CN110124965B - Method for preparing super-hydrophobic surface by compounding electric spark machining and spraying method - Google Patents
Method for preparing super-hydrophobic surface by compounding electric spark machining and spraying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110124965B CN110124965B CN201910510620.2A CN201910510620A CN110124965B CN 110124965 B CN110124965 B CN 110124965B CN 201910510620 A CN201910510620 A CN 201910510620A CN 110124965 B CN110124965 B CN 110124965B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/002—Pretreatement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/007—After-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/14—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by electrical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2350/00—Pretreatment of the substrate
- B05D2350/30—Change of the surface
- B05D2350/33—Roughening
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface by compounding an electric spark machining and spraying method. The method solves the problems caused by the soaking method of using a low surface energy reagent such as a fluorinating agent in process and cost, the stability of carbon ensures that the prepared metal material super-hydrophobic surface has the characteristics of wear resistance and high stability, and the method has the advantages of simple process, low cost, convenience for large-scale production and application to actual production and life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric spark machining, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface by combining electric spark machining with a spraying method.
Background
The super-hydrophobic surface refers to a surface with a static contact angle of more than 150 degrees and a rolling angle of less than 10 degrees on a solid surface of a water drop. Many phenomena in nature are reflected by super-hydrophobic surfaces, such as butterfly wings, lotus leaves, water striders and the like, and the super-hydrophobic surfaces have a series of excellent performances, such as resistance reduction, corrosion resistance, self-cleaning performance and the like. The application of the composite material in the fields of industrial production and the like can effectively enhance the service performance of products and has good application prospect. Experimental research finds that the super-hydrophobic surface is a result of combined action of a micro-nano structure and surface chemical components, and because the strength of the nano structure is low, the surface is often failed due to easy abrasion, and the abrasion resistance of the super-hydrophobic surface becomes a problem which limits the wide application of the super-hydrophobic surface and needs to be solved urgently. The existing super-hydrophobic surface preparation methods such as self-assembly, hydrothermal reaction, electrostatic spinning and laser processing methods have many condition limitations such as cost problem and complex process, so that the method is difficult to popularize and apply to large-scale industrial production.
The electric spark machining method is a typical special machining method, and mainly utilizes a pulse power supply between a workpiece and a tool electrode to apply high voltage, and achieves the effect of removing materials through spark discharge between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The electric spark machining method is very suitable for machining high-strength materials because no macroscopic acting force exists between a tool and a workpiece, and the problem of electrode loss in the machining process causes the problem of precision in the application process. In the electric spark discharge machining process, interelectrode electric energy is converted into heat energy to melt and vaporize the material, and particles are thrown out along with explosive force and are taken away by working liquid, so that discharge pits and protrusions exist on the machined surface of a workpiece, and the surface roughness is influenced. The rough structure left on the surface in the electric spark machining process can be used as a substrate for preparing the metal super-hydrophobic surface, so that a better super-hydrophobic effect is realized by utilizing the original unfavorable concave-convex structure.
Most of the existing preparation methods use low surface energy reagents such as fluorinating agents and long-chain fatty acids for treatment after the micro-nano structure is constructed, so that the super-hydrophobicity of the surface is realized. However, low surface energy agents suffer from the disadvantages of being expensive, toxic and prone to decomposition over long exposure times, limiting their use in large scale production. The multi-wall carbon nano tube has the performances of fine particles, good hydrophobicity and the like, and has good thermal stability and difficult decomposition at high temperature. The carbon nano tube layer with uniform and fine thickness is deposited on the surface of the electric spark machining, so that the super-hydrophobic effect can be effectively achieved, and the micron-sized concave-convex structure and the carbon nano tube on the surface of the electric spark machining are combined to form a micro-nano composite structure, so that the low-surface-energy substance is not easy to erase, and the problems of long-term stability and large-scale preparation are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor stability, complex process flow and high cost and limit large-scale use in the existing super-hydrophobic surface technology, and provides a super-hydrophobic surface preparation method combining an electric spark machining and spraying method; the super-hydrophobic coating with the contact angle larger than 150 degrees and the rolling angle smaller than 10 degrees is formed on the metal surface, the super-hydrophobic surface with patterns on the surface can be prepared as required, the surface is subjected to process treatment according to the pattern rule, so that different liquid drop effects are shown on the surface according to the difference of wettability, and the movement of water flow and water drops can be effectively controlled.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and provides a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface by compounding an electric spark machining method and a spraying method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preprocessing a metal workpiece: polishing the surface of a metal workpiece material from coarse to fine by using abrasive paper with different granularities, removing an oxide layer, cleaning dirt by using acetone, and airing;
step 2, clamping the metal workpiece and the tool electrode: clamping a metal workpiece according to the process requirements, mounting a tool electrode on a main shaft head of a machine tool platform, and leveling and aligning;
step 3, electric discharge machining: the metal workpiece and the tool electrode are respectively connected with the anode or the cathode of a pulse power supply, the tool electrode is driven by an X, Y, Z triaxial servo feeding mechanism to perform electric spark milling or electric spark forming according to a numerical control program by adopting a processing method of flushing liquid, so that the super-hydrophobic surface of the metal workpiece is subjected to discharge treatment to form a micron-sized coarse structure;
step 4, cleaning: removing oil stains and uneven kerosene cracking carbon particles on the surface treated by electric spark milling or electric spark forming by using alcohol;
step 5, carbon nanotube spraying: preparing carbon nano tubes and alcohol suspension, loading the carbon nano tubes and the alcohol suspension into a spray pen tool, fixing a spray pen on a Z axis, adjusting an angle, and performing spraying treatment according to a track set in a numerical control program;
step 6, oil immersion heating treatment: after the carbon nano tube is sprayed, after the alcohol is evaporated, oil drops are dripped on the carbon layer, and the carbon layer is heated and dried to ensure that the carbon particles are aggregated to enhance the stability, thereby finishing the preparation of the metal super-hydrophobic surface.
Further, the tool electrode is a metal material electrode or a graphite material electrode, if the metal material electrode is used, the metal workpiece is connected with the positive electrode of the pulse power supply, and the metal material electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse power supply; if the graphite material electrode is used, the metal workpiece is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse power supply, and the graphite material electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the pulse power supply.
Furthermore, the working fluid used by the processing method of the flushing fluid is kerosene working fluid, the orifice of the fluid-filled pipe is aligned with the processing part, and the working fluid is recycled.
Further, the processing depth of the metal workpiece is 0.05 mm.
Further, the tool electrode is a cylindrical electrode or an electrode with a bottom surface conforming to the shape of the superhydrophobic surface.
Furthermore, the suspension used for spraying is an alcohol suspension with the mass fraction of the prepared carbon nano tubes being 10-30 wt%.
Further, the heating temperature is 310 ℃, and the heating time is 3-5 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method solves the problem of large-scale and large-area preparation of the metal superhydrophobic surface, finishes the preparation process flow by matching an electric spark machine tool with a spraying device, greatly improves the efficiency, is suitable for almost all metal materials, and realizes the superhydrophobic effect of different surface patterns and cavities according to the process requirements. The electric spark machining method is skillfully applied to surface treatment, the concave-convex structure of the surface is originally used as a negative factor influencing the surface roughness in the electric spark machining process, and the electric spark machining method is applied to the preparation of the super-hydrophobic surface, so that the effect of changing waste into valuable is achieved. The concave-convex structure on the surface processed by the electric spark provides a good attachment base surface for the aggregation of carbon nano tube particles in the post-treatment, and the micron-level pits are combined with the carbon nano particles to construct a micro-nano composite structure, so that the anti-wetting property is enhanced, and the abrasion resistance of the surface is improved. The invention uses the method of spraying carbon nano-tube on the electric spark processing surface, so that the carbon nano-tube particles are deposited on the surface with concave pits and convex pits, and then the carbon particles are gathered in a way of dripping oil and evaporating. The method solves the problems caused by the soaking method of using a low surface energy reagent such as a fluorinating agent in process and cost, the stability of carbon ensures that the prepared metal material super-hydrophobic surface has the characteristics of wear resistance and high stability, and the method has simple process and low cost, is convenient for large-scale production and is applied to actual production and life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for preparing a superhydrophobic surface by combining electrical discharge machining and a spraying method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the method for preparing a super-hydrophobic surface by combining electrosparking and spraying according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a SEM (scanning Electron microscope) representation of an electro-discharge machined aluminum surface using a machining voltage of 110V, a peak current of 36A, a pulse width of 120us, and a duty cycle of 20%;
FIG. 4 is a SEM (scanning electron microscope) schematic of a carbon nanotube sprayed superhydrophobic surface;
FIG. 5 is a test chart of contact angle and rolling angle of water drop of the super-hydrophobic surface prepared by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The device used by the method is a three-axis numerical control platform, and as shown in figure 1, the device is matched with an electric spark machining power supply and is combined with a universal or special clamp to realize the super-hydrophobic surface treatment of different workpieces. With reference to fig. 2, the present invention provides a method for preparing a superhydrophobic surface by a combination of electrical discharge machining and spray coating, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preprocessing a metal workpiece: polishing the surface of a metal workpiece material from coarse to fine by using abrasive paper with different granularities, removing an oxide layer, cleaning dirt by using acetone, and airing; the metal workpiece material can be any metal material, such as aluminum material, copper material, stainless steel and other metal materials which are applied in engineering, and only need to be subjected to electric discharge machining;
step 2, clamping the metal workpiece and the tool electrode: clamping a metal workpiece according to the process requirements, mounting a tool electrode on a main shaft head of a machine tool platform, and leveling and aligning;
step 3, electric discharge machining: the metal workpiece and the tool electrode are respectively connected with the anode or the cathode of a pulse power supply, the X, Y, Z triaxial servo feeding mechanism drives the tool electrode to perform electric spark milling processing or electric spark forming processing according to a numerical control program by adopting a processing method of flushing liquid, and as shown in figure 3, the super-hydrophobic surface of the metal workpiece is subjected to discharge treatment to form a micron-sized coarse structure;
the tool electrode is a metal material electrode or a graphite material electrode, if the metal material electrode is used, the metal workpiece is connected with the positive electrode of the pulse power supply, and the metal material electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse power supply (namely positive polarity processing); if a graphite material electrode is used, the metal workpiece is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse power supply, and the graphite material electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the pulse power supply (namely, negative polarity processing).
The working fluid used by the processing method of flushing is kerosene working fluid, the orifice of the liquid filling pipe is aligned to the processing part, and the working fluid is recycled;
leveling the positions of a tool electrode and a metal workpiece before electric spark machining to enable the gap to be equal in width, wherein in the machining process, the machining depth of the workpiece is 0.05 mm;
the tool electrode is a cylindrical electrode or an electrode with a bottom surface conforming to the shape of the superhydrophobic surface.
Step 4, cleaning: removing oil stains and uneven kerosene cracking carbon particles on the surface treated by electric spark milling or electric spark forming by using alcohol;
step 5, carbon nanotube spraying: preparing carbon nano tubes and alcohol suspension, loading the carbon nano tubes and the alcohol suspension into a spray pen tool, fixing the spray pen on a Z axis, adjusting the angle, and performing spraying treatment according to a track set in a numerical control program, as shown in figure 4; the suspension used for spraying is an alcohol suspension with the mass fraction of the prepared carbon nano tubes of 10-30 wt%. The distance between the outlet of the spray pen and the surface of the workpiece is adjustable by 5-30mm, and the spraying thickness of the carbon nano tube is adjusted according to the working distance;
step 6, oil immersion heating treatment: after the carbon nanotubes are sprayed, after the alcohol is evaporated, oil drops are dripped on the carbon layer, and the carbon layer is heated and dried to ensure that the carbon particles are aggregated to enhance the stability, so that the preparation of the metal super-hydrophobic surface is finished, and test graphs of the contact angle and the rolling angle of the water drops on the super-hydrophobic surface are shown in fig. 5. The heating temperature is 310 ℃, and the heating time is 3-5 min.
The method for preparing the super-hydrophobic surface by combining the electric spark machining and the spraying method is described in detail, a specific example is applied to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the example is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A super-hydrophobic surface preparation method combining electrosparking and spraying is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preprocessing a metal workpiece: polishing the surface of a metal workpiece material from coarse to fine by using abrasive paper with different granularities, removing an oxide layer, cleaning dirt by using acetone, and airing;
step 2, clamping the metal workpiece and the tool electrode: clamping a metal workpiece according to the process requirements, mounting a tool electrode on a main shaft head of a machine tool platform, and leveling and aligning;
step 3, electric discharge machining: the metal workpiece and the tool electrode are respectively connected with the anode or the cathode of a pulse power supply, the tool electrode is driven by an X, Y, Z triaxial servo feeding mechanism to perform electric spark milling or electric spark forming according to a numerical control program by adopting a processing method of flushing liquid, so that the super-hydrophobic surface of the metal workpiece is subjected to discharge treatment to form a micron-sized coarse structure;
step 4, cleaning: removing oil stains and uneven kerosene cracking carbon particles on the surface treated by electric spark milling or electric spark forming by using alcohol;
step 5, carbon nanotube spraying: preparing carbon nano tubes and alcohol suspension, loading the carbon nano tubes and the alcohol suspension into a spray pen tool, fixing a spray pen on a Z axis, adjusting an angle, and performing spraying treatment according to a track set in a numerical control program;
step 6, oil immersion heating treatment: after the carbon nano tube is sprayed, after alcohol is evaporated, oil drops are dripped on the carbon layer, and the carbon layer is heated and dried to ensure that the carbon particles are aggregated to enhance the stability, so that the preparation of the metal super-hydrophobic surface is finished;
the working fluid used by the processing method of flushing is kerosene working fluid, the orifice of the liquid filling pipe is aligned to the processing part, and the working fluid is recycled;
the processing depth of the metal workpiece is 0.05 mm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the tool electrode is a metal material electrode or a graphite material electrode, if the metal material electrode is used, the metal workpiece is connected with the positive electrode of the pulse power supply, and the metal material electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse power supply; if the graphite material electrode is used, the metal workpiece is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse power supply, and the graphite material electrode is connected with the positive electrode of the pulse power supply.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the tool electrode is a cylindrical electrode or an electrode with a bottom surface conforming to the shape of the superhydrophobic surface.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the suspension used for spraying is an alcohol suspension with the mass fraction of the prepared carbon nano tubes of 10-30 wt%.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the heating temperature is 310 ℃, and the heating time is 3-5 min.
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Citations (4)
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| CN102950099A (en) * | 2011-08-21 | 2013-03-06 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Super-hydrophobic material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109483150A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-19 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of surface anticorrosive treatment method of aluminium alloy plate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7985475B2 (en) * | 2003-04-28 | 2011-07-26 | Nanosys, Inc. | Super-hydrophobic surfaces, methods of their construction and uses therefor |
| US10005917B2 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2018-06-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Non-fluorinated water-based superhydrophobic compositions |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102950099A (en) * | 2011-08-21 | 2013-03-06 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Super-hydrophobic material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106862040A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-06-20 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of method that wire cutting prepares the orderly micro-nano super-drainage structure in metal surface |
| CN107891198A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-10 | 深圳大学 | The preparation method of metal parts hydrophobic surface |
| CN109483150A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-03-19 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of surface anticorrosive treatment method of aluminium alloy plate |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| "超疏水表面的喷涂法制备研究";凌菁;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅰ辑》;20160615(第06期);第46-47页 * |
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