CN110122553A - A kind of method of the dry Pleurotus eryngii of ultrasonic wave assisted microwave synthesis - Google Patents
A kind of method of the dry Pleurotus eryngii of ultrasonic wave assisted microwave synthesis Download PDFInfo
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- CN110122553A CN110122553A CN201910379270.0A CN201910379270A CN110122553A CN 110122553 A CN110122553 A CN 110122553A CN 201910379270 A CN201910379270 A CN 201910379270A CN 110122553 A CN110122553 A CN 110122553A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/02—Dehydrating; Subsequent reconstitution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of the dry Pleurotus eryngii of ultrasonic wave assisted microwave synthesis, including, Pleurotus eryngii raw material is pre-processed using ultrasonic wave, the moisture on Pleurotus eryngii surface after dryer removal pretreatment is recycled, finally carries out microwave drying treatment.Method rate of drying provided by the present invention is fast; drying quality is high; it is energy-efficient; environmentally-friendly sanitary effectively maintains the original heat-sensitive materials of Pleurotus eryngii, fragrance ingredient and activity and nutritional ingredient, extends selling goods the phase for Pleurotus eryngii; reduce drying cost, production energy consumption, storage cost and the transportation cost of Pleurotus eryngii; can Effective Regulation Pleurotus eryngii winter problem on the high side, it can be achieved that continuous industrialized production, has a good application prospect in the scale processing of Pleurotus eryngii.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to deep-processing technical field of agricultural products, are related to the drying means of Pleurotus eryngii, and in particular to a kind of ultrasound
The method of the dry Pleurotus eryngii of wave assisted microwave synthesis.
Background technique
Pleurotus eryngii, also known as assassinate King Qin and pick up the ears, it is to be grown on mediterranean region, the Middle East, north African and Sichuan Province China, Qinghai, west
The ground edible fungis such as hiding, now domestic many places are all in artificial culture Pleurotus eryngii, and the mushroom mushroom yield is relatively large, meat
Delicacy, good in taste, the microelements such as carbohydrate rich in, vitamin, calcium, magnesium copper, zinc and 8 kinds of human bodies institutes are required
Amino acid (account for about total amino acid content 6.65%), has and promotes intestines peristalsis digestion, and reducing blood lipid, blood pressure lowering, raising are immune
The effect of power, wide market.
Fresh Pleurotus eryngii moisture content is very high (90% or so), belongs to putrefactive agricultural product, is highly prone to gas, liquid
The influence of body, temperature, humidity, microorganism and mechanical wounding etc., be easy to produce moisture evaporation, breed disease, quality decline etc.
Phenomenon carrys out big inconvenience to the storage and conveyer belt of vegetables.Currently, people mainly pass through refrigeration, gas packed packaging, temperature and humidity control
Freshness protection package, preservative film etc. extend the storage time of vegetables, increase it and sell goods the phase.Need of the vast northern area in China to Pleurotus eryngii
The amount of asking is very big, but since winter temperature is too low, cultivates becteriums product and need to expend a large amount of energy, lead to the valence of winter mushroom
Lattice have with aestival aspect ratio significantly to be promoted very much.
According to statistics, Pleurotus eryngii price June in the Shouguang of Shandong in 2018-September is 2.9-3.2 member/kg, and March in January-is 3.7-
6.0 yuan/kg；Pleurotus eryngii price June of Beijing area in 2018-September is 5.5-6.5 member/kg, March in January-be 6.9-9.0 member/
kg.It since most of mushroom is soft and density is smaller, is easily squeezed and deformed, causes transportation cost higher, winter north
Side area Pleurotus eryngii holds at high price, and the Pleurotus eryngii price of annual Huhehaote City in 2018 is in 7.4 yuan/kg or more, and 2
The moon-March has reached 11 yuan/kg unexpectedly.
In order to extend the phase of selling goods of Pleurotus eryngii, reduce Pleurotus eryngii transportation cost and winter problem on the high side, according to apricot
Abalone mushroom moisture content height and soft loose feature, can be processed into dried product for Pleurotus eryngii, reduce its moisture content with
Extension is sold goods the phase；Volume-diminished and more secret emissary is to reduce its transport difficulty and transportation cost after drying；Summer temperature is higher, fits
It is suitable for the season of Growth of Pleurotus eryngii to increase Pleurotus eryngii yield, storage is reached to winter to supplement the market demand after remaining yield is dry
The problem on the high side to reduction Pleurotus eryngii winter.
The drying of agricultural product is a kind of stable means of hoard, but traditional agricultural product drying mode be it is a kind of it is high it is time-consuming,
The process of high energy consumption, the reason of causing high time-consuming, highly energy-consuming are that the moisture of agricultural product cell interior is difficult through densification
Cell wall moves to outside.The resistance of outside is moved to reduce moisture from cell interior, is usually passed through
Supplementary mode handles cell wall.Ultrasonic wave is both a kind of elastic mechanical wave and a kind of form of energy.Work as ultrasonication
More than to a certain degree when, fuel factor, cavitation effect and mechanical effect can be brought.
The one kind of microwave drying as radiant drying is dry technology of new generation.Under microwave action, the electromagnetic wave of high frequency
Polar molecule can be allowed to generate very big vibration frequency, in high frequency oscillation, mutually collided between molecule, rubbing generates largely
Interior energy, increases temperature of charge.In microwave drying process, microwave enters inside material in the form of electromagnetic radiation, and material is in
Between moisture content it is higher place rapidly heating, generate a large amount of vapor, lead to stroke between the inside of material and outside
Effective draught head, driving moisture to migrating outside material, compensating for common heated-air drying material uneven heating inside material,
Heat is difficult to be transmitted to the problem inside material.Compared with traditional convective drying, conduction-type are dry, fast with rate of drying,
It is energy-efficient, be quick on the draw the advantages that easy to control；Meanwhile microwave also has the function of sterilization, since microwave can be radiated object
The sterilization of material from inside to outside may be implemented in the inside of material, plays an important role to the phase of selling goods for extending Pleurotus eryngii.
In conclusion it is higher in summer Pleurotus eryngii yield and when cost is relatively low or excess capacity, prolonged by dry mode
The phase of selling goods of long Pleurotus eryngii, the storage difficulty and transportation cost for reducing Pleurotus eryngii, to alleviating, winter Pleurotus eryngii price is higher to be asked
Topic has good effect and market prospects.Using ultrasonic wave as the pretreatment mode before a kind of drying both can to Pleurotus eryngii into
The complete thoroughly cleaning of row, and resistance of the cell interior moisture to external migration can be reduced by destroying the cell wall of Pleurotus eryngii；
Meanwhile using the water of higher temperature as ultrasonic pretreatment medium, rupture that can to a certain extent to material cell wall
It plays a driving role；Also, in ultrasonic pretreatment final stage, water temperature is made to boil, can slowed down brown during dry materials
Become；Importantly, microwave drying is fast with rate of drying, energy-efficient compared with traditional drying mode, it is easy to control to be quick on the draw
The advantages that, while the sterilization of material from inside to outside may be implemented.Therefore, the present invention is to phase of selling goods, the reduction apricot for extending Pleurotus eryngii
Drying cost, production energy consumption, storage cost and the transportation cost of abalone mushroom, regulation Pleurotus eryngii winter problem on the high side have weight
It acts on, and worth Pleurotus eryngii effectively maintains the original color of Pleurotus eryngii and active constituent.
Summary of the invention
Selling goods for Pleurotus eryngii of the existing technology, the phase is short, be not easy to store, the high and dry highly energy-consuming of transportation cost etc. is asked
Topic, the present invention provides a kind of method of the dry Pleurotus eryngii of ultrasonic wave assisted microwave synthesis, this method have energy-efficient, high-quality,
High efficiency and be suitable for industrial production the advantages of, have important practical significance.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of method of the dry Pleurotus eryngii of ultrasonic wave assisted microwave synthesis, including, Pleurotus eryngii raw material is carried out using ultrasonic wave pre-
Processing recycles the moisture on Pleurotus eryngii surface after dryer removal pretreatment, finally carries out microwave drying treatment.
Ultrasonic wave refers to that frequency is higher than the sound wave of mankind's earshot upper limit, and frequency is usually between 20kHz and 10MHz.
Ultrasonic wave is both a kind of elastic mechanical wave and a kind of form of energy；When ultrasonication is more than to a certain degree, thermal effect can be brought
It answers, cavitation effect and mechanical effect.Wherein, mechanical effect can make Pleurotus eryngii carry out high-frequency vibration, to reach cleaning apricot Bao
The purpose of mushroom；Importantly, cavitation effect be under ultrasonication vacuole vibration, then implosion and produce mechanical shearing
Power makes clasmatosis, to have the function that destroy cell wall.The destruction of cell wall can reduce in drying process moisture from thin
Portion intracellular moves to the resistance of outside.
The ultrasonic pretreatment that the present invention uses is that Pleurotus eryngii raw material is placed in ultrasonic pretreatment pond, and ultrasonic wave is located in advance
It manages and is full of sonification medium in pond, ultrasonic wave passes to the process of material by sonification medium；Used microwave drying treatment is
By several magnetron independence feed-in microwave energies, and material is brushed using hot wind or cold wind, material is made by the rotation of roller
In rolling, shed, suspend and process that the state of moving about is dehydrated.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, it is described it is pretreated during, control ultrasonic wave power be 1-7W/g.
Propagation of the ultrasonic wave in material has certain depth, and ultrasonic power increases with the increase of volume of material,
The power of ultrasonic wave can suitably be increased when volume of material is larger.Meanwhile the identical material of volume, ultrasonic pretreatment process
Middle power more maxicell wall execution is better.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the pretreated process is specifically, by Pleurotus eryngii raw material in ultrasonic wave function
Rate handles 5-30min under conditions of being 2.5-5.8W/g.
Further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the pretreated sonification medium is the water that temperature is 0-100 DEG C.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, 40 DEG C of water temperature < of control when the pretreated preceding 3-28min, it is described pre-
Control water temperature is 98-100 DEG C when the last 2min of processing.
Use the water of higher temperature as ultrasonic pretreatment medium, material cell wall can be broken to a certain extent
It splits and plays a driving role；Also, in ultrasonic pretreatment final stage, water temperature is made to boil, during can slowing down dry materials
Brown stain, the material color after making drying are vivider.
Still further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the microwave drying treatment is carried out more using microwave drum drying machine
Segmentation is worked continuously.
Microwave refers to frequency in the electromagnetic wave of 300-300k MHz, and under microwave action, the electromagnetic wave of high frequency can allow pole
Property molecule generate very big vibration frequency, in high frequency oscillation, mutually collided between molecule, rub generate in a large amount of can, make
Temperature of charge increases.
In microwave drying process, microwave enters inside material in the form of electromagnetic radiation, material by intermediate moisture content compared with
The rapidly heating of high place, generates a large amount of vapor, leads to the effective draught head of stroke between the inside of material and outside,
Driving moisture is to migrating outside material, compensating for common heated-air drying material uneven heating, heat is difficult to transmit inside material
Problem inside to material.Meanwhile microwave, there are also the effect of sterilization, microwave can be radiated to inside material, it both can be to material
Outside sterilize and the inside of material can be sterilized.
Microwave drum drying machine as a kind of novel equipment, major part include microwave generating apparatus, hot air apparatus,
Blower, microwave cavity, roller, control system etc.；Wherein, roller and microwave generating apparatus are mounted on inside microwave cavity, pass through control
Device control hot air apparatus, blower, roller and microwave generating apparatus are maintained at suitable wind-warm syndrome, wind speed, revolving speed and microwave power
Parameter.
The major advantage of microwave drum drying machine includes: that the movement of drums inside material is driven by the rotation of roller, is made
Material remains at rolling in the drying process, state of shedding, suspend and move about, balance microwave field because drying chamber shape,
The problem of microwave field density caused by the factors such as material form, material accumulation shape, magnetron distribution is unevenly distributed, can effectively keep away
Exempt from because microwave field density local dry materials temperature is excessively high caused by being unevenly distributed and what is generated be charred phenomenon, improve object
Expect dry uniformity；Meanwhile by the in due course switching of hot wind and cold wind, the change of microwave power is cooperated to carry out drying process
Adjustment.Although the dry advantage of microwave drum is extremely significant, lack reasonable drying process at present, therefore the present invention provides
Complete set and reasonable microwave drum drying process.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, during the microwave drying treatment, control microwave drum drying machine
Wind speed is 2.5-3.5m/s, is specifically included:
W1, control microwave drum drying machine microwave power, drum rotation speed and wind-warm syndrome be respectively 1-3W/g, 5-10rpm and
58-65 DEG C, while Pleurotus eryngii temperature is controlled less than 60 DEG C, 10-15min is dried, until moisture content is reduced to 68-73%；
W2, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 0.1-1.6W/g, 2-4rpm
With 68-73 DEG C, while controlling Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 70 DEG C, dry 20-70min, until moisture content is reduced to 38-42%；
W3, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 0.1-0.8W/g, 1-3rpm
With 20-25 DEG C, while controlling Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 70 DEG C, dry 10-25min, until moisture content is reduced to 5-10%.
Also further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the method also includes former to the Pleurotus eryngii before pretreatment
Material carries out slitting treatment.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the process of the slitting treatment is specifically, the Pleurotus eryngii raw material is cut into
The thin slice or partial size of 3-7mm thickness are the particle of 10-20mm.
Also further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the revolving speed of the dryer be 1000-3000rpm, drying the time be
5-20min。
Preferably, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the moisture content for controlling Pleurotus eryngii after the dryer dries is 85-90%.
Further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the method also includes before the slitting treatment, to the apricot
Root processing is selected, cleaned and cut off to abalone mushroom raw material.
Further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the method also includes after the slitting treatment, to the apricot
Abalone mushroom thin slice or particle carry out spray cleaning.
In a specific embodiment, the method also includes, sample packaging after stating microwave drying treatment, the samples
Product packaging is packed using high-barrier composite material.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, the sample packaging is vacuum-packed using aluminium foil food vacuum bag.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method specifically includes the following steps:
The processing of S1, Pleurotus eryngii raw material
S11, greater homogeneity, the Pleurotus eryngii without rotten and mechanical damage are selected, with tap water cleaning, it is attached removes surface
Sundries, while by Pleurotus eryngii root 1cm part cut off；
S12, the thin slice that Pleurotus eryngii is cut into 5mm or partial size are the particle of 15mm；
S13, spray cleaning Pleurotus eryngii thin slice or particle, remove its surface debris；
S2, Pleurotus eryngii thin slice or particle are placed in water to carry out ultrasonic pretreatment, wherein ultrasonic power is maintained at
3W/g, pretreatment time 15min, and the water temperature control of preceding 13min is 36 DEG C, the water temperature control of rear 2min is 98.5 DEG C；
S3, Pleurotus eryngii thin slice or particle are placed in dryer, control revolving speed is 2500rpm, dries 10min；
S4, the processing of multisection type continuous microwave drying
S41, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 1.5W/g, 5rpm and 60
DEG C, while Pleurotus eryngii temperature is controlled less than 60 DEG C, dry 15min；
S42, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 1.2W/g, 3rpm and 70
DEG C, while Pleurotus eryngii temperature is controlled less than 70 DEG C, dry 40min；
S43, control microwave drum drying machine microwave power, drum rotation speed and wind-warm syndrome be respectively 0.5W/g, 1.5rpm and
22 DEG C, while Pleurotus eryngii temperature is controlled less than 70 DEG C, drying to its moisture content is 8%；
S5 is vacuum-packed using aluminium foil food vacuum bag.
Another aspect of the present invention additionally provides the Pleurotus eryngii product that the above method is prepared.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
(1) rate of drying is fast: microwave drum drying is to can be carried out heating using the radiation of microwave, makes to be heated material inside and outside
It is whole heated, do not need other heat transfer mediums；Ultrasonic pretreatment to the effect of the broken wall of material be greatly reduced moisture by
Cell interior moves to the resistance of outside, while hot wind brushes the steam for having taken away surface of material rapidly.Therefore this hair
It is bright have rate of drying is fast, drying efficiency is high, drying time shortens within 2h, significantly reduce energy consumption for drying；
(2) drying temperature is low: compared with traditional drying mode, material does not need direct contact heat source in microwave drying,
Entire drying process can accurately control the temperature of material by controlling the power of microwave, and microwave control is more sensitive, can make
Material is in always under lower drying temperature.Meanwhile material can ceaselessly move in roller in microwave drum drying, solve
Material determined because microwave field density is unevenly distributed the excessively high problem of caused local temperature, can effectively avoid the heat in Pleurotus eryngii
Quick ingredient and active material are destroyed because temperature is excessively high；
(3) drying quality is good: the rotation of microwave field inner roller makes material be in state of rolling, shed, suspend and move about, and puts down
Microwave field weighed because of the microwave field density point caused by factors such as drying chamber shape, material form, material accumulation shape, magnetron distribution
The non-uniform problem of cloth, can effectively avoid because microwave field density caused by being unevenly distributed local dry materials temperature it is excessively high and
What is generated is charred phenomenon, improves the uniformity of dry materials.Also, there are also certain bactericidal effects for microwave, to extension apricot Bao
The phase of selling goods of mushroom dried product is by certain help.Meanwhile microwave drum drying reduces apricot Bao with the drying feature of fast low temperature
The loss of fragrance ingredient and heat-sensitive materials in mushroom, effectively maintains the nutritional ingredient of Pleurotus eryngii.Pleurotus eryngii after microwave drying
It is stronger than heated-air drying fragrance；
(4) store low with transportation cost: it is naked to avoid Pleurotus eryngii dried product after sealed package for the Pleurotus eryngii after dry
Dew becomes damp and rotten in air, and microwave disinfection is more thorough, therefore the requirement to storage condition is lower.Also, after drying
Pleurotus eryngii most of moisture all removed, compared with the Pleurotus eryngii before the drying of equal quality, the volume quality that becomes smaller lightens, right
The requirement of traffic condition is also lower, and transportation cost greatly reduces；
(5) convenient and healthy, environmentally protective: ultrasonic pretreatment can comprehensively clean Pleurotus eryngii, and apricot is eliminated
The impurity on abalone mushroom surface.Direct processing and eating after clear water is soaked can be used in Pleurotus eryngii after microwave drying, avoids and cuts again
System, it is convenient.Also, reduce rubbish from cooking, it is environmentally protective；
(6) industrialized production: ultrasonic wave and microwave power are all easily realized and are automatically controlled, easily in adjustment process
Technological parameter controls sensitive.Also, the drying time of Pleurotus eryngii is shorter, and by higher added value, before having very big market
Scape.
In conclusion manufacturing method rate of drying of the present invention is fast, drying quality is high, energy-efficient, environmentally-friendly sanitary, provide
The dry Pleurotus eryngii of microwave drum, effectively maintains the original temperature-sensitive object of Pleurotus eryngii after a kind of ultrasonic pretreatment of high-quality
Matter, fragrance ingredient and activity and nutritional ingredient.Also, drying of the present invention to the phase of selling goods, reduction Pleurotus eryngii that extend Pleurotus eryngii
Cost, production energy consumption, storage cost and transportation cost, regulation Pleurotus eryngii winter problem on the high side play a significant role.Together
When, this method can realize continuous industrialized production, have a good application prospect in the scale processing of Pleurotus eryngii.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention is furthur described in detail.
Following embodiment is merely to illustrate the present invention, the protection scope being not intended to limit the invention.
Experimental method used in following embodiment is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
Experimental raw used in following embodiment and relevant device etc., unless otherwise specified, commercially
It arrives.
Embodiment 1
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method of dry Pleurotus eryngii of ultrasonic wave assisted microwave synthesis, specifically includes the following steps:
The processing of S1, Pleurotus eryngii raw material
Greater homogeneity, the Pleurotus eryngii without rotten and mechanical damage are selected, with tap water cleaning, removes surface attachment
Sundries, while should not by the excision of the part Pleurotus eryngii root 1cm；Pleurotus eryngii is cut into the thin slice of 5mm；Spray cleaning Pleurotus eryngii is thin
Piece removes the Pleurotus eryngii clast being adhered on Pleurotus eryngii thin slice；
S2, Pleurotus eryngii thin slice is placed in water to carry out ultrasonic pretreatment, wherein ultrasonic power is maintained at 5W/g, in advance
Time 15min is handled, and the water temperature control of pretreated preceding 13min is 40 DEG C hereinafter, the water temperature of 2min controls after pretreated
It is 99 DEG C；
S3, the Pleurotus eryngii thin slice after ultrasonic pretreatment is placed in dryer, removes the moisture of Pleurotus eryngii sheet surface,
The revolving speed control of middle dryer is 2500rpm, dries 10min；
S4, the Pleurotus eryngii thin slice (2000g) after drying is put into the roller of microwave drum drying equipment, carries out multisection type
Continuous microwave drying processing, specifically includes:
S41, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 2.4W/g (before drying
Pleurotus eryngii fresh weight calculates), 7.5rpm and 60 DEG C, blast velocity control controls Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 60 DEG C in 3m/s, dry
10min；
S42, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 1.5W/g (before drying
Pleurotus eryngii fresh weight calculates), 4rpm and 70 DEG C, while controlling Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 70 DEG C, dry 40min；
S43, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 0.4W/g (before drying
Pleurotus eryngii fresh weight calculates), 1.5rpm and 22.5 DEG C, while controlling Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 70 DEG C, continue dry 20min, until its
Moisture content is 8%；
S5, it is vacuum-packed using aluminium foil food vacuum bag, drying time amounts to 70min.
Embodiment 2
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method of dry Pleurotus eryngii of ultrasonic wave assisted microwave synthesis, specifically includes the following steps:
The processing of S1, Pleurotus eryngii raw material
Greater homogeneity, the Pleurotus eryngii without rotten and mechanical damage are selected, with tap water cleaning, removes surface attachment
Sundries, while should not by the excision of the part Pleurotus eryngii root 1cm；Pleurotus eryngii is cut into the particle of 10mm；Spray cleaning Pleurotus eryngii
Particle removes the Pleurotus eryngii clast being adhered on Pleurotus eryngii particle；
S2, Pleurotus eryngii particle is placed in water to carry out ultrasonic pretreatment, wherein ultrasonic power is maintained at 3W/g, in advance
Time 15min is handled, and the water temperature control of preceding 13min is 36 DEG C, the water temperature control of rear 2min is 98.5 DEG C；
S3, the Pleurotus eryngii particle after ultrasonic pretreatment is placed in dryer, control revolving speed is 2500rpm, drying
10min；
S4, the Pleurotus eryngii particle (2000g) after drying is put into the roller of microwave drum drying equipment, carries out multisection type
Continuous microwave drying processing, specifically includes:
S41, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 1.5W/g (before drying
Pleurotus eryngii fresh weight calculates), 5rpm and 60 DEG C, blast velocity control controls Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 60 DEG C in 3m/s, dry
10min；
S42, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 1.2W/g (before drying
Pleurotus eryngii fresh weight calculates), 3rpm and 70 DEG C, while controlling Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 70 DEG C, dry 40min；
S43, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 0.5W/g (before drying
Pleurotus eryngii fresh weight calculates), 1.5rpm and 22 DEG C, while controlling Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 70 DEG C, continue dry 12min, until it contains
Water rate is 8%；
S5, it is vacuum-packed using aluminium foil food vacuum bag, drying time amounts to 62min.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example of the present invention provides a kind of method of dry Pleurotus eryngii of ultrasonic wave assisted microwave synthesis, specifically includes the following steps:
The processing of S1, Pleurotus eryngii raw material
Greater homogeneity, the Pleurotus eryngii without rotten and mechanical damage are selected, with tap water cleaning, removes surface attachment
Sundries, while should not by the excision of the part Pleurotus eryngii root 1cm；Pleurotus eryngii is cut into the particle of 10mm；Spray cleaning Pleurotus eryngii
Particle removes the Pleurotus eryngii clast being adhered on Pleurotus eryngii particle；
S2, dryer will be placed in by cutting and cleaned Pleurotus eryngii particle, control revolving speed is 2500rpm, is got rid of
Dry 10min；
S3, the processing of multisection type continuous microwave drying
S31, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 1.5W/g (before drying
Pleurotus eryngii fresh weight calculates), 5rpm and 60 DEG C, blast velocity control controls Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 60 DEG C in 3m/s, dry
10min；
S32, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 1.2W/g (before drying
Pleurotus eryngii fresh weight calculates), 3rpm and 70 DEG C, while controlling Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 70 DEG C, dry 40min；
S33, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 0.5W/g (before drying
Pleurotus eryngii fresh weight calculates), 1.5rpm and 22.5 DEG C, while controlling Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 70 DEG C, continue dry 18min, until its
Moisture content is 8%；
S4, it is vacuum-packed using aluminium foil food vacuum bag, drying time amounts to 68min.
In addition, comparative example 2 and comparative example 1 are it can be found that without the Pleurotus eryngii particle of ultrasonic pretreatment rear
More dry 6min are needed to can be only achieved moisture content of drying base 8% in phase drying steps；In addition, dry by ultrasonic pretreatment and microwave
The Pleurotus eryngii reconstitution rate of embodiment 2 after dry is 1.58, and without the comparative example 1 after the microwave drying of ultrasonic pretreatment
Pleurotus eryngii reconstitution rate is 1.41, and reconstitution rate improves 12.1% after ultrasonic pretreatment；Also, after ultrasonic pretreatment
Bright after Pleurotus eryngii is dry, it is close with fresh Pleurotus eryngii color, without face after the Pleurotus eryngii drying of ultrasonic pretreatment
Color is sallow.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example of the present invention provides a kind of method of dry Pleurotus eryngii of ultrasonic wave assisted microwave synthesis, specifically includes the following steps:
The processing of S1, Pleurotus eryngii raw material
Greater homogeneity, the Pleurotus eryngii without rotten and mechanical damage are selected, with tap water cleaning, removes surface attachment
Sundries, while should not by the excision of the part Pleurotus eryngii root 1cm；Pleurotus eryngii is cut into the particle of 10mm；Spray cleaning Pleurotus eryngii
Particle removes the Pleurotus eryngii clast being adhered on Pleurotus eryngii particle；
S2, Pleurotus eryngii particle is placed in water to carry out ultrasonic pretreatment, wherein ultrasonic power is maintained at 3W/g, in advance
Time 15min is handled, and the water temperature control of preceding 13min is 36 DEG C, the water temperature control of rear 2min is 98.5 DEG C；
S3, the Pleurotus eryngii particle after ultrasonic pretreatment is placed in dryer, control revolving speed is 2500rpm, drying
10min；
S4, heated-air drying processing
Pleurotus eryngii particle (2000g) after drying is placed in hot air drier, keeping hot blast temperature is 70 DEG C, drying
8.2h is until its moisture content is 8%；
S5, it is vacuum-packed using aluminium foil food vacuum bag.
In addition, comparative example 2 and comparative example 2 save 7.17h than heated-air drying it can be found that microwave drum is dry.
Also, microwave drying Pleurotus eryngii reconstitution rate is 1.58 after ultrasonic pretreatment, heated-air drying Pleurotus eryngii 1.38, microwave drying specific heat
It air-dries dry reconstitution rate and improves 14.5%；Also, bright after Pleurotus eryngii after ultrasonic pretreatment is dry is and fresh
Pleurotus eryngii color is close, dark yellow without color after the Pleurotus eryngii drying of ultrasonic pretreatment.
From the analysis above, we can see that after ultrasonic pretreatment microwave drying Pleurotus eryngii technique not only achieved on drying efficiency it is good
Good drying effect, and also have very big promotion to the drying quality of Pleurotus eryngii.
Finally, being not intended to limit the scope of the present invention the above is only preferred embodiment of the invention.It is all this
Within the spirit and principle of invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in protection model of the invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of the dry Pleurotus eryngii of ultrasonic wave assisted microwave synthesis, which is characterized in that including using ultrasonic wave to Pleurotus eryngii original
Material is pre-processed, and is recycled the moisture on Pleurotus eryngii surface after dryer removal pretreatment, is finally carried out microwave drying treatment.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein it is described it is pretreated during, control the power of ultrasonic wave
For 1-7W/g；
Preferably, the pretreated process is specifically, by Pleurotus eryngii raw material in the condition that ultrasonic power is 2.5-5.8W/g
Lower processing 5-30min.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, it is 0-100 DEG C that the pretreated sonification medium, which is temperature,
Water；
Preferably, 40 DEG C of water temperature < are controlled when the pretreated preceding 3-28min, when pretreated last 2min controls water
Temperature is 98-100 DEG C.
4. method according to claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the microwave drying treatment uses microwave drum
Drying machine carries out multisection type and works continuously；
Preferably, during the microwave drying treatment, the wind speed of control microwave drum drying machine is 2.5-3.5m/s, specifically
Include:
W1, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 1-3W/g, 5-10rpm and 58-65
DEG C, while Pleurotus eryngii temperature is controlled less than 60 DEG C, 10-15min is dried, until moisture content is reduced to 68-73%；
W2, control microwave drum drying machine microwave power, drum rotation speed and wind-warm syndrome be respectively 0.1-1.6W/g, 2-4rpm and
68-73 DEG C, while Pleurotus eryngii temperature is controlled less than 70 DEG C, 20-70min is dried, until moisture content is reduced to 38-42%；
W3, control microwave drum drying machine microwave power, drum rotation speed and wind-warm syndrome be respectively 0.1-0.8W/g, 1-3rpm and
20-25 DEG C, while Pleurotus eryngii temperature is controlled less than 70 DEG C, 10-25min is dried, until moisture content is reduced to 5-10%.
5. method according to claim 1-4, which is characterized in that further include, before pretreatment, to the apricot Bao
Mushroom raw material carries out slitting treatment；
Preferably, the process of the slitting treatment is specifically, be cut into the thin slice of 3-7mm thickness for the Pleurotus eryngii raw material or partial size is
The particle of 10-20mm.
6. method according to claim 1-4, which is characterized in that the revolving speed of the dryer is 1000-
3000rpm, drying time are 5-20min；
Preferably, the moisture content for controlling Pleurotus eryngii after the dryer dries is 85-90%.
7. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, further include,
Before the slitting treatment, root processing is selected, cleaned and cut off to the Pleurotus eryngii raw material；
And/or after the slitting treatment, spray cleaning is carried out to the Pleurotus eryngii thin slice or particle.
8. method according to claim 1-7, which is characterized in that further include, after stating microwave drying treatment
Sample packaging, the sample packaging are packed using high-barrier composite material；
Preferably, the sample packaging is vacuum-packed using aluminium foil food vacuum bag.
9. method according to claim 1-8, which is characterized in that specifically includes the following steps:
The processing of S1, Pleurotus eryngii raw material
S11, greater homogeneity, the Pleurotus eryngii without rotten and mechanical damage are selected, with tap water cleaning, removes surface attachment
Sundries, while the part Pleurotus eryngii root 1cm being cut off；
S12, the thin slice that Pleurotus eryngii is cut into 5mm or partial size are the particle of 15mm；
S13, spray cleaning Pleurotus eryngii thin slice or particle, remove its surface debris；
S2, Pleurotus eryngii thin slice or particle being placed in water to carry out ultrasonic pretreatment, wherein ultrasonic power is maintained at 3W/g,
Pretreatment time 15min, and the water temperature control of preceding 13min is 36 DEG C, the water temperature control of rear 2min is 98.5 DEG C；
S3, Pleurotus eryngii thin slice or particle are placed in dryer, control revolving speed is 2500rpm, dries 10min；
S4, the processing of multisection type continuous microwave drying
S41, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 1.5W/g, 5rpm and 60 DEG C, together
When control Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 60 DEG C, dry 15min；
S42, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 1.2W/g, 3rpm and 70 DEG C, together
When control Pleurotus eryngii temperature less than 70 DEG C, dry 40min；
S43, microwave power, drum rotation speed and the wind-warm syndrome for controlling microwave drum drying machine are respectively 0.5W/g, 1.5rpm and 22 DEG C,
Pleurotus eryngii temperature is controlled simultaneously less than 70 DEG C, and drying to its moisture content is 8%；
S5 is vacuum-packed using aluminium foil food vacuum bag.
10. the Pleurotus eryngii product that any one of claim 1-9 the method is prepared.
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| CN110934262A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-03-31 | 河南科技学院 | Novel processing method of pleurotus eryngii and Chinese yam steamed buns |
| CN112120069A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-25 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving quality of red dates based on heat-assisted ultrasonic technology |
| WO2022247850A1 (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-12-01 | Chinese Academy Of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Group Co., Ltd | A segmented processing method for pre-cooking kidney bean seeds by ultrasonic and microwave |
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Application publication date: 20190816 |