CN110160601B - Plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor with spiral structure - Google Patents
Plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor with spiral structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110160601B CN110160601B CN201910546128.0A CN201910546128A CN110160601B CN 110160601 B CN110160601 B CN 110160601B CN 201910546128 A CN201910546128 A CN 201910546128A CN 110160601 B CN110160601 B CN 110160601B
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- 239000013308 plastic optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
- G01F23/292—Light, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
A plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor with a spiral structure belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing. The liquid level sensor consists of a light source, a U-shaped plastic optical fiber, an optical fiber fixing clamp, a plastic optical fiber probe with a spiral structure, a photoelectric detector and a data acquisition and processing system; one end of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber is connected with the light source, the other end of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber is connected with the photoelectric detector, two arms of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber are fixed by the fixing clamp to ensure that the two arms are parallel, and the spiral-structure plastic optical fiber probe is prepared based on the U-shaped plastic optical fiber. The liquid level measuring range of the plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor with the spiral structure is 0-30 mm. The plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor with the spiral structure has the characteristics of simple preparation process, compact structure and lower cost. The modulation mode of the sensor is intensity modulation, so that the remote operation is easy, continuous liquid level measurement can be performed, and the resolution ratio is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensors, and particularly relates to a plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor with a spiral structure.
Background
Liquid level measurement has a wide demand in the fields of flood monitoring, petroleum fuel storage, chemical production, environmental protection, national defense industry and the like. Currently, liquid level sensors based on various principles are available. There are various measuring methods such as mechanical float type, magnetostriction type, capacitance type, resistance type, ultrasonic type, radar type, and optical fiber type. Compared with other measuring modes, the optical fiber liquid level sensor has the unique advantages of no electricity detection, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, remote operation and the like, and can provide a safe and reliable measuring scheme for liquid detection such as flammability, explosiveness, strong corrosivity and the like.
Currently common fiber optic liquid level sensors can be broadly divided into two categories: 1) a continuous liquid level measurement type; 2) discrete level measurement type. Most of continuous liquid level measurement optical fiber sensors are based on single-mode quartz optical fibers and wavelength modulation schemes, although the precision is high, the preparation process of a sensing probe is complex, an expensive and heavy spectrometer is needed for measurement, and the requirements of low price and convenience in measurement in the market are not met. In order to achieve the purpose of liquid level measurement with simple structure and low price, a discrete liquid level measurement optical fiber sensor based on multimode plastic optical fiber and an intensity modulation scheme is widely researched. Such as a plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor based on a runway spiral structure (e.g. Ning. J, et al. A liquid level sensor based on a raw-track cementitious optical fiber [ J ]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2017,29(1): 158-; a micro-pore based plastic fiber optic liquid level sensor (Jaehee. P, ethyl. plastic optical fiber sensor based on-fiber microholes for level measurement [ J ]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2015,54:028002), measuring range 50cm, resolution 5 cm; a plastic optical fiber liquid level Sensor based on a V-groove structure (C.X.Teng, et al.liquid level Sensor based on a V-groove structural optical fiber [ J ]. Sensor,2018,18(9):3111), the measurement range is 20mm, and the resolution is 2.5 mm.
However, the liquid level sensor is mostly used for multi-point measurement, and the distance between adjacent measurement points is limited, so that the resolution is low (generally larger than 1mm), and the requirement of high-precision liquid level measurement cannot be met. Therefore, the plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor which is simple in structure, low in price, high in resolution and capable of continuously measuring the liquid level is designed to have important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor which is simple in preparation process, low in cost, high in resolution and capable of continuously measuring liquid level.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid level sensor provided by the invention is composed of a light source 1, a U-shaped plastic optical fiber 2, an optical fiber fixing clamp 3, a plastic optical fiber probe 4 with a spiral structure, a photoelectric detector 5 and a data acquisition and processing system 6; one end of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber 2 is connected with the light source 1, the other end of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber is connected with the photoelectric detector 5, two arms of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber 2 are fixed by the fixing clamp 3 to ensure that the two arms are parallel, and the spiral-structure plastic optical fiber probe 4 is prepared based on the U-shaped plastic optical fiber 2.
The preparation steps of the plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the spiral structure are as follows:
step 1: firstly, a bare plastic optical fiber 7 with the diameter of 1-2 mm is axially clamped between an upper rectangular metal mold 8 and a lower rectangular metal mold 8 which are smooth in surface and 80-90 ℃, and the length of the rectangular metal mold 8 along the axial direction of the bare plastic optical fiber 7 is 15-30 mm; then, simultaneously applying pressure perpendicular to the axial direction of the optical fiber to the upper rectangular metal mold and the lower rectangular metal mold, and under the action of the pressure, enabling the bare plastic optical fiber 7 to deform, so that the bare plastic optical fiber 7 with the cylindrical structure forms a flat-structure plastic optical fiber 9 with the thickness of 500-800 mu m in a pressing area;
step 2: clamping two ends of a cylindrical structure of the plastic optical fiber 9 with the flat structure by using an optical fiber rotating clamp 10, placing the cylindrical structure at a position 1-2 mm above a rectangular metal block 11 with the temperature of 100-120 ℃ (the length of the rectangular metal block 11 is the same as that of the plastic optical fiber 9 with the flat structure, and the width of the rectangular metal block is larger than the diameter of the bare plastic optical fiber 7), simultaneously twisting two ends of the plastic optical fiber 9 with the flat structure by 180-720 degrees in opposite directions through the optical fiber rotating clamp 10, keeping the state for 10-20 seconds, removing the rectangular metal block 11, and naturally cooling the optical fiber to the room temperature to obtain the bare plastic optical fiber 7 with the stable plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the spiral structure;
and step 3: the U-shaped plastic optical fiber 2 is prepared by winding the middle position of a bare plastic optical fiber 7 with a spiral structure plastic optical fiber probe 4 on a cylindrical metal rod 12 with the radius of 1-3 mm and the temperature of 100-110 ℃, and taking down the bare plastic optical fiber 7 after the cylindrical metal rod 12 is naturally cooled to the room temperature, and the purpose is as follows:
1) the light source 1 and the photoelectric detector 5 are ensured to be positioned at the same side and adjacent to each other, so that the sensor structure is more compact;
2) the plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the spiral structure can be deeply inserted into a small hole or a narrower space for measurement.
It should be noted that: the radius of curvature of the U-shaped plastic fiber 2 is not an important parameter because the level of the liquid is measured only by the length of the plastic fiber probe 4 with the helical structure immersed in the liquid.
According to the invention, the plastic optical fiber 9 with the flat structure and different thicknesses can be obtained by changing the stress applied to the rectangular metal mold 8; changing the torsion angle to obtain the plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the helical structure with different screw pitches; the U-shaped plastic optical fiber 2 with different curvature radius can be obtained by replacing the cylindrical metal rod 12 with different radius.
The light source 1 is a semiconductor laser with the central wavelength of 635 nm; the bare plastic optical fiber 7 is a commercial multimode plastic optical fiber, the diameter of the optical fiber is 1-2 mm, the thickness of a cladding is 10 mu m, and the numerical aperture is 0.5.
The length of the spiral-structure plastic optical fiber probe 4 is 15-30 mm (in the twisting process, the distance between the two optical fiber rotating clamps 10 is kept unchanged, so that the length of the prepared spiral-structure plastic optical fiber probe 4 is the same as that of the flat-structure plastic optical fiber 9), the spiral thickness is 500-800 mu m, and the thread pitch is 2-5 mm.
The curvature radius of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber 2 is 1-3 mm.
The working principle of the plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor with the spiral structure is as follows: because the commercial plastic optical fiber is a multimode optical fiber, the periodic spiral structure is similar to a grating, and the internal refractive index of the optical fiber can be caused to be periodically changed, so that the core mode, the cladding mode and the radiation mode which are transmitted in the optical fiber are coupled, and the loss of transmitted light energy is generated. The liquid level changes to cause the refractive index around the sensing probe to change, so that the transmission light loss changes, and the information of the measured liquid level can be acquired by monitoring the transmittance of the sensor.
The plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor with the spiral structure has the advantages that: the preparation process is simple, the structure is compact, and the cost is low; the modulation mode is intensity modulation, and remote operation is easy; continuous liquid level measurement can be carried out; the resolution is high.
The liquid level measuring range of the plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor with the spiral structure is 0-30 mm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor with a spiral structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a step 1 of manufacturing a plastic optical fiber with a flat structure according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic view of manufacturing a plastic optical fiber with a flat structure by a hot pressing method, and (b) is a schematic view of manufacturing a plastic optical fiber with a flat structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing step 2 of the plastic optical fiber probe with a helical structure according to the present invention, and FIG. (a) is a schematic diagram of a plastic optical fiber probe with a helical structure manufactured by a twisting method and a heat setting method; FIG. (b) is a schematic view of a plastic fiber probe with a spiral structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a U-shaped plastic optical fiber;
FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the liquid level and the transmittance and a fitted curve obtained by the present sensor, wherein (a) shows the relationship between the transmittance and the liquid level, and (b) shows a least-squares fitted curve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, it should be understood that the specific embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and all equivalents of the embodiments which are substantially the same or similar are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: the level measurement is performed with deionized water as an example.
As shown in figure 1, the plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor with the spiral structure mainly comprises a light source 1, a U-shaped plastic optical fiber 2, an optical fiber fixing clamp 3, a plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the spiral structure, a photoelectric detector 5 and a data acquisition and processing system 6. One arm of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber 2 without the plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the spiral structure is connected with the light source 1, the other arm of the plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the spiral structure is connected with the photoelectric detector 5, and the two arms are simultaneously fixed by the fixing clamp 3 to ensure that the two arms are parallel.
The preparation steps of the plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the spiral structure in the embodiment are as follows:
step 1: firstly, clamping a bare plastic optical fiber 7 with the diameter of 1mm between an upper rectangular metal mold 8 and a lower rectangular metal mold 8 which have smooth surfaces and are at the temperature of 80 ℃ along the axial direction, wherein the length of the rectangular metal mold 8 along the axial direction of the bare plastic optical fiber 7 is 30 mm; then, simultaneously applying pressure perpendicular to the axial direction of the optical fiber to the upper rectangular metal mold and the lower rectangular metal mold, and under the action of the pressure, enabling the bare plastic optical fiber 7 to deform, so that the bare plastic optical fiber 7 with the cylindrical structure forms a flat structure plastic optical fiber 9 with the thickness of 600 mu m in a pressing area;
step 2: clamping two ends of a cylindrical structure of the plastic optical fiber 9 with the flat structure by using an optical fiber rotary clamp 10, placing the cylindrical structure at a position 1mm above a rectangular metal block 11 with the temperature of 120 ℃ (the length of the rectangular metal block 11 is the same as that of the plastic optical fiber 9 with the flat structure, and the width of the rectangular metal block is larger than the diameter of the bare plastic optical fiber 7), simultaneously twisting two ends of the plastic optical fiber 9 with the flat structure by 360 degrees in opposite directions through the optical fiber rotary clamp 10, keeping the state for 15 seconds, removing the rectangular metal block 11, and naturally cooling the optical fiber to the room temperature to obtain the bare plastic optical fiber 7 with the stable plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the spiral structure;
the U-shaped plastic optical fiber 2 is prepared by winding the middle position of a bare plastic optical fiber 7 with a spiral structure plastic optical fiber probe 4 on a cylindrical metal rod 12 with the radius of 2mm and the temperature of 100 ℃, and taking down the bare plastic optical fiber 7 after the cylindrical metal rod 12 is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
When the probe is used, light generated by the light source 1 reaches the plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the spiral structure through the U-shaped plastic optical fiber 2, and when the probe is immersed into a liquid to be detected, the refractive index of a medium contacted with the probe is changed (changed from air to water), so that the output optical power is changed. When the liquid level changes, the photoelectric detector 5 converts the changed output light power through A/D and transmits the data to the data acquisition and processing system 6, and the measured liquid level information can be obtained through analysis and calculation.
Since the spiral structure is continuously variable, continuous measurement of the liquid level can be performed.
In this embodiment, the length of the spiral optical fiber illustrated in fig. 3 is the same as the length of the flat optical fiber illustrated in fig. 2, and the spiral thickness illustrated in fig. 3 is the thickness of the flat optical fiber illustrated in fig. 2.
The structural parameters of the plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the spiral structure in the present embodiment are (refer to fig. 3): the helical fiber length L is 20mm, the pitch p is 5mm, and the helix thickness t is 600 μm, where the relationship of the pitch p to the helical fiber length L and the twist angle θ can be expressed as:
the prepared plastic optical fiber probe 4 with the spiral structure is used for testing the rising and the falling of the liquid level of the deionized water, and the obtained change rule of the transmittance T and the liquid level h of the sensor is shown in figure 5 (a). The expression of the transmittance T is:
the reference liquid level is set to be the lowest position P of the spiral structure plastic optical fiber probe 4 shown in figure 10Sensor output power at reference level, PhThe output power of the sensor is the liquid level depth h. As can be seen from fig. 5(a), the transmittance of the sensor decreases with increasing liquid level and increases with decreasing liquid level.
As can also be seen from FIG. 5(b), the sensors have good linear responses within the ranges of 0-10 mm and 10-17 mm of the liquid level respectively, and the relationship between the transmittance T and the liquid level h is obtained by performing linear fitting on the sensors by using a least square method:
according to the formula (3), the corresponding liquid level depth h can be obtained by only knowing the transmittance T of the sensor when the liquid level of the probe is h.
The sensitivity S and the resolution R are two important parameters for representing the performance of the sensor, and the expressions are respectively as follows:
wherein Δ T and Δ h are respectively the amount of change, σ, in transmittance and liquid levelaThe relative standard deviation of ten measurements was taken for a sensor measuring a blank sample (air). As shown in FIG. 5(b), the sensitivity and resolution of the sensor in the liquid level range of 0-10 mm and 10-17 mm calculated according to the formulas (2) and (3) are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: sensor performance parameters
As can be seen from Table 1, the sensor in this embodiment has a resolution of less than 0.3mm, which can satisfy the requirement of high-precision measurement of the liquid level. The structural parameters of the probe can be optimized subsequently, so that the measuring range, the sensitivity and the resolution of the sensor are further improved. In addition, the sensor has potential application value in the aspects of liquid level alarm, liquid level switch, liquid level dynamic monitoring and the like.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a helical structure plastic fiber level sensor which characterized in that: the device comprises a light source (1), a U-shaped plastic optical fiber (2), an optical fiber fixing clamp (3), a plastic optical fiber probe (4) with a spiral structure, a photoelectric detector (5) and a data acquisition and processing system (6); one end of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber (2) is connected with the light source (1), the other end of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber is connected with the photoelectric detector (5), and two arms of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber (2) are fixed by the optical fiber fixing clamp (3) to ensure that the two arms are parallel; the spiral-structure plastic optical fiber probe (4) is prepared on the basis of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber (2) and comprises the following preparation steps,
step 1, firstly, clamping a bare plastic optical fiber (7) with the diameter of 1-2 mm between an upper rectangular metal mold (8) and a lower rectangular metal mold (8) which are smooth in surface and 80-90 ℃ along the axial direction, wherein the length of the rectangular metal mold (8) along the axial direction of the bare plastic optical fiber (7) is 15-30 mm; then, simultaneously applying pressure perpendicular to the axial direction of the optical fiber to the upper rectangular metal mold and the lower rectangular metal mold, and under the action of the pressure, enabling the bare plastic optical fiber (7) to deform, so that the bare plastic optical fiber (7) with the cylindrical structure forms a flat structure plastic optical fiber (9) with the thickness of 500-800 mu m in a pressing area; the bare plastic optical fiber (7) is a commercial multimode plastic optical fiber, the diameter of the optical fiber is 1-2 mm, the thickness of a cladding is 10 mu m, and the numerical aperture is 0.5;
step 2, clamping two ends of a cylindrical structure of the plastic optical fiber (9) with a flat structure by using an optical fiber rotary clamp (10), and placing the plastic optical fiber at a position 1-2 mm above a rectangular metal block (11) with the temperature of 100-120 ℃; the length of the rectangular metal block (11) is the same as that of the plastic optical fiber (9) with the flat structure, and the width of the rectangular metal block is larger than the diameter of the bare plastic optical fiber (7); then, twisting the two ends of the plastic optical fiber (9) with the flat structure by 180-720 degrees in opposite directions through an optical fiber rotary clamp (10), keeping the state for 10-20 seconds, removing the rectangular metal block (11), and naturally cooling the optical fiber to room temperature to obtain the bare plastic optical fiber (7) with the stable plastic optical fiber probe (4) with the spiral structure;
and 3, winding the middle position of the bare plastic optical fiber (7) with the plastic optical fiber probe (4) with the spiral structure on a cylindrical metal rod (12) with the radius of 1-3 mm and the temperature of 100-110 ℃, and taking down the bare plastic optical fiber (7) after the cylindrical metal rod (12) is naturally cooled to the room temperature, thereby obtaining the U-shaped plastic optical fiber (2) with the plastic optical fiber probe (4) with the spiral structure.
2. The spiral structured plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the length of the spiral structure plastic optical fiber probe (4) is 15-30 mm, the spiral thickness is 500-800 mu m, and the thread pitch is 2-5 mm.
3. The spiral structured plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the curvature radius of the U-shaped plastic optical fiber (2) is 1-3 mm.
4. The spiral structured plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the light source (1) selects a semiconductor laser with the central wavelength of 635 nm.
5. The spiral structured plastic optical fiber liquid level sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the liquid level range of the liquid to be measured is 0-30 mm.
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| ES2139782T3 (en) * | 1994-07-06 | 2000-02-16 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd | FIBER OPTIC CABLE. |
| JP2000344968A (en) * | 1999-06-03 | 2000-12-12 | Ube Ind Ltd | Polyolefin composition and spacer which use the same and is used for optical fiber cable |
| CN1271769C (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2006-08-23 | 上海交通大学 | Optical cable stripping machine |
| GB2440729A (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2008-02-13 | Milliken & Co | Surface converings and related methods |
| CN106526741A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-03-22 | 南京理工大学 | Device for manufacturing spiral core long-period fiber grating |
| CN109734300A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-05-10 | 吉林大学 | A kind of preparation method of screw conic fibre optic interferometer |
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