CN110146440B - Device and method for testing friction performance between textile material and skin - Google Patents
Device and method for testing friction performance between textile material and skin Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing friction performance between a textile material and skin, wherein the device comprises a translational friction pair component, a rotational friction pair component and a force measuring table for testing friction force; the translational friction pair assembly comprises a first motor, and the first motor drives the rack to do linear motion along the guide rail through rotation; a translational friction test block is fixedly connected to one end of the rack, the bottom surface of the translational friction test block is used for fixing artificial skin or textile materials to be tested, and a force measuring table is arranged below the translational friction test block; the rotating friction pair assembly comprises a second box body, a second base is arranged in the second box body, a second motor is arranged on the second base, and a bevel gear assembly is arranged at the output end of the second motor to drive the rotating shaft to rotate; the bottom end of the rotating shaft is connected with a rotating friction test block, the bottom surface of the rotating friction test block is used for fixing artificial skin or textile materials to be tested, and a force measuring table is arranged below the rotating friction test block.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of textile materials, in particular to a device and a method for testing friction performance between a textile material and skin.
Background
The human body and the garment have a mechanical interaction at all times, which can be decomposed into a pressure perpendicular to the skin surface and a friction parallel to the skin surface. The latter can functionally change skin deformation and the shape of subcutaneous microvasculature, and also can directly influence the wearing comfort of the textile material garment in subjective feeling. Therefore, the method has important scientific significance for quantitatively and analytically researching the friction force between the textile material and the skin.
The existing friction tester for commercial textile materials is mainly modified by a material tensile tester or is measured by using fabric stylists such as KES, FAST and the like, and the domestic YG821 fabric performance tester can also complete the friction test of the textile materials. However, the types of fabrics which can be tested by the first two types of devices are limited, and the latter type of domestic device cannot be applied to the current requirement on test precision because the fabric is not updated for a long time.
Chinese patents 201510989945.5, 201621298021.7, 201620525692.6, 201720114745.X and the document (Brush model to predict the friction of hair textile fabrics from abrasion measurements, Wear,2012,296:519 once 527) respectively propose several devices for testing the friction coefficient of fabric or film, which are characterized by convenience, rapidness, rich varieties of tested fabric, high working efficiency and relatively accurate measurement result. However, the basic principle is the same, the sliding block is driven to slide on the fabric or the film by adopting a spring or a push rod and additionally arranging a force sensor, and the tension value is read according to the sensor so as to calculate the friction coefficient. These patented devices also only measure and analyze the friction coefficient of the textile material when it is subjected to a translation movement, with a single sliding pattern.
Chinese patent 201810170130.8, 201010614457.3 proposes that the friction force of the fabric when contacting the curved surface of the cylinder can be measured by placing the fabric around a cylindrical roller or arm and placing the fabric at the two ends of the fabric by using tension sensors. However, since the cylinder needs to be kept in motion during the friction test, the cylinder cannot be in full contact with the flexible fabric, and the cylinder is liable to rub against the fabric, and therefore the accuracy of the test result is considered. The literature [ ionization, Accessing textile ionization with a novel textile surface tester, Autex Research Journal,2005,5(4):194-201] proposes a method for measuring the rotational Friction, i.e. a method for binding a Fabric outside a circular ring, driving the circular ring and the Fabric to move by a rotating shaft, and calculating the rotational Friction of the Fabric on a plane according to the torque of the rotating shaft. However, the actual friction force is different from the calculated friction force due to the traction effect of the surface hairiness of the fabric.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing friction performance between a textile material and skin, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art, and solving the problems in the prior art.
The technical problem solved by the invention can be realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a testing device for friction performance between textile materials and skin comprises a translational friction pair component, a rotational friction pair component and a force measuring table for testing friction force;
the translational friction pair assembly comprises a first box body, a first base is arranged in the first box body, a first motor is arranged on the first base, a gear is arranged at the output end of the first motor and meshed with a rack below the gear, the main body of the rack is arranged in a guide rail, the rotating speed of the first motor is regulated and controlled through a first speed regulating switch, and the rack is driven by rotation to do reciprocating linear motion capable of regulating speed along the guide rail;
a translational friction test block is fixedly connected to one end of the rack, the bottom surface of the translational friction test block is used for fixing artificial skin or textile materials to be tested, a first weight is fixed above the translational friction test block through a screw and used for completing friction tests under different pressure conditions, and a force measuring table is arranged below the translational friction test block;
the rotating friction pair assembly comprises a second box body, a second base is arranged in the second box body, a second motor is arranged on the second base, a bevel gear assembly is arranged at the output end of the second motor to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, a second speed regulating switch is arranged at the top of the second box body and used for regulating the rotating speed of the second motor, so that the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is regulated, and friction tests under different rotating speed conditions are realized;
the bottom end connection of pivot has the friction test piece that rotates, and the top of friction test piece that rotates is passed through the screw fixation and is had the second weight, and the second weight is used for accomplishing the friction test under the different pressure conditions, and the bottom surface of friction test piece that rotates is used for fixed artificial skin or the textile material that awaits measuring, and the below of friction test piece that rotates is the dynamometry platform.
Furthermore, the shapes of the translation friction test block and the rotation friction test block comprise a hemisphere, a semi-cylinder and a square.
Furthermore, an opening is formed in a group of side plates of the first box body, and two ends of the guide rail respectively extend out of the opening.
Furthermore, the top of the rotating shaft is connected with a positioning plate through a bearing, and the positioning plate is fixed at the top of the second box body.
A method for testing the translation friction coefficient between a textile material and skin comprises the following steps:
1) pasting artificial skin on the bottom surface of the translational friction test block, and pasting a textile material to be tested on a force measuring table below the translational friction test block;
2) starting a force measuring table and a first motor, wherein the first motor pushes a translational friction testing block to move on the force measuring table through a rack, and artificial skin and textile materials form a translational friction pair; recording a friction-speed curve by the force measuring table;
3) from the friction-velocity curve, obtaining
Maximum static friction force F at which the friction curve rises from initial to maximums,max；
Maximum static friction force Fs,maxDynamic and static critical points T of sliding time of corresponding friction pairL；
Average static friction force F of friction-speed curve from curve starting point to maximum static friction forces；
Average kinetic friction force F of the section from the maximum static friction force to the curve end pointd；
Finally, solving the translation friction coefficient mu according to the coulomb friction lawd
A method for testing the coefficient of rotational friction between a textile material and skin comprises the following steps:
1) the artificial skin is pasted on the bottom surface of the rotary friction test block, the textile material to be tested is pasted on a force measuring table below the rotary friction test block to rotate,
2) starting the force measuring table and a second motor, wherein the second motor drives the rotating shaft and the rotating friction test block to rotate through the bevel gear assembly, and the artificial skin and the textile material form a rotating friction pair; recording a friction-speed curve by the force measuring table;
3) from the friction-velocity curve, obtaining
Period T and mean kinetic friction force F within periodt；
Finally, solving the average kinetic friction coefficient mu in the period according to the coulomb friction lawt；
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can systematically measure and evaluate the frictional properties between the textile material and the fabric. Meanwhile, the method has no special requirements on materials, and the friction performance between textiles and other two-dimensional flexible materials can be used for measurement of the equipment, such as films, soft plastics, metal foils, even leaves, turf and the like.
The device can conveniently and systematically evaluate the friction performance between two flexible materials. This is different from the current commercial KES, FAST fabric stylists. Commercial fabric stylists can only be used to measure parameters such as coefficient of friction, etc. between a fabric and a metal friction pair. In addition, the device is different from the devices provided by other patents in that the friction pairs with three different shapes can be replaced conveniently, weights can be added to adjust the weight of the friction pairs so as to measure the friction behaviors under different contact areas and different pressure conditions, and two motion modes of translation and rotation are provided so as to evaluate the influence brought by different motion modes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for measuring the coefficient of rotational friction between a textile material and skin according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a test graph of the translational friction test according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a test graph of the rotational friction test according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
And (3) translational friction test: this example uses a piece of artificial skin (5cm x 5cm) attached to the bottom of a smooth surfaced chromium plated cube translation friction test block (5cm x 4cm, 500g) and a plain weave of purified cotton (10cm x 40cm) attached to a force measuring table (40cm x 40 cm). When the patch is applied, the flexible material needs to be kept flat and smooth, and the artificial skin needs to completely cover the bottom of the square body without leaving a space. Starting a force measuring table and a first motor, wherein the first motor pushes a translational friction testing block to move on the force measuring table through a rack, and artificial skin and textile materials form a translational friction pair; recording a friction-speed curve by the force measuring table; one test is completed. Fig. 2 shows the test curve, and the results of each index are shown in table 1. It can be seen from the curve that the static friction force gradually increases to the maximum value with the increase of time, at this time, the friction pair remains still, and when the static friction force begins to decrease, the static friction force is converted into the kinetic friction force, and the friction pair starts to move. Then, after moving for a period of time, the kinetic friction force gradually keeps relatively stable until the end.
TABLE 1
| Fs，max(N) | TL(s) | FS(N) | Fd(N) | μd |
| 1.8948 | 0.186 | 1.2322 | 1.7499 | 0.3889 |
Example 2
And (3) translational friction test: in the embodiment, a chromium-plated cylinder translation friction test block (with the diameter of 5cm, the length of 8cm and the weight of 500g) is adopted, and artificial skin (2cm x 8cm) is attached to the cylindrical surface of a cylinder, so that the friction pair cylindrical surface always keeps friction with the fabric when the artificial skin slides. Three different sizes of fabric (specifications are given in table 2) were tested and different motor speeds (20rad/s to 80rad/s) were adjusted so that the friction pairs perform translation at different speeds. Each test method is the same as that of embodiment 1, and is not described herein again.
The results obtained are shown in Table 3. Comparing table 3 with table 1, it can be seen that the friction force and the friction coefficient measured by the cylindrical translational friction test block are smaller than the value of the cubic translational friction test block, which may be due to the reduction of the contact area. Furthermore, a comparison of the three different speeds shows that the faster the speed, the greater the friction (including static friction and dynamic friction) and the coefficient of friction; the three different fabrics are compared to find that the friction force and the friction coefficient of the polyester fabric are smaller, which is caused by the fact that the surface of the polyester fiber is smoother than the surface of the cotton fiber, and the friction coefficient and the friction force of the knitting jacquard weave structure are larger, which is caused by the fact that the raised patterns of the jacquard weave increase the roughness of the surface of the fabric.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
Example 3
And (3) testing the rotation friction: in this embodiment, a spherical rotational friction test block (diameter 5cm, weight 500g) is used, a round artificial skin (diameter 1cm) is first attached to the bottom of the spherical rotational friction test block, and a plastic film (10cm x 40cm) to be tested is attached to a force measuring table, so as to keep the surfaces of the fabric and the artificial skin smooth and free of wrinkles. Starting the force measuring table and a second motor, wherein the second motor drives the rotating shaft and the rotating friction test block to rotate through the bevel gear assembly, and the artificial skin and the textile material form a rotating friction pair; the force table records the friction-velocity curve. Fig. 3 shows the test curve, and the results of each index are shown in table 4. As shown in fig. 3, the friction curve first appears unstable oscillation after starting, and after about 0.5s, the curve gradually stabilizes, and the curve first rises to the peak and then falls to the trough, forming a stable curve. And the friction force curve forms a cycle period when the rotary friction test block rotates for one circle. Because the friction is rotational friction, the direction of the friction force changes along with the rotation, so the values of the friction force and the friction force have difference in sign.
TABLE 4
| T(s) | Ft(N) | μt |
| 0.17 | 0.6190 | 0.1375 |
Example 4
And (3) testing the rotation friction: in this embodiment, a chrome-plated square rotating friction test block (5cm × 4cm, weight 500g) is used, an artificial skin (5cm × 5cm) is attached to the bottom of the block, three kinds of fabrics (specifications are listed in table 2) with different specifications are sequentially tested and replaced and attached to a force measuring table, and weights (100g, 250g, 500g) with different weights are fixed to the top of the rotating friction test block to change the pressure of a friction pair on the force measuring table during rotation. Each test method is the same as that of embodiment 3, and is not described herein again. The results are shown in Table 5. Comparing table 5 with table 4, it can be seen that the rotational friction coefficient and the friction force of the square rotational friction test block are greater than the measurement result of the sphere rotational friction test block, which may be due to the fact that the contact area between the square rotational friction test block and the force measuring table is greater than the sphere. In table 5, as the weight of the weight on the friction pair increases, the cycle time increases, and the fabric receives a greater friction force and a greater coefficient of friction.
In the above four embodiments, the measured friction coefficient is not constant, but is related to the friction pair speed, the weight, the friction material and the contact area. This is in contrast to the classical law of friction where the coefficient of friction of an object is only equal to the ratio of friction to positive pressure. This is due to the fact that classical friction laws do not take into account the deformation of the object. Flexible materials such as textile materials and films are always accompanied by certain deformation during friction, so that the friction coefficient of the flexible materials is not always constant. According to the apparatus and method of the present invention, the frictional properties between such flexible materials can be quantitatively measured.
TABLE 5
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A testing device for friction performance between textile materials and skin is characterized by comprising a translational friction pair component (1), a rotational friction pair component (2) and a force measuring table (3) for testing friction force;
the translational friction pair assembly (1) comprises a first box body (11), a first base (12) is arranged in the first box body (11), a first motor (13) is installed on the first base (12), a gear (14) is installed at the output end of the first motor (13), the gear (14) is meshed with a rack (15) below the gear (14), the main body of the rack (15) is arranged in a guide rail (16), the rotating speed of the first motor (13) is regulated and controlled through a first speed regulating switch (17), and then the rack (15) is driven to do speed-adjustable reciprocating linear motion along the guide rail (16) through rotation;
a translational friction test block (18) is fixedly connected to one end of the rack (15), the bottom surface of the translational friction test block (18) is used for fixing artificial skin or textile materials to be tested, a first weight (19) is fixed above the translational friction test block (18) through a screw, the first weight (19) is used for completing friction tests under different pressure conditions, and a force measuring table (3) is arranged below the friction test block (18);
the rotating friction pair assembly (2) comprises a second box body (21), a second base (22) is arranged in the second box body (21), a second motor (23) is installed on the second base (22), a bevel gear assembly (24) is installed at the output end of the second motor (23) to drive a rotating shaft (25) to rotate, a second speed regulating switch (26) is arranged at the top of the second box body (21), and the second speed regulating switch (26) is used for regulating the rotating speed of the second motor (23) so as to regulate the rotating speed of the rotating shaft (25) and realize friction tests under different rotating speed conditions;
a rotary friction test block (27) is connected to the end part of the bottom end of the rotating shaft (25), a second weight (28) is fixed above the rotary friction test block (27) through a screw, the second weight (28) is used for completing friction tests under different pressure conditions, the bottom surface of the rotary friction test block (27) is used for fixing artificial skin or textile materials to be tested, and a force measuring table (3) is arranged below the rotary friction test block (27);
the translational friction test block (18) and the rotational friction test block (27) are in the shapes of hemispheres, semicylinders and cubes;
an opening (111) is formed in one group of side plates of the first box body (11), and two ends of the guide rail (16) extend out of the opening (111) respectively;
the top of the rotating shaft (25) is connected with a positioning plate (29) through a bearing, and the positioning plate (29) is fixed at the top of the second box body (21);
a method of delivering a device for testing the frictional properties between a textile material and skin, comprising the steps of:
1) the artificial skin is attached to the bottom surface of the translational friction test block (18), and the textile material to be tested is attached to the force measuring table (3) below the translational friction test block (18);
2) starting the force measuring table (3), a first speed regulating switch (17) and a first motor (13), adjusting the first motor (13) to a proper rotating speed, driving a rack (15) to push a translational friction testing block (18) to move on the force measuring table (3), and enabling artificial skin and textile materials to form a translational friction pair; the force measuring table (3) records a friction force-speed curve;
3) from the friction-velocity curve, obtaining
Maximum static friction force F at which the friction curve rises from initial to maximums,max；
Maximum static friction force Fs,maxDynamic and static critical points T of sliding time of corresponding friction pairL；
Average static friction force F of friction-speed curve from curve starting point to maximum static friction forces；
Average kinetic friction force F of the section from the maximum static friction force to the curve end pointd；
Finally, solving the translation friction coefficient mu according to the coulomb friction lawd
2. Device for testing the friction properties between a textile material and the skin according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) the artificial skin is pasted on the bottom surface of the rotary friction test block (27), the textile material to be tested is pasted on the force measuring table (3) below the rotary friction test block (27) to rotate,
2) starting the force measuring platform (3), the second speed regulating switch (26) and the second motor (23), regulating the second motor (23) to a proper rotating speed, driving the rotating shaft (25) and the rotating friction testing block (27) to rotate by the bevel gear component (24), and forming a rotating friction pair by artificial skin and textile materials; the force measuring table (3) records a friction force-time curve;
3) from the friction-time curve, obtaining
Period T and mean kinetic friction force F within periodt；
Finally, solving the average kinetic friction coefficient mu in the period according to the coulomb friction lawt；
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