CN110162863A - The thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan - Google Patents
The thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan Download PDFInfo
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- CN110162863A CN110162863A CN201910403121.3A CN201910403121A CN110162863A CN 110162863 A CN110162863 A CN 110162863A CN 201910403121 A CN201910403121 A CN 201910403121A CN 110162863 A CN110162863 A CN 110162863A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of thermal coupling design methods of electric ducted fan, in the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan of the invention, consider that wheel hub in ducted fan compares the influence of the actual efficiency and actual thrust of fan blade and the influence of the power to the radiating requirements of motor (calorific value that the heat dissipation capacity on motor case surface is greater than motor) and motor, by the wheel hub of motor than being integrated into the design process of ducted fan with radiating requirements, it can make while the design result of ducted fan meets the requirement of multi-state environment, so that motor is met radiating requirements (calorific value that the heat dissipation capacity on motor case surface is greater than motor) and makes the volume minimization of motor, to improve the power to weight ratio of motor in ducted fan.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aero propulsion technical field more particularly to a kind of thermal coupling design methods of electric ducted fan.
Background technique
With being increasingly stringenter to the requirements such as aircraft safety, energy-saving and environmental protection, reliable, more electricity aircrafts, electric aircraft and mixed
It closes motor plane and has gradually obtained the concern of people, and welcome rapid development.In the aircraft of these new types, connecting wing
The mentality of designing of body fusion, so that electric ducted fan becomes a very crucial components.Traditional ducted fan is one
Kind is in the widely used Promoting Form of aviation field, with its propulsive efficiency is high, noise is small, inclusiveness is good, unit power thrust is big
The advantages that, become the mainstream propulsion mode in present airliner.Electric ducted fan is that traditional duct wind is substituted using motor
Aero-engine in fan can obtain faster system responsiveness, lower noise pollution, more flexible legacy system cloth
It sets.
Electric ducted fan includes blade, duct and motor, in aero propulsion field, power to weight ratio (power and quality it
Than) parameter that be one extremely important and sensitive, because the weight of electric ducted fan directly affects the weight of commercial load
With the aerial flight mileage of aircraft.If necessary to improve the power to weight ratio of the motor of aviation, need to optimize in terms of three:
(1) reinforce the heat dissipation of motor；(2) optimize the design of motor electromagnetic structure；(3) lightweight of structure.It, can in order to improve power to weight ratio
To use two kinds of means, first is that cooling down using liquid hydrogen to motor, it both can sufficiently meet the radiating requirements of motor, while very
It can extremely make motor work in the case where low-temperature superconducting；Two are an attempt to some electromagnetic design schemes, use such as switching magnetic-resistance electricity
Machine, axial air-gap magneto, super conduction synchronous electric motor etc. are used as motor.But in small-sized aero propulsion field, excessively complicated
Radiating mode and structure (such as oil is cold, liquid hydrogen is cooling) increase the weight of electric ducted fan, while bringing sealing etc.
Integrity problem.So a kind of volume for reducing motor as far as possible becomes numerous researchs with the motor for realizing higher power to weight ratio
The target of person.
The matched design of current ducted fan and motor is mainly carried out by power and the two indexs of revolving speed, so
The check and inspection for carrying out temperature rise afterwards, make in aircraft operational process, the temperature rise on operating condition line meets the safety of motor
It is required that.But there are two main problems for this design method: first is the design process coupling not by motor and ducted fan
Close consider, especially wheel hub than this index, be in entire design process first it needs to be determined that and to blade and motor
All very big parameter is influenced, such as influences the power to weight ratio of motor；Second is not account for motor in ducted fan design process
Influence of the hot property (such as radiating requirements of motor) to design process, keep the power to weight ratio of motor not ideal enough.
Summary of the invention
In view of the existing technical defect, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of thermal couplings of electric ducted fan to set
Meter method, the design by the wheel hub of motor than incorporating ducted fan with radiating requirements, improves the power to weight ratio of motor in ducted fan.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of thermal coupling design methods of electric ducted fan, for setting
Meter include fan blade, motor, duct ducted fan, the thermal coupling design method of the electric ducted fan includes step
S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10 and S11.S1, examination take the wheel hub ratio r of ducted fan to be designed, according to giving
Thrust requirements T under an operating condition of the fixed ducted fan to be designed in multi-state environment|rust, size requirements, ducted fan go out
The blade tip Mach number of mouth parameter and ducted fan, estimation obtain the estimated efficiency of ducted fan under the operating condition and are calculated
The axial velocity V of duct exit flowout, size requirements include the axial length L of ducted fanduct, ducted fan radius
Rduct, ducted fan outlet parameter includes the ratio between exit flow sectional area and inlet air flow sectional area of ducted fan and duct
The current density ρ of fan outlet, multi-state environment include multiple operating conditions；S2, according to the axial velocity V of duct exit flowout、
The radius R of ducted fanductAnd ducted fan outlet parameter, and according to the sharp disk of perfect gas theory, duct is calculated
The performance parameter of fan, performance parameter include thrust T, power consumption P；S3, according to the wheel hub ratio r of ducted fan and the axial direction of motor
Length Lmotor, the volume V of motor is calculatedmotor；S4, the electricity obtained according to the rotational speed omega of given motor and step S3
The volume V of machinemotor, the power P of motor is calculatedmotor；S5 just estimates the efficiency value η for obtaining motormotor；S6, according to motor
Efficiency value ηmotorWith the power consumption P of ducted fan, the calorific value W of motor is calculatedH；According to the axial length L of motormotor、
The flow velocity of air-flow, is calculated motor case surface at known motor case surface area, casing surface temperature difference and casing
Heat dissipation capacity WC；Whether the heat dissipation capacity on motor case surface obtained in S7, judgment step S6 is greater than the calorific value of motor, if it is not,
Then follow the steps S8；If so, thening follow the steps S9；S8 examines the efficiency value η of motormotorWhether can improve, if so, increasing electricity
Engine efficiency value ηmotorAnd return step S6, execute step S6-S7；If it is not, increasing the wheel hub ratio and return step of ducted fan
S3 executes step S3-S7；S9 examines the power P of motormotorWhether redundancy is had, if so, reducing the wheel hub ratio of ducted fan
And return step S3, step S3-S7 is executed, if it is not, the wheel hub ratio of the ducted fan under the operating condition, ducted fan are pushed away
Power demand T|rust, thrust T substitute into fan design program and carry out fan blade design and simulation calculation, obtain the duct of Preliminary design
Blade profile, performance data and the 3D simulation model of the fan blade of fan simultaneously execute step S10；Performance data includes ducted fan
Actual efficiency, actual thrust；S10 gives an efficiency error amount and a thrust error value, judges the ducted fan of Preliminary design
Actual efficiency it is whether excessively high, i.e., whether compared estimate is high-efficient and actual efficiency and estimated efficiency for the actual efficiency of ducted fan
Whether difference is greater than efficiency error amount, if so, reducing the wheel hub ratio and return step S3 of ducted fan, executes step S3-
S7, if it is not, judging whether the actual efficiency of the ducted fan of Preliminary design is too low, i.e., the actual efficiency compared estimate of ducted fan is imitated
Rate is low and whether the absolute value of actual efficiency and the difference of estimated efficiency is greater than efficiency error amount, if so, increasing ducted fan
Wheel hub ratio and return step S3 and execute step S3-S7, if it is not, judging the actual thrust of the ducted fan of Preliminary design is
It is no excessively high, i.e., the actual thrust of ducted fan whether specific thrust demand T|rustHigh and actual thrust and thrust requirements T|rustDifference
Whether value is greater than thrust error value, if so, reducing the wheel hub ratio and return step S3 of ducted fan, executes step S3-S7,
If it is not, judge whether the actual thrust of the ducted fan of Preliminary design too low, i.e. the actual thrust specific thrust demand of ducted fan
T|rustLow and actual thrust and thrust requirements T|rustDifference absolute value be greater than thrust error value, if so, increase duct wind
The wheel hub ratio and return step S3 of fan, execute step S3-S7, if it is not, the actual efficiency and actual thrust of output ducted fan
And execute step S11；S11, judges whether actual thrust of the ducted fan of Preliminary design under the operating condition is greater than ducted fan
Thrust requirements under other operating conditions in given multi-state environment, if so, the fan of the ducted fan of output Preliminary design
Blade profile, performance data and the 3D simulation model of blade, the final design result as the ducted fan for meeting all operating conditions；If
It is no, using ducted fan in the thrust requirements under other operating conditions as the thrust requirements T in step S1|rust, return step S1, again
Step S1-S7 is executed, until the actual thrust for the ducted fan that Preliminary design obtains is greater than remaining other works in multi-state environment
Thrust requirements under condition, output meet the final design result of the ducted fan of all operating conditions.
In one embodiment, the value range of the wheel hub ratio r for the ducted fan that the examination in step S1 takes 0.2~0.4 it
Between.
In one embodiment, the axial velocity V of the duct exit flow in step S1outCalculating process include step
S111, S112 and S113.S111, according to the radius R of ducted fanductWith the wheel hub ratio r of ducted fan, pass through following formula:Wherein r indicates the wheel hub ratio of ducted fan, AinIndicate ducted fan enters implication
Flow section product, is calculated the inlet air flow sectional area A of ducted fanin；S112, according to the inlet air flow sectional area of ducted fan
AinThe ratio between with the exit flow sectional area of ducted fan and inlet air flow sectional area, the exit flow that ducted fan is calculated is cut
Area Aout；S113, according to the exit flow sectional area A of ducted fanout, thrust requirements T|rustAnd the gas of ducted fan outlet
Current density ρ, passes through following formula:Wherein ρ indicates the current density of ducted fan outlet, AoutIt indicates
The axial velocity V of duct exit flow is calculated in the exit flow sectional area of ducted fanout。
In one embodiment, the calculating process of the fan performance parameter in step S2 includes step S21, S22 and S23.
S21, according to the current density ρ of ducted fan outlet, the exit flow sectional area A of ducted fanoutAnd duct exit flow
Axial velocity Vout, pass through following formula: m=Vout·Aoutρ, wherein m indicates gas mass flow, and gas mass flow is calculated
Measure m；S22, according to the axial velocity V of gas mass flow m and duct exit flowout, the thrust T of ducted fan is calculated
=m × Vout；S23, according to working off one's feeling vent one's spleen for the thrust T of ducted fan, the current density ρ of ducted fan outlet and ducted fan
Flow section accumulates Aout, the power consumption of ducted fan is calculated
In one embodiment, the volume V of the motor in step S3motorCalculating process are as follows: according to the wheel hub of ducted fan
The radius R of ratio r and ducted fanduct, hub radius relationship, obtain hub radius, it is assumed that the half of hub radius and motor
Diameter RmotorIt is identical, according to the axial length L of hub radius and motormotor, the volume V of motor is calculatedmotor。
In one embodiment, the power P of the motor in step S4motorCalculating process are as follows: Pmotor=ω kτVmotor,
Wherein, kτFor motor torque coefficient.
In one embodiment, the efficiency value η of motormotorValue range between 85%~90%.
In one embodiment, the calorific value W of the motor in step S6HCalculating process are as follows: WH=P/ ηmotor(1-ηmotor)。
In one embodiment, the heat dissipation capacity W on the motor case surface in step S6CCalculating process are as follows: WC=hA Δ T,In formula, h indicates that convection transfer rate, A indicate that motor case surface area, Δ T indicate casing surface
The temperature difference, v indicate the flow velocity of air-flow at casing, and the flow velocity v of air-flow is by casing volumetric flow of gas and motor case table at casing
The quotient of area obtains, at casing volumetric flow of gas by ducted fan exit flow sectional area AoutWith duct exit flow
Axial velocity VoutProduct obtains.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
In the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan of the invention, consider that wheel hub compares fan leaf in ducted fan
The influence of the actual efficiency and actual thrust of piece and (heat dissipation capacity on motor case surface is greater than motor to the radiating requirements of motor
Calorific value) and motor power influence, the design process by the wheel hub of motor than being integrated into ducted fan with radiating requirements
In, it can make while the design result of ducted fan meets the requirement of multi-state environment, motor is made to meet heat dissipation need
It asks (calorific value that the heat dissipation capacity on motor case surface is greater than motor) and makes the volume minimization of motor, to improve in ducted fan
The power to weight ratio of motor.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the ducted fan in the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan of the invention.
Wherein, the reference numerals are as follows:
1 fan blade
2 motors
3 ducts
Specific embodiment
Attached drawing shows the embodiment of the present invention, and will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments are only example of the invention,
The present invention can be implemented in a variety of manners, and therefore, detail disclosed herein is not necessarily to be construed as limiting, but only as power
Basis that benefit requires and as the basis of representative for instructing those of ordinary skill in the art to implement the present invention in various ways.
It is described in detail the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan of the invention includes fan blade for designing
1, the ducted fan of motor 2, duct 3, the thermal coupling design method of the electric ducted fan include step S1, S2, S3, S4,
S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10 and S11.
S1, examination takes the wheel hub ratio r of ducted fan to be designed, according to given ducted fan to be designed in multi-state environment
In an operating condition under thrust requirements T|rust, size requirements, ducted fan outlet parameter and ducted fan blade tip Mach number,
Estimation obtains under the operating condition estimated efficiency of ducted fan and the axial velocity V of duct exit flow is calculatedout, size
Demand includes the axial length L of ducted fanduct, ducted fan radius Rduct, ducted fan outlet parameter includes ducted fan
Exit flow sectional area and the ratio between inlet air flow sectional area and the current density ρ of ducted fan outlet, multi-state environment packet
Include multiple operating conditions.
Ducted fan is applied in aircraft in complicated multi-state environment, at the beginning of ducted fan design, need by
Master-plan personnel determine each operating condition stage to the thrust requirements T of ducted fan according to aerial mission and flight envelope|rustAnd ruler
Very little demand etc..Multiple operating conditions include take off operating condition, operating condition of climbing, decline operating condition and landing operating condition, under operating condition of taking off, duct
The heat dissipation difficulty of fan is maximum, therefore preferably designs ducted fan under operating condition of taking off first.Before designing ducted fan, according to
Given thrust requirements T of the ducted fan under all operating conditions is actually needed|rust, size requirements, ducted fan outlet parameter and
The blade tip Mach number of ducted fan.The performance of ducted fan is tentatively understood by blade tip Mach number.The wheel hub ratio of ducted fan
On the one hand value will consider the size that the motor 2 that wheel hub can accommodate waits, on the other hand to consider the thick of the blade root of fan blade 1
Degree should not be excessive.The wheel hub of fan than typically small, the wheel hub of ducted fan than generally can between 0.2~0.4 value.Contain
The current density ρ of ducted fan outlet in road fan outlet parameter can be assumed that as the environmental density under corresponding operating condition.
The axial velocity V of duct exit flow in step S1outCalculating process include step S111, S112 and
S113.S111, according to the radius R of ducted fanductWith the wheel hub ratio r of ducted fan, pass through following formula:Wherein r indicates the wheel hub ratio of ducted fan, AinIndicate the inlet air flow of ducted fan
The inlet air flow sectional area A of ducted fan is calculated in sectional areain；S112, according to the inlet air flow sectional area of ducted fan
AinThe ratio between with the exit flow sectional area of ducted fan and inlet air flow sectional area, the exit flow that ducted fan is calculated is cut
Area Aout；S113, according to the exit flow sectional area A of ducted fanout, thrust requirements T|rustAnd the gas of ducted fan outlet
Current density ρ, passes through following formula:Wherein ρ indicates the current density of ducted fan outlet, AoutIt indicates
The axial velocity V of duct exit flow is calculated in the exit flow sectional area of ducted fanout。
S2, according to the axial velocity V of duct exit flowout, ducted fan radius RductAnd ducted fan outlet ginseng
Number, and according to the sharp disk of perfect gas theory, the performance parameter of ducted fan is calculated, performance parameter includes thrust T, power consumption
P。
The calculating process of fan performance parameter in step S2 includes step S21, S22 and S23.S21, according to duct wind
It is fanned out to the current density ρ of mouth, the exit flow sectional area A of ducted fanoutAnd the axial velocity V according to duct exit flowout,
Pass through following formula: m=Vout·Aoutρ, wherein m indicates gas mass flow, and gas mass flow m is calculated；S22, according to
The axial velocity V of gas mass flow m and duct exit flowout, thrust T=m × V of ducted fan is calculatedout；S23,
According to the exit flow sectional area A of the thrust T of ducted fan, the current density ρ that ducted fan exports and ducted fanout, meter
Calculation obtains the power consumption of ducted fan
Sharp disk theory in step S2, which refers to, thinks into a kind of sharp disk for wind energy conversion system (i.e. ducted fan), is mentioned by swashing disk
Take wind energy, it is believed that sharp disk be it is incompressible, the flow by ducted fan is modeled and makes following hypothesis: 1) assume
Mach number is low, so that flowing shows as incompressible fluid；2) it is constant to assume that the flowing outside ducted fan flow tube has
Stagnation pressure (does not apply any effect) to it；3) assume stability of flow；(4) on swashing disk, it is assumed that pressure discontinuously changes, but
Speed changes in a continuous manner.And assume that the internal-and external diameters such as ducted fan inlet and outlet design, so that gas can be obtained by modeling
Mass flow m=ρ Adisk[(Vout+Vin)/2] and thrustWherein, VinEnter implication for duct
The axial velocity of stream, AdiskIt indicates to swash disc area (area i.e. at fan blade 1), therefore is able to obtain duct wind by modeling
The approximate formula of the gas mass flow m and thrust T of fan are respectively m=Vout·Aoutρ and T=m × Vout。
S3, according to the axial length L of the wheel hub ratio r of ducted fan and motor 2motor, the volume of motor 2 is calculated
Vmotor。
The volume V of motor 2 in step S3motorCalculating process are as follows: according to the wheel hub ratio r of ducted fan and duct wind
The radius R of fanduct, hub radius relationship, obtain hub radius, it is assumed that the radius R of hub radius and motor 2motorIt is identical, root
According to the axial length L of hub radius and motor 2motor, the volume V of motor 2 is calculatedmotor.Wherein, motor 2 is assumed to be cylinder
Body, so the outer diameter of motor is identical as the hub radius of motor, so according to the axial length L of hub radius and motor 2motorMeter
Calculation obtains the volume V of motor 2motor。
S4, according to the volume V for the motor 2 that the rotational speed omega of given motor 2 and step S3 obtainmotor, electricity is calculated
The power P of machine 2motor。
The power P of motor 2 in step S4motorCalculating process are as follows: Pmotor=ω kτVmotor, wherein kτFor motor
Torque coefficient.In the case where motor 2 and fan blade 1 are direct-connected, the rotational speed omega of motor 2 and the revolving speed of ducted fan are identical.
S5 just estimates the efficiency value η for obtaining motor 2motor.The efficiency value η of motor 2motorRule of thumb estimation obtains, motor 2
It can be magneto, the efficiency of a kind of magneto is more close, then can just estimate the efficiency value η of motor 2motorValue range
Between 85%~90%.S6, according to the efficiency value η of motor 2motorWith the power consumption P of ducted fan, the hair of motor 2 is calculated
Heat WH；According to the axial length L of motor 2motor, known motor case surface area, gas at casing surface temperature difference and casing
The heat dissipation capacity W on motor case surface is calculated in the flow velocity of streamC。
The calorific value W of motor 2 in step S6HCalculating process are as follows: WH=P/ ηmotor(1-ηmotor)。
The heat dissipation capacity W on the motor case surface in step S6CCalculating process are as follows:
WC=hA Δ T,In formula, h indicates that convection transfer rate, A indicate motor case surface
Product, Δ T indicate that casing surface temperature difference, v indicate the flow velocity of air-flow at casing, and the flow velocity v of air-flow is by casing gas body at casing
Product flow and the quotient of motor case surface area obtain, at casing volumetric flow of gas by ducted fan exit flow sectional area
AoutWith the axial velocity V of duct exit flowoutProduct obtains.Wherein, casing surface temperature difference Δ T is motor case surface highest
The temperature difference between temperature and ambient air temperature, motor case hot face temperature can pass through the world according to the different brackets of motor
Standard queries obtain.
Whether the heat dissipation capacity on motor case surface obtained in S7, judgment step S6 is greater than the calorific value of motor 2, if it is not,
Then follow the steps S8；If so, thening follow the steps S9.
S8 examines the efficiency value η of motor 2motorWhether can improve, if so, increasing electric efficiency value ηmotorAnd return step
S6 executes step S6-S7；If it is not, increasing the wheel hub ratio and return step S3 of ducted fan, step S3-S7 is executed.
S9 examines the power P of motor 2motorWhether redundancy is had, if so, reducing the wheel hub ratio of ducted fan and returning to step
Rapid S3 executes step S3-S7, if it is not, by the thrust requirements of the wheel hub ratio of the ducted fan under the operating condition, ducted fan
T|rust, thrust T substitutes into fan design program and carries out fan blade design and simulation calculation, the duct wind that output Preliminary design obtains
Blade profile, performance data and the 3D simulation model of the fan blade 1 of fan simultaneously execute step S10；Performance data includes ducted fan
Actual efficiency, actual thrust.
Fan design in step S9 has had the design method of various maturations in known technology.Electronic culvert of the invention
Fan design program in the thermal coupling design method of road fan is used based on the fan write along the circular rectors design method such as leaf height
It program is designed, to carry out ducted fan design, obtains the design result of fan blade 1, such as the fan blade 1 of ducted fan
Blade profile, and according to the design result of fan blade 1, grid division, setting basin are carried out, such as NUMECA software, ANSYS are used
The business fluid software for calculation of software carries out three-dimensional artificial calculating, to obtain the 3D simulation model and performance number of ducted fan
It further include that volumetric flow of gas, stagnation pressure rise etc. according to, performance data other than including the actual efficiency of ducted fan, actual thrust
The related data of ducted fan.The method that fan design program uses is not limited to based on along the circular rectors design method such as leaf height, fan
Design program can also be used other fan design methods to realize.Step S7 to step S9 is by the heat dissipation of the motor 2 of ducted fan
Demand and wheel hub compare fan blade 1 and the influence of motor 2 is fused to the process that ducted fan designs, so that ducted fan
Motor 2 meets radiating requirements (calorific value that the heat dissipation capacity on motor case surface is greater than motor 2) and the power-efficient of motor utilizes,
And by reducing wheel hub than come the volume that reduces motor 2 as far as possible, thus by making motor 2 meet radiating requirements and reduction
The volume of motor 2 is to realize higher power to weight ratio.
S10 gives an efficiency error amount and a thrust error value, judges that the actual efficiency of the ducted fan of Preliminary design is
No excessively high, i.e., whether compared estimate is high-efficient and whether actual efficiency and the difference of estimated efficiency are greater than for the actual efficiency of ducted fan
Efficiency error amount executes step S3-S7 if so, reducing the wheel hub ratio and return step S3 of ducted fan, if it is not, judgement
Whether the actual efficiency of the ducted fan of Preliminary design is too low, i.e. the actual efficiency compared estimate low efficiency of ducted fan and practical effect
Whether the absolute value of rate and the difference of estimated efficiency is greater than efficiency error amount, if so, increasing the wheel hub ratio of ducted fan simultaneously
Return step S3 simultaneously executes step S3-S7, if it is not, judging whether the actual thrust of the ducted fan of Preliminary design is excessively high, that is, contains
The actual thrust of road fan whether specific thrust demand T|rustHigh and actual thrust and thrust requirements T|rustDifference whether be greater than and push away
Power error amount executes step S3-S7 if so, reducing the wheel hub ratio and return step S3 of ducted fan, if it is not, judgement is just
Whether the actual thrust for walking the ducted fan of design is too low, i.e. the actual thrust specific thrust demand T of ducted fan|rustIt is low and practical
Thrust and thrust requirements T|rustDifference absolute value be greater than thrust error value, if so, increase ducted fan wheel hub ratio
And return step S3, step S3-S7 is executed, if it is not, the actual efficiency of output ducted fan and actual thrust and executing step
S11.Wherein, the value can be arranged according to specific design objective in efficiency error amount and thrust error value, efficiency error amount and push away here
Power error amount can value be 2%.
After the blade profile, performance data and 3D simulation model of the fan blade 1 for the ducted fan for obtaining Preliminary design, need
Judge the actual efficiency and actual thrust and estimated efficiency and thrust requirements T of the ducted fan of Preliminary design|rustWhether deviation
It is excessive, if deviation is excessive, the leaf of the fan blade 1 of the ducted fan of Preliminary design is regenerated by adjusting wheel hub ratio
Type, performance data and 3D simulation model.So as to embody importance of the wheel hub ratio in ducted fan design, it is also intended to
The element that emphasis considers.
S11, judges whether actual thrust of the ducted fan of Preliminary design under the operating condition is greater than ducted fan given
Multi-state environment in other operating conditions under thrust requirements, if so, output Preliminary design ducted fan fan blade (1)
Blade profile, performance data and 3D simulation model, the final design result as the ducted fan for meeting all operating conditions；If it is not,
Using ducted fan in the thrust requirements under other operating conditions as the thrust requirements T in step S1|rust, return step S1 holds again
Row step S1-S7, until the actual thrust for the ducted fan that design obtains is greater than in multi-state environment under remaining other operating conditions
Thrust requirements, output meet the final design result of the ducted fan of all operating conditions.
After design obtains the blade profile, performance data and 3D simulation model of the fan blade 1 of the ducted fan under the operating condition,
Need to judge whether the ducted fan under the operating condition that design obtains is able to use under other operating conditions, so to judge tentatively to set
It counts obtained ducted fan and whether is greater than its in given multi-state environment of ducted fan in the actual thrust under the operating condition
Thrust requirements under its operating condition, if conditions are not met, it is of the invention to recirculate execution according to the thrust requirements under other operating conditions
The step of thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan, until obtaining the fan for the final ducted fan for meeting all operating conditions
Blade profile, performance data and the 3D simulation model of blade 1.
In the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan of the invention, consider that wheel hub compares fan leaf in ducted fan
The influence of the actual efficiency and actual thrust of piece 1 and (heat dissipation capacity on motor case surface is greater than electricity to the radiating requirements of motor 2
The calorific value of machine 2) and motor 2 power influence, the design by the wheel hub of motor 2 than being integrated into ducted fan with radiating requirements
In the process, it can make while the design result of ducted fan meets the requirement of multi-state environment, meet motor 2 and dissipate
Heat demand (calorific value that the heat dissipation capacity on motor case surface is greater than motor 2) and the volume minimization for making motor 2, to improve duct
The power to weight ratio of motor 2 in fan.
Detailed description describes multiple exemplary embodiments above, but is not intended to be limited to clearly disclosed combination herein.
Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, various features disclosed herein can be combined and be formed and not shown for clarity and
Multiple other combinations out.
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan includes fan blade (1), motor (2), duct for designing
(3) ducted fan, which is characterized in that the thermal coupling design method of the electric ducted fan comprising steps of
S1, examination takes the wheel hub ratio r of ducted fan to be designed, according to given ducted fan to be designed in multi-state environment
Thrust requirements T under one operating condition|rust, size requirements, ducted fan outlet parameter and ducted fan blade tip Mach number, estimation
It obtains under the operating condition estimated efficiency of ducted fan and the axial velocity V of duct exit flow is calculatedout, size requirements
Axial length L including ducted fanduct, ducted fan radius Rduct, ducted fan outlet parameter includes going out for ducted fan
The ratio between implication flow section product and inlet air flow sectional area and the current density ρ of ducted fan outlet, multi-state environment include more
A operating condition；
S2, according to the axial velocity V of duct exit flowout, ducted fan radius RductAnd ducted fan outlet parameter, and
Sharp disk according to perfect gas is theoretical, the performance parameter of ducted fan is calculated, performance parameter includes thrust T, power consumption P；
S3, according to the axial length L of the wheel hub ratio r and motor (2) of ducted fanmotor, the volume of motor (2) is calculated
Vmotor；
S4, according to the volume V for the motor (2) that the rotational speed omega of given motor (2) and step S3 obtainmotor, electricity is calculated
The power P of machine (2)motor；
S5 just estimates to obtain the efficiency value η of motor (2)motor；
S6, according to the efficiency value η of motor (2)motorWith the power consumption P of ducted fan, the calorific value W of motor (2) is calculatedH；Root
According to the axial length L of motor (2)motor, known motor case surface area, at casing surface temperature difference and casing air-flow stream
The heat dissipation capacity W on motor case surface is calculated in speedC；
Whether the heat dissipation capacity on motor case surface obtained in S7, judgment step S6 is greater than the calorific value of motor (2), if it is not, then
Execute step S8；If so, thening follow the steps S9；
S8 examines the efficiency value η of motor (2)motorWhether can improve, if so, increasing electric efficiency value ηmotorAnd return step S6,
Execute step S6-S7；If it is not, increasing the wheel hub ratio and return step S3 of ducted fan, step S3-S7 is executed；
S9 examines the power P of motor (2)motorWhether redundancy is had, if so, reducing the wheel hub ratio and return step of ducted fan
S3 executes step S3-S7, if it is not, by the thrust requirements of the wheel hub ratio of the ducted fan under the operating condition, ducted fan
T|rust, thrust T substitute into fan design program and carry out fan blade design and simulation calculation, obtain the ducted fan of Preliminary design
Blade profile, performance data and the 3D simulation model of fan blade (1) simultaneously execute step S10；Performance data includes ducted fan
Actual efficiency, actual thrust；
S10 gives an efficiency error amount and a thrust error value, judge the ducted fan of Preliminary design actual efficiency whether mistake
Whether compared estimate is high-efficient and whether actual efficiency and the difference of estimated efficiency are greater than efficiency for height, the i.e. actual efficiency of ducted fan
Error amount executes step S3-S7 if so, reducing the wheel hub ratio and return step S3 of ducted fan, if it is not, judgement is preliminary
Whether the actual efficiency of the ducted fan of design too low, i.e., the actual efficiency compared estimate low efficiency and actual efficiency of ducted fan with
Whether the absolute value of the difference of estimated efficiency is greater than efficiency error amount, if so, increasing the wheel hub ratio of ducted fan and returning
Step S3 simultaneously executes step S3-S7, if it is not, judge whether the actual thrust of the ducted fan of Preliminary design excessively high, i.e. duct wind
The actual thrust of fan whether specific thrust demand T|rustHigh and actual thrust and thrust requirements T|rustDifference whether be greater than thrust mistake
Difference executes step S3-S7 if so, reducing the wheel hub ratio and return step S3 of ducted fan, if it is not, judgement is tentatively set
Whether the actual thrust of the ducted fan of meter is too low, i.e. the actual thrust specific thrust demand T of ducted fan|rustLow and actual thrust
With thrust requirements T|rustDifference absolute value be greater than thrust error value, if so, increase ducted fan wheel hub ratio and return
Step S3 is returned, step S3-S7 is executed, if it is not, the actual efficiency of output ducted fan and actual thrust and executing step S11；
It is more what is given to judge whether actual thrust of the ducted fan of Preliminary design under the operating condition is greater than ducted fan by S11
The thrust requirements under other operating conditions in work condition environment, if so, the leaf of the fan blade (1) of the ducted fan of output Preliminary design
Type, performance data and 3D simulation model, the final design result as the ducted fan for meeting all operating conditions；If it is not, to contain
Road fan is in the thrust requirements under other operating conditions as the thrust requirements T in step S1|rust, return step S1 re-executes step
Rapid S1-S7, until the actual thrust for the ducted fan that Preliminary design obtains is greater than in multi-state environment under remaining other operating conditions
Thrust requirements, output meet the final design result of the ducted fan of all operating conditions.
2. the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the examination in step S1
The value range of the wheel hub ratio r of the ducted fan taken is between 0.2~0.4.
3. the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the culvert in step S1
The axial velocity V of road exit flowoutCalculating process comprising steps of
S111, according to the radius R of ducted fanductWith the wheel hub ratio r of ducted fan, pass through following formula:Wherein r indicates the wheel hub ratio of ducted fan, AinIndicate ducted fan enters implication
Flow section product, is calculated the inlet air flow sectional area A of ducted fanin；
S112, according to the inlet air flow sectional area A of ducted faninIt is cut with the exit flow sectional area and inlet air flow of ducted fan
The exit flow sectional area A of ducted fan is calculated in area ratioout；
S113, according to the exit flow sectional area A of ducted fanout, thrust requirements T|rustAnd the air-flow of ducted fan outlet is close
ρ is spent, following formula is passed through:Wherein ρ indicates the current density of ducted fan outlet, AoutIndicate duct
The axial velocity V of duct exit flow is calculated in the exit flow sectional area of fanout。
4. the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the wind in step S2
Fan performance parameter calculating process comprising steps of
S21, according to the current density ρ of ducted fan outlet, the exit flow sectional area A of ducted fanoutAnd duct is worked off one's feeling vent one's spleen
The axial velocity V of streamout, pass through following formula: m=Vout·Aoutρ, wherein m indicates gas mass flow, and gas matter is calculated
Measure flow m；
S22, according to the axial velocity V of gas mass flow m and duct exit flowout, the thrust T of ducted fan is calculated
=m × Vout；
S23, according to the exit flow section of the thrust T of ducted fan, the current density ρ that ducted fan exports and ducted fan
Product Aout, the power consumption of ducted fan is calculated
5. the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electricity in step S3
The volume V of machine (2)motorCalculating process are as follows:
According to the radius R of the wheel hub ratio r of ducted fan and ducted fanduct, hub radius relationship, obtain hub radius, it is false
If the radius R of hub radius and motor (2)motorIt is identical, according to the axial length L of hub radius and motor (2)motor, calculate
To the volume V of motor (2)motor。
6. the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electricity in step S4
The power P of machine (2)motorCalculating process are as follows:
Pmotor=ω kτVmotor, wherein kτFor motor torque coefficient.
7. the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the effect of motor (2)
Rate value ηmotorValue range between 85%~90%.
8. the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electricity in step S6
The calorific value W of machine (2)HCalculating process are as follows: WH=P/ ηmotor(1-ηmotor)。
9. the thermal coupling design method of electric ducted fan according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the electricity in step S6
The heat dissipation capacity W on machine casing surfaceCCalculating process are as follows:
WC=hA Δ T,
In formula, h indicates that convection transfer rate, A indicate that motor case surface area, Δ T indicate that casing surface temperature difference, v indicate casing
Locate the flow velocity of air-flow, the flow velocity v of air-flow is obtained by the quotient of casing volumetric flow of gas and motor case surface area at casing, machine
At shell volumetric flow of gas by ducted fan exit flow sectional area AoutWith the axial velocity V of duct exit flowoutProduct
It obtains.
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