CN110137581B - Ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110137581B CN110137581B CN201910298322.1A CN201910298322A CN110137581B CN 110137581 B CN110137581 B CN 110137581B CN 201910298322 A CN201910298322 A CN 201910298322A CN 110137581 B CN110137581 B CN 110137581B
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for a lithium ion battery, and belongs to the field of lithium battery state monitoring. The device comprises an ultrasonic transducer, a first resistor, a second resistor, a first Schottky diode, a second Schottky diode, a third Schottky diode, a diode group, an inductor, an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube and a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube; inputting a square wave signal into a grid electrode of an NMOS tube, inputting negative high voltage into a source electrode of the NMOS tube, and outputting the negative high voltage from a drain electrode to drive an ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic waves with adjustable parameters; meanwhile, complementary square wave signals are input into a grid electrode of a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube, a drain electrode of the PMOS is output to a drain electrode of an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube through the shaping of a diode group to control the turn-off of the NMOS tube, and the shaping degree of the waveform of the ultrasonic signals is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery monitoring, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for a lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium battery technology is rapidly developed, more and more lithium batteries are applied to the side of people, such as electric automobiles, mobile phones, watches and other equipment need to be powered by the lithium batteries, basically, the side of people can have the lithium batteries, but the potential safety hazard still exists in the use of the existing lithium batteries, dangerous accidents such as overheating and melting and explosion occur in a certain probability when the lithium batteries are improperly used, and personal safety is seriously threatened.
At present, the state monitoring of the lithium battery is basically realized by monitoring the electrical characteristics and temperature characteristics exhibited outside the lithium battery, but when some abnormal states occur to lithium ions, such as the abnormal states of bubbles, lithium precipitation and the like occurring inside the battery, the external electrical characteristics including voltage, current and the like of the lithium ion battery are not greatly different from those of a normal lithium ion battery, and the existing lithium battery detection method cannot effectively monitor the abnormal states; the risk of abnormal state inside the lithium ion battery is high, damage and even explosion can be caused if the abnormal state is not processed in time, and the problem that the problem cannot be solved only by measuring the electrical parameters of the lithium ion battery at present. Attempts have been made to monitor the internal abnormal state of a lithium ion battery using ultrasonic waves, but the following problems have arisen:
(1) at present, no ultrasonic wave parameter with the best matching degree with the lithium ion battery is found, when the lithium ion battery is subjected to ultrasonic wave, different ultrasonic wave parameters such as wave shape, frequency and pulse width are different, the capacity of reflecting the state of the lithium ion battery by an ultrasonic wave signal received by a receiving end is different, if the lithium ion battery is not subjected to ultrasonic wave by selecting proper ultrasonic wave parameters, the lithium ion battery information obtained by analysis is very little,
(2) the ultrasonic waves generated by the existing ultrasonic transducer are mainly multi-frequency point superposed ultrasonic waves and non-high-shaping ultrasonic waves; multiple higher harmonics are superposed in the multi-frequency point superposed ultrasonic waves, and in multiple use environments, the multiple higher harmonics are used to facilitate comparison experiment verification through the ultrasonic waves with different frequencies; in the ultrasonic monitoring of the lithium ion battery, a large amount of noise is introduced by the ultrasonic waves of the higher-order superposed harmonic waves, so that the observation and extraction of useful signals are influenced; for non-high-shaping ultrasonic waves, various parameters of the ultrasonic waves need to be replaced when the energy conversion sheet is replaced, the problems of cost and circuit design difficulty are considered for an ultrasonic generator in the market, meanwhile, in order to adapt to various use environments, a large dead zone margin is reserved when an ultrasonic generation circuit is designed, when the ultrasonic generator is used in ultrasonic monitoring of a lithium ion battery, the signal amplitude is temporarily changed and input and output signals are superposed, the output signal and the input signal amplitude are in a nonlinear relation, and the ultrasonic generator is not suitable for ultrasonic monitoring of the lithium ion battery,
due to the reasons, the research of ultrasonic monitoring lithium batteries is in a state of being stopped at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for a lithium ion battery, aiming at solving the technical problem of monitoring the abnormal state of the lithium ion battery by generating ultrasonic waves which are most matched with the monitoring of the lithium ion battery and monitoring the internal state of the lithium ion battery in real time.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for a lithium ion battery, comprising:
the device comprises an ultrasonic transducer, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first Schottky diode D1, a second Schottky diode D2, a third Schottky diode D3, a diode D4, a diode group D5, an inductor L1, an NMOS tube Q1 and a PMOS tube Q2;
the cathodes of the first Schottky diode D1 and the second Schottky diode D2 are connected to form a clamping circuit; one end of the first resistor R1, the anode of the second Schottky diode D2, the grid of the NMOS tube Q1 and the square wave signal input end are connected; the other end of the first resistor R1, the anode of the first Schottky diode D1, the source of the NMOS transistor Q1 and the negative high-voltage input end are connected; the drain of the NMOS tube Q1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D4;
one end of the second resistor R2, the negative electrode of the third Schottky diode D3 and the source electrode of the PMOS transistor Q2 are grounded; the other end of the second resistor R2, the anode of the third Schottky diode D3, the grid of the PMOS tube Q2 and the complementary square wave signal input end are connected; the drain of the PMOS tube Q2 is connected with the anode of the diode group D5;
the negative stage of the diode group D5, the positive electrode of the diode D4 and one end of an inductor L1 are connected, and the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with an ultrasonic transducer;
the frequency of the square wave signal is adjustable, and the duty ratio is adjustable; the waveform of the complementary square wave signal is complementary with that of the square wave signal, and a low level dead zone less than 0.01 microsecond is prefabricated on the complementary square wave signal;
the negative high voltage amplitude is adjustable.
Further, the device also comprises a third resistor R0 and an SMA interface, and the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with an ultrasonic transducer sheet through the SMA interface; and a third resistor R0 is connected between the input end of the SMA interface and the ground end in parallel.
Further, the diode group D5 includes a plurality of diodes connected in series.
Further, the ultrasonic wave energy conversion piece is installed at the lithium cell both ends, the ultrasonic wave energy conversion piece of lithium cell one end is at the output ultrasonic wave under the excitation of input signal, and inside this ultrasonic wave passed through the lithium cell, this ultrasonic signal was accepted to the ultrasonic wave energy conversion piece of the other side of lithium cell and is converted into the signal of telecommunication with it, carries out the analysis to this signal of telecommunication and obtains the inside state information of lithium ion battery.
Further, the electric signal is input to the FPGA chip, and the electric signal is analyzed by the FPGA chip to obtain the internal state information of the lithium ion battery.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic transducer is a circular piezoelectric ceramic plate polarized in the thickness direction.
Further, the square wave signal and the complementary square wave signal are generated by an FPGA.
Further, the FPGA uses a direct digital frequency synthesis technology DDS to generate a square wave signal and a complementary square wave signal, both of which have adjustable frequency and adjustable duty ratio, and the square wave signal and the complementary square wave signal are respectively output to a square wave signal input terminal and a complementary square wave signal input terminal through the SMA interface.
Furthermore, the negative high voltage is generated by the negative high voltage module and output to the negative high voltage input end, and the FPGA controls the negative high voltage module to generate the negative high voltage with adjustable amplitude through the SPI bus.
Furthermore, the frequency range of the square wave signal is between 2.1 and 2.3MHz, and the pulse width range is between 0.1905 and 0.214 microseconds; the negative high-voltage output voltage ranges from-200 to-400 volts.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the device of the invention promotes the turn-off of NMOS and the turn-on of PMOS through square wave signals and complementary square wave signals, generates square wave driving signals with adjustable frequency and pulse width, drives the ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic waves with adjustable parameters, and because the waveform of the complementary square wave signals is complementary with the waveform of the square wave signals and the complementary square wave signals are prefabricated with low level dead zones less than 0.01 microsecond, the generated ultrasonic waves also have rising edges and falling edges which change more rapidly, and the ultrasonic waves generated by the device of the invention can obtain the most information and the optimal signal-to-noise ratio when monitoring the abnormal state in the lithium ion battery;
(2) according to theoretical analysis and long-term experiments, the ultrasonic signal with the frequency range of 2.1-2.3MHz and the pulse width range of 0.1905-0.214 microseconds is most matched with the lithium battery, and when abnormal states such as bubbles, lithium precipitation and the like occur in the lithium battery, the ultrasonic wave with the parameters can obviously find the change of the amplitude and the frequency spectrum of the ultrasonic signal when the ultrasonic wave passes through the abnormal lithium battery in the state;
(3) the device generates square wave signals and complementary square wave signals through the FPGA, the frequency of the square wave signals is adjustable, and the duty ratio is adjustable; the waveform of the complementary square wave signal is complementary with that of the square wave signal, and the amplitude of the negative high-voltage signal is controlled by the FPGA, so that the FPGA product is mature, the technical popularity is high, and technicians can conveniently convert the production of the invention;
(4) the device provided by the invention is simple in structure and convenient to expand, and in a large-scale lithium battery array, monitoring of single lithium batteries in the large-scale lithium battery array can be realized only by respectively installing the ultrasonic energy conversion sheets at two ends of each lithium battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of waveforms of a square wave signal and a complementary square wave signal in the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the device of the present invention, which specifically includes an ultrasonic transducer, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a first schottky diode D1, a second schottky diode D2, a third schottky diode D3, a diode D4, a diode group D5, an inductor (L1), an NMOS transistor Q1, and a PMOS transistor Q2;
the cathodes of the first Schottky diode D1 and the second Schottky diode D2 are connected to form a clamping circuit; one end of the first resistor R1, the anode of the second Schottky diode D2, the grid of the NMOS tube Q1 and the square wave signal input end are connected; the other end of the first resistor R1, the anode of the first Schottky diode D1, the source of the NMOS transistor Q1 and the negative high-voltage input end are connected; the drain of the NMOS tube Q1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D4;
one end of the second resistor R2, the negative electrode of the third Schottky diode D3 and the source electrode of the PMOS transistor Q2 are grounded; the other end of the second resistor R2, the anode of the third Schottky diode D3, the grid of the PMOS tube Q2 and the complementary square wave signal input end are connected; the drain of the PMOS tube Q2 is connected with the anode of the diode group D5;
the negative stage of the diode group D5, the positive electrode of the diode D4 and one end of an inductor L1 are connected, and the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with an ultrasonic transducer;
the device also comprises a third resistor R0 and an SMA interface, and the other end of the inductor L1 is connected with an ultrasonic transducer sheet through the SMA interface; and a third resistor R0 is connected between the input end of the SMA interface and the ground end in parallel.
The diode group D5 includes a plurality of diodes connected in series.
The frequency of the square wave signal is adjustable, and the duty ratio is adjustable; the waveform of the complementary square wave signal is complementary with that of the square wave signal, and a low level dead zone less than 0.01 microsecond is prefabricated on the complementary square wave signal;
the negative high voltage amplitude is adjustable.
The ultrasonic wave transducing piece is installed at the lithium cell both ends, the ultrasonic wave transducing piece of lithium cell one end is at the ultrasonic wave of output under the excitation of input signal, and inside this ultrasonic wave passed through the lithium cell, this ultrasonic signal was accepted to the ultrasonic wave transducing piece of the other side of lithium cell and is converted into the signal of telecommunication with it, carries out the analysis to this signal of telecommunication and obtains the inside state information of lithium ion battery.
The electric signals are input into the FPGA chip, and the electric signals are analyzed through the FPGA chip to obtain the internal state information of the lithium ion battery.
The ultrasonic energy conversion piece is a circular piezoelectric ceramic piece polarized in the thickness direction.
The square wave signal and the complementary square wave signal are generated by an FPGA.
The FPGA generates a square wave signal and a complementary square wave signal with adjustable frequency and duty ratio by using a direct digital frequency synthesis technology DDS, and the square wave signal and the complementary square wave signal are respectively output to a square wave signal input end and a complementary square wave signal input end through the SMA interface.
The negative high voltage is generated by the negative high voltage module and output to the negative high voltage input end, and the FPGA controls the negative high voltage module to generate the negative high voltage with adjustable amplitude through the SPI bus.
The frequency range of the square wave signal is between 2.1 and 2.3MHz, and the pulse width range is between 0.1905 and 0.214 microsecond; the negative high-voltage output voltage ranges from-200 to-400 volts.
When the device works, the FPGA generates a square wave signal and a complementary square wave signal by using a DDS table lookup, a driving circuit outputs a signal to an NMOS transistor grid to realize the control of a switch tube Q1, meanwhile, the driving circuit outputs a signal to a PMOS transistor grid to realize the control of a switch tube Q2 in a complementary manner, negative high voltage is input from an NMOS source electrode, when the square wave signal is at a high level, a Q1(NMOS) transistor is switched on, the negative high voltage flows along the direction of a Q1 source electrode-Q1 drain electrode-D3 diode, and the negative high voltage is output from an SMA interface through an L1 to drive the ultrasonic transduction piece; at the moment, the output signals of the driving circuit are complemented into low level, and a Q2(PMOS) transistor is turned off; when the output signal of the driving circuit is low level and the output signal of the driving circuit is complementary to high level, the Q1(NMOS) transistor is turned off, the Q2(PMOS) transistor is turned on, the voltage of the connection point of L1 and D3 is pulled high by the forward serial connection of five diodes, so that the negative high voltage is rapidly eliminated, the falling edge of the turn-off of the ultrasonic signal is shortened, and the shaping degree of the ultrasonic wave mode is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the experimental environment of the present invention and the optimum ultrasonic parameters of the lithium ion battery used are shown in the figure, a waveform schematic diagram of the square wave signal and the complementary square wave signal under the condition is shown in the figure, it can be seen that the waveform of the complementary square wave signal is complementary to the waveform of the square wave signal, and the complementary square wave signal is preformed with a low level dead zone of 0.01 microseconds; the frequency of the square wave signal is 2.25MHz, and the pulse width is 0.19156 microseconds; the frequency of the complementary square wave signal is 2.25MHz, and the pulse width is 0.23511 microseconds.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, such that various modifications, equivalents and improvements may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic transducer plate, a first resistor (R1), a second resistor (R2), a first Schottky diode (D1), a second Schottky diode (D2), a third Schottky diode (D3), a diode (D4), a diode group (D5), an inductor (L1), an NMOS (Q1) and a PMOS (Q2);
the cathodes of the first Schottky diode (D1) and the second Schottky diode (D2) are connected to form a clamping circuit; one end of the first resistor (R1), the anode of the second Schottky diode (D2), and the grid of the NMOS tube (Q1) are connected with the square wave signal input end; the other end of the first resistor (R1), the positive electrode of the first Schottky diode (D1), the source electrode of the NMOS tube (Q1) and the negative high-voltage input end are connected; the drain electrode of the NMOS tube (Q1) is connected with the cathode electrode of the diode (D4);
one end of the second resistor (R2), the negative electrode of the third Schottky diode (D3) and the source electrode of the PMOS tube (Q2) are grounded; the other end of the second resistor (R2), the anode of the third Schottky diode (D3), the grid of the PMOS tube (Q2) and the complementary square wave signal input end are connected; the drain of the PMOS tube (Q2) is connected with the anode of the diode group (D5);
the negative stage of the diode group (D5), the positive electrode of the diode (D4) and one end of the inductor (L1) are connected, and the other end of the inductor (L1) is connected with the ultrasonic transducer;
the frequency of the square wave signal is adjustable, and the duty ratio is adjustable; the waveform of the complementary square wave signal is complementary with that of the square wave signal, and a low level dead zone less than 0.01 microsecond is prefabricated on the complementary square wave signal;
the negative high voltage amplitude is adjustable.
2. The ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, further comprising a third resistor (R0) and an SMA interface, wherein the other end of the inductor (L1) is connected with an ultrasonic transducer sheet through the SMA interface; and a third resistor (R0) is connected between the input end of the SMA interface and the ground end in parallel.
3. The ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the diode group (D5) comprises a plurality of diodes connected in series.
4. The ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer plates are installed at two ends of the lithium battery, the ultrasonic transducer plate at one end of the lithium battery outputs ultrasonic waves under the excitation of an input signal, the ultrasonic waves pass through the inside of the lithium battery, the ultrasonic transducer plate at the other side of the lithium battery receives the ultrasonic signals and converts the ultrasonic signals into electric signals, and the electric signals are analyzed to obtain the internal state information of the lithium ion battery.
5. The ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein an electrical signal is input to the FPGA chip, and the FPGA chip analyzes the electrical signal to obtain the internal state information of the lithium ion battery.
6. The ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for the lithium ion battery of claim 4, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is a circular piezoelectric ceramic plate polarized in the thickness direction.
7. The ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the square wave signal and the complementary square wave signal are generated by an FPGA.
8. The ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for the lithium ion battery according to claim 7, wherein the FPGA uses a direct digital frequency synthesis technology DDS to generate a square wave signal with adjustable frequency and adjustable duty ratio and a complementary square wave signal, and the square wave signal and the complementary square wave signal are respectively output to a square wave signal input end and a complementary square wave signal input end through an SMA interface.
9. The ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for the lithium ion battery according to claim 8, wherein the negative high voltage is generated by a negative high voltage module and output to a negative high voltage input end, and the FPGA controls the negative high voltage module to generate the negative high voltage with adjustable amplitude through an SPI bus.
10. The ultrasonic pulse monitoring device for the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the frequency range of the square wave signal is between 2.1 and 2.3MHz, and the pulse width range is between 0.1905 and 0.214 microseconds; the negative high-voltage output voltage ranges from-200 to-400 volts.
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| JPH06217980A (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1994-08-09 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Ultrasonic diagnostic device |
| CN102928506B (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-11-19 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Nondestructive defect detection method of lithium ion battery |
| DE102014012345A1 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Marquardt Gmbh | Function monitoring of batteries |
| CN109565089B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2024-03-19 | 里兰斯坦福初级大学理事会 | Battery condition monitoring using ultrasonic guided waves |
| EP3676902A1 (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2020-07-08 | Feasible, Inc. | Determination of characteristics of electrochemical systems using acoustic signals |
| CN109525226B (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2023-06-02 | 上海瑞影医疗科技有限公司 | High-voltage pulse transmitting circuit for ophthalmic ultrasonic diagnostic equipment |
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