CN110121581A - 包括特殊装饰边缘的仿有机木板的板材 - Google Patents
包括特殊装饰边缘的仿有机木板的板材 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于地板覆盖物、墙体覆盖物或天花板覆盖物的矩形板材,所述板材包括可见的装饰侧,其中,所述装饰侧包括沿板材的长侧边延伸的至少一条起伏边缘线,所述起伏边缘线被设计成不同于所述装饰侧的其余部分。在根据本发明的板材中,物理边缘和视觉边缘偏离,这使得有可以以如下方式将多个板材安装为地板覆盖物、墙体覆盖物或天花板覆盖物的可能性:相应覆盖物中的物理边缘变得几乎不可见,而视觉边缘(即起伏边缘线)被感知为形成该覆盖物的虚拟板材的人造视觉边缘。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于地板覆盖物、墙体覆盖物或天花板覆盖物的仿有机木板的板材。通过沿着和/或靠近板材的至少一个长边缘应用特殊起伏的边缘线,产生了比单个板材更长的有机板的错觉。板材还产生长的起伏的有机边缘的错觉。优选地,板材由木质纤维芯(MDF或HDF)制成,如在层压地板中常见的,至少一装饰层和一透明顶层被添加至木质纤维芯。板材也可以由任何其它的芯材制成,例如刨花板、定向刨花板(OSB)、水泥纤维板、PVC、塑料、陶瓷或任何其它的芯材。优选地,板材用作地板覆盖物,但也可以用作墙体覆盖物或天花板覆盖物。
背景技术
在工厂中,为地板覆盖物、墙体覆盖物或天花板覆盖物设计的不同板材通常以盒装或成套方式包装并最终由用户组装。这种板材的实际长度是有限的,因为期望在普通汽车中运输这种板材。对于组装,现代的板材主要包括在板材边缘处的某种类型的接合***,例如舌槽轮廓(tongue-and groove profile)的变体,该连接***允许这种板材的快速无胶连接。
几乎所有这种轮廓要求板材的直边缘被连接,特别是如果这种舌槽***被另外设计为例如如WO1997047834A1所公开的有角度的。
然而,沿着板材的行的直边缘具有相当严格的无机外观,当板材意在仿制有机木板时,该无机外观在美学上是不期望的。
本领域中已知的克服这种美学上不期望的效果的一种解决方案是如WO2008031829A1中所公开的添加不规则的斜角。然而,在制造中,将斜角添加至板材是昂贵的步骤,因为大部分材料必须被铣削掉;斜角由于清洁或意外溢出而吸收不需要的水分,并且整体效果受到限制,因为不规则的斜角仍然需要相对紧密地遵循接合轮廓的直线,因此产生了更多为交错而不是起伏的边缘。
本领域已知的另一种解决方案是提供一组具有不规则边缘的板材,其中,某些板材或板材部件与某些其它板材或板材部件配合。以这种方式,可以在为此相互匹配的板材上提供起伏边缘。EP 2 811 086中公开了这种解决方案。然而,显而易见的是,对于某些板材仅可连接至某些板材而不是所有其它板材的***,运筹问题和经济问题两者都出现了:运筹问题是因为在一组或者一盒板材中,只有某些板材会相互匹配,而其它板材不会,因此将总是需要繁琐地找到正确匹配的板材;经济问题是因为当切割板材以适合待覆盖的区域时,切除的剩余部分会留下,然而该切除的剩余部分与任何其它剩余部分都不匹配,使得在必要时需要丢弃更多的剩余部分。在一组或一盒中不与其它板材相应匹配的板材将需要被不必要地丢弃。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供用于地板覆盖物、墙体覆盖物或天花板覆盖物的板材,所述板材当通过多个板材的相互连接来安装时,给出了由此产生的地板覆盖物、墙体覆盖物或天花板覆盖物是由长的不间断的天然木板制成印象。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种用于地板覆盖物、墙体覆盖物或天花板覆盖物的矩形板材,所述矩形板材包括可见的装饰侧,其中,该装饰侧包括沿板材的长侧边延伸的至少一条起伏边缘线,所述起伏边缘线设计为与装饰侧的其余部分不同,如权利要求1所述。从属权利要求涉及优选的实施方式。
本发明通过提供一种如下板材来克服上述问题,所述板材通过在至少一个直的物理板材边缘附近应用特殊设计的边缘线而视觉地仿制非常长的板的有机起伏边缘。
在根据本发明的板材中,物理边缘和视觉边缘偏离(diverge),这使得有可以以如下方式将多个板材安装为地板覆盖物、天花板覆盖物或墙体覆盖物的可能性:相应覆盖物中的物理边缘变得几乎不可见,而视觉边缘(即起伏边缘线)被感知为形成覆盖物的虚拟板材的人造视觉边缘。
优选地,根据本发明的起伏边缘线包括印刷元素,并且进一步任选的地包括压印元素和具有不同光泽度的至少两条线。
附图说明
下面参考附图描述本发明的优选实施方式,附图是出于说明本发明的优选实施方式的目的而不是为了限制本发明的目的。在附图中:
图1示出了覆盖有本领域公知的板材的表面的主视图。
图2示出了覆盖有根据本发明的板材的表面的主视图,其中,突出了期望的视觉效果。
图3示出了根据本发明的两个板材的主视图。
图4示出了根据本发明的板材的主视图,其中,突出了印刷线。
图5示出了根据本发明的板材的主视图,其中,突出了压印沟槽。
图6示出了根据本发明的板材的主视图,其中,突出了在压印沟槽上方具有至少两种不同光泽度的至少两条线。
图7示出了根据本发明的两个板材的主视图,其突出了主要装饰元素的位置。
图8示出了根据本发明的板材的示意性截面。
具体实施方式
图1示出了覆盖有如本领域公知的板材(1)的表面的主视图。该板材具有矩形形状,其具有两个相对的长侧边(3,4)和两个相对的短侧边(5,6)。在这里可以看出,对于各个板材的物理长侧边(3,4),长物理边缘线(7)由板材行(2)形成。然而,沿板材行的这些物理边缘线(7)产生相当严格的无机外观,这在美学上是不期望的,特别是当板材意在仿制长的有机木板时。
图2示出了覆盖有根据本发明的板材(1)的表面的主视图。通过沿板材行(2)的至少一条物理边缘线(7)应用特殊设计的起伏边缘线(8)并且通过在多个板材上延续该起伏边缘线,产生了非常长的起伏边缘线的错觉并且还产生了非常长的木板的错觉,且避免了直物理边缘线(7)的严格无机外观。对于长1285mm的层压板,起伏边缘线(8)的总宽度平均为约4mm宽。
优选地,起伏边缘线比装饰层的其余部分更暗。起伏边缘线也可以设计成仿制木材的天然部分,例如木材的树皮。板材的装饰层(除了起伏边缘线之外)可以设计成例如:锯木。然而,潜在的设计不限于给定的示例。
虽然可以在根据本发明的板材上添加(例如在板材的中间附近添加)另外的起伏边缘线(8),以便在单个板材上产生另外边缘的错觉,但是优选实施方式是每个板材制作有单条起伏边缘线(8)。
图3示出了根据本发明的两个板材的主视图,这两个板材在其短边(5,6)处连接。优选地,起伏边缘线(8)在每个板材的两端(5,6)处都具有距板材物理边缘(4)的相同或几乎相同的距离(9),从而产生跨越多个板材的连续起伏边缘线(8)的错觉。
虽然如上面描述的起伏边缘线(8)的应用已经呈现出期望的有机效果,但可以通过涉及起伏边缘线(8)的形状和设计的其它手段进一步增强该错觉,这将在下面更详细地解释。
图4示出了根据本发明的板材的简化主视图。在这里,起伏边缘线(8)的印刷部分(10)略微夸张地被示出。该印刷部分可以是板材装饰的一体部分,或者可以在单独的步骤中被印制到装饰上。板材装饰可以设置在单独的装饰层(16)中,该装饰层(16)可以设置在每个板材的构造板材芯(15)上(参见下面的图8)。
测试已表明,在板材短侧边(5,6)附近薄化并甚至结束印刷线,使得起伏边缘线(8)从一板材平滑过渡至另一板材是有利的,如下面将进一步描述的。对于长1285mm且宽192mm的层压板材,该印刷线平均约2mm宽。然而,为了有效地给出天然木质材料的错觉,印刷线10的宽度是变化的。
当起伏边缘线(8)被引导至短边(5,6)并因此在每个板材(1)的整个长度上被引导时,优选的是,起伏边缘线(8)具有切线,该切线在两个短侧边(5,6)处垂直或几乎垂直于由起伏边缘线(8)相交的相应的短侧边(5,6)。这使得多个板材(1)的起伏边缘线(8)的路线或路径在对齐长边的方向时是严格单调的,因此增强了由多个板材构成的覆盖物是由长的一体成型的板材制成的错觉。
图5示出了根据本发明的板材的另一简化主视图。在该图中,示出了压印沟槽(11)的位置。该沟槽(11)跟随起伏边缘线(8)的印刷部分(10)。然而,与印刷部分(10)相反,该沟槽(11)优选地压印直至板材的短侧边(5,6)。对于例如长1285mm且宽192mm的层压板材,该沟槽(11)平均宽度为约4mm,深度为约150微米。例如可以在装饰层(16)的顶部添加透明顶层(17)来制造这种压印部,然而在装饰层中存在起伏边缘线(8)的任何位置,透明顶层(17)都具有凹槽。这些凹槽跟随起伏边缘线(8)的路径。透明顶层(17)中的凹槽的宽度可以与起伏边缘线(8)相同或比起伏边缘线(8)更大。
图6示出了根据本发明的板材的另一简化主视图。在该实施方式中,沟槽(11)的表面具有不同光泽度的区域。根据该示例,沟槽(11)的表面被分成两个条形区域或条带(12,13)。这些条带(12,13)具有不同或偏离的光泽度。对于例如长1285mm、宽192mm的层压板材,在一优选实施方式中,这些条带中的一个条带(12)是大约2mm宽的光泽线,另一条带(13)是大约2mm宽的无光泽线。具有两种不同光泽度的这两条线(12,13)的存在使得沟槽(11)看起来比它实际上甚至更深。实验已表明,当沟槽和两个条带(12,13)实际上比起伏边缘线的印刷部分(10)更宽时,总的起伏边缘线(8)看起来更加突出,从而增强了期望的错觉。
此外,如果沟槽(11)和光泽条带(12,13)都比起伏边缘线的印刷部分(10)更宽,则起伏边缘线的印刷部分(10)相对于沟槽(11)和条带(12,13)的精确定位不那么重要。
图7示出了根据本发明的两个板材的简化主视图。由于本发明的板材(1)优选地仿制长的有机木板,因此在优选的实施方式中,诸如在天然木材中发现的主要装饰元素(14)(例如结(knot))显示在板材的装饰表面上。这种主要装饰元素(14)被仔细地选择为定位于远离本发明的起伏边缘线(8)的距离处,因此观察者的眼睛聚焦在起伏边缘线(8)上,于是起伏边缘线(8)被更好地感知为边缘,从而进一步增强期望的错觉。
正如所期望的,一组或一盒中的所有板材都可以连接并可以相互匹配,并且为了产生非常长的木板的错觉,非常期望装饰在板材的短侧边(5,6)处和长侧边(3,4)处也都相互匹配。
实现此的一种方法是在板材的所有边缘(3,4,5,6)附近软化并稍微模糊或淡化装饰,并且大体上避免将主要装饰元素(14)置于在短侧边(5,6)和长侧边(3,4)附近。这也是使起伏边缘线的印刷部分变薄并且甚至在板材端部边缘(5,6)附近结束的主要原因。利用这些措施,在所有的四个物理边缘上产生了大体上平滑且稍微模糊的图案,使得一组或一盒中的所有板材可以相互匹配。
图8示出了本发明的优选实施方式的示意性板材截面。在这里,板材为具有木质纤维芯(15)的层压板材。
板材在边缘(3,4,5,6)处具有接合***,在这里,接合***被示为在长侧边(3,4)处的舌槽轮廓的变体。
装饰层(16)与印刷部分(10)、压印沟槽部分(11)和起伏边缘线(10)的两个光泽度部分(12,13)以及透明顶层(17)一起设置。
尽管沟槽(11)的轮廓在图8中被描绘为梯形,但沟槽(11)的轮廓也可以为V形或U形的轮廓。
附图标记列表
1 板材
2 板材行
3 板材的第一物理边缘
4 板材的第二物理边缘
5 板材的第三物理边缘
6 板材的第四物理边缘
7 物理边缘线
8 起伏边缘线
9 板材的第一物理边缘与起伏边缘线之间的距离
10 起伏边缘线的印刷部分
11 起伏边缘线的压印沟槽部分
12 沟槽部分表面的第一光泽度部分
13 沟槽部分表面的第二光泽度部分
14 主要装饰元素
15 板材芯
16 装饰层
17 透明顶层
Claims (13)
1.一种用于地板覆盖物、墙体覆盖物或天花板覆盖物的矩形板材(1),包括可见的装饰侧,其特征在于,所述装饰侧包括沿所述板材(1)的长侧边(3,4)延伸的至少一条起伏边缘线(8),所述起伏边缘线(8)设计成与所述装饰侧的其余部分不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的板材(1),其特征在于,所述起伏边缘线(8)在两个短侧边(5,6)处都具有距所述长侧边(3,4)相同或几乎相同的距离(9)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材(1),其特征在于,所述起伏边缘线(8)具有切线,所述切线在两个短侧边(5,6)处都垂直或几乎垂直于由所述起伏边缘线(8)相交的相应的短侧边(5,6)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材(1),其特征在于,所述起伏边缘线(8)是装饰层(16)的一部分。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材(1),其特征在于,所述起伏边缘线(8)包括印刷部分(10)或由印刷部分(10)组成。
6.根据前述权利要求所述的板材(1),其特征在于,所述起伏边缘线(8)的印刷部分(10)与所述装饰层(16)的其余部分形成对比。
7.根据权利要求4或6中任一项所述的板材(1),其特征在于,所述起伏边缘线(8)的所述印刷部分(10)在所述板材(1)的整个长度上被引导、仅在所述板材(1)的一部分上被引导,由此特别是在所述短侧边(5,6)的区域中不存在印刷部分(10),或者所述印刷部分在所述板材的所述短侧边(5,6)附近变薄。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材,其特征在于,所述板材还包括透明顶层(17),所述起伏边缘线(8)的沟槽部分(11)被压印至所述透明顶层中。
9.根据前一项权利要求所述的板材(1),其特征在于,所述起伏边缘线(8)的所述沟槽部分(11)更宽,优选为所述起伏边缘线(8)的所述印刷部分(10)的1倍、2倍至3倍宽,特别优选为所述起伏边缘线的所述印刷部分的大约两倍宽。
10.根据权利要求8至9中任一项所述的板材(1),其特征在于,所述沟槽部分(11)的表面具有均匀的光泽度或包括具有不同光泽度的部分,诸如例如至少两个平行延伸的条带(12,13)。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材(1),其特征在于没有主要设计元素(14)定位于所述长侧边(3,4)附近的事实。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材(1),其特征在于,所述装饰侧的设计,诸如例如设计层的设计在所述长侧边(3,4)和/或所述短侧边(5,6)处模糊。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的板材(1),其特征在于,所述板材至少在所述板材的两个所述长侧边(3,4)上都包括连接部件。
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