CN110138186B - Power switching device driving circuit and power electronic equipment - Google Patents
Power switching device driving circuit and power electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110138186B CN110138186B CN201910383617.9A CN201910383617A CN110138186B CN 110138186 B CN110138186 B CN 110138186B CN 201910383617 A CN201910383617 A CN 201910383617A CN 110138186 B CN110138186 B CN 110138186B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a power switch device driving circuit and power electronic equipment, wherein the power switch device driving circuit comprises a direct current converter, a driving power supply and a controller, wherein: the output end of the controller is connected to the signal input end of the driving power supply and outputs a control signal to the signal input end of the driving power supply; the direct current converter is used for converting an external input voltage into a voltage required by the driving power switch device and supplying power to the driving power supply by using the converted voltage; the output end of the driving power supply is connected to the control end of the power switch device, and the driving power supply generates and outputs a driving signal according to the control signal of the signal input end. The embodiment of the invention directly drives the power switch device through the driving power supply, saves an isolation transmission circuit, and can effectively reduce the cost and the area of the whole driving circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of power switching devices, in particular to a power switching device driving circuit and power electronic equipment.
Background
With the development of the social industrialization, high-power switching devices, such as IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar transistors) and SiC-MOSFETs (silicon carbide field effect transistors), have been widely used because of their advantages of high operating frequency, low switching loss, large device container, and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, a driving control portion of a current high power switching device mainly includes a driving power supply 11 and a driving circuit 12. The driving power supply 11 realizes the isolated transmission of electric energy, and the output of the driving power supply takes the output end of the high-power switching device (such as the emitter of the IGBT) as the level of the reference ground, and provides the energy required for driving the high-power switching device; the driving circuit 12 implements isolated transmission of a control Signal, and transmits the control Signal sent from a controller, such as an MCU (micro controller Unit), a DSP (Digital Signal Processing, Digital Signal processor), etc., to a driving side of a control electrode (e.g., a gate of an IGBT) of the high power switching device 13 by means of magnetic isolation, optical isolation, etc.
However, in the driving circuit of the power switching device, the driving power supply and the control signal need to be transmitted in an isolated manner, so that the driving circuit is high in cost and large in size.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a novel power switch device driving circuit and power electronic equipment, aiming at the problems that the driving circuit is higher in cost and larger in size because a driving power supply and a control signal need to be isolated and transmitted in the driving circuit of the power switch device.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power switching device driving circuit, which includes a dc converter, a driving power supply, and a controller, wherein: the output end of the controller is connected to the signal input end of the driving power supply and outputs a control signal to the signal input end of the driving power supply; the direct current converter is used for converting an external input voltage into a voltage required by the driving power switch device and supplying power to the driving power supply by using the converted voltage; the output end of the driving power supply is connected to the control end of the power switch device, and the driving power supply generates and outputs a driving signal according to the control signal of the signal input end.
Preferably, the control signal is a square wave, the driving signal is a high-frequency pulse wave, and the operating frequency of the driving power supply is more than 100 times of the frequency of the control signal.
Preferably, the driving power supply includes a transformer unit, and a signal input terminal of the driving power supply is connected to a primary side of the transformer unit via a first sub-circuit, and an output terminal of the driving power supply is connected to a secondary side of the transformer unit via a second sub-circuit.
Preferably, the first sub-circuit includes a first switching tube and a second switching tube, the first switching tube and the second switching tube are connected in series between two connection terminals of a primary coil of the transformer unit, and a connection point of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is connected to a reference ground, and the first switching tube and the second switching tube are respectively driven according to a control signal from a signal input end of the driving power supply;
and the positive output end of the direct current converter is connected to the middle tap of the primary coil of the transformer unit, and the negative output end of the direct current converter is connected to the reference ground.
Preferably, the first switch tube and the second switch tube are N-channel enhancement mode metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, respectively, wherein: the drain electrode of the first switching tube is connected to one connecting terminal of the primary coil of the transformer unit, the drain electrode of the second switching tube is connected to the other connecting terminal of the primary coil of the transformer unit, the source electrodes of the first switching tube and the second switching tube are respectively connected with a reference ground, and signals input into the grid electrodes of the first switching tube and the second switching tube are complementary.
Preferably, the first sub-circuit comprises four third switching tubes, the four third switching tubes are connected to form an H-bridge direct current chopper, and control ends of the four third switching tubes are respectively driven according to control signals from a signal input end of the driving power supply.
Preferably, the first sub-circuit comprises two fourth switching tubes, the two fourth switching tubes are connected to form a half-bridge direct current chopper, and control ends of the two fourth switching tubes are respectively driven according to control signals from a signal input end of the driving power supply.
Preferably, the driving circuit further comprises a sampling unit and an isolated transmission unit, wherein:
the sampling unit is used for sampling the output current of the power switch device;
the isolation transmission unit is connected to the output end of the sampling unit, converts the output current sampled by the sampling unit into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal to the controller in an isolation manner;
the controller is connected to the DC converter and controls the DC converter to adjust the output voltage according to the voltage signal from the isolation transmission unit.
Preferably, the control signal and the driving signal are high-frequency pulse waves with the same waveform; the driving power supply comprises an isolation element, a primary side sub-circuit of the isolation element is directly driven by the control signal, and a secondary side sub-circuit of the isolation element is connected to the output end of the driving power supply.
The embodiment of the invention also provides power electronic equipment which comprises a power switching device and the power switching device driving circuit, wherein the output end of the power switching device driving circuit is connected to the control end of the power switching device.
According to the power switch device driving circuit and the power electronic equipment, the power switch device is directly driven by the driving power supply, an isolation transmission circuit is omitted, the cost of the whole driving circuit can be effectively reduced, and the area is reduced.
In addition, the power switch device is driven by the high-frequency pulse wave, so that the transmission error rate of the driving signal can be reduced, and the volume of the isolation transformer can be reduced. In addition, the embodiment of the invention can flexibly adjust the driving voltage and the driving voltage form according to the actual working condition of the power switch device, and reduce the switching loss of the power switch device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art power switching device driver circuit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power switching device driver circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of waveforms of control signals and driving voltages in a power switching device driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a driving power supply in a power switching device driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power switching device driving circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power switching device driving circuit according to another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the power switching device driving circuit provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a schematic diagram, and the power switching device driving circuit can be applied to driving of power switching devices (e.g., IGBT, SiC-MOSFET, etc.) in power electronic devices such as an inverter, a switching power supply, etc. The power switching device drive circuit of the present embodiment includes a dc converter 21, a drive power supply 22, and a controller 23.
The controller 23 may be a MCU, DSP, etc., which can be used from the upper levelAnd generating a control signal according to a control command of the machine, the feedback state of the power switch tube or the operation state of related equipment and the like. The output terminal of the controller 23 is connected to the signal input terminal of the driving power supply 22, and outputs the control signal generated thereby to the signal input terminal of the driving power supply 22. The control signal is typically a square wave V as shown in FIG. 3con。
The dc converter 21 is configured to convert an external input voltage into a voltage required to drive the power switching device 3 (i.e., a level value required to turn on the power switching device 3), and to supply the driving power source 22 with the converted voltage. Specifically, the dc converter 21 chops the constant dc voltage into a series of pulse voltages by fast on/off control of the power switching tube, and changes the pulse width of the pulse series by controlling the change of the duty ratio to adjust the average value of the output voltage, and then obtains the dc power with a predetermined voltage through filtering by the output filter.
The output terminal of the driving power source 22 is connected to the control terminal of the power switch device 3 (for example, the gate of the IGBT or the gate of the thyristor), and the driving power source 22 can generate a driving signal according to the signal at the signal input terminal (i.e., the control signal output by the controller 23) and output the driving signal to the control terminal of the power switch device 3, thereby implementing the on-off control of the power switch device 3.
The power switch device driving circuit directly generates the driving signal according to the control signal through the driving power supply 22, and drives the power switch device 3 by using the generated driving signal, so that an isolation transmission circuit is omitted, the cost of the whole driving circuit can be effectively reduced, and the area is reduced.
In particular, the driving signal may be a high-frequency pulse wave V as shown in fig. 3dri. Accordingly, the operating frequency of the driving power source 22 is much higher than the frequency of the control signal generated by the controller 23, for example, the operating frequency of the driving power source 22 is more than 100 times higher than the frequency of the control signal generated by the controller 23. During the period that the control signal is at high level, the driving signal generated by the driving power supply 22 has more switching times, so that even if the working condition of wave loss in transmission exists, the influence on the final driving signal is small, thereby effectively reducing the influenceLow drive signal transmission error rate. In addition, the duty ratio of the driving signal can be adjusted according to the requirement, so that the waveform of the driving signal of the power switching device is optimized, and the switching loss of the power switching device is reduced.
As shown in fig. 4, in an embodiment of the present invention, the driving power source 22 includes a transformer unit T, and the signal input terminal of the driving power source 22 is connected to the primary side of the transformer unit T via a first sub-circuit 221, and the output terminal of the driving power source 22 is connected to the secondary side of the transformer unit T via a second sub-circuit 222. The input and output voltages of the driving power source 22 are determined by the transformation ratio of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer unit T, and open-loop control is adopted.
Preferably, the driving power source 22 may include a push-pull circuit, that is, the first sub-circuit 221 includes a first switch tube Q1 and a second switch tube Q2, wherein the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are connected in series between two connection terminals of the primary winding of the transformer unit T, a connection point of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 is connected to a ground, and the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are respectively driven according to a control signal from a signal input end of the driving power source 22 (for example, through a chip drive that the input end is connected with the control signal and the output end is connected with the control ends of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2). And, a positive output terminal of the dc converter 21 is connected to a center tap of a primary winding of the transformer unit T, and a negative output terminal of the dc converter 21 is connected to a reference ground. The operating efficiency of the driving power supply 22 is high because both the leakage inductance and the copper resistance loss of the push-pull circuit are small.
In particular, the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 in the driving power supply 22 may be N-channel enhancement mode mosfets, respectively, wherein: the drain of the first switch tube Q1 is connected to one connection terminal of the primary winding of the transformer unit T, the drain of the second switch tube Q2 is connected to the other connection terminal of the primary winding of the transformer unit T, the sources of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are respectively connected to the reference ground, the gates of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are respectively connected to the signal input terminal of the driving power supply 22, and the control signals input to the gates of the first switch tube Q1 and the second switch tube Q2 are complementary (i.e., when the gate of the first switch tube Q1 is at a low level, the gate of the second switch tube Q2 is at a high level, and when the gate of the first switch tube Q1 is at a high level, the gate of the second switch tube Q2 is at a low level).
The second sub-circuit 222 may include a diode Ds1And a diode Ds1Has its cathode connected to one end of the secondary winding of the transformer unit T and its anode connected to the output terminal V of the driving power supply 22oPositive electrode + of (a). In addition, the second sub-circuit 222 may further include a capacitor Cs1Thereby absorbing the spikes in the driving signal and improving the quality of the driving signal.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the driving power supply 22 may generate the driving signal in a full-bridge chopping manner, that is, the first sub-circuit 221 includes four third switching tubes, the four third switching tubes are connected to form an H-bridge dc chopper, and the four third switching tubes are respectively driven according to the control signal from the signal input end of the driving power supply 22 (for example, chip driving in which the input end is connected to the control signal and the output end is connected to the control end of the third switching tube).
In addition, the driving power supply 22 may generate the driving signal in a half-bridge chopping manner, that is, the first sub-circuit 221 includes two fourth switching tubes, the two fourth switching tubes are connected to form a half-bridge dc chopper, and the two fourth switching tubes are respectively driven according to the control signal from the signal input end of the driving power supply 22 (for example, by a chip driver having an input end connected to the control signal and an output end connected to the control end of the fourth switching tube).
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power switching device driving circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. The power switching device driving circuit of the present embodiment may further include a sampling unit 24 and an isolation transmission unit 25 in addition to the dc converter 21, the driving power supply 22, and the controller 23.
The above-mentioned sampling unit 24 is connected to the power switching device 3 and is used for sampling the output current of the power switching device 3. The isolation transmission unit 25 is connected to the output end of the sampling unit 24, and after converting the output current sampled by the sampling unit 24 into a voltage signal, outputs the voltage signal to the controller 23 in an isolated manner; the controller 23 is connected to the dc converter 21, and controls the dc converter 21 to adjust the output voltage according to the voltage signal from the isolation transmission unit 25.
Through the structure, the power switch device driving circuit changes the voltage reference of the direct current converter 21 through operation according to the working condition of the power switch device, so that the voltage value output by the direct current converter 21 is changed, namely the driving voltage value is optimized, and the effect of reducing the switching loss of the power switch device according to the actual working condition is realized.
As shown in fig. 6, in the power switching device driving circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention, the control signal output by the controller 23 may be a high-frequency pulse wave (i.e., a high-frequency chopper circuit is integrated in the controller). In this case, the driving power source 22 includes an isolation element (specifically, the transformer unit T shown in fig. 4 or an optocoupler may be used), and a primary side sub-circuit of the isolation element is directly driven by the control signal (for example, a switch tube in the primary side sub-circuit is directly driven by the control signal), and a secondary side sub-circuit of the isolation element is connected to the output end of the driving power source 22. This embodiment does not require an additional chip in the driving power supply 22, and can also realize the output of the driving signal in the form of high-frequency pulses.
The embodiment of the invention also provides power electronic equipment which can be an inverter, a switching power supply and the like in an electric automobile and comprises a power switch device and the power switch device driving circuit, wherein the output end of the power switch device driving circuit is connected to the control end of the power switch device.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A power switching device driving circuit comprising a DC converter, a driving power supply, and a controller, wherein: the output end of the controller is connected to the signal input end of the driving power supply and outputs a control signal to the signal input end of the driving power supply; the direct current converter is used for converting an external input voltage into a voltage required by the driving power switch device and supplying power to the driving power supply by using the converted voltage; the output end of the driving power supply is connected to the control end of the power switch device, and the driving power supply generates and outputs a driving signal according to the control signal of the signal input end; the working frequency of the driving power supply is greater than the frequency of the control signal generated by the controller;
the control signal is a square wave, the driving signal is a high-frequency pulse wave, and the working frequency of the driving power supply is more than 100 times of the frequency of the control signal;
the driving power supply comprises a transformer unit, a signal input end of the driving power supply is connected to a primary side of the transformer unit through a first sub-circuit, and an output end of the driving power supply is connected to a secondary side of the transformer unit through a second sub-circuit; and the positive output end of the direct current converter is connected to the middle tap of the primary coil of the transformer unit, and the negative output end of the direct current converter is connected to the reference ground.
2. The power switching device driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-circuit includes a first switching transistor and a second switching transistor, the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor are connected in series between two connection terminals of the primary winding of the transformer unit, and a connection point of the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor is connected to a reference ground, and the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor are respectively driven according to a control signal from a signal input terminal of the driving power supply.
3. The power switching device driving circuit according to claim 2, wherein the first switching transistor and the second switching transistor are N-channel enhancement type metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, respectively, wherein: the drain electrode of the first switching tube is connected to one connecting terminal of the primary coil of the transformer unit, the drain electrode of the second switching tube is connected to the other connecting terminal of the primary coil of the transformer unit, the source electrodes of the first switching tube and the second switching tube are respectively connected with a reference ground, and signals input into the grid electrodes of the first switching tube and the second switching tube are complementary.
4. The power switching device driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-circuit includes four third switching tubes, the four third switching tubes are connected as an H-bridge dc chopper, and control terminals of the four third switching tubes are driven respectively according to control signals from signal input terminals of the driving power supply.
5. The power switching device driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first sub-circuit comprises two fourth switching tubes, the two fourth switching tubes are connected to form a half-bridge dc chopper, and control terminals of the two fourth switching tubes are respectively driven according to control signals from the signal input terminal of the driving power supply.
6. The power switching device driving circuit of claim 1, further comprising a sampling unit and an isolated transmission unit, wherein:
the sampling unit is used for sampling the output current of the power switch device;
the isolation transmission unit is connected to the output end of the sampling unit, converts the output current sampled by the sampling unit into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal to the controller in an isolation manner;
the controller is connected to the DC converter and controls the DC converter to adjust the output voltage according to the voltage signal from the isolation transmission unit.
7. A power electronic device comprising a power switching device and a power switching device driver circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and an output terminal of the power switching device driver circuit is connected to a control terminal of the power switching device.
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CN110391752A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-29 | 四川甘华电源科技有限公司 | A kind of isolated converter and its output voltage control method |
CN111267631B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2023-05-26 | 郑州智驱科技有限公司 | SIC motor controller circuit driving structure for passenger car based on HP2 |
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CN105939096A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-14 | 三垦电气株式会社 | Driving circuit for switching element |
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JP3260036B2 (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 2002-02-25 | 株式会社東芝 | Gate drive circuit for voltage-driven power switch element |
CN101640526B (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2012-09-05 | 广州金升阳科技有限公司 | IGBT driving circuit embedded with isolating source |
JP5310758B2 (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2013-10-09 | 株式会社デンソー | Semiconductor switching element drive circuit |
CN202455328U (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-09-26 | 厦门市爱维达电子有限公司 | Novel drive circuit module of MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) and IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Translator) switching devices |
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Address after: 215000 52 tianedang Road, Yuexi, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Suzhou Huichuan United Power System Co.,Ltd. Address before: 215000 52 tianedang Road, Yuexi Town, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: SUZHOU HUICHUAN UNITED POWER SYSTEM Co.,Ltd. |