CN110146551A - A kind of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant emergency caliberating device and method - Google Patents
A kind of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant emergency caliberating device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110146551A CN110146551A CN201910534750.XA CN201910534750A CN110146551A CN 110146551 A CN110146551 A CN 110146551A CN 201910534750 A CN201910534750 A CN 201910534750A CN 110146551 A CN110146551 A CN 110146551A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant emergency caliberating device and methods, it include: upstream water tank and downstream back pool, nonmetallic sink is connected between upstream water tank and downstream back pool, and device on the rocks is arranged successively in sink, at least two places measuring table, the dankness type shelves slab of radars；Measuring table includes: radar platform that is parallel with the water surface and can moving up and down, and radar platform is arranged right below the horizontal gauze that can be gone up and down.The rapid physical that the present invention establishes simulation floating ice experiment in the lab by hydrodynamic conditions, riverbed boundary condition and the upstream to ice berg ice dam section come conditions such as ice emulates, the basic datas such as corresponding ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant are provided in two hours, the THICKNESS CALCULATION of ice berg ice dam after carrying out in-site measurement for unmanned plane, for the resolution for ice berg ice dam of quickly handling it, to reduce casualty loss caused by ice berg ice dam to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant emergency caliberating device and methods, are that one kind is taken precautions against natural calamities
The emergency experimental apparatus for testing and method of mitigation are a kind of rivers simulated in a manner of physical simulation and disaster region will occur
Device and method of the upper ice berg ice dam to demarcate dielectric constant.
Background technique
After entering the winter, temperature is reduced, and water body loss of heat when water temperature is down to 0 DEG C or less, will generate frost flower, in turn in river
There is floating ice.Floating ice is influenced mutually accumulate to form ice sheet by flow condition, orographic condition and wind direction etc..When water velocity is smaller
When, ice sheet thickness mainly by the control of single stream ice thickness, freeze mutually by floating ice sequence arrangement, forms " flat envelope "；Work as water flow velocity
When degree is big or orographic condition is suitable, floating ice circles round or slips into the biggish ice sheet of ice cover front edge thickness formed below, and ice face pole is not
It is smooth, form " vertical envelope ".The raw process for disappearing, developing and developing of above-mentioned ice slush, will lead to the reduction of river discharge capacity, in river
River conjunction, anxious unhurried current has a common boundary or the narrow section of the unexpected beam of river cross-section is then easily formed ice berg, ice dam etc., causes ice jamflood.
Northern China river is located in high latitude area, and winter all has various ice slushes, causes damages often.Such as, I
The Yellow River of state, almost annual to endanger with the presence of ice flood, the anti-icing mitigation before the 1960s works mainly by dyke, manually
The measures such as ice, explosion, aircraft bombing, shell are played, as Sanmenxia Water Control Project and Liujiaxia Hydropower Station investment use, in reservoir
Pondage capacity under, the ice flood of the Yellow River harm considerably reduces, but the ice flood problem of the Yellow River Ningmeng irrigation area is still unresolved at present.It is yellow
River Ningmeng irrigation area overall length about 1217km, period of freezing winter in winter, generally in 800km, longest reached freeze-up length about at 120 days
1200km, Ningmeng irrigation area has in 60 years of 1951 ~ 2010 years has occurred ice flood dyke breaking disaster for 13 years, average less than 5 years
Once.It is Heilungkiang that the other ice flood in China, which endangers serious river, and Heilungkiang is located between 47~53 degree of north latitude, and winter is flat
160~180 days freeze-up, freeze-up length is generally by upstream Mohe County Luo Guhecun to Sunwu County hada along village, and about 1004 kilometers,
Frequent occurrence ice berg, at ice dam location about 22.Heilungkiang has 26 years serious ice flood occurred in 98 years of 1916 ~ 2014 years
Disaster, common ice dam length also reach 10 ~ 20km, longest formed up to 30 ~ 50km, ice dam after the height of swell be generally 6 ~
8m reaches as high as 13m.Nearest 2009 and 2010, direct economic loss caused by the ice dam of Heilungkiang just reached 1335
With 67,720,000 yuan.In addition, the WTYQ project, the diversion of water from the Yellow River to Tianjin, Route in water delivery engineering exist ice berg,
The problems such as ice dam, influences the safety water supply in winter.As during 2010 diversion of water from the Yellow River to Tianjin winter water deliverys, Xiao Wang village pumping station is stifled due to ice
Trash rack blocks water flow, causes whole units by forced-stopping machine.On January 29th, 2008 draws Huang Jidian and wear and defend multi-purpose project, in short-term
It is interior to form ice dam in inverted-siphon entrance, cause inverted-siphon to block, causes ice berg dangerous situation.
The forming process of ice berg ice dam is very fast, and can cause in a short time the substantial increase of water level (such as
North Red River, Heilungkiang in 2010 section ice dam, 30 points of time river water level has gone up 7.0m or more within 4 hours), in turn result in unrestrained dike
Or the dangerous situation that inrushes, it is necessary to take quick counter-measure.And understanding the thickness distribution of ice berg ice dam and the value of the subglacial depth of water is section
The prerequisite of reply is learned, and improves ice berg ice dam and abolishes efficiency and shorten the key link for abolishing the time.But due to ice
Plug ice dam has the characteristics that more gaps, irregular, structural strength is unstable, so that artificial ice face punching measurement is difficult,
It is even in peril of one's life, and the continuous dozens of kilometres of ice berg ice dam length that part is large-scale, thickness is more than 3m or more, by manually beating
A possibility that hole measurement, is even more almost nil.
With the development of Radar Technology, the technology that radar non-contact measures ice berg ice dam is increasingly mature, can use nothing
The mode aerial survety ice berg ice dam of man-machine carry radar, but its measurement accuracy is by ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant
Influence is very big, as dielectric constant improper use can cause very big error to measurement.How fast and accurately determination is likely to occur
The dielectric constant of ice berg ice dam on the condition of a disaster river becomes the important topic that can successfully resist disaster.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of ice berg ice dams and subglacial water body dielectric constant to meet an urgent need
Calibration and installation method.The device and method are tried by quick emergency under the conditions of carrying out physical simulation in laboratory
It tests, the hydrodynamic conditions and process that simulation ice berg ice dam is formed, and then Fast Calibration goes out the accurate dielectric constant of ice berg ice dam,
Emergence measuring for field prototype river ice jam ice dam radar provides accurate basic data.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant are met an urgent need caliberating device,
The downstream back pool for including: the upstream water tank that can control experimental trough flow and water capable of being fed back to upstream water tank, institute
Nonmetallic sink is connected between the upstream water tank stated and downstream back pool, and device on the rocks, at least is arranged successively in the sink
The measuring table of two placement radars, dankness type shelves slab, the tail-gate for controlling experimental trough water level；The measuring table packet
Include: and the radar platform that can move up and down parallel with the water surface, the radar platform are arranged right below and horizontal can go up and down
Gauze.
Further, silt blender is additionally provided in the downstream back pool.
Further, the bottom of the sink is laid with the mixture of silt or cobble or silt and cobble.
Further, the radar platform is the plate of rectangle, and the plate and the lifting screw upwardly extended are solid
Fixed connection, the lifting screw are connect with by fixture nut with across the truss in the side board of sink two sides, the plate
Quadrangle is equipped with vertically to the guide rail extended under water, and the guide rail is equipped with the card slot extended along guide rail length direction, and two opposite
Guide rail card slot be embedded in and can be connect along the sliding controling rod that card slot slides up and down, the sliding controling rod with gauze.
Further, the dankness type shelves slab is orifice plate.
Further, it is 40% ~ 60% that the perforated area on the orifice plate, which accounts for the ratio of the gross area,.
Further, the hole on the orifice plate is square hole or circular hole.
Further, the diameter of the side length of the square hole or circular hole by 0.8 times of addition ice body average grain diameter.
Further, the cross sectional shape of the guide rail is arc-shaped.
A kind of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant emergency scaling method using above-mentioned apparatus, the step of the method
It is rapid as follows:
Step 1, it determines simulated environment: by history hydrographic data, the concrete condition of ice berg ice dam section clearly occurs, comprising:
The hydrodynamic conditions in river, riverbed situation, water body contain husky situation；
Step 2, sink is set: sink being arranged according to riverbed situation, for example sandy river is then laid with silt in bottom of gullet, and opens
With silt blender to simulate the defeated shifting of silt in water, for example shingle bed is then laid with cobble in bottom of gullet, to simulate river
Bed form and drag characteristic；
Step 3, measuring table is arranged: in the sink by multiple groups measuring table juxtaposition；
Step 4, hydrodynamic condition is set: the water level and stream in sink are controlled according to the hydrographic data of ice berg ice dam section locality
Amount, with the hydrodynamic conditions of simulating riverway；
Step 5, on the rocks: true ice being added by upstream by sink by ice feeder, simulates the forming process of ice berg ice dam；
Step 6, mobile gauze: by the mobile bottom gauze of sliding controling rod, so that the bottom of ice berg ice dam is more smooth, so as to
The measurement of ice berg ice dam thickness, and record the depth of waterH；
Step 7, it measures: opening the radar on measuring table, record the echo time of radart；
Step 8, it calculates: ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant is calculated and calibrated using formulaε:
Wherein: c is the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum.
The beneficial effect comprise that: the present invention passes through the hydrodynamic conditions to ice berg ice dam section, riverbed side
The rapid physical emulation that the conditions such as ice establish simulation floating ice experiment in the lab is carried out in boundary's condition and upstream, provides in two hours
The corresponding basic datas such as ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant, for the ice berg ice dam after unmanned plane progress in-site measurement
THICKNESS CALCULATION, for the resolution for ice berg ice dam of quickly handling it, to reduce casualty loss caused by ice berg ice dam to the greatest extent.
The present invention is not only mitigation service of reducing the menace of ice run, and can also push the further development of related discipline.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of one described device of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is measuring table schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention one, eight, is the A-A cross-sectional view in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is measuring table schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention eight, is the B-B cross-sectional view in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is guide rail cross sectional shape schematic diagram described in the embodiment of the present invention eight, nine, is the C point enlarged drawing in Fig. 3.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one:
The present embodiment is a kind of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant emergency caliberating device, as shown in Figure 1.The present embodiment packet
It includes: the upstream water tank 1 of experimental trough flow can be controlled and water can be fed back to the downstream back pool 2 of upstream water tank,
Nonmetallic sink 3 is connected between the upstream water tank and downstream back pool, be arranged successively in the sink device 4 on the rocks,
At least two place the measuring table 6, dankness type shelves slab 7, the tail-gate 8 for controlling experimental trough water level of radar 5.The measurement
Platform, comprising: and the radar platform 601 that can move up and down parallel with the water surface, the radar platform are arranged right below level
The gauze 602 that can be gone up and down, as shown in Figure 2.
The dielectric constant of pure ice body or ice body be it is constant, ice body and water body in general nature circle more or less mix
Conjunction has other impurities, therefore the dielectric constant of the ice body in nature, about 3 ~ 4, the dielectric constant of water body is about 78 ~ 82.Ice berg
The difficult point of ice dam measurement is that it is ice water admixture, since the dielectric constant difference of ice body and water body is larger, with
The dielectric constant of the difference of voidage, ice berg ice dam can change.
The present embodiment described device passes through hydrodynamic conditions, riverbed boundary condition, the silt item to ice berg ice dam section
The rapid physical emulation of ice condition etc. is carried out in part and upstream, basic to provide corresponding ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant etc.
Data are not only mitigation service of reducing the menace of ice run, can also push the further development of related discipline.
The present embodiment mainly includes upstream water tank, device on the rocks, sink, measuring table, ice apron, tail-gate, downstream back pool,
Form self-circulation system.
Upstream water tank usually has certain height, is the pond that can mention appropriate potential energy.
Downstream back pool also has the circulating water pipe of upstream cistern water supply, and water pump, stream are usually arranged on circulating water pipe
The groups such as meter, control valve, associated pipe.Water level regulation tail-gate is used to adjust the depth of water in experimental tank.Control valve and stream
Meter is for adjusting and reading flow.
Silt blender can also be set in the back pool of downstream, for stirring silt, so that silt is in suspended state, mould
Silt in quasi- heavily silt-carrying river (such as the Yellow River) moves past journey with the defeated of water body.
Device on the rocks is used to that true ice ice cube to be added in sink upstream, and ice is carried out in the upstream in simulating riverway.The size of ice cube can root
It is determined according to the size of simulation section floating ice by hydrodynamics similarity principle, the size of ice body input adjusts upstream by frequency converter
The speed of service of ice feeder controls, and for sink that ice apron is arranged, then speed on the rocks can be determined according to the convenience degree of test.
Dankness type ice apron is used to form ice berg ice dam.Dankness type ice apron can be the materials such as orifice plate either nonmetallic net
Material.Circular hole or square hole can be used in orifice plate, but opening diameter (square hole uses side length parameter) should control ice body average grain diameter be added
0.8 times, to prevent the defeated shifting of a large amount of small particle ice bodies downstream.For from the density degree of dankness type ice apron, aperture
The ratio that area accounts for the gross area should control between 40% ~ 60%.
The length of sink generally can achieve 20 meters, and cross sectional shape is rectangle, have certain depth, generally 1 meter of left side
It is right.Sink can be using the production of the nonmetallic materials such as glass, organic glass, glued board, to avoid the electromagnetic wave of interference radar.Water
The bottom of slot needs to be laid with silt and cobblestone according to detection.
Tail-gate is set on sink between dankness type shelves slab and downstream back pool, passes through the folding control sink of tail-gate
In water level.
Measuring table arranges the measuring section of ice berg ice dam in the sink, is used for radar surveying.Measuring table is same as sink
Width, multiple groups juxtaposition in the sink, the calibration for ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant.Measuring table uses multiple groups simultaneously
Set be because thickness of the ice berg ice dam in simulation process be evolution with distance, can be primary by juxtaposition multiple groups measuring table
Carry out the calibration of multiple groups dielectric constant for the ice berg ice dam of different-thickness in test, and then obtain more reasonable value, greatly
Ground saves multiple groups time and repeats to test required time and expense cost.
Radar can use shape for the radar of rectangular box, and rectangular box is arranged in the transmitting of radar and receiving antenna
Bottom, as long as therefore radar be placed on the position close to the water surface.One piece of non-metal flat plate that can be gone up and down can be set thus,
Radar is placed on plate.Elevating mechanism can be set, plate is made, as far as possible close to the water surface, to reduce measurement error in measurement.
To keep measurement accurate, the bottom of smooth ice berg ice dam is also needed, it is therefore an objective to radar electromagnetic wave be made to pass through ice berg ice dam
Position can represent the average thickness of one section of ice berg ice dam.One piece of gauze is set in the underface of radar thus, in ice berg ice dam
After the completion of forming process, moved from bottom of gullet to ice berg ice dam bottom so that the bottom of ice berg ice dam it is more smooth in order to
Carry out measurement.The thickness of sand net is in 0.2mm hereinafter, shadow will not be caused to the forming process of ice berg ice dam by being placed on bottom of gullet
It rings.Gauze uses nonmetallic materials, will not generate any influence to radar electromagnetic wave.
There are two lifters for measuring table, and a lifter is for going up and down radar platform, to enable radar as far as possible
Close to the water surface, another lifter is for going up and down gauze.The two lifters can be respectively set, can also be in conjunction with one
It rises.Such as the lifter of gauze is fixed below radar platform, the lifting of gauze will not interfere the lifting of radar platform.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is refinement of the embodiment one about downstream back pool.Under described in the present embodiment
It is additionally provided with silt blender 201 in trip back pool, as shown in Figure 1.
After blender makes the water body with silt enter downstream back pool, silt will not be settled, and so that water flow is carried silt and returned
Into upstream water tank, the whole circulation of silt is formed.
Embodiment three:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about sink.Sink described in the present embodiment
Bottom be laid with the mixture of silt or cobble or silt and cobble.
The size of silt and cobblestone and proportion are then experimental to be needed and determines.
Example IV:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about dankness type shelves slab.The present embodiment institute
The dankness type shelves slab stated is orifice plate.
The advantage of orifice plate is that the size of hole can be controlled very easily by processing.
Embodiment five:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about orifice plate.Orifice plate described in the present embodiment
On perforated area account for the gross area ratio be 40% ~ 60%.
The Kong Tai little then too big control for influencing flow and water level of resistance on orifice plate, too big then structural strength is poor, is easy to
Bending deformation fractures, and influences the normal development of experiment.
Embodiment six:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about orifice plate.Orifice plate described in the present embodiment
On hole be square hole or circular hole.
The selection of square hole or circular hole is mainly according to the convenience processed.
Embodiment seven:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about the hole on orifice plate.Described in the present embodiment
Square hole side length or circular hole diameter by 0.8 times of addition ice body average grain diameter.
The size of ice pellets is screened between injection ice feeder, cannot be too small or excessive, therefore, ice pellets size energy
Enough control well, therefore the size in the hole on orifice plate also just can be good at controlling the forming process of ice berg ice dam, therefore, hole
Size be also one experiment key, need to calculate meticulously.
Embodiment eight:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about measuring table.Described in the present embodiment
Radar platform is the plate of rectangle, and the plate is fixedly connected with the lifting screw 603 upwardly extended, the lifting screw
It is connect with by fixture nut 604 with across the truss 605 in the side board of sink two sides, the quadrangle of the plate is equipped with vertically to water
The guide rail 606 of lower extension, the guide rail, which is equipped with, along the card slot 6061(that guide rail length direction extends sees Fig. 4), two are opposite
Guide rail card slot, which is embedded in, to be connect along the sliding controling rod 607 that card slot slides up and down, the sliding controling rod with gauze, such as
Shown in Fig. 2,3,4.
Entire measuring table is by guide rail (supporting beam), the sliding controling rod positioned at side, gauze, lifting screw and fixed spiral shell
The composition such as mother.The effect of guide rail with card slot slides up and down sliding controling rod along guide rail, while reinforcing entire survey
The structural strength of platform is measured, guide rail section can use streamlined or circular-arc-shaped design.Sliding controling rod is for controlling bottom yarn
The up and down motion of net, after the completion of ice berg ice dam forming process, from bottom of gullet to ice berg ice under the traction of sliding controling rod
Dam bottom movement, so that the bottom of ice berg ice dam is more smooth in order to carrying out associated calibration in sink；Lifting screw and fixation
Nut is for fixing experimental rig and carrying radar, due to needing to simulate different subglacial water levels, by lifting screw and
Fixture nut enables the position of radar according to different water level up and down adjustments.
Embodiment nine:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about guide rail.Guide rail described in the present embodiment
Cross sectional shape be it is arc-shaped, as shown in Figure 4.
Using arc-shaped purpose is the resistance to minimize it to ice flow, in accurate simulation natural river course
Actual conditions.Although streamlined also can achieve same purpose, manufacturing cost is higher.
Embodiment ten:
The present embodiment is a kind of ice berg ice dam using above-mentioned apparatus and subglacial water body dielectric constant emergency scaling method.
The present embodiment the method passes through ice condition Imitating sediment bed true in laboratory, shingle bed, Wu Shashui
The hydrodynamic conditions in body and silt-including water river, boundary condition and carry out ice condition etc. with upstream, realizes laboratory to field original
The logistics simulation in type river, and then the dielectric constant of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body quickly, is efficiently measured, for answering for related ice flood
Anxious disposition improves core data.
The dielectric constant of measurement simultaneously can be using the outer actual theoretical foundation in prototype river out of office in laboratory:
The two way travel time of radar surveying ice thickness and the depth of water can be calculated with following formula:
WhereinHFor ice thickness or the depth of water, hereHIce thickness can be represented and also represent the depth of water or ice layer thickness plus the depth of water,vFor
Spread speed of the electromagnetic wave in ice body or water body,dDistance between radar emission and receiving antenna.
Spread speed of the electromagnetic wave in ice body or water bodyvIt is related with dielectric constant, it can be calculated with following formula:
In formulacFor the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum,30 cm/ns；εFor dielectric constant.
Therefore calculation formula of the radar when measuring ice thickness or the depth of water is as follows:
The two way travel time of radar wavetIt is main related with the performance of radar itself, it is unrelated with the characteristic of ice berg ice dam, therefore radar is existing
The parameter of field prototype measurement demand the most is the value of the permittivity ε of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body.Simultaneously from above-mentioned formula
It can be seen thatεFor dielectric constant only with ice thickness and the depth of waterH, the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuumc, radar wave round trip walk
Whent, distance between radar emission and receiving antennadIt is related, as long as accurate according to hydraulics similarity principle in laboratory
Simulate the relative thickness and the depth of water of live ice berg ice dam, so that it may accurately obtain dielectric constant, and normal using this dielectric
Number is applied on measuring practical ice berg ice dam thickness.
Specific step is as follows for the method:
Step 1, it determines simulated environment: by history hydrographic data, the concrete condition of ice berg ice dam section clearly occurs, comprising:
The hydrodynamic conditions in river, riverbed situation, water body contain husky situation.It was found that the hydrology in dangerous situation area should be collected after dangerous situation immediately
Data, especially hydrodynamic condition, including water level, flow rate of water flow, flow etc., to obtain the related hydrodynamic force of ice berg ice dam formation
Condition.Riverbed situation is mainly that river bed is silt or cobblestone, to obtain the conditioned reflex and flow resistance item of radar wave
Part.Water body has relationship to the reflection of the medium electric constant and radar wave of ice berg ice dam containing husky situation.
Step 2, sink is set: sink is arranged according to riverbed situation, for example sandy river is then laid with silt in bottom of gullet,
And silt blender is enabled to simulate the defeated shifting of silt in water, for example shingle bed is then laid with cobble in bottom of gullet, with mould
Quasi- bed configuration and drag characteristic.According to the various conditions and situation in practical river, by the gravity in hydraulics similarity principle
Similarity criterion zooms in and out configuration to experimental trough and each hydraulic parameter,
Its time scale ratio are as follows: Tr=(Lr)1/2, Lr is the ratio of natural river course cross-section of river width and sink width in formula.
Velocity ratio ruler are as follows: Vr=(Lr)1/2；
Flow-rate ratio ruler are as follows: Qr=(Lr)5/2；
Roughness compares ruler are as follows: Nr=(Lr)1/6。
Step 3, measuring table is arranged: in the sink by multiple groups measuring table juxtaposition.Multiple, thunder can be set in measuring table
Up to can use one or two.
Step 4, be arranged hydrodynamic condition: according to the hydrographic data of ice berg ice dam section locality control sink in water level with
Flow, with the hydrodynamic conditions of simulating riverway.When flow and flow rate is larger, it is easy to form thicker ice berg before permeable baffle
Ice dam, it is on the contrary then relatively thin, according to this feature, it is necessary to and strict control flow and flow rate, really to simulate the shape in river as far as possible
State.
Step 5, on the rocks: true ice being added by upstream by sink by ice feeder, simulates the forming process of ice berg ice dam.It is on the rocks
Speed must be strictly controlled, correctly to simulate the formation of ice berg ice dam.
Step 6, mobile gauze: by the mobile bottom gauze of sliding controling rod, so that the bottom of ice berg ice dam is more smooth,
So as to the measurement of ice berg ice dam thickness, and record the depth of waterH.When ice berg ice dam shape condenses to a certain extent, its bottom is observed not
It is further added by thickness, so that it may rise gauze.At this moment the depth of waterHIt actually include ice berg ice dam thickness.
Step 7, it measures: opening the radar on measuring table, record the echo time of radart。
Step 8, it calculates: ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant is calculated and calibrated using formulaε:
Wherein: c is the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum.
It is actually had ignored in above-mentioned formuladDistance between radar emission and receiving antenna, due under normal conditions, radar
Transmitting the center of receiving antenna, therefore, distance are setdIt can ignore.
Finally it should be noted that being only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it above, although referring to preferable cloth
The scheme of setting describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to technology of the invention
Scheme (such as form, the form of radar, the utilization of various formula, sequencing of step of measuring table etc.) modify or
Person's equivalent replacement, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- The caliberating device 1. a kind of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant are met an urgent need, comprising: experimental trough flow can be controlled Upstream water tank and the downstream back pool that water can be fed back to upstream water tank, between the upstream water tank and downstream back pool Connect nonmetallic sink, which is characterized in that the measurement of device, at least two placement radars on the rocks is arranged successively in the sink Platform, dankness type shelves slab, the tail-gate for controlling experimental trough water level；The measuring table includes: parallel with the water surface and can The radar platform moved up and down, the radar platform are arranged right below the horizontal gauze that can be gone up and down.
- 2. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be additionally provided with silt blender in the downstream back pool.
- 3. the apparatus of claim 2, which is characterized in that the bottom of the sink be laid with silt or cobble or The mixture of silt and cobble.
- 4. device according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the dankness type shelves slab is orifice plate.
- 5. device according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the perforated area on the orifice plate accounts for the ratio of the gross area It is 40% ~ 60%.
- 6. device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the hole on the orifice plate is square hole or circular hole.
- 7. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the side length of the square hole or the diameter of circular hole is are added 0.8 times of ice body average grain diameter.
- 8. device described in one of -7 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the radar platform is the plate of rectangle, institute The plate stated is fixedly connected with the lifting screw upwardly extended, the lifting screw with by fixture nut with across sink two Truss connection on lateral wall plate, the quadrangle of the plate are equipped with vertically to the guide rail extended under water, and the guide rail is equipped with edge Guide rail length direction extend card slot, two opposite guide rail card slots be embedded in can along the sliding controling rod that card slot slides up and down, The sliding controling rod is connect with gauze.
- 9. the device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the cross sectional shape of the guide rail is arc-shaped.
- The scaling method 10. a kind of ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant using claim 9 described device is met an urgent need, it is special The step of sign is, the method is as follows:Step 1, it determines simulated environment: by history hydrographic data, the concrete condition of ice berg ice dam section clearly occurs, comprising: The hydrodynamic conditions in river, riverbed situation, water body contain husky situation；Step 2, sink is set: sink being arranged according to riverbed situation, for example sandy river is then laid with silt in bottom of gullet, and opens With silt blender to simulate the defeated shifting of silt in water, for example shingle bed is then laid with cobble in bottom of gullet, to simulate river Bed form and drag characteristic；Step 3, measuring table is arranged: in the sink by multiple groups measuring table juxtaposition；Step 4, hydrodynamic condition is set: the water level and stream in sink are controlled according to the hydrographic data of ice berg ice dam section locality Amount, with the hydrodynamic conditions of simulating riverway；Step 5, on the rocks: true ice being added by upstream by sink by ice feeder, simulates the forming process of ice berg ice dam；Step 6, mobile gauze: by the mobile bottom gauze of sliding controling rod, so that the bottom of ice berg ice dam is more smooth, so as to The measurement of ice berg ice dam thickness, and record the depth of waterH；Step 7, it measures: opening the radar on measuring table, record the echo time of radart；Step 8, it calculates: ice berg ice dam and subglacial water body dielectric constant is calculated and calibrated using formulaε:Wherein: c is the spread speed of electromagnetic wave in a vacuum.
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