CN110146923A - A kind of efficient high accuracy depth domain methods of seismic wavelet extraction - Google Patents
A kind of efficient high accuracy depth domain methods of seismic wavelet extraction Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of efficient high accuracy depth domain methods of seismic wavelet extraction.This method can accurately extract Depth Domain seismic wavelet in shorter depth window in constant velocity Depth Domain, meet the stationary hypothesis condition of convolution theory.This method can not only reduce the high frequency noise effect in well logging information by using shorter depth window and restriction matrix, can also reduce the data volume for participating in operation, to reduce the demand to calculator memory, shorten and calculate the time, improve computational efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil seismic exploration fields, are related to one kind and quick and precisely extract depth in Depth Domain seismic data
The method of domain seismic wavelet.
Background technique
In recent years, have benefited from the development of computer technology, the depth migration imaging technology of seismic data is surveyed in petroleum seismic
Spy obtains large-scale application in field.Depth migration imaging is a kind of construction inversion method.Compared to time migration imaging results,
Depth migration imaging result is more accurate in terms of definitely descending complicated structure.Therefore, people are used for reservoir description to others
Inversion in depth domain method, such as Impedance Inversion, elastic parameter inversion etc. demand it is more and more.Depth Domain seismic wavelet is very
The result of inversion in depth domain is controlled in big degree.Therefore, it is crucial for accurately extracting Depth Domain seismic wavelet.However, Depth Domain
The waveform of seismic wavelet changes when to underground propagation with the variation of medium velocity, has very strong non-stationary.This is allowed for
The extraction of Depth Domain seismic wavelet is easy unlike in time-domain.Domestic some scholars have done many explorations in this respect,
In a limited space in range, by speed replacement method, by the change of medium for containing different interval velocities in Depth Domain at containing
The medium of identical interval velocity.It is this to be known as constant velocity depth domain space by the replaced depth domain space of speed.In constant velocity
Depth domain space, the waveform of Depth Domain seismic wavelet are able to maintain stabilization, therefore can satisfy " linearly invariant " of convolution model
Assumed condition eliminates non-stationary influence.On this basis, we can be based on convolution model with carrying out constant velocity Depth Domain
Shake wavelet extraction.
But the sampling interval of Depth Domain seismic data is more much smaller than the time-domain sampling interval.For example, in well logging
In, depth sampling interval will be usually 0.1 meter or 0.15 meter, right if the spread speed of seismic wave is 3000 meter per seconds
The time sampling interval answered is about 0.033 millisecond or 0.05 millisecond, and normal high resolution sample rate is only 1 millisecond.Therefore, exist
It needs to handle a large amount of data during Depth Domain seismic wavelet extraction, occupies a large amount of calculator memory resource.Although nowadays
Calculator memory can satisfy these demands, but performing mathematical calculations to big matrix is a time-consuming job, such as square
It is not simple linear relationship with matrix size but has exponent relation the time required to the inversion operation of battle array.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art, it is quickly quasi- in Depth Domain seismic data to provide one kind
The new method for really extracting Depth Domain seismic wavelet, the method includes following key steps:
(1) a velocity amplitude is given, and velocity transformation is carried out according to the speed, respectively remembers earthquake by log data and well
Record is mapped to constant velocity Depth Domain from Depth Domain；
(2), using the density and velocity of longitudinal wave information in constant velocity Depth Domain log data, it is anti-that constant velocity Depth Domain is calculated
Penetrate coefficient r；
(3) according to the sampling number M of seismic wavelet, an integer value a is given, selectes one for seismic wavelet extraction
Depth window, length of window N=aM；
(4) with the constant velocity Depth Domain reflection coefficient r in depth windowwConstruct the reflection coefficient with Toeplitz structure
The size of matrix R, matrix R are N × N；
(5) restriction matrix P is constructed according to the following formula:
In formula, the size of matrix P is N × M；
Give primary earthquake wavelet w, give initial coefficients matrix Φ, given threshold value ε, wherein coefficient matrix Φ just like
Flowering structure:
Φ=diag [φ1 φ2 … φi … φN],
Wherein, diag [] indicates diagonal matrix symbol, φiIt is i-th of diagonal element in coefficient matrix Φ；
(7) constant velocity Depth Domain synthetic seismogram is obtained according to the following formula
Wherein, Rp=RP；
(8) synthetic seismogram is calculatedWith the residual absolute value η of constant velocity Depth Domain borehole-side seismic data s:
If the L of η2Norm is less than or equal to termination condition, exports final seismic wavelet, terminates circulation；If the L of η2
Norm is greater than termination condition, then needs to update coefficient matrix according to the following formula:
Wherein, ηiIt is i-th of element in residual vector η；
Meanwhile it also needing to update seismic wavelet according to the following formula:
Wherein, the transposition operation of T representing matrix；
If (9) reaching the cycle-index of setting, circulation is terminated, otherwise (7) back to step.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the one-dimensional forward model of the embodiment of the present invention.Wherein, Fig. 1 (a) is close in the practical logging data of somewhere
Log is spent, abscissa is density, and unit is gram/cc, and ordinate is depth, and unit is rice, and depth is from 3550
Rice~3975 meters.Fig. 1 (b) is velocity of longitudinal wave log, and abscissa is speed, and unit is thousand meter per seconds, and ordinate is deep
Degree, unit is rice.Fig. 1 (c) is the reflection coefficient gone out according to figure well logging density and velocity o P wave of logging well, and ordinate is deep
Degree, unit is rice.Fig. 1 (d) is the reflection coefficient for transforming to constant velocity Depth Domain, and the velocity amplitude for constant velocity transformation is 3000
Meter per second, ordinate are constant velocity depth, and unit is rice.Fig. 1 (e) is shown in reflection coefficient and Fig. 1 (f) with Fig. 1 (d)
The synthesis of constant velocity Depth Domain seismic wavelet convolution constant velocity Depth Domain earthquake record, ordinate is constant velocity depth, single
Position is rice.Data in Fig. 1 (c) and Fig. 1 (d) in black dotted lines rectangle frame are used for seismic wavelet extraction.Fig. 1 (e) is constant velocity
Constant velocity Depth Domain Ricker wavelet when for 3000 meter per second, corresponding time-domain Ricker wavelet dominant frequency are 43 hertz, are indulged
Coordinate is length, and unit is rice.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention, and the knot of constant velocity Depth Domain seismic wavelet extraction is carried out to forward model shown in FIG. 1
Fruit.Wherein, black line is known Ricker wavelet, and grey lines are the seismic wavelet extracted, and abscissa is length, and unit is
Rice, ordinate is amplitude.
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention, carries out constant velocity depth using the practical logging data and seismic data of certain work area A well
The result of domain seismic wavelet extraction.Wherein, Fig. 3 (a) is the calculated reflection coefficient of log data according to A well, and ordinate is
Depth, unit are rice, and depth is from 3435 meters~3845 meters.Fig. 3 (b) be the corresponding borehole-side seismic data trace gather (black) of A well with
The comparison of the Depth Domain synthetic seismogram (grey, arrow instruction) made using the seismic wavelet of extraction, ordinate is depth,
Unit is rice.Fig. 3 (c) and 3 (d) is the reflection coefficient and borehole-side seismic data trace gather (its for transforming to constant velocity Depth Domain respectively
In, the borehole-side seismic data for seismic wavelet extraction is grey, arrow instruction), the velocity amplitude for constant velocity transformation is
3000 meter per seconds, ordinate are constant velocity depth, and unit is rice.Using in black dotted lines rectangle frame in Fig. 3 (c) and Fig. 3 (d)
Data extract seismic wavelet.Fig. 3 (e) is the constant velocity Depth Domain seismic wavelet extracted, and ordinate is length, and unit is rice.
Specific embodiment
(1) a velocity amplitude is given, and velocity transformation is carried out according to the speed, respectively remembers earthquake by log data and well
Record is mapped to constant velocity Depth Domain from Depth Domain；
(2), using the density p and velocity of longitudinal wave v information in constant velocity Depth Domain log data, constant velocity is calculated according to the following formula
Depth Domain reflection coefficient r:
(3) the earthquake of constant velocity Depth Domain is estimated according to the wave-number spectrum of constant velocity Depth Domain earthquake record or by trial-and-error method
The sampling number M of wavelet；The sampling number of seismic wavelet can be calculated multiplied by the depth sampling interval in constant velocity Depth Domain
The length of seismic wavelet；
(4) according to the sampling number M of seismic wavelet, an integer value a is given, selectes one for seismic wavelet extraction
Depth window, length of window N=aM；Given integer value a needs to meet: a >=3 and aM≤L, wherein L is constant velocity depth
Total sampling number of the reflection coefficient r in domain；
(5) with the constant velocity Depth Domain reflection coefficient r in depth windowwConstruct the reflection coefficient with Toeplitz structure
The size of matrix R, matrix R are N × N；
(6) restriction matrix P is constructed according to the following formula:
In formula, the size of matrix P is N × M；
(7) primary earthquake wavelet w is determined using least square method:
In formula, Rp=RP,The broad sense inverse operation of representing matrix；
Given threshold value ε and initial coefficients matrix Φ:
(8) constant velocity Depth Domain synthetic seismogram is obtained according to the following formula
(9) synthetic seismogram is calculatedWith the residual absolute value η of constant velocity Depth Domain borehole-side seismic data s:
If the L of η2Norm is less than or equal to termination condition, exports final seismic wavelet, terminates circulation；If the L of η2
Norm is greater than termination condition, then needs to update coefficient matrix according to the following formula:
Wherein, φiIt is i-th of diagonal element in coefficient matrix Φ；ηiIt is i-th of element in residual vector η；
Meanwhile it also needing to update seismic wavelet according to the following formula:
Wherein, the transposition operation of T representing matrix；
If (10) reaching the cycle-index of setting, circulation is terminated, otherwise (8) back to step.
In one-dimensional forward model shown in FIG. 1, the sampling number of constant velocity Depth Domain reflection coefficient r is L=3176, constant speed
The sampling number for spending Depth Domain Ricker wavelet is M=681, given integer value a=3, deep shown in black dotted lines rectangle frame
Degree length of window is aM=N=2043；
Fig. 2 is given threshold value ε=0.0001, termination condition 0.0001, when the cycle-index set is 50, to Fig. 1 institute
The forward model that shows carry out constant velocity Depth Domain seismic wavelet extraction results, it can be seen that being extracted using the embodiment of the present invention
Seismic wavelet it is consistent with known seismic wavelet.
In real data shown in Fig. 3, the sampling number of constant velocity Depth Domain reflection coefficient r is L=2394, and constant velocity is deep
The sampling number for spending domain Ricker wavelet is M=437, given integer value a=4, depth window shown in black dotted lines rectangle frame
Mouth length is aM=N=1748；Given threshold value ε=0.00001, termination condition 0.0001, the cycle-index set is 100
When, shown in result such as Fig. 3 (e) of constant velocity Depth Domain seismic wavelet extraction.The conjunction made of constant velocity Depth Domain seismic wavelet
(grey, arrow refer to earthquake record in the Depth Domain synthetic seismogram obtained after inverse transformation at earthquake record such as Fig. 3 (b)
Show), it can be seen that utilize the Depth Domain synthetic seismogram and well side depth of the seismic wavelet production that the embodiment of the present invention is extracted
Domain earthquake record is coincide preferably, and the related coefficient of the two is 0.85.
The present invention has the advantages that (1) can be realized in constant velocity Depth Domain with the data in shorter depth window
The accurate extraction of Depth Domain seismic wavelet meets the stationary hypothesis condition of convolution theory；(2) by utilizing shorter depth window
With restriction matrix P, the influence of well logging information high-frequency noises can be not only reduced, the data volume for participating in operation can also be reduced
(such as the size for reducing reflection coefficient matrix R) shortens to reduce the demand to calculator memory and calculates the time, improves meter
Calculate efficiency.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, and wherein each implementation steps etc. of method are all that can be varied
, all equivalents and improvement carried out based on the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded in protection of the invention
Except range.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of efficient high accuracy depth domain methods of seismic wavelet extraction, mainly comprises the steps that
(1) give a velocity amplitude, and velocity transformation carried out according to the speed, respectively by log data and borehole-side seismic data from
Depth Domain is mapped to constant velocity Depth Domain；
(2), using the density and velocity of longitudinal wave information in constant velocity Depth Domain log data, constant velocity Depth Domain reflection system is calculated
Number r；
(3) constant velocity Depth Domain seismic wavelet is extracted using the reflection coefficient r and borehole-side seismic data s of constant velocity Depth Domain；Its
In, the step (3) in, extract constant velocity Depth Domain seismic wavelet carry out as follows:
(a) according to the sampling number M of seismic wavelet, an integer value a is given, selectes the depth for being used for seismic wavelet extraction
Window, length of window N=aM；Given integer value a needs to meet: a >=3 and aM≤L, wherein L is constant velocity Depth Domain
Total sampling number of reflection coefficient r；
(b) with the constant velocity Depth Domain reflection coefficient r in depth windowwConstruct the reflection coefficient matrix with Toeplitz structure
The size of R, matrix R are N × N；
(c) restriction matrix P is constructed according to the following formula:
In formula, the size of matrix P is N × M；
(d) primary earthquake wavelet w, threshold epsilon and initial coefficients matrix Φ are given, wherein coefficient matrix Φ is just like flowering structure:
Φ=diag [φ1 φ2 … φi … φN],
Wherein, diag [] indicates diagonal matrix symbol, φiIt is i-th of diagonal element in coefficient matrix Φ；
(e) constant velocity Depth Domain synthetic seismogram is obtained according to the following formula
In formula, Rp=RP；
(f) synthetic seismogram is calculatedWith the residual absolute value η of constant velocity Depth Domain borehole-side seismic data s:
If the L of η2Norm is less than or equal to termination condition, exports final seismic wavelet, terminates circulation；If the L of η2Norm
Greater than termination condition, then need to update coefficient matrix according to the following formula:
Wherein, ηiIt is i-th of element in residual vector η；
Meanwhile it also needing to update seismic wavelet according to the following formula:
Wherein, the transposition operation of T representing matrix；
If (g) reaching the cycle-index of setting, circulation is terminated, otherwise returns to step (e).
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Cited By (3)
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| CN111708081A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-25 | 成都理工大学 | Depth domain seismic record synthesis method considering attenuation frequency dispersion |
| CN111708083A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-25 | 成都理工大学 | Depth domain seismic wavelet extraction method based on model |
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| CN111708083A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-25 | 成都理工大学 | Depth domain seismic wavelet extraction method based on model |
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