CN110127655B - Method for preparing biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material by one-step calcination method - Google Patents
Method for preparing biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material by one-step calcination method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110127655B CN110127655B CN201910472075.2A CN201910472075A CN110127655B CN 110127655 B CN110127655 B CN 110127655B CN 201910472075 A CN201910472075 A CN 201910472075A CN 110127655 B CN110127655 B CN 110127655B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano material preparation, and discloses a method for preparing a biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material by a one-step calcination method. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of taking ginkgo leaves as a biomass carbon source, taking cobalt nitrate, ammonium nitrate and sodium hypophosphite as raw materials, wherein the mass ratio of the ginkgo leaves to the ammonium nitrate to the cobalt nitrate to the deionized water to the sodium hypophosphite is (1-2): 1.5E 3:0.25 to 2:12 to 24:1 to 8. And (3) performing calcination reaction in a tubular furnace, and adjusting the content of a carbon source, ammonium nitrate, cobalt nitrate and sodium hypophosphite, the reaction temperature and other variables to obtain the biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material. The method has the advantages of simple operation, low reaction temperature and low energy consumption. The prepared cobalt phosphide particles have good dispersibility on biomass carbon, uniform size and high stability. The biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide nano-composite electrode material prepared by the one-step method is applied to the electrocatalytic water-splitting hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, has excellent electrochemical performance and is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano material preparation, and relates to a method for preparing a biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material by a one-step calcination method, which is used for electrocatalytic water decomposition hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction.
Background
With the development of economy, rapid consumption of oil and gas has led to increasingly prominent environmental problems. Energy development and environmental protection become two important subjects facing the development of human society, and the problem that people are at the forefront at present is to find an environment-friendly new energy to replace petroleum or other fuels. The hydrogen energy has the advantages of rich raw material reserves, high calorific value, no pollution, sustainable development and the like, and becomes clean energy with the most development potential in the current society. Compared with fossil energy, a hydrogen energy source has: hydrogen element is most abundant in earth, H 2 Heat value of combustion ofHigh hydrogen energy, clean and environment-friendly energy and the like. However, there are currently three major routes for the hydrogen production industry: steam reforming of methane, coal gasification and electrolysis of water. The first two hydrogen production methods account for more than 95% of the total hydrogen production, while the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen only accounts for 4% of the total hydrogen production. The hydrogen production efficiency is far higher than that of electrolyzed water due to the perfection of the first two preparation methods. However, the water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is simple and fast, and byproducts are pollution-free, so that the method is an ideal hydrogen production method. There is a need for scientists to develop an ideal catalyst material to improve the efficiency of hydrogen production. Platinum group noble metals and their oxides are currently considered to be the most efficient catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen production, but are expensive and have limited their large-scale commercial use due to their low reserves.
In recent years, non-noble metal-based hydrogen evolution catalysts have replaced noble metal catalysts in performance and application, wherein transition metal phosphides (such as nickel phosphide, cobalt phosphide, iron phosphide and the like) exhibit excellent catalytic performance. Cobalt phosphide is concerned by researchers at home and abroad due to the characteristics of high catalytic hydrogen evolution activity, easy preparation and the like. And biomass energy is increasingly regarded as a widely-distributed, green and renewable energy source by various countries in the world. From a chemical perspective, the major constituent elements of biomass are C, H and O, while the major chemical compositions of fossil resources are C and H. Therefore, the characteristics and the utilization mode of the biomass have great similarity with fossil fuels, and the developed conventional energy technology can be fully utilized to develop and utilize biomass energy. The catalytic material obtained by compounding the cobalt phosphide and the biomass carbon has the advantages of excellent characteristics of the cobalt phosphide, high conductivity, high specific surface area, high stability, excellent acid and alkali resistance and unique electronic conduction characteristic of the biomass carbon material, so that the electrocatalytic activity of the catalytic material is further improved.
The traditional electrode material of the biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide is generally prepared by a two-step method. Firstly, preparing the biomass carbon-loaded cobaltosic oxide or cobalt simple substance at high temperature (700-1000 ℃). And then, phosphorizing the mixture at low temperature by sodium hypophosphite to generate the biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material. The method needs secondary tube furnace calcination, and has complex process flow, high reaction temperature and high energy consumption. The method adopts one-step low-temperature preparation to generate the electrode material of the biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide, and has the advantages of simple process flow, low reaction temperature and low energy consumption. The prepared finished product has good electrocatalytic cracking water performance and is suitable for industrial production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to prepare a biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material at a low temperature by adopting a one-step calcination method, and the material is used for electrocatalytic water decomposition hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. The raw materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, the operation is simple, the electrochemical performance is high, and the stability is good.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for preparing the biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material by the one-step calcination method comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively weighing ginkgo leaf powder, ammonium nitrate and cobalt nitrate into a beaker, adding deionized water, and ultrasonically dispersing uniformly for 1-6 h; then placing the mixture in an oven to be dried at constant temperature;
(2) And (2) placing the dried product in the step (1) at the tail end of a porcelain boat, weighing sodium hypophosphite at the front end of the porcelain boat, wrapping the porcelain boat with aluminum foil paper in a nitrogen atmosphere tube furnace, programming to the calcining temperature, and obtaining a black product after calcining.
In the step (1), the mass ratio of the ginkgo leaf powder, the ammonium nitrate, the cobalt nitrate and the deionized water is 1-2: 1.5 to 3:0.25 to 2:12 to 24.
Further, the mass ratio of the ginkgo leaf powder to the ammonium nitrate to the cobalt nitrate to the deionized water is 1:1.5:0.5:12.
in the step (1), the drying temperature is 40-80 ℃, and the drying time is 12-36 h.
The mass ratio of the sodium hypophosphite in the step (2) to the cobalt nitrate in the step (1) is 1-8: 0.25 to 2.
Further, the mass ratio of the sodium hypophosphite in the step (2) to the cobalt nitrate in the step (1) is 2:0.5.
in the step (2), the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the calcining temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the calcining time is 1-3 h.
Further, the calcination temperature was 500 ℃.
The biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material prepared by the method is used as an electrode material for water electrolysis, and is used for water decomposition hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of preparing biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide by a one-step method through low-temperature calcination and phosphorization (300-500 ℃), reacting ammonium nitrate and cobalt nitrate to generate a cobalt simple substance in the calcination process, activating and pyrolyzing biomass to obtain biomass carbon and leaving holes, decomposing sodium hypophosphite to generate phosphine, and finally carrying out oxidation reaction on cobalt and phosphine to obtain the biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material.
All reagents used in the experiment are analytically pure and are commercially available.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention synthesizes the biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material by using ginkgo leaf powder as a biomass carbon source, cobalt nitrate, ammonium nitrate and sodium hypophosphite as raw materials and utilizing a one-step calcination method through changing the mixture ratio and the reaction temperature of the raw materials.
(2) The method has the advantages of easily controlled operating conditions, simple industrial process, environmental protection and low energy consumption, ammonium nitrate can be completely decomposed in the reaction process, impurity removal is not needed, and the prepared electrode material has high purity, good crystal form, low impurity content, good dispersibility of cobalt phosphide particles on biomass carbon, uniform size and easy realization of industrialization.
(3) The ginkgo leaf powder used in the invention is easily obtained and abundant, and the biomass carbon material has the characteristics of high conductivity, high stability, excellent acid and alkali resistance and the like, and the excellent hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution performances of water electrolysis of cobalt phosphide, so that the biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material is applied to the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions of water electrolysis of electrocatalysis, and has the advantages of excellent electrochemical performance, wide working temperature range and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material synthesized in each example, wherein a-example 1,b-example 2,c-example 3;
FIG. 2 is a Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) of the as-synthesized biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material of each example, wherein a-example 1,b-example 2,c-example 3;
fig. 3 is a polarization plot of a biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material, wherein a-example 2,b-comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Weighing 1g of ginkgo leaf powder, 1.5g of ammonium nitrate and 0.25g of cobalt nitrate, mixing, adding 12g of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h, and placing in an oven at 40 ℃ for 24h. And (3) putting the dried product in the tail end of a porcelain boat, weighing 1g of sodium hypophosphite at the front end of the porcelain boat, and putting the porcelain boat which is half-wrapped by the aluminum foil paper into a nitrogen atmosphere tube furnace. Calcining at 300 ℃ for 1h at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min to obtain a black product. The XRD pattern is shown as a in figure 1, and the XRD curve conforms to the XRD standard cards (JCPDS NO.29-497 and JCPDS NO. 32-306) of cobalt phosphide, which indicates that the biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide is successfully prepared; the TEM image is shown in fig. 2 a, where cobalt phosphide is dispersed as spherical particles on the biomass carbon.
Example 2
Weighing 1g of ginkgo leaf powder, 1.5g of ammonium nitrate and 0.5g of cobalt nitrate, mixing, adding 12g of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2h, and placing in a 75 ℃ oven for 24h. And (3) putting the dried product in the tail end of a porcelain boat, weighing 2g of sodium hypophosphite at the front end of the porcelain boat, and putting the porcelain boat which is half-wrapped by the aluminum foil paper into a nitrogen atmosphere tube furnace. Calcining at 500 deg.C for 3h at a heating rate of 3 deg.C/min to obtain black product. The XRD pattern is shown as b in figure 1, and the XRD curve accords with XRD standard cards of cobalt phosphide (JCPDS NO.29-497 and JCPDS NO. 32-306), which indicates that the biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide is successfully prepared; the TEM image shows that the cobalt phosphide is spherically dispersed on the biomass carbon as shown in b in FIG. 2.
Example 3
Weighing 2g of ginkgo leaf powder, 3g of ammonium nitrate and 2g of cobalt nitrate, mixing, adding 24g of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 6 hours, and then placing in an oven at 80 ℃ for 36 hours for drying. And (3) putting the dried product in the tail end of a porcelain boat, weighing 8g of sodium hypophosphite at the front end of the porcelain boat, and putting the porcelain boat which is half-wrapped by the aluminum foil paper into a nitrogen atmosphere tube furnace. Calcining at 500 ℃ for 3h at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min to obtain a black product. The XRD pattern is shown as c in figure 1, the XRD curve conforms to the XRD standard card of cobalt phosphide (JCPDS NO.29-497 and JCPDS NO. 32-306), which indicates that the biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide is successfully prepared; the TEM image shows that the cobalt phosphide was dispersed as spherical particles on the biomass carbon, as shown in c of fig. 2.
Comparative example 1
0.5g of cobalt nitrate is contained at the tail end of the porcelain boat, 2g of sodium hypophosphite is weighed at the front end of the porcelain boat, and the porcelain boat is half-wrapped by aluminum foil paper and placed in a nitrogen atmosphere tube furnace. Calcining at the temperature rise rate of 3 ℃/min for 3h at the temperature of 500 ℃ to obtain the cobalt phosphide solid.
Catalytic experiment:
the samples prepared in example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example 1 are used as catalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions of electrolyzed water, and the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions of the electrolyzed water are carried out under alkaline conditions. Samples 4mg, 250. Mu.L of ethanol, 720. Mu.L of water and 30. Mu.L of 5% Nafion solution were weighed out separately and mixed in a 2ml test tube, followed by sonication for 0.5h to form a homogeneous solution. In a three-electrode electrolytic cell, 5. Mu.L of the above solution containing the prepared catalyst was dropped on a glassy carbon electrode (d =3.0 mm) to prepare a working electrode. A saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode and a platinum wire as a counter electrode.
FIG. 3 a is a graph showing the polarization curves of the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions of the electrolyzed water of example 2, the current density of which is 10mA cm –2 The overpotential at (A) is 262.5mV and 320mV respectively.
FIG. 3 b is a graph showing the polarization curves of the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions of the electrolyzed water of comparative example 1, the current density of which is 10mA cm –2 The overpotential at (A) is 464mV and 421.5mV, respectively. The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for preparing the biomass carbon-loaded cobalt phosphide electrode material by the one-step calcination method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Respectively weighing ginkgo leaf powder, ammonium nitrate and cobalt nitrate into a beaker, adding deionized water, and ultrasonically dispersing uniformly for 1-6 h; then placing the mixture in an oven to be dried at constant temperature;
(2) Putting the dried product in the step (1) into the tail end of a porcelain boat, weighing sodium hypophosphite at the front end of the porcelain boat, wrapping the porcelain boat with aluminum foil paper in a nitrogen atmosphere tube furnace, programming to the calcining temperature, and calcining at 300-500 ℃ for 1-3 h to obtain a black product.
2. The method for preparing the biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material through the one-step calcination process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the ginkgo biloba leaf powder, the ammonium nitrate, the cobalt nitrate and the deionized water is 1-2: 1.5 to 3:0.25 to 2:12 to 24.
3. The method for preparing the biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material by the one-step calcination process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the ginkgo leaf powder, the ammonium nitrate, the cobalt nitrate and the deionized water is 1:1.5:0.5:12.
4. the method for preparing the biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material by the one-step calcination method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the drying temperature is 40-80 ℃ and the drying time is 12-36 h.
5. The method for preparing the biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material by the one-step calcination method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium hypophosphite in the step (2) to the cobalt nitrate in the step (1) is 1-8: 0.25 to 2.
6. The method for preparing the biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material by the one-step calcination method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium hypophosphite in the step (2) to the cobalt nitrate in the step (1) is 2:0.5.
7. the one-step calcination process for preparing a biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature rise rate is 3 ℃/min.
8. The one-step calcination process for preparing a biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the calcination temperature is 500 ℃.
9. A biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material characterized by being produced by the production method as recited in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the biomass carbon-supported cobalt phosphide electrode material as defined in claim 9 as an electrode material for electrolysis of water for hydrogen evolution reactions and oxygen evolution reactions in water decomposition.
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| CN114335487A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-12 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Preparation method and application of cobalt phosphide/carbon composite electrode material |
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