes an allusion quotation The wireless sensor network node and router of type can use multi-chip scheme, micro- by a radio transmitting and receiving chip and one Controller (single-chip microcontroller) composition, or an on piece system has been made by wireless transceiver chip and microcontroller and wireless transceiver It unites (SoC)；The embedded software and application software belong to computer program, and the development process of program mainly passes through certain volume Cheng Yuyan (such as compilation, C, C++, Java, C#) is carried out in embedded software hardware development environment, some also include operation system System, what the embedded OS of lightweight was usually voluntarily write, but most of embedded systems are all real by single program Now entire control logic runs on the embedded software of single-chip microcontroller or microprocessor internal, also referred to as Software Protocol Stack (network stack) or network stack, it is necessary to handle frequent variation and the environment of the wireless link communication quality between node Factor is interfered caused by wireless telecommunications, has to self-organization of network, self-healing ability, has very strong routing algorithm energy Power, it is ensured that information reliably and effectively by various network topologies (starlike/netted etc.) from source node (if existing, Ke Yitong Cross hundreds and thousands of routing nodes) it is sent to destination node, it is ensured that the requirement of real-time of communication；The application software includes various According to using the software code developed is needed, can be developed using programming language (such as C language), between can with interface with The modes such as API call the function of Software Protocol Stack, including to data pretreatment, periphery control with driving and with system Communication and data transmission.

6. a kind of method of network control as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the module I/O unit is module and outer I/O circuit is mainly linked together with peripheral equipment, is completed under different electrical characteristics to defeated by the interface section of boundary's circuit Enter/driving of output signal requires with matching, such as connect specific sensor or driving, control executive component；I/O extension connects Mouth makes the basic unit of I/O expanding element and module realize connection, when the input of basic I/O unit or output points not enough use When, switching value I/O points can be expanded with I/O expanding element or increase the I/O terminal of analog quantity；Peripheral interface circuit is used for Connect programmable device, display, or the control network for comprising modules；The quantity of I/O and interface, level, electrical characteristic, band are negative Loading capability, type, peripheral circuit etc., the specific chip used by module determine.

7. a kind of method of network control as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the stable operation of the module is be unable to do without Stable, reliable power-supply system, is related to external power supply mode and power management；The design key of power-supply system is analysis, assessment Good input voltage, output voltage and electric current calculate the wink that total power consumption, the efficiency that power supply is realized, power unit change load Power supply ripple and heat dissipation problem that state responding ability, Primary Component allow to the tolerance of power-supply fluctuation and accordingly etc.； It is poor that the type selecting of Power Management Devices will pay close attention to maximum output current, input voltage range, output voltage, input and output voltage, quiet The parameters such as state electric current；Then according to data parameters, application scenarios and actual needs, three terminal regulator, LDO, Switching Power Supply are selected Or PMU；When using PMU, it is necessary to centralization with make a choice in distributed generation resource allocation plan；External power supply mode can integrate Modular power source management parameters and application scenarios select power grid, external power supply, button cell or solar energy (such as solar recharging+lithium Battery) source as system power.

8. a kind of method of network control as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the module ESD(Electro-static Driven Comb) optimization Using the methods of ground connection, electrostatic screen, ion neutralization and Electrostatic Protection Design: ground connection is to put electrostatic by the connection of a line Enter the earth, be most direct, effective anti-static precautions, the common earthing method of conductor has band antistatic wrist strap and working surface to connect Ground etc.；Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive can be exposed in the region for having electrostatic in storage or transportational process, can with the method for electrostatic screen Weaken influence of the extraneous static to electronic component, common method is to use static shielding bag as protection；Insulator often easily produces Raw electrostatic, the elimination to insulator electrostatic, be with earthing method it is invalid, the method generallyd use is that ion neutralizes, that is, is existed Ion blower, ion air gun etc. are used in working environment；Electrostatic Protection Design uses Technology design means to each section electrostatic Hidden danger is prevented or is solved in advance.

9. a kind of method of network control as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the ground connection of the module, need prevent it is quiet Electricity, lightning protection and safe design and for communication system, high speed signal, high-frequency circuit, analog signal, signal ground, interface etc. Special designing: the interconnection of signal between large number of equipment is realized in communication system, each equipment is needed to have benchmark " ground " conduct The reference ground of signal；The electromagnetic compatibility problems such as the mutual interference between signal are related with ground connection；The signal reflux of high speed signal will also weigh Depending on connecing " ground "；High-frequency circuit will use multipoint earthing or multi-layer board (complete ground plane layer), and basic principle is to guarantee cabling Continuity, reduce number of vias, close to ground level or power plane etc.；Analog signal and digital signal will flow back into Ground, the noise that total thought is to try in barrier digitally channel to simulation on the ground；General device is preferably grounded nearby；To the greatest extent may be used One piece of independent interface can be individually partitioned into, it is connect with signal ground using thin cabling；Design interface and interface power Filtering；The clean interface of veneer is connected on the ground using its shielded layer when shielded cable.

10. a kind of method of network control as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the shield of the module is to realize electricity The compatible important means with TEMPEST protection of magnetic, EMC Design is to produce the circuit of electronic equipment internal not mutually Raw interference, the electromagnetic interference strength for generating equipment make to set lower than specific limiting value (particularly significant for computer equipment) It is standby to have certain resistivity to extraneous electromagnetic interference；TEMPEST technology is that electronic information equipment passes through electromagnetism in order to prevent Energy transmitting generates information leakage transmitting；Electromagnetic shielding is the isolation to metal is carried out between two spaces region, to control electricity , the induction and radiation of magnetic field and electromagnetic wave by a region to another region, this programme specifically with shield by component, Circuit, sub-assembly, cable or whole system interference source be surrounded, prevent interference electromagnetic field to external diffusion；It will with shield It receives circuit, equipment or system to be surrounded, prevents their influences by external electromagnetic field, it is therefore an objective to cut off the biography of electromagnetic wave Defeated approach guarantees that the circuit in electronic equipment works normally, ensures the safety of equipment；The quality shield effectiveness of shielding properties (usually with decibel (dB) indicate) indicates, characterizes shield to the attenuation degree of electromagnetic wave, shield is by various factors It influences, over time, shield effectiveness can change；The key point for solving electromagnetic compatibility efficiency stability has selection to shield Cover material, overlapping technology and its technique and selection and installation electromagnetic sealing liner.