CN110108484B - Device and method for detecting motion state of ball screw rolling pair - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting motion state of ball screw rolling pair Download PDFInfo
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- CN110108484B CN110108484B CN201910433507.9A CN201910433507A CN110108484B CN 110108484 B CN110108484 B CN 110108484B CN 201910433507 A CN201910433507 A CN 201910433507A CN 110108484 B CN110108484 B CN 110108484B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for detecting the motion state of a ball screw rolling pair and a detection method thereof, which can well solve the problem that the motion form of balls in a ball screw is complex but difficult to directly measure or observe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precise numerical control manufacturing, in particular to a device for detecting the motion state of a ball screw rolling pair and a detection method thereof.
Background
The ball screw pair is used as a main moving and positioning part of the precision numerical control machine tool, and the precision degradation rule and the friction/abrasion rule determine the quality of the machining performance of the precision machine tool. Along with the gradual realization of manufacturing major countries and strong countries in China, the machining precision performance of manufacturing equipment, such as a precision numerical control machine, is urgently required to be greatly improved. The ball screw pair for the precision machine tool developed and produced at home is in a inferior situation compared with the similar products at abroad in the aspects of precision performance, dynamic characteristics, friction and wear degradation. These properties are not only related to the manufacturing process but also to the lack of basic theoretical research. The precision ball screw pair has a very close relationship with the motion form of the rolling motion pair under a specific working condition in the problems of precision performance, dynamic characteristics, friction, wear degradation and the like, and the relative motion relationship between the rolling bodies moving among the raceways and the raceways is relatively complex. The balls in the rolling guide rail pair cannot be directly observed, so that the intuitive research on the motion form of the rolling body is limited. In order to accurately compare a theoretical analysis result with an actual situation, the invention provides a device and an analysis method for detecting the motion state of a ball screw rolling pair. The test device can simulate the rolling body motion condition under the actual ball screw pair positioning state and the pre-loading axial load condition, and provides a specific test analysis and test method. The device can detect the motion forms of rolling bodies made of different materials and with different diameters at two positions in the nut and the turning ball returning device. The rolling mode of the rolling body in the spiral raceway and the S-shaped ball returning device raceway can be researched under the working conditions of different linear speeds and different compression states, and the research on the rolling problem of the ball in the ball returning device plays an important role in noise control of the ball screw pair.
The invention provides and designs a device and an analysis method for detecting the motion state of a ball screw rolling pair, which adopt an advanced optical detection technology and an effective test method for researching the motion form of balls in the ball screw pair under different working conditions. And basic research is carried out for improving the performance of the precision ball screw pair.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for detecting the motion state of a ball screw rolling pair, which solves the problem.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for detecting the motion state of a ball screw rolling pair comprises: the nut comprises an upper part and a lower part, wherein the upper part is made of transparent materials and can use artificial crystal or high-strength transparent resin, the lower part is made of metal materials and is rigidly connected with the upper part, the lower part of the nut is fixedly connected with the guide rail sliding block, at least one annular ball rolling way is arranged in the nut, each annular ball rolling way is closed, balls rolling in the inner part of the ring can run in a circulating manner, the bending part of each annular ball rolling way is a ball returning device 10, the ball returning device 10 is used for keeping the balls to return to a starting point again when rolling in a lead in a certain track and keeping the balls to roll in the same annular ball rolling way in a circulating manner, a certain number of balls with the same diameter are arranged in the annular ball raceways, wherein at least one ball 9 with a light emitting source is arranged in each raceway;
the nut can reciprocate on the two positioning guide rail raceways, the movement range of the nut is limited by a limit switch, ball bearing seats are respectively arranged at two ends of the ball screw and used for positioning the ball screw, a left baffle and a right baffle are respectively arranged at two sides of the base of the bottom plate in the width direction, the left baffle and the right baffle are fixed on the base 2 of the bottom plate, and springs with certain elastic coefficients are respectively arranged between the left baffle and the nut and between the right baffle and the nut; when the nut is positioned in the middle of the base plate, the stress of the springs on the two sides is zero, when the nut is positioned in the middle left position of the base plate, the nut is subjected to the thrust of the left spring and the tension of the right spring, and the total stress of the nut is a constant right elastic force; when the nut is positioned at the right side position in the middle of the base of the bottom plate, the nut is under the pulling force of the left spring and the pushing force of the right spring, and the total stress of the nut is a constant elastic force towards the left;
the ball screw is driven by a stepping motor or a servo motor through a reduction gear and a gear, and the rotating speed of the ball screw is controlled by the stepping motor or the servo motor; the stepping motor or the servo motor is arranged on the base, and the base is fixed on the base of the bottom plate.
Further, the transparent material adopted by the upper part of the nut is artificial crystal or high-strength transparent resin.
Furthermore, the lower half part of the nut is connected with the guide rail sliding block through a bolt.
Furthermore, 2 guide rail sliding blocks are respectively arranged on the two guide rail roller paths, and 4 guide rail sliding blocks are used for fixing nuts of the ball screw.
Further, the detected rolling bodies are spherical, and the diameter of the sphere is a multiple of that of a real ball.
Further, the size of the spherical diameter is 5-10 times of that of the real ball.
Furthermore, the two positioning guide rail raceways are both four rows of ball linear slide rails or roller linear slide rails.
A detection method of a device for detecting the motion state of a ball screw rolling pair comprises the following steps:
s1, after the experimental device is installed and debugged according to the structure of the device, the parallelism of the double guide rails is checked to finally ensure that the nut of the ball screw can smoothly reciprocate along the double guide rails, and a stepping motor or a servo motor is arranged to enable the nut to run in for a period of time at a certain speed so as to facilitate the initial abrasion running in of the test bed; the testing stage is carried out in two areas, wherein the first area is used for testing the nut in the left area of the center of the base of the bottom plate, and the nut is under the action of constant rightward spring force; the second area is used for testing the nut in the area on the right side of the center of the base of the bottom plate, and the nut is under the action of constant leftward spring force; the movement conditions of the balls of the three raceways in the nut are detected simultaneously in the following test steps, and are compared and analyzed;
s2, setting the rotating speed of the stepping motor to different values, testing different speed states, and testing the moving state of the ball on the spiral roller path under the conditions of ultra-low speed, crawling speed, rated operating speed, high speed and reverse operation;
the significance of testing the ball in the ultra-low speed rotation running state of the screw is that the magnitude and the direction of the self-spinning motion of the ball in the micro-motion friction or creep friction state are considered, and the research on the interface friction characteristic of the ball in the low speed state has fundamental significance to the screw rolling motion pair;
the significance of testing the running state of the ball at the rated working speed is that the running state of the ball along the spiral track under the rated state is the basis of the abrasion of the rolling kinematic pair, the running stage at the rated speed is the main forming stage of the abrasion of the rolling by-product, the variability and the complexity of the running form of the ball have great influence on the formation of the abrasion, and the slippage and the rolling amount under the rated working speed of the ball can be detected through the device;
the significance of testing the high-speed running state of the ball is that the moving speed of the ball is far greater than the rated running condition under the high-speed running condition of the workbench, the running rotating speed of the ball can reach a quite high value due to the fact that the diameter ratio of the actual ball is smaller, the slippage of the ball can be remarkably increased, and the high-speed running state of the ball must be determined in order to calculate the slippage of the ball more clearly and quantitatively; the rolling and sliding conditions of the amplified ball and the spin direction of the ball can be clearly seen when the sliding block runs at high speed through observation of the transparent nut;
when the test slider runs in the reverse direction suddenly, the detection significance of the motion state of the ball is that the change of the motion state of the ball and the magnitude of the spin amount when the test slider runs in the reverse direction suddenly are tested;
s3, testing the movement state of the ball in the ball returning device under the conditions of ultra-low speed, creeping speed, rated working speed, high speed and reverse operation respectively; the movement of the ball in the ball returning device is a main source of noise of the ball screw pair, and the movement states of the ball in the ball returning device under the conditions of ultra-low speed, crawling speed, rated working speed and high speed and reverse operation can be respectively tested by using the method of S2;
s4, detecting the hysteresis quantity of the ball in the state from rest to start by means of an optical detection instrument, wherein the start hysteresis quantity of the ball has a basic effect on the research of the friction and wear characteristics of the rolling kinematic pair;
s5, detecting the movement condition of the ball under different horizontal loads by an optical detection instrument, wherein the horizontal loads are applied by four springs, the elastic coefficients of the springs can be replaced according to requirements, so as to detect the change condition of the movement state of the ball under different horizontal loads, and especially the detection of the self-rotation quantity of the ball under loading has an important effect on researching the friction and wear characteristics of the rolling kinematic pair.
Further, a stepping motor or a servo motor is provided to run the nut at a speed of 10mm/s for a period of time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the test device adopts a double-guide-rail pair linear motion framework, and the two guide rail pairs utilize four rows of roller guide rail pairs which can bear larger preload and larger horizontal rigidity. The tested ball screw and the nut are amplified by a certain factor. The magnified balls roll in the magnified roller paths, so that the motion mode of the balls can be observed more clearly, and some balls are provided with luminous sources so as to accurately detect the luminous sources by using an optical instrument. The nut is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper layer containing the ball annular ball raceway is made of transparent materials, and the lower layer connected with the linear guide rail pair is made of metals. The transparent annular roller is beneficial to the motion detection of the rolling body by an observer and an optical instrument. The ball screw is driven by a stepping motor or a servo motor through a reduction gear to rotate, and the speed of the rotation of the screw and the starting and stopping time can be set and changed through a control board. So as to examine the moving state of the ball when the nut runs at different speeds. The bilateral symmetry of nut is provided with the spring of certain elastic coefficient, and the model that the spring that joins in marriage can be changed according to experimental conditions and surveyed ball to the axial load that lies in the nut and bear under the simulation operating condition.
The device can well solve the problem that the movement form of the ball in the ball screw is complex but difficult to directly measure or observe, and because the ball is amplified in a certain proportion, corresponding conversion should be carried out when the analysis result is applied to the ball with the actual size. The test method provided by the invention can effectively solve the influence rule of rolling state on the performance of the ball screw pair, and has important significance for the research and development of high-performance precise ball screw pairs.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated in the following description with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a rear view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a springless view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a right side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a view of the inner raceway of the nut;
description of reference numerals: 1-a base; 2-a base plate; 3-a bolt; 4-a first ball bearing seat; 5-limit switch; 6, positioning a guide rail raceway; 7-ball screw; 8-stepper motors or servo motors; 9-a ball bearing; 10-a bead returning device; 11-a nut; 12-a reduction gear; 13-a gear; 14-a rail slide; 15-a second ball bearing housing; 16-a spring; 17-a left baffle; 18-right baffle.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the device for detecting the motion state of the ball screw rolling pair comprises a steel base plate 2, and other devices are all arranged on the base plate 2. Two positioning guide raceways 6 are provided on the edges of the two long sides of the base plate 2, i.e., on both sides in the length direction thereof, respectively. Two guide rail sliding blocks 14 are arranged on each guide rail roller path 6, and the total number of the guide rail sliding blocks 14 is four. The guide rail slide block 14 adopts a four-row roller guide rail matching mode, and a nut 11 of the tested ball screw 7 is fixed on the slide block 6. The nut 11 is divided into an upper part and a lower part, wherein the upper part is made of transparent material and is made of artificial crystal or high-strength transparent resin, and the lower part is made of metal material and is rigidly connected with the upper part. The lower half of the nut 11 is connected to the rail slider 14 by the bolt 3. The nut 11 is internally provided with three annular ball raceways, each annular ball raceway is closed, balls rolling inside the ring run circularly, the bending part of the annular ball raceway is a ball returning device 10, and the ball returning device 10 is used for keeping the balls to return to a starting point again when rolling in a certain track by a lead and keeping the balls to roll circularly in the same annular ball raceway. The annular ball tracks are provided with a certain number of balls with the same diameter, wherein the balls comprise balls 9 with luminous sources to be tested, and one or more (such as 2, 3, 4, 5 and the like) balls 9 are arranged in each of the three tracks. The lead of the ball screw 7 can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and after the lead is adjusted, the diameters of the guide groove of the nut 11 and the ball 9 are changed correspondingly. The nut 11 can reciprocate on the two roller guides, and the movement range is limited by the limit switch 5. A first ball bearing seat 4 and a second ball bearing seat 15 are respectively provided at both ends of the ball screw 7 for positioning the ball screw 7 and ensuring that it retains only the degree of freedom of rotation about the axis. A left baffle plate 17 and a right baffle plate 18 are respectively arranged on two sides of the short side of the test bed, and the left baffle plate 17 and the right baffle plate 18 are fixed on the base plate 2. And a spring 16 with a certain elastic coefficient (the spring with different elastic coefficients can be replaced according to requirements) is arranged between the left baffle 17, the right baffle 18 and the nut 11. The springs 16 have a total of four springs and are symmetrically disposed in the position shown in figure 2. When the nut 11 is located at the middle position of the soleplate base 2, the stress of the springs 16 on both sides is zero. When the nut 11 is located at the middle left position of the soleplate base 2, the nut 11 is subjected to the pushing force of the left spring and the pulling force of the right spring, and the nut 11 is generally subjected to a constant elastic force towards the right. When the nut 11 is located at the right position in the middle of the base 2, the nut 11 receives the pulling force of the left spring and the pushing force of the right spring, and the nut 11 is generally subjected to a constant elastic force to the left. The ball screw 7 is driven by a stepping motor or servo motor 8 through a reduction gear 12 and a gear 13. The rotation speed of the ball screw 7 is controlled by a stepping motor or a servo motor 8. Through the control of the motor, the tested ball screw 7 can test the motion state of the ball under pure tension and pure thrust. The stepping motor 8 is mounted on the base 1. The base 1 is fixed to a base plate 2.
The specific detection method and process of the device of the invention are as follows:
and S1, after the experimental device is installed and debugged according to the structure, the parallelism of the double guide rails is checked, and the nut of the tested ball screw can be ensured to smoothly reciprocate along the double guide rails. A stepping motor or a servo motor is arranged at the speed of 10mm/s of the speed of the sliding block per second, and the operation is carried out for a period of time so as to carry out the initial abrasion running-in of the test bed.
And S2, after S1 is finished, setting the rotating speed of the stepping motor to different values respectively, and testing different states respectively. The movement states of the balls on the spiral roller path under the conditions of ultra-low speed, creeping speed, rated working speed, high speed and reverse operation are respectively tested.
The significance of the test ball in the ultra-low speed rotation running state of the screw is that the magnitude and the direction of the spinning motion of the ball in the micro-motion friction or creep friction state are considered. The research on the motion state of the ball in the low-speed state has fundamental significance on the interface friction characteristic of the spiral rolling motion pair.
The significance of the running state of the test ball at the rated working speed is that the running state of the ball along the spiral track under the rated working speed is the basis of the abrasion of the rolling kinematic pair. The running stage at the rated speed is a main formation stage of abrasion caused by rolling by-products. The multiplicity and complexity of the ball movement pattern has a great influence on the development of wear. The device can detect the slippage and the rolling amount of the ball at the normal working speed.
The significance of the test ball in a high-speed running state is that the moving speed of the ball is far greater than the rated running condition under the high-speed running condition of the workbench, and the running rotating speed of the ball can reach a quite high value due to the fact that the diameter ratio of the actual ball is smaller. The slippage of the ball is significantly increased, and the high-speed movement state of the ball must be clarified in order to quantitatively calculate the slippage of the ball more clearly. The test bed can clearly see the rolling and sliding conditions of the amplified ball and the ball spinning direction when the sliding block runs at high speed through the observation port.
When the test slider suddenly runs in the reverse direction, the significance of the detection of the motion state of the ball is that the change of the motion state of the ball and the magnitude of the spin amount when the test slider suddenly runs in the reverse direction are tested.
And S3, respectively testing the motion states of the balls in the ball returning device under the conditions of ultra-low speed, crawling speed, rated working speed, high speed and reverse operation. The movement of the ball in the ball returning device is the main source of noise of the guide rail pair, and the movement states of the ball in the ball returning device under the conditions of ultralow speed, crawling speed, rated working speed and high speed and reverse operation can be respectively tested by using the method of the second step.
And S4, detecting the hysteresis quantity of the ball in the state from the static state to the starting state by an optical detection instrument, wherein the starting hysteresis quantity of the ball has a basic effect on the research of the friction and wear characteristics of the rolling kinematic pair.
S5, detecting the movement of the ball under different horizontal loads by an optical detection instrument, wherein the horizontal loads are applied by four springs, the elastic coefficients of the springs can be replaced according to requirements, so as to detect the change of the movement state of the ball under different horizontal loads, and especially the detection of the self-rotation amount of the ball has an important effect on researching the friction and wear characteristics of the rolling kinematic pair.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a detect device of ball screw rolling pair motion state which characterized in that: the bottom plate comprises a bottom plate base, wherein two sides of the bottom plate base along the length direction of the bottom plate base are respectively provided with a positioning guide rail raceway, two positioning guide rail raceways are respectively provided with a guide rail slider, the guide rail sliders are both used for fixing a nut of a ball screw, the nut comprises an upper part and a lower part, the upper part is made of a transparent material, the lower part is made of a metal material and is rigidly connected with the upper part, the lower part of the nut is fixedly connected with the guide rail sliders, at least one annular ball raceway is arranged in the nut, each annular ball raceway is closed, balls rolling in the raceways can circularly run, the bending part of each annular ball raceway is a ball returning device, the ball returning device is used for keeping the balls to return to a starting point again when rolling in a certain raceway by a lead, the balls circulating in the same annular ball raceway are kept to roll, and a certain number of balls with the same diameter, wherein each raceway is provided with at least one ball with a luminous source;
the nut reciprocates on the two positioning guide rail raceways, the movement range of the nut is limited by a limit switch, ball bearing seats are respectively arranged at two ends of the ball screw and used for positioning the ball screw, a left baffle and a right baffle are respectively arranged at two sides of the base of the bottom plate in the width direction, the left baffle and the right baffle are fixed on the base of the bottom plate, and springs with certain elastic coefficients are respectively arranged between the left baffle and the nut and between the right baffle and the nut; when the nut is positioned in the middle of the base plate, the stress of the springs on the two sides is zero, when the nut is positioned in the middle left position of the base plate, the nut is subjected to the thrust of the left spring and the tension of the right spring, and the total stress of the nut is a constant right elastic force; when the nut is positioned at the right side position in the middle of the base of the bottom plate, the nut is under the pulling force of the left spring and the pushing force of the right spring, and the total stress of the nut is a constant elastic force towards the left;
the ball screw is driven by a stepping motor or a servo motor through a reduction gear and a gear, and the rotating speed of the ball screw is controlled by the stepping motor or the servo motor; the stepping motor or the servo motor is arranged on the base, and the base is fixed on the base of the bottom plate.
2. The apparatus for detecting a moving state of a ball screw rolling pair according to claim 1, wherein: the upper part of the nut is made of artificial crystal or high-strength transparent resin.
3. The apparatus for detecting a moving state of a ball screw rolling pair according to claim 1, wherein: the lower part of the nut is connected with the guide rail sliding block through a bolt.
4. The apparatus for detecting a moving state of a ball screw rolling pair according to claim 1, wherein: two 2 guide rail sliding blocks are respectively installed on the positioning guide rail roller paths, and 4 guide rail sliding blocks are used for fixing nuts of the ball screws.
5. The apparatus for detecting a moving state of a ball screw rolling pair according to claim 1, wherein: the ball is spherical, and the size of the diameter of the sphere is a multiple of that of the real ball.
6. The apparatus for detecting a moving state of a ball screw rolling pair according to claim 5, wherein: the size of the spherical diameter is 5-10 times of that of a real ball.
7. The apparatus for detecting a moving state of a ball screw rolling pair according to claim 1, wherein: the two positioning guide rail raceways are four-row ball linear slide rails or roller linear slide rails.
8. The method for detecting a motion state of a ball screw rolling pair apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
s1, after the device is installed and debugged according to the structure of the device, checking the parallelism of the raceways of the double positioning guide rails to finally ensure that the nut of the ball screw can smoothly reciprocate along the raceways of the double positioning guide rails, and arranging a stepping motor or a servo motor to run the nut for a period of time at a certain speed so as to facilitate the initial wear running-in of the device; the testing stage is carried out in two areas, wherein the first area is used for testing the nut in the left area of the center of the base of the bottom plate, and the nut is under the action of constant rightward spring force; the second area is used for testing the nut in the area on the right side of the center of the base of the bottom plate, and the nut is under the action of constant leftward spring force; the movement conditions of the balls of the three raceways in the nut are detected simultaneously in the following test steps, and are compared and analyzed;
s2, setting the rotating speed of the stepping motor or the servo motor to different values, testing different speed states, and testing the moving state of the ball on the annular ball roller path under the conditions of ultra-low speed, creeping speed, rated operating speed, high speed and reverse operation;
s3, testing the movement state of the ball in the ball returning device under the conditions of ultra-low speed, creeping speed, rated working speed, high speed and reverse operation respectively;
s4, detecting the lag of the ball from the static state to the starting state by an optical detection instrument;
and S5, detecting the movement condition of the ball under different horizontal loads by an optical detection instrument, wherein the horizontal loads are applied by four springs, and the elastic coefficients of the springs can be replaced according to requirements so as to detect the change condition of the movement condition of the ball under different horizontal loads.
9. The detection method according to claim 8, wherein a stepping motor or a servo motor is provided to run the nut at a speed of 10mm/s for a period of time.
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| 滚珠丝杠副精度保持性测试平台的研究及应用;高作强;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技I辑》;20170315(第03期);第2、3章 * |
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