CN110119764A - The method of purification of orbit of shaft center under a kind of variable speed operating condition - Google Patents
The method of purification of orbit of shaft center under a kind of variable speed operating condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN110119764A CN110119764A CN201910305648.2A CN201910305648A CN110119764A CN 110119764 A CN110119764 A CN 110119764A CN 201910305648 A CN201910305648 A CN 201910305648A CN 110119764 A CN110119764 A CN 110119764A
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Abstract
This application involves a kind of methods of purification of orbit of shaft center under variable speed operating condition, comprising: calculates the time-frequency spectrum of X and Y-direction vibration signal；The instantaneous frequency sequence of vibration signal major frequency components in time-frequency spectrum is gradually extracted, and data fitting is carried out to it；The fitting result of the instantaneous frequency of extracted each major frequency components is subtracted into initial time instantaneous frequency values and acquired results are integrated into obtain phase sequence, generalized demodulation is carried out to X-direction and Y-direction original vibration signal respectively using instantaneous phase sequence, is the frequency not changed over time by the frequency translation changed over time under variable speed operating condition；It extracts the major frequency components in demodulated signal one by one using phase difference spectrum correction method, and is added with reconstruction signal；Utilize the vibration signal synthesis purification orbit of shaft center after X-direction and Y-direction reconstruct.The application can avoid influence of the vibration amplitude variation to orbit of shaft center shape under variable speed operating condition, be conducive to the differentiation of orbit of shaft center shape not by random noise disturbance.
Description
Technical field
This application involves a kind of methods of purification of orbit of shaft center under variable speed operating condition, the technology suitable for mechanical breakdown early warning
Field.
Background technique
In rotary machinery fault diagnosis, analysis of orbit is a kind of important analysis method, by shaft or bearing
The orthogonal radial X-direction of seat and radial Y-direction (X, Y are in 90 degree of angles) two mutually perpendicular vibrating sensors of arrangement
X-direction and Y-direction vibration signal are measured respectively, can synthesize axle center trail using X-direction and Y-direction vibration signal.No
With fault mode, corresponding orbit of shaft center shape is different, such as: the orbit of shaft center shape of rotor unbalance failure is ellipse, and rotor is not
The corresponding orbit of shaft center shape of centering is crescent or the figure of eight.In practice, variable speed operating condition is that one kind of rotating machinery is common
Operating condition, such as start and stop operating condition, the fluctuation of speed operating condition of Wind turbines of all kinds of rotating machineries are variable speed operating condition.Variable speed
Operating condition lower rotor part system vibration signal not only contains random noise, and because vibration amplitude variation caused by the fluctuation of speed can also make
The shape of orbit of shaft center changes.The variation of random noise and vibration signal amplitude can seriously affect variable speed operating condition lower axle
The shape of heart track is unfavorable for identifying rotor-support-foundation system failure using orbit of shaft center.Therefore, to axle center under variable speed operating condition
Track purification has important practical significance.
Currently, the method for purification of existing orbit of shaft center includes: low-pass filtering, wavelet transformation, morphologic filtering, discrete frequency
Spectrum correction method.Low-pass filtering method is to carry out low-pass filtering to vibration signal, rejects high-frequency noise, utilizes filtered X, Y
Direction vibration signal synthesis purification orbit of shaft center.Wavelet transformation chooses what needs retained by decomposing vibration signal
Several primary bands carry out reconstruction signal, utilize X, the Y-direction vibration signal synthesis purification orbit of shaft center after reconstruct.Mathematical morphology
Filtering method is to be filtered using morphological operator to vibration signal, rejects the noise for including in vibration signal.Harmonic wavelet
Transformation discrete spectrum correction method of purification is to extract each frequency point by being corrected to the discrete primary frequency component in signal
Amplitude, frequency, the phase of amount, thus reconstruction signal, and with X, the Y-direction vibration signal synthesis purification orbit of shaft center after reconstruct.
Under variable speed operating condition, not only revolving speed changes, and the amplitude of usual vibration signal also will appear variation.Vibration amplitude
Variation also will affect the shape of orbit of shaft center, this is that low-pass filtering, wavelet transformation and mathematical morphology filter not can solve
Problem.In addition, low-pass filtering can not reject the random noise of vibration signal low-frequency range.Wavelet transformation, which is similar to, uses one group
Bandpass filter realizes the extraction to vibration signal major frequency components, and this method can reject most of noise in signal,
But it is difficult to reject the noise near major frequency components.Structural element in Morphologic filters is difficult to select, using specific
Structural element can not reject the random noise in signal completely.Meanwhile because theory of algorithm is limited, discrete spectrum correction method is only fitted
For the vibration signal of stabilization of speed, the purification of variable speed operating condition lower rotor part system orbit of shaft center can not be used for.
Summary of the invention
For the problem that orbit of shaft center under variable speed operating condition purifies, the purpose of the application is designed under a kind of variable speed operating condition
The method of purification of orbit of shaft center, using this method purification orbit of shaft center in not by random noise disturbance, and can avoid become turn
Vibration amplitude changes the influence to orbit of shaft center shape under fast operating condition, is conducive to the differentiation of orbit of shaft center shape.
This application involves a kind of methods of purification of orbit of shaft center under variable speed operating condition, comprising the following steps:
(1) time-frequency spectrum of X and Y-direction vibration signal are calculated；
(2) the instantaneous frequency sequence of vibration signal major frequency components in time-frequency spectrum is gradually extracted, and data are carried out to it
Fitting；
(3) fitting result of the instantaneous frequency of extracted each major frequency components is subtracted into initial time instantaneous frequency values
And acquired results are integrated into obtain phase sequence, X-direction and Y-direction original vibration signal are carried out respectively using instantaneous phase sequence
The frequency translation changed over time under variable speed operating condition is the frequency not changed over time by generalized demodulation；
(4) major frequency components in demodulated signal are extracted using phase difference spectrum correction method one by one, and be added with
Reconstruction signal；
(5) the vibration signal synthesis purification orbit of shaft center after X-direction and Y-direction reconstruct is utilized.
More specifically, according to the method for purification of orbit of shaft center under a kind of variable speed operating condition of the application, comprising the following steps:
(1) time frequency analysis is carried out to variable speed operating condition lower rotor part X, Y-direction vibration signal x (t), y (t), obtains time-frequency spectrum；
(2) vibration signal is gradually extracted using peak searching algorithm into the time-frequency spectrum of vibration signal and Y-direction vibration signal in X
The instantaneous frequency F of middle major frequency componentsi(t), i=1,2 ... n, n are major frequency components number；
(3) least-square fitting approach or piece wise least square method fitting side are used for the instantaneous frequency in the entire period
Method is fitted the instantaneous frequency sequence f after obtaining fittingi(t)；
(4) the extracted instantaneous frequency sequence of step (3) is cut into the corresponding instantaneous frequency f of initial timei(0), it obtains
fii(t)；
(5) to fii(t) it is integrated, is obtained generalized demodulation phase sequence si (t)；
(6) respectively to X to and Y-direction vibration signal carry out Hilbert transform obtain analytic signal；
hx(t)=x (t)+jH [x (t)]
hy(t)=y (t)+jH [y (t)]
In formula: H [x (t)] is the Hilbert transform of x (t)；H [y (t)] is the Hilbert transform of y (t)；
(7) respectively to hx(t)、hy(t) generalized demodulation is carried out:
gxi(t)=real [hx(t)*e-j2πsi(t)]
gyi(t)=real [hy(t)*e-j2πsi(t)]
(8) to gxi(t) and gyi(t) FFT spectrum analysis is carried out respectively, and is extracted using the correction method of phase difference discrete spectrum
Frequency, demodulation frequency ingredient x in frequency spectrumi(t)、yi(t)；
(9) extracted major frequency components reconstruction signal X (t), Y (t) are utilized；
(10) X (t) can be synthesized into the orbit of shaft center after purification as horizontal axis sequence, Y (t) longitudinal axis sequence.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the flow diagram of the method for purification of orbit of shaft center under the variable speed operating condition of the application.
Fig. 2 shows X under the raising speed operating condition in embodiment 1, Y-direction vibration signal Wavelet time-frequency spectrum.
Fig. 3 shows instantaneous frequency distilling result under the raising speed operating condition in embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 shows under the raising speed operating condition in embodiment 1 X, Y-direction vibration signal waveforms and FFT spectrum after generalized demodulation.
Fig. 5 shows uneven Chart of axes track under the raising speed operating condition in embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 shows uneven Chart of axes track under the reduction of speed operating condition in embodiment 1.
Fig. 7 shows the Chart of axes track of imbalance fault under the fluctuation of speed operating condition in embodiment 1.
Fig. 8 shows the Chart of axes track that failure is misaligned under the fluctuation of speed operating condition in embodiment 2.
Specific embodiment
For the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the application are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with attached drawing to the application
Embodiment be described in detail.It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, in the embodiment and embodiment in the application
Feature can mutual any combination.
This application involves a kind of variable speed operating condition lower axles for combining instantaneous Frequency Estimation, generalized demodulation and Spectrum Correction
The method of purification of heart track.Arrange that two vibrations pass in the orthogonal radial X-direction and radial Y-direction of shaft or bearing block
Sensor measures the vibration signal of X-direction and Y-direction respectively.Specific step is as follows for purification: firstly, calculating X and Y-direction vibration
The time-frequency spectrum of signal, can be using such as Wavelet time-frequency spectrum or the time-frequency spectrum of Fourier's variation in short-term；Secondly, gradually extracting time-frequency
The instantaneous frequency sequence of vibration signal major frequency components in spectrum, and data fitting is carried out to it, such as can use peak value and search
Rope method extracts instantaneous frequency sequence, and data fitting can use least square method；Then by extracted each major frequency components
The fitting result of instantaneous frequency subtract initial time instantaneous frequency values and acquired results integrated into obtain phase sequence, using instantaneous
Phase sequence carries out generalized demodulation to X-direction and Y-direction original vibration signal respectively, by what is changed over time under variable speed operating condition
Frequency translation is the frequency not changed over time；Then, then using phase difference spectrum correction method extract in demodulated signal one by one
Major frequency components, and be added with reconstruction signal；Finally, being mentioned using the vibration signal synthesis after X-direction and Y-direction reconstruct
Pure orbit of shaft center.
More specifically, as shown in Figure 1, this application involves orbit of shaft center purification step it is as follows:
(1) time frequency analysis is carried out to variable speed operating condition lower rotor part X, Y-direction vibration signal x (t), y (t), obtains time-frequency spectrum；
(2) vibration signal is gradually extracted using peak searching algorithm into the time-frequency spectrum of vibration signal and Y-direction vibration signal in X
The instantaneous frequency F of middle major frequency componentsi(t), i=1,2 ... n, n are major frequency components number；
(3) least-square fitting approach or piece wise least square method fitting side are used for the instantaneous frequency in the entire period
Method is fitted the instantaneous frequency sequence f after obtaining fitting to instantaneous frequencyi(t)；Such as it can be for wave in the entire period
It moves lesser instantaneous frequency and the instantaneous frequency sequence after obtaining fitting is fitted to instantaneous frequency using least-square fitting approach
Arrange fi(t), the method that piece wise least square method fitting can be used to the biggish instantaneous frequency of fluctuation obtains instantaneous frequency sequence fi(t)；
" fluctuation is smaller " and " fluctuation is larger " described herein is only that in contrast, can be done according to the actual situation by those skilled in the art
Judge out；
(4) the extracted instantaneous frequency sequence of step (3) is cut into the corresponding instantaneous frequency f of initial timei(0), it obtains
fii(t)；
(5) to fii(t) it is integrated, is obtained generalized demodulation phase sequence si (t)；
(6) respectively to X to and Y-direction vibration signal carry out Hilbert transform obtain analytic signal；
hx(t)=x (t) [x (t)] (1)+jH
hy(t)=y (t) [y (t)] (2)+jH
In formula: H [x (t)] is the Hilbert transform of x (t)；H [y (t)] is the Hilbert transform of y (t)；
(7) respectively to hx(t)、hy(t) generalized demodulation is carried out:
gxi(t)=real [hx(t)*e-j2πsi(t)] (3)
gyi(t)=real [hy(t)*e-j2πsi(t)] (4)
Real is to take real part functions in formula (3) and formula (4)
(8) to gxi(t) and gyi(t) FFT spectrum analysis is carried out respectively, and is extracted using the correction method of phase difference discrete spectrum
Frequency, demodulation frequency ingredient x in frequency spectrumi(t)、yi(t)。
Phase difference correction principle is as follows:
It is carried out after adding identical window function to preceding N/2 point and rear N/2 point (N is that the data of vibration signal are counted) two segment signals
FFT transform, the frequency correction amount after can must normalizing are
In formula (5), θ0、θ1The respectively initial phase of two segment signals, Δ k are the frequency correction amount after normalization.
In addition, the phase frequency function after FFT transform not only has linear relationship, and slope phase in window function main lobe
Together, then have
In formula (6), θk0And θk1The corresponding phase angle of respectively two segment signal peak value spectral lines.
Phasing amount Δ θ can be written as
Δ θ=θ1-θ0=θk1-θk0 (7)
Normalized frequency correction amount can be obtained by bringing formula (7) into formula (5)
Frequency f, phase theta, amplitude A can must be corrected by Δ k:
F in formula (9)sFor sample frequency, pkFor spectrum peak, f (x) is the frequency spectrum modular function of window function.
(9) extracted major frequency components reconstruction signal X (t), Y (t) are utilized.Wherein:
X (t)=x1(t)+x2(t)+…xn(t) (10)
Y (t)=y1(t)+y2(t)+…yn(t) (11)
In formula, xi(t)、yiIt (t) is respectively the major frequency components gradually extracted, i=1,2 ... n, n are main frequency
Number.
(10) X (t) can be synthesized into the orbit of shaft center after purification as longitudinal axis sequence as horizontal axis sequence, Y (t).
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 is the orbit of shaft center purification in variable speed operating condition lower rotor part imbalance situation.
This method of purification is tested using the rotor unbalance emulation data under raising speed, reduction of speed and fluctuation of speed operating condition
Card.Three kinds of operating condition down-sampling frequencies are 1000Hz, and acquisition duration is 16.814s.
Raising speed operating condition emulates data:
Reduction of speed operating condition emulates data:
Fluctuation of speed operating condition emulates data:
N (t) is random noise in formula (12), (13) (14).
The time-frequency spectrum of original vibration signal is calculated using wavelet transformation, under raising speed operating condition when X, Y-direction vibration signal small echo
Frequency spectrum is as shown in Fig. 2, wherein (a) figure indicates X-direction original vibration signal Wavelet time-frequency spectrum, and (b) figure indicates the original vibration of Y-direction
Signal Wavelet time-frequency spectrum.
It can be seen from Fig. 2 that X in boosting velocity procedure, there is only 1 major frequency components, i.e. rotor in Y-direction original vibration signal
Turn frequency ingredient, and its instantaneous frequency changes linearly over time.Wink in Fig. 2 in X or Y time-frequency spectrum is extracted using peak searching algorithm
When frequency, and least square fitting is carried out to it using an order polynomial, as a result as shown in Figure 3.
In Fig. 3, instantaneous frequency expression formula are as follows: f1(t)=0.6242t+39.97.
f1(t) it subtracts 0 moment instantaneous frequency 39.97Hz and obtains f2(t)=0.6242t.
To f2(t) it carries out integrating to obtain generalized demodulation phase function s (t)=0.3121t2。
Generalized demodulation, X, Y-direction vibration signal and FFT spectrum after demodulation are carried out to original signal using phase function s (t)
As shown in Figure 4.Major frequency components in Fig. 4 demodulated signal are 40Hz, corresponding to turn 1 frequency multiplication of frequency.It is corrected using phase difference spectrum
Method is respectively corrected X, Y-direction vibration signal after demodulation, and the signal amplitude, frequency and phase after correction are as shown in table 1.
Phase difference spectrum corrects result under 1 raising speed operating condition of table
| Direction of vibration | Major frequency components | Amplitude | Frequency/Hz | Phase/degree |
| X to | 1 frequency multiplication | 1.03 | 40 | -90.39 |
| Y-direction | 1 frequency multiplication | 1.23 | 40 | -23.09 |
Using amplitude, frequency and the phase information reconstruct X and Y-direction vibration signal in table 1, the vibration signal after reconstruct is utilized
Purification orbit of shaft center can be synthesized.Original vibration signal orbit of shaft center and generalized demodulation combination Spectrum Correction back axis track are as schemed
Shown in 5.It as seen from Figure 5, include more noise in original orbit of shaft center, and due to amplitude fluctuations, orbit of shaft center is distributed in
In large area, it is unfavorable for the identification of orbit of shaft center shape.And the bearing trajectory shape after generalized demodulation and Spectrum Correction is clear
Clear, convenient for identification, the elliptical shape and imbalance fault feature presented is completely the same.
Reduction of speed operating condition and fluctuation of speed operating condition emulation signal orbit of shaft center are purified using identical method.Final warp
The major frequency components that Spectrum Correction extracts are respectively as shown in table 2 and table 3.Rear axle is purified using the signal reconstruct in table 2 and table 3
Heart trajectory diagram difference is as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.
Signal phase difference Spectrum Correction result is emulated under 2 reduction of speed operating condition of table
| Direction of vibration | Major frequency components | Amplitude | Frequency/Hz | Phase/degree |
| X to | 1 frequency multiplication | 1.176 | 40 | -87.12 |
| Y-direction | 1 frequency multiplication | 1.39 | 40 | -19.66 |
Signal phase difference Spectrum Correction result is emulated under 3 fluctuation of speed operating condition of table
| Direction of vibration | Major frequency components | Amplitude | Frequency/Hz | Phase/degree |
| X to | 1 frequency multiplication | 0.93 | 40 | -32.37 |
| Y-direction | 1 frequency multiplication | 1.12 | 40 | 36.30 |
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is the orbit of shaft center purification in the case of variable speed operating condition lower rotor part misaligns.
Fault simulation data orbit of shaft center is misaligned to fluctuation of speed operating condition lower rotor part to purify.Under fluctuation of speed operating condition
It is as follows to misalign fault simulation signal:
Signal phase difference Spectrum Correction result is emulated under 4 reduction of speed operating condition of table
The orbit of shaft center that signal reconstruct signal generates in original signal orbit of shaft center and utilization table 4 is as shown in Figure 8.By scheming
8 can be seen that, original orbit of shaft center disorder, and orbit of shaft center shape is not easy to identify.Axle center rail after generalized demodulation and Spectrum Correction
Mark shape is very clear, is in the figure of eight, completely the same with failure is misaligned.
Although embodiment disclosed by the application is as above, the content is only to facilitate understanding the application and adopting
Embodiment is not limited to the application.Technical staff in any the application technical field is not departing from this
Under the premise of the disclosed spirit and scope of application, any modification and change can be made in the implementing form and in details,
But the scope of patent protection of the application, still should be subject to the scope of the claims as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. the method for purification of orbit of shaft center under a kind of variable speed operating condition, which comprises the following steps:
(1) time-frequency spectrum of X and Y-direction vibration signal are calculated；
(2) the instantaneous frequency sequence of vibration signal major frequency components in time-frequency spectrum is gradually extracted, and data fitting is carried out to it；
(3) fitting result of the instantaneous frequency of extracted each major frequency components is subtracted into initial time instantaneous frequency values and incited somebody to action
Acquired results integrate to obtain phase sequence, carry out broad sense to X-direction and Y-direction original vibration signal respectively using instantaneous phase sequence
Demodulation, is the frequency not changed over time by the frequency translation changed over time under variable speed operating condition；
(4) major frequency components in demodulated signal are extracted using phase difference spectrum correction method one by one, and are added to reconstruct
Signal；
(5) the vibration signal synthesis purification orbit of shaft center after X-direction and Y-direction reconstruct is utilized.
2. the method for purification of orbit of shaft center under a kind of variable speed operating condition, which comprises the following steps:
(1) time frequency analysis is carried out to variable speed operating condition lower rotor part X, Y-direction vibration signal x (t), y (t), obtains time-frequency spectrum；
(2) master in vibration signal is gradually extracted using peak searching algorithm into the time-frequency spectrum of vibration signal and Y-direction vibration signal in X
Want the instantaneous frequency F of frequency contenti(t), i=1,2 ... n, n are major frequency components number；
(3) for the instantaneous frequency in the entire period using least-square fitting approach or piece wise least square method approximating method into
Row fitting obtains the instantaneous frequency sequence f after fittingi(t)；
(4) the extracted instantaneous frequency sequence of step (3) is cut into the corresponding instantaneous frequency f of initial timei(0), f is obtainedii
(t)；
(5) to fii(t) it is integrated, is obtained generalized demodulation phase sequence si (t)；
(6) respectively to X to and Y-direction vibration signal carry out Hilbert transform obtain analytic signal；
hx(t)=x (t)+jH [x (t)]
hy(t)=y (t)+jH [y (t)]
In formula: H [x (t)] is the Hilbert transform of x (t)；H [y (t)] is the Hilbert transform of y (t)；
(7) respectively to hx(t)、hy(t) generalized demodulation is carried out；
gxi(t)=real [hx(t)*e-j2πsi(t)]
gyi(t)=real [hy(t)*e-j2πsi(t)]
(8) to gxi(t) and gyi(t) FFT spectrum analysis is carried out respectively, and is extracted in frequency spectrum using the correction method of phase difference discrete spectrum
Frequency, demodulation frequency ingredient xi(t)、yi(t)；
(9) extracted major frequency components reconstruction signal X (t), Y (t) are utilized；
(10) X (t) can be synthesized into the orbit of shaft center after purification as horizontal axis sequence, Y (t) longitudinal axis sequence.
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| CN117147057A (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-12-01 | 北京化工大学 | Opposite-rotating propeller fan axis track reconstruction method based on Mems triaxial vibration acceleration sensor |
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