CN110125203B - Metal material die-type reciprocating extrusion device suitable for one-way four-column hydraulic press - Google Patents

Metal material die-type reciprocating extrusion device suitable for one-way four-column hydraulic press Download PDF

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CN110125203B
CN110125203B CN201910183757.1A CN201910183757A CN110125203B CN 110125203 B CN110125203 B CN 110125203B CN 201910183757 A CN201910183757 A CN 201910183757A CN 110125203 B CN110125203 B CN 110125203B
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extrusion
die sleeve
cavity
reciprocating
die
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CN110125203A (en
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郝孟一
王资璐
张明杰
黄利军
李臻熙
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AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials
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AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/32—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by plungers under fluid pressure
    • B30B1/34—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by plungers under fluid pressure involving a plurality of plungers acting on the platen

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

The invention is a metal material die-moving type reciprocating extrusion device suitable for unidirectional four-column hydraulic press, the device includes upper and lower ejector pins, prestressed frame structure, reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinder, extrusion outer die sleeve, extrusion inner die sleeve, upper and lower padding, heating system, hydraulic control system, etc., the device utilizes the main pressure of the existing four-column hydraulic press to lock the die-moving type reciprocating extrusion device up and down, and then 4 hydraulic cylinders are utilized to realize the reciprocating motion of the die-moving type reciprocating extrusion device, the structure is simple, the cost is greatly reduced, and the reciprocating extrusion speed is continuously adjustable, different requirements of different materials on the plastic deformation speed can be met, and the applicable metal material range is wider; under the action of three-way pressure stress, the reciprocating extrusion of the extrusion blank (13) is carried out for a plurality of times, so that the extrusion blank (13) accumulates larger deformation, the structural defects of cracks, gaps and the like in the metal deformation process are obviously improved, and simultaneously, metal grains can be effectively refined through the reciprocating extrusion.

Description

Metal material die-type reciprocating extrusion device suitable for one-way four-column hydraulic press
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal material die-type reciprocating extrusion device (hereinafter referred to as reciprocating extrusion device) suitable for a one-way four-column hydraulic press, belonging to the field of metal material plastic deformation.
Background
Large amounts of strain are a common development in various plastic deformation techniques. For example, the traditional rolling is developed into Accumulation Rolling (ARB), the forging is developed into multiple (reverse) forging (MF), the conventional extrusion is developed into high-ratio extrusion (HRE), the conventional extrusion is continuously developed into equal channel angular extrusion (ecaaor ECAP), reciprocating extrusion (RE or CEC), and the torsional deformation is developed into high-pressure torsion (HPT). The large strain plastic deformation technique is called a large plastic deformation technique (SPD). The large plastic deformation technology has strong grain refining capability, can directly refine the internal structure of the material to submicron or even nanometer, and is recognized as the most promising method for preparing bulk nanometer by the international material science. The reciprocating extrusion technique, as one of the representatives of the large plastic deformation technique, has many advantages: 1. large strain capacity and strong grain refining capability: 2. the simultaneous pressing and compression allows the metal and alloy to obtain any large strain without the risk of cracking; 3. continuous deformation without changing the original shape of the sample; 4. the material is basically in a compressive stress state in the deformation process, which is beneficial to eliminating various defects of the initial structure of the material; 5. the processing temperature range is wide. However, the reciprocating extrusion technology has not been really applied to engineering at present, mainly because of the following bottlenecks: 1. along with the increase of the specification of the extruded blank, the requirement on the equipment capacity is higher, and the cost is higher; 2. the existing market lacks suitable bidirectional extrusion equipment to realize a reciprocating extrusion process, and special equipment is needed in most cases; 3. in the prior part of researches, the reciprocating extrusion process is realized by utilizing the up-and-down rotation of an extrusion die, on one hand, the efficiency is lower, and on the other hand, the blank is only subjected to unidirectional compressive stress in the extrusion process, so that the effect of improving the internal defects of the material is weaker. 4. The high-temperature reciprocating extrusion has higher requirements on an extrusion die and larger die loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a metal material die type reciprocating extrusion device suitable for a one-way four-column hydraulic press aiming at the defects in the prior art, and aims to realize reciprocating extrusion by using a conventional four-column hydraulic press as an equipment carrier so as to achieve the purpose of refining metal grains and overcome the bottleneck problem of the conventional reciprocating extrusion technology.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the metal material die-type reciprocating extrusion device suitable for the one-way four-column hydraulic machine is characterized in that: the device comprises an extrusion outer die sleeve 6, wherein symmetrical bearing arms 25 are arranged on the periphery of the extrusion outer die sleeve 6, two ends of each symmetrical bearing arm 25 are positioned between piston rods of an upper reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinder 4 and a lower reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinder 4 of a reciprocating extrusion device, symmetrical guide arms 24 perpendicular to the symmetrical bearing arms 25 are also arranged on the periphery of the extrusion outer die sleeve 6 and sleeved on symmetrical guide posts 21 of the reciprocating extrusion device, and the symmetrical guide posts 21 are locked with a prestressed frame of the reciprocating extrusion device through symmetrical guide post locking nuts 20;
a through hole is processed along the central axis of the extrusion outer die sleeve 6, an intermediate deformation die sleeve 14 is fixedly arranged in the through hole, a bidirectional opening cavity with a variable cross section is processed along the central axis of the intermediate deformation die sleeve 14 to serve as a die cavity, an extrusion blank 13 is filled into the die cavity, and an upper ejector rod 1 and a lower ejector rod 19 of a hydraulic machine are used for plugging an upper opening and a lower opening of the die cavity through an upper padding material 12 and a lower padding material 16 respectively;
when the reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinder 4 of the hydraulic press drives the extrusion outer die sleeve 6 and the extrusion outer die sleeve 6 drives the middle deformation die sleeve 14 to move up and down, the extrusion blank 13 deforms in the die cavity along with the up and down movement of the die cavity of the middle deformation die sleeve 14.
Further, an upper mandril 1 and a lower mandril 19 of the hydraulic press respectively pass through the upper padding 12
A lower gasket 16 seals the upper and lower openings of the mold cavity.
Further, an upper extrusion inner die sleeve 11 is arranged above the middle deformation die sleeve 14 and is fixed by an upper extrusion cavity sealing cover 10 arranged at the upper end of the through hole of the extrusion outer die sleeve 6; a lower extrusion inner die sleeve 17 is arranged below the middle deformation die sleeve 14 and is fixed by a lower extrusion cavity cover 18 arranged at the lower end of the through hole of the extrusion outer die sleeve 6.
Further, the sides of the upper and lower extrusion inner dies 11 and 17 are fixed by a jack screw 27 mounted on the extrusion outer die 6.
Further, the upper extrusion inner die sleeve 11 above the middle deformation die sleeve 14 is fixed in position through an upper positioning block 28 on the contact surface; the lower squeeze inner die sleeve 17 below the intermediate deforming die sleeve 14 is held in place by a lower locating block 26 on the contact surface.
Further, the die cavity processed along the central axis of the middle deformation die sleeve 14 adopts a three-section design, namely an upper section inner cavity, a middle section inner cavity and a lower section cavity, and the surfaces of the three sections of inner cavities are in gapless smooth transition;
the inner cavity of the upper section is a cylindrical cavity with a uniform section, the inner cavity of the lower section is a cylindrical cavity with a uniform section, the inner diameters of the two cylindrical cavities are the same, and the inner cavity of the middle section is a funnel-shaped cavity with a variable section.
Further, an induction heating element 15 is provided along the outer circumferential surface of the intermediate deforming die sleeve 14 for heating the extruded blank 13.
Further, an alternating current or a direct current is applied between the upper ram 1 and the lower ram 19 of the hydraulic press to heat the extruded billet 13 in the die cavity.
The unidirectional four-column hydraulic machine is provided with four reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinders 4, a prestress frame of the unidirectional four-column hydraulic machine comprises an upper cross beam 3 and a lower cross beam 8, the upper cross beam 3 and the lower cross beam 8 are connected through a frame upright post 7 and connected with a pre-tightening nut 2 through a prestress pull rod 5, the lower cross beam 9 is installed on a movable workbench 29 through a support 9, the workbench 29 is arranged on a base 30 of the four-column hydraulic machine, and an upper sliding block 31 of the four-column hydraulic machine is arranged above an upper ejector rod 1.
In the assembly, an intermediate deformation die sleeve 14, an upper padding 12, a lower padding 16, an upper extrusion inner die sleeve 11, an upper extrusion cavity sealing cover 10, a lower extrusion inner die sleeve 17 and a lower extrusion cavity sealing cover 18 are combined into an extrusion inner die 22, and a feeding port 23 filled with an extrusion blank 13 is processed in the center of the upper extrusion cavity sealing cover 10. A discharge opening for filling the extrusion billet 13 is machined in the center of the lower extrusion chamber cover 18.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
1. under the action of three-dimensional compressive stress, the reciprocating extrusion and extrusion of the blank 13 obviously improves the structural defects such as cracks, gaps and the like in the metal deformation process, and can effectively refine metal grains through reciprocating extrusion;
2. the mould-moving type reciprocating extrusion device is locked up and down by utilizing the main pressure of the existing four-column hydraulic press, and the reciprocating motion of the mould-moving type reciprocating extrusion device is realized by utilizing 4 hydraulic cylinders, so that the structure is simple, the cost is greatly reduced, the reciprocating extrusion speed is continuously adjustable, different requirements of different materials on the plastic deformation speed can be met, and the range of applicable metal materials is wider;
3. after once charging, repeated reciprocating extrusion can be carried out, so that the extrusion blank 13 accumulates larger deformation, the production efficiency is greatly improved and the cost is reduced compared with the common free forging mode;
4. the invention can realize dozens of continuous reciprocating extrusion processes under high temperature, shortens the process flow compared with the traditional forging cogging or extrusion process, greatly improves the production efficiency and reduces the production cost.
5. The feeding diameter and the discharging diameter of the extrusion blank 13 are equal, the material yield of the bar prepared by brittle metal materials such as titanium-aluminum intermetallic compounds is obviously improved, and the bar can be used for preparing larger-size metal bars.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an installation structure of a die-driven type reciprocating extrusion apparatus
FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 1 with the upper stem 1 removed
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a die-driven reciprocal pressing device
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further detailed in the following by combining the drawings and the embodiment:
referring to the attached drawings 1-3, the metal material die-moving type reciprocating extrusion device suitable for the unidirectional four-column hydraulic press comprises an extrusion outer die sleeve 6, symmetrical bearing arms 25 are arranged on the periphery of the extrusion outer die sleeve 6, two ends of each symmetrical bearing arm 25 are located between piston rods of an upper reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinder 4 and a lower reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinder 4 of the reciprocating extrusion device, symmetrical guide arms 24 perpendicular to the symmetrical bearing arms 25 are further arranged on the periphery of the extrusion outer die sleeve 6 and sleeved on symmetrical guide columns 21 of the reciprocating extrusion device, and the symmetrical guide columns 21 are locked with a prestress frame of the reciprocating extrusion device through symmetrical guide column locking nuts 20;
a through hole is processed along the central axis of the extrusion outer die sleeve 6, an intermediate deformation die sleeve 14 is fixedly arranged in the through hole, a bidirectional opening cavity with a variable cross section is processed along the central axis of the intermediate deformation die sleeve 14 to serve as a die cavity, an extrusion blank 13 is filled into the die cavity, and an upper ejector rod 1 and a lower ejector rod 19 of a hydraulic machine are used for plugging an upper opening and a lower opening of the die cavity through an upper padding material 12 and a lower padding material 16 respectively;
when the reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinder 4 of the hydraulic press drives the extrusion outer die sleeve 6 and the extrusion outer die sleeve 6 drives the middle deformation die sleeve 14 to move up and down, the extrusion blank 13 deforms in the die cavity along with the up and down movement of the die cavity of the middle deformation die sleeve 14.
Wherein: the upper ejector rod 1 and the lower ejector rod 19 of the hydraulic machine respectively seal the upper opening and the lower opening of the die cavity through an upper padding 12 and a lower padding 16.
Wherein: an upper extrusion inner die sleeve 11 is arranged above the middle deformation die sleeve 14 and is fixed by an upper extrusion cavity sealing cover 10 arranged at the upper end of the through hole of the extrusion outer die sleeve 6; a lower extrusion inner die sleeve 17 is arranged below the middle deformation die sleeve 14 and is fixed by a lower extrusion cavity sealing cover 18 arranged at the lower end of the through hole of the extrusion outer die sleeve 6; the side surfaces of the upper extrusion inner die sleeve 11 and the lower extrusion inner die sleeve 17 are fixed at positions through jackscrews 27 arranged on the extrusion outer die sleeve 6; the upper extrusion inner die sleeve 11 above the middle deformation die sleeve 14 is fixed in position through an upper positioning block 28 on a contact surface; the lower squeeze inner die sleeve 17 below the intermediate deforming die sleeve 14 is held in place by a lower locating block 26 on the contact surface.
Wherein: the die cavity processed along the central axis of the middle deformation die sleeve 14 adopts a three-section design, namely an upper section inner cavity, a middle section inner cavity and a lower section inner cavity, and the surfaces of the three sections of inner cavities are in gapless smooth transition; the inner cavity of the upper section is a cylindrical cavity with a uniform section, the inner cavity of the lower section is a cylindrical cavity with a uniform section, the inner diameters of the two cylindrical cavities are the same, and the inner cavity of the middle section is a funnel-shaped cavity with a variable section.
Wherein: an induction heating element 15 is provided along the outer circumferential surface of the intermediate deforming die sleeve 14 for heating the extrusion billet 13.
Wherein: an alternating current or a direct current is applied to the inside of the induction heating element 15 to heat the extrusion material 13 in the die cavity or the heating wire is directly used to heat the extrusion material 13 in the die cavity.
The extrusion outer die sleeve 6 is made of high-strength die steel material, the thickness is determined after strength check according to the extrusion force of the whole set of device and the size of the extrusion blank 13, and the working temperature is about 400 ℃. The extrusion outer die sleeve 6 is provided with a water cooling hole in the axial direction and used for being connected with cooling circulating water for cooling, and the size of the water cooling hole is determined according to the heating temperature of the deformation die sleeve and the temperature resistance of the selected material of the extrusion outer die sleeve 6 after heat exchange calculation.
The upper and lower extrusion inner die sleeves of the extrusion inner die sleeve 22 are both of hollow cylindrical structures, the size of the hollow cavity is determined according to the diameter of the extrusion blank 13, and the diameter of the hollow cavity is 0.2-1mm larger than that of the extrusion blank 13. Go up and extrude interior die sleeve 11, down and extrude interior die sleeve 17 and middle deformation die sleeve 14 contact end face and should design positioning groove, can not take place radial dislocation through upper and lower locating piece assurance upper and lower extrusion interior die sleeve and middle deformation die sleeve assembly back, jackscrew 27 guarantees upper and lower extrusion outer die sleeve axial relatively fixed through the screw hole screw in, can not appear sliding from top to bottom in the extrusion process. The upper and lower extrusion inner die sleeves are made of heat-resistant materials, and the common working temperature is above 900 ℃.
The diameter-variable shape of the central die cavity of the middle deformation die sleeve 14 can be designed into different diameter-variable shapes according to requirements, the material is high-temperature resistant material, and the working temperature can reach more than 1100 ℃. The outer wall of the middle deformation die sleeve 14 is provided with a plurality of horizontal through holes or ring grooves for installing induction heating elements 15 or heating resistance wires, and the induction heating elements 15 are induction coils. The maximum heating temperature of induction heating is not lower than 1150 ℃, the temperature uniformity is better than +/-20 ℃, and the precision of a temperature control instrument is better than +/-1 ℃.
The 4 reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinders 4 are symmetrically fixed on the upper and lower beams in pairs, and the piston rods of the reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinders are contacted with the upper and lower surfaces of the symmetrical bearing arms 25 and can be fixed through threads or contacted through guide blind holes.
The upper and lower padding materials can be processed into solid cylinders, and powder materials can also be directly used. The upper and lower padding materials should be easily deformable and non-reactive with the extrusion blank 13. The material of the extruded blank 13 is the same or similar to that of the extruded blank, and a lubricating material such as graphite, glass powder and the like can be selected. The volume of the upper and lower bolster volumes should be slightly larger than the cavity volume of the intermediate deforming die set 14.
The main power of the hydraulic control system can be a power source of a hydraulic station of a unidirectional four-column hydraulic machine, and an independent hydraulic station can also be configured. The hydraulic system recommends the use of a variable hydraulic pump and a servo proportional hydraulic valve, and ensures that the pressure intensity is continuously adjustable. The hydraulic control system needs to realize the synchronous action of a plurality of hydraulic oil cylinders, and the displacement difference of the plurality of hydraulic oil cylinders is within 0.2 mm. The hydraulic control system is required to ensure that the up-and-down moving speed of the extrusion outer die sleeve is continuously adjustable, and the speed range is usually between 0.1mm/s and 100 mm/s.
The upper ejector rod 1 is rigidly connected with a workbench 32T-shaped groove of an upper sliding block 31 of the unidirectional four-column hydraulic press through a bolt, a lower ejector rod 19 is in clearance fit with a lower ejector rod positioning groove of a lower cross beam 8, the upper ejector rod and the lower ejector rod are of transition reducing structures, the strength and the rigidity of the ejector rods meet the extrusion requirement of preparing titanium alloy fine-grained bars with the diameter of 50mm during extrusion, and the unidirectional four-column hydraulic press has the following main technical parameters:
parameters of 4500 ton four-column hydraulic press
The size of the working table top is as follows: 2300mm x 1800mm
Nominal pressure: 45000KN
The stroke of the slide block: 1250mm
Opening height: 3000mm
The main technical parameters of the reciprocating extrusion device are as follows:
reciprocating extrusion force: 5000KN, continuously adjustable
Reciprocating extrusion stroke: plus or minus 150mm
And (3) extruding the bar stock specification: diameter of
Figure GDA0002114134520000071
Length 100mm
Heating temperature: the maximum temperature is 1150 ℃, and the average temperature is better than +/-15 DEG C
Reciprocating extrusion speed: 0.1mm/s-100mm/s, and is continuously adjustable.
The operation process of the device of the invention is as follows:
the working process comprises the following steps:
step one, heating the intermediate deformation die sleeve 14. Starting a power supply and a cooling water system of the induction heating element 15, and heating to a set temperature;
and step two, preheating and extruding the blank. Placing the extrusion blank 13 in a high-temperature resistance heating furnace, and heating to a set temperature;
and step three, charging. Sequentially placing a lower padding 16, an extrusion blank 13 and an upper padding 12 into a die cavity of an intermediate deformation die sleeve 14; if the upper padding material and the lower padding material are powdery, pouring powder of the lower padding material into the upper padding material, then filling the extrusion blank 13 into the lower padding material, and then pouring powder of the upper padding material into the upper padding material;
and step four, pre-extruding. Carrying the upper ejector rod 1 to move downwards by the upper sliding block 31 of the 4500-ton four-column hydraulic press, and extruding the extrusion blank 13 into a die cavity of the middle deformation die sleeve 14;
and step five, extruding in a reciprocating manner. Setting parameters such as extrusion speed, reciprocating extrusion times, extrusion stroke and the like of the fixed dynamic reciprocating extrusion device, and starting reciprocating extrusion;
and step six, discharging. After the reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinder 4 finishes the last upward movement of 150mm, stopping reciprocating extrusion and withdrawing the lower ejector rod 19; and (3) driving the upper sliding block 31 of the 4500-ton hydraulic press to bring the upper ejector rod 1 back to the upper limit position, adding padding into the die cavity of the middle deformation die sleeve 14, driving the upper ejector rod 1 to move downwards by the upper sliding block 31 of the four-column hydraulic press, and extruding the extruded blank 13 downwards out of the die cavity to finish discharging.
The above description is only a typical process route proposed by the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modifications, alterations and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments according to the substance of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a metal material die-type extrusion device that reciprocates which is applicable to one-way four post hydraulic press which characterized in that: the device comprises an extrusion outer die sleeve (6), wherein symmetrical bearing arms (25) are arranged on the periphery of the extrusion outer die sleeve (6), two ends of each symmetrical bearing arm (25) are positioned between piston rods of an upper reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinder (4) and a lower reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinder (4) of a reciprocating extrusion device, symmetrical guide arms (24) perpendicular to the symmetrical bearing arms (25) are further arranged on the periphery of the extrusion outer die sleeve (6) and sleeved on symmetrical guide columns (21) of the reciprocating extrusion device, and the symmetrical guide columns (21) are locked with a prestressed frame of the reciprocating extrusion device through symmetrical guide column locking nuts (20);
a through hole is processed along the central axis of the extrusion outer die sleeve (6), an intermediate deformation die sleeve (14) is fixedly arranged in the through hole, a bidirectional opening cavity with a variable cross section is processed along the central axis of the intermediate deformation die sleeve (14) to serve as a die cavity, an extrusion blank (13) is filled into the die cavity, and an upper ejector rod (1) and a lower ejector rod (19) of a hydraulic machine are used for plugging an upper opening and a lower opening of the die cavity through an upper padding material (12) and a lower padding material (16) respectively;
when the reciprocating extrusion hydraulic cylinder (4) of the hydraulic press drives the extrusion outer die sleeve (6) and the extrusion outer die sleeve (6) drives the middle deformation die sleeve (14) to move up and down, the extrusion blank (13) deforms in the die cavity along with the up and down movement of the die cavity of the middle deformation die sleeve (14).
2. A modular reciprocating extrusion device of metal material suitable for unidirectional four-column hydraulic machine, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an upper extrusion inner die sleeve (11) is arranged above the middle deformation die sleeve (14) and is fixed by an upper extrusion cavity sealing cover (10) arranged at the upper end of the through hole of the extrusion outer die sleeve (6); a lower extrusion inner die sleeve (17) is arranged below the middle deformation die sleeve (14) and is fixed by a lower extrusion cavity sealing cover (18) arranged at the lower end of the through hole of the extrusion outer die sleeve (6).
3. A modular reciprocating extrusion device of metal material suitable for unidirectional four-column hydraulic machine, as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the side surfaces of the upper extrusion inner die sleeve (11) and the lower extrusion inner die sleeve (17) are fixed at fixed positions through jackscrews (27) arranged on the extrusion outer die sleeve (6).
4. A modular reciprocating extrusion device of metal material adapted for use in a one-way four-column hydraulic machine, as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the upper extrusion inner die sleeve (11) above the middle deformation die sleeve (14) is fixed in position through an upper positioning block (28) on a contact surface; the lower extrusion inner die sleeve (17) below the middle deformation die sleeve (14) is fixed in position through a lower positioning block (26) on the contact surface.
5. A modular reciprocating extrusion device of metal material suitable for unidirectional four-column hydraulic machine, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the die cavity processed along the central axis of the middle deformation die sleeve (14) adopts a three-section design, namely an upper section inner cavity, a middle section inner cavity and a lower section inner cavity, and the surfaces of the three sections of inner cavities are in gapless smooth transition;
the inner cavity of the upper section is a cylindrical cavity with a uniform section, the inner cavity of the lower section is a cylindrical cavity with a uniform section, the inner diameters of the two cylindrical cavities are the same, and the inner cavity of the middle section is a funnel-shaped cavity with a variable section.
6. A modular reciprocating extrusion device of metal material suitable for unidirectional four-column hydraulic machine, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an induction heating element (15) is provided along the outer circumferential surface of the intermediate deforming die sleeve (14) for heating the extrusion billet (13).
7. A modular reciprocating extrusion device of metal material suitable for unidirectional four-column hydraulic machine, as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an alternating current or a direct current is loaded between an upper ejector rod (1) and a lower ejector rod (19) of the hydraulic press to heat the extrusion billet (13) in the die cavity.
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