CN110142494A - A kind of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding method - Google Patents
A kind of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110142494A CN110142494A CN201910486570.9A CN201910486570A CN110142494A CN 110142494 A CN110142494 A CN 110142494A CN 201910486570 A CN201910486570 A CN 201910486570A CN 110142494 A CN110142494 A CN 110142494A
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- lithium alloy
- aluminium lithium
- base material
- alloy base
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
Abstract
The problem of a kind of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding method welds cut deal aluminium lithium alloy to solve focusing welding manner on electron beam, and aluminium lithium alloy base material top fusing amount is excessive, leads to elemental lithium scaling loss.Method: one, to be welded two piece aluminium lithium alloy base material interfaces and two transition zones are subjected to welding pretreatment;Two, two panels transition zone is clipped between two pieces of aluminium lithium alloy base material interfaces, the upper end of transition zone should be higher by aluminium lithium alloy base material upper surface 2mm, and two bending segments are bent outward respectively, and the angle between bending segment and the upper surface of aluminium lithium alloy base material is 15 °;Three, clamping transition zone and aluminium lithium alloy base material component, and be put into vacuum chamber and vacuumized;Four, heating in reciprocating mode is carried out to bending segment upper surface using upper focusing electron beam, aluminium lithium alloy base material is cooled to room temperature in vacuum chamber after welding, takes out weldment;Five, weldment is modified, the welding of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam is completed.The present invention is used for electron beam welding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electron beam welding technologies, and in particular to a kind of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding side
Method.
Background technique
With the development of aeronautical and space technology, lightweight and high-performance have become the inevitable choice that structure designs.Aluminium lithium
Alloy is as a kind of lightweight metal material, and due to the addition of elemental lithium, the density of aluminium lithium alloy is lower than common aluminum alloy, simultaneously
Its elasticity modulus is higher.In addition, aluminium lithium alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, good cryogenic property and anti-fatigue performance,
Aerospace and other field such as rail traffic, automotive electronics, nuclear industry etc. all have wide application prospect.Related aluminium lithium
The welding of alloy has been a hot spot of research, since beam energy density is higher, and hardening constituent formation element in aluminium lithium alloy
The molten boiling point of lithium is lower, therefore the elemental lithium easily scaling loss in electron beam welding process, and elemental lithium scaling loss can make in weld seam containing lithium
Strengthen phase amount to reduce, the intensity of connector and hardness is caused to reduce.
The patent of invention that China Patent No. is 201210543547.7, publication date is on March 13rd, 2013 discloses one kind
SiCp/Al composite material electron beam assists hot extrusion diffusion connection method, focuses welding method on the patent category electron beam, this is specially
Benefit heats base material using upper focusing electron beam, while applying pressure to base material interface, keeps base material common in heat input and pressure
Effect is lower to form diffusion connection, can effectively reduce fusing scaling loss region;But the patent can not be applied to cut deal (5mm~
8mm) in aluminium lithium alloy material.In order to form effectively diffusion connection, electron beam heating time needs to extend, and causes base material top hot
Input excessive, melting range depth has been more than the 50% of mother metal thickness, using focusing welding manner on electron beam to aluminium lithium alloy
It is welded, aluminium lithium alloy base material top fusing amount is excessive, and high-temperature residence time is too long, leads to elemental lithium scaling loss.Thus, reduce
Fusing amount in base material top is the key that realize to focus welding aluminium lithium alloy application value on electron beam.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve to weld cut deal aluminium lithium alloy using focusing welding manner on electron beam, aluminium lithium closes the present invention
Golden base material top fusing amount is excessive, and high-temperature residence time is too long, the problem for causing elemental lithium scaling loss serious, and provides a kind of aluminium lithium
Alloy contactless electronic beam welding method.
A kind of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding method of the invention, the method is through the following steps that realize
:
Step 1: welding pretreatment: two pieces of aluminium lithium alloy base material interfaces and two transition zones to be welded are welded
Preceding pretreatment;
Step 2: assembling transition zone and aluminium lithium alloy base material: two panels transition zone is clipped in two pieces of aluminium lithium alloy base material docking
Between face, the upper end of transition zone should be higher by aluminium lithium alloy base material upper surface, and the raised area is bending segment, two bending segment difference
It bends outward, the bending length of bending segment is 1mm~3mm, the angle between bending segment and the upper surface of aluminium lithium alloy base material
It is 10 °~20 °, the unfitness of butt joint above and below interface between two pieces of aluminium lithium alloy base materials is no more than 0.2mm;
Step 3: clamping transition zone and aluminium lithium alloy base material component: by the transition zone and aluminium lithium alloy base material in step 2
Component is enclosed in fixture, and transition zone, aluminium lithium alloy base material and clamp assembly that clamping finishes are put into vacuum chamber and are taken out
It is vacuum-treated;
Step 4: upper focusing electron beam welding: welding carries out bending segment upper surface using upper focusing electron beam reciprocal more
Secondary heating, the upper electron beam that focuses acts on the time of bending segment as 120s, while utilizing fixture to aluminium lithium alloy base material interface
Apply pressure F, bending segment transfers heat to the vertical section of transition zone, until after vertical section and aluminium lithium alloy base material fuse into one
Terminate welding, aluminium lithium alloy base material is cooled to room temperature in vacuum chamber after welding, takes out weldment;
Step 5: finishing weldment: using the extra transition zone in milling machine mill off aluminium lithium alloy base material upper surface, so far, completing
The welding of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam.
Further, in the step 1, aluminium lithium alloy base material is 2195 aluminium lithium alloys, the 2195 aluminium lithium alloy thickness
H is 5mm~8mm, and 2195 aluminium lithium alloy is by mass percentage by 0.8-1.2%Li, 3.7-4.3%Cu, 0.25-0.8%
Mg, 0.25-0.6%Ag, 0.14%Zr and the Al of surplus composition.
Further, in the step 1, the material of transition zone is copper, and the total length of transition zone is 7mm~10mm, transition
For layer with a thickness of 0.1mm, the part that transition zone docks face contact with aluminium lithium alloy base material is 5mm~8mm.
Further, in the step 1, welding pretreatment is polished using delicate mechanical, that is, is polished after being polished to 7000 mesh
Processing, and chemical cleaning is carried out with acetone.
Further, in the step 2, the angle between bending segment and the upper surface of aluminium lithium alloy base material is 15 °.
Further, in the step 2, the bending length (b) of bending segment is 2mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
One, the present invention reduces the fusing amount of aluminium lithium alloy base material, it is suppressed that elemental lithium by the way of adding transition zone
Scaling loss.The present invention devises bending segment by the way of adding transition zone, by the upper end of transition zone, and bending segment is female by aluminium lithium alloy
Upper surface welding region covers at material docking, acts directly on electron beam on bending segment, avoids electron beam and act directly on
Base material is heated on aluminium lithium alloy base material, therefore, can guarantee that aluminium lithium alloy is female while further extending electron beam heating time
Material is non-fusible, so that elemental lithium does not have scaling loss, there are a large amount of hardening constituents containing lithium in weld seam, to improve welding point
Intensity and hardness.
Two, due to the setting at an acute angle of bending segment and aluminium lithium alloy base material upper surface, bending segment not with aluminium lithium alloy base material
Upper surface fitting, therefore there is no the conduction of heat with base material upper surface by after electron beam heating for bending segment, and heat is logical
The bending segment for crossing transition zone is conducted to vertical section, so that ensure that has enough heat inputs at aluminium lithium alloy base material interface
Amount, avoids that lead to the problem of diffusion because controlling heat input and leading to lower part shortage of heat insufficient.
It three,, can be total in 548 DEG C of formation eutectics with aluminium when copper content reaches 34wt% since the material of transition zone is copper
Crystalline substance tissue, is conducive to react with aluminium lithium alloy base material at a lower temperature, transient state liquid film is formed at interface, to promote original
Son diffusion, it is ensured that transition zone and base material form effective connection.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic diagram of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding method;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of transition zone;
Fig. 3 is the I partial enlarged view of Fig. 2.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: illustrating present embodiment in conjunction with FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, present embodiment is through the following steps that reality
Existing:
Step 1: welding pretreatment: two pieces of 1 interfaces of aluminium lithium alloy base material to be welded and two transition zones 2 are carried out
Welding pretreatment;
Step 2: assembling transition zone 2 and aluminium lithium alloy base material 1: two panels transition zone 2 is clipped in two pieces of aluminium lithium alloy base materials 1
Between interface, the upper end of transition zone 2 should be higher by 1 upper surface of aluminium lithium alloy base material, and the raised area is bending segment 2-2, and two
Bending segment 2-2 is bent outward respectively, and the bending length b of bending segment 2-2 is 1mm~3mm, and bending segment 2-2 and aluminium lithium alloy are female
Angle α between the upper surface of material 1 is 10 °~20 °, in the bending segment 2-2 of 10 °~20 ° angles setting by aluminium lithium alloy base material 1
Welding region covers, and the unfitness of butt joint above and below interface between two pieces of aluminium lithium alloy base materials 1 is no more than 0.2mm;
Step 3: 1 component of clamping transition zone 2 and aluminium lithium alloy base material: by step 2 transition zone 2 and aluminium lithium alloy it is female
1 component of material is enclosed in fixture 3, and transition zone 2, aluminium lithium alloy base material 1 and 3 component of fixture that clamping finishes are put into vacuum chamber
Vacuumize process is carried out, vacuum degree is 5 × 10-3Pa~5 × 10-2Pa, fixture 3 are the prior art in electron beam welding field;
Step 4: upper focusing electron beam welding: welding carries out the upper surface bending segment 2-2 using upper focusing electron beam 4 past
Multiple heating for multiple times, wherein weldingvoltage is 55kV~60kV, and focus current is 2550~2650mA, electronic beam current be 8mA~
12mA, speed of welding are 6mm/s~10mm/s;The upper electron beam 4 that focuses acts on the time of bending segment 2-2 as 120s, while benefit
Apply pressure F to 1 interface of aluminium lithium alloy base material with fixture 3, pressure F is 5MPa~8MPa, and bending segment 2-2 is transferred heat to
The vertical section 2-1 of transition zone 2, until vertical section 2-1 and aluminium lithium alloy base material 1 terminate to weld after fusing into one, after welding
Aluminium lithium alloy base material 1 is cooled to room temperature (room temperature is 10 DEG C~35 DEG C) in vacuum chamber, takes out weldment;Since bending segment 2-2 hides
The welding region of 1 upper surface of aluminium lithium alloy base material is covered, 4 practical function of electron beam is in the upper surface of bending segment 2-2, not directly
Connect heating aluminium lithium alloy base material 1;
Step 5: finishing weldment: so far, complete using the extra transition zone 2 in 1 upper surface of milling machine mill off aluminium lithium alloy base material
It is welded at aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam.
In the step of present embodiment one, aluminium lithium alloy base material 1 is 2195 aluminium lithium alloys, the 2195 aluminium lithium alloy thickness
H is 5mm~8mm, and 2195 aluminium lithium alloy is by mass percentage by 0.8-1.2%Li, 3.7-4.3%Cu, 0.25-0.8%
Mg, 0.25-0.6%Ag, 0.14%Zr and the Al of surplus composition.
In the step of present embodiment one, the material of transition zone 2 is copper, and the total length of transition zone 2 is 7mm~10mm, mistake
The total length for crossing layer 2 is vertical section 2-1+ bending segment 2-2, and transition region thickness a is 0.1mm, transition zone 2 and aluminium lithium alloy base material 1
The straightened portion section 2-1 for docking face contact is 5mm~8mm.It, can be more to interface lower conduction since the thermal conductivity of copper is preferable
Heat guarantees that interface lower part has enough heat inputs.In addition, when copper content reaches 34wt%, it can be with aluminium in 548 DEG C of shapes
At low melting eutectics tissue, transient state liquid film is formed at interface, so that atom be promoted to spread, it is ensured that transition zone is formed with base material
Effect connection.
In the step of present embodiment one, welding pretreatment is polished using delicate mechanical, that is, is polished after being polished to 7000 mesh
Processing, and chemical cleaning is carried out with acetone, it can guarantee that two pieces of aluminium lithium alloy base materials 1 and transition zone 2 are in close contact in this way.
In the step of present embodiment two, the angle α between bending segment 2-2 and the upper surface of aluminium lithium alloy base material 1 is
15 °, setting in this way can be bonded completely to avoid bending segment 2-2 with 1 upper surface of aluminium lithium alloy base material.
In the step of present embodiment two, the bending length b of bending segment 2-2 is 2mm.
Application example of the invention:
Two aluminium lithium alloys are welded:
Step 1: polished using delicate mechanical, to two pieces of 1 interfaces of aluminium lithium alloy base material and transition zone 2 to be welded into
Row welding pretreatment is polished to polishing treatment after 7000 mesh, and carries out chemical cleaning with acetone, guarantee two pieces of aluminium lithium alloy mothers
1 interface of material and transition zone 2 are in close contact, and the total length of transition zone 2 is 7mm, and wherein transition zone 2 and aluminium lithium alloy base material 1 are right
The part (vertical section 2-1) of surfaces brought into contact is 5mm, and being higher by interface part (bending segment 2-2) is 2mm, and transition region thickness a is
0.1mm;
Step 2: two panels transition zone 2 is clipped between two pieces of 1 interfaces of aluminium lithium alloy base material, transition zone 2 is higher by aluminium lithium
The part outward bending of alloy base metal 1, the bending part are bending segment 2-2, and bending segment 2-2 is by 1 upper surface of aluminium lithium alloy base material
Welding region covers, and the angle α of bending segment 2-2 and 1 upper surface of aluminium lithium alloy base material is 15 ° or so;
Step 3: by step 2 transition zone 2 and 1 component of aluminium lithium alloy base material be enclosed in fixture 3, clamping is finished
Transition zone 2, aluminium lithium alloy base material 1 and fixture 3 component be put into vacuum chamber and carry out vacuumize process, vacuum degree is 5 × 10- 3Pa;
Step 4: starting to weld, the upper surface bending segment 2-2 is heated back and forth using upper focusing electron beam 4,
In, weldingvoltage 55kV, focus current 2600mA, electronic beam current 10mA, speed of welding 8mm/s.Upper focusing electronics
The time that beam 4 acts on bending segment 2-2 is 120s, while applying pressure F, pressure to 1 interface of aluminium lithium alloy base material using fixture 3
Power F is 6MPa.Since bending segment 2-2 has covered in 1 upper surface welding region of aluminium lithium alloy base material, 4 practical function of electron beam exists
The upper surface of bending segment 2-2, electron beam 4 do not directly heat aluminium lithium alloy base material 1, are cooled in vacuum chamber after welding
20 DEG C, take out weldment;
Step 5: the transition zone 2 (i.e. bending segment 2-2 part) extra using 1 upper surface of milling machine mill off aluminium lithium alloy base material,
So far, the welding of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam is completed.
In this example, the material of aluminium lithium alloy base material 1 is 2195 aluminium lithium alloys, and the material of transition zone 2 is copper.
The Al-Li Alloy Weld top obtained by this example is non-fusible, and elemental lithium does not have scaling loss, thus proves in weld seam
In the presence of a large amount of hardening constituents containing lithium, to improve the intensity and hardness of welding point.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding method, it is characterised in that: the method is through the following steps that reality
Existing:
Step 1: welding pretreatment: two pieces of aluminium lithium alloy base material (1) interfaces to be welded and two transition zones (2) are carried out
Welding pretreatment;
Step 2: assembling transition zone (2) and aluminium lithium alloy base material (1): two panels transition zone (2) is clipped in two pieces of aluminium lithium alloy base materials
(1) between interface, the upper end of transition zone (2) should be higher by aluminium lithium alloy base material (1) upper surface, and the raised area is bending segment
(2-2), two bending segments (2-2) bend outward respectively, and the bending length (b) of bending segment (2-2) is 1mm~3mm, bending segment
Angle (α) between (2-2) and the upper surface of aluminium lithium alloy base material (1) is 10 °~20 °, between two pieces of aluminium lithium alloy base materials (1)
Interface above and below unfitness of butt joint be no more than 0.2mm;
Step 3: clamping transition zone (2) and aluminium lithium alloy base material (1) component: by the transition zone (2) and aluminium lithium alloy in step 2
Base material (1) component is enclosed in fixture (3), transition zone (2), aluminium lithium alloy base material (1) and fixture (3) component that clamping is finished
It is put into vacuum chamber and carries out vacuumize process;
Step 4: upper focusing electron beam welding: welding carries out the upper surface bending segment (2-2) using upper focusing electron beam (4) past
Multiple heating for multiple times, upper focus electron beam (4) act on the time of bending segment (2-2) as 120s, while utilizing fixture (3) to aluminium lithium
Alloy base metal (1) interface applies pressure F, and bending segment (2-2) transfers heat to the vertical section (2-1) of transition zone (2), until
Vertical section (2-1) and aluminium lithium alloy base material (1) terminate to weld after fusing into one, and aluminium lithium alloy base material (1) is true after welding
It is cooled to room temperature in empty cabin, takes out weldment;
Step 5: finishing weldment: so far, complete using the extra transition zone (2) in milling machine mill off aluminium lithium alloy base material (1) upper surface
It is welded at aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam.
2. a kind of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
In rapid one, aluminium lithium alloy base material (1) is 2195 aluminium lithium alloys, and the 2195 aluminium lithium alloy thickness (h) is 5mm~8mm, described
2195 aluminium lithium alloys by mass percentage by 0.8-1.2%Li, 3.7-4.3%Cu, 0.25-0.8%Mg, 0.25-0.6%Ag,
The 0.14%Zr and Al of surplus composition.
3. a kind of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: institute
It states in step 1, the material of transition zone (2) is copper, and the total length of transition zone (2) is 7mm~10mm, and transition region thickness (a) is
0.1mm, the part that transition zone (2) docks face contact with aluminium lithium alloy base material (1) is 5mm~8mm.
4. a kind of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
In rapid one, welding pretreatment is polished using delicate mechanical, that is, is polished to polishing treatment after 7000 mesh, and carry out chemistry clearly with acetone
It washes.
5. a kind of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
In rapid two, the angle (α) between bending segment (2-2) and the upper surface of aluminium lithium alloy base material (1) is 15 °.
6. a kind of aluminium lithium alloy contactless electronic beam welding method according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that: institute
It states in step 2, the bending length (b) of bending segment (2-2) is 2mm.
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Cited By (1)
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CN112719553A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-30 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Electron beam welding method for aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate |
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