CN110108186B - System and method for measuring spot diameter of solar mirror field - Google Patents
System and method for measuring spot diameter of solar mirror field Download PDFInfo
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- CN110108186B CN110108186B CN201910488997.2A CN201910488997A CN110108186B CN 110108186 B CN110108186 B CN 110108186B CN 201910488997 A CN201910488997 A CN 201910488997A CN 110108186 B CN110108186 B CN 110108186B
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring diameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a system and a method for measuring the spot diameter of a solar mirror field. In a dish-type power generation system and a tower-type power generation system for solar heat-collecting power generation, a mirror field and a heat collector are very key configurations, but the diameters of light spots generated by the mirror field are different, and no effective system or method for measuring the diameters of the light spots exists at present, so that reference can not be provided for selection of the heat collector. The application provides a system and a method for measuring the spot diameter of a solar mirror field, which adopt a cavity type heat absorber with an adjustable opening, utilize the influence of the heat conduction of spot light rays on the temperature of a working medium, measure the temperature value of the working medium, reversely calibrate the boundary of a spot, and therefore the purpose of measuring the spot diameter of the solar mirror field is achieved. The measuring device is accurate in measurement, simple in structure, simple and convenient to operate, economical and economical, and suitable for industrial popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a system and a method for measuring the spot diameter of a solar mirror field.
Background
In the technical field of solar energy utilization, heat-collecting power generation is an important subject. The solar heat collecting power generation is realized by utilizing a large-scale array type plane reflector, a parabolic reflector or a dish-shaped sunlight reflector to reflect solar heat energy to a preset small area, so that the solar heat energy is collected, steam is provided through a heat exchange device, and the process of the traditional turbine generator is combined, so that the purpose of power generation is achieved. Generally, solar heat-collecting power generation forms include a trough type, a dish type and a tower type.
In disc and tower power generation systems, the field of mirrors and the heat collector are very critical configurations. The mirror field is used for reflecting and gathering sunlight, and the heat collector is used for absorbing heat energy of the sunlight gathered by the mirror field. Since the energy characteristics of the field depend on various factors, such as the intensity of sunlight, the scale of the field, the material of the mirrors, etc., the diameters of the spots generated by the solar field are also different.
However, there is no system or method for effectively measuring the spot diameter generated by the solar mirror field, if the spot diameter of the mirror field is not known, the area which can be received by the heat collector may not coincide with the spot area, if the receiving area of the heat collector is larger than the spot area, waste is caused, and if the receiving area of the heat collector is smaller than the spot area, the utilization efficiency of the spot of the mirror field is reduced. In practical production, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of the light spot of the mirror field and save the cost, it is necessary to determine the diameter of the light spot generated by the mirror field.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a system and a method for measuring the spot diameter of a solar mirror field, which are used for solving the problem that the spot diameter of the solar mirror field cannot be effectively measured at present so as to improve the utilization efficiency of spots.
In one aspect of the present application, a system for measuring a solar field spot diameter is provided, comprising:
the device comprises a cavity type heat absorber, a reflective wind deflector, a heat exchange pipeline, a temperature measuring element, a flowmeter and a ranging unit;
the cavity type heat absorber comprises a U-shaped heat absorbing groove and a movable heat absorbing plate, wherein the heat absorbing groove is of a cross section diameter, and the movable heat absorbing plate is of two L-shaped plates which are axially symmetrically arranged in the heat absorbing groove;
the movable heat absorbing plate is formed by splicing a reflecting plate and a cavity plate at 45-135 degrees, the reflecting plate extends outwards along the opening edge of the heat absorbing groove, the cavity plate and the heat absorbing groove are surrounded to form a cavity with a rectangular opening, a selective absorbing coating is arranged on the inner wall of the cavity, and the outer wall of the cavity plate is connected with the driving unit;
the opening of the cavity is provided with the reflective wind deflector, the reflective wind deflector is in seamless connection with the opening edge of the heat absorption groove, and one side of the backlight surface of the reflective wind deflector is provided with a cooling pipeline;
the bottom plate outer wall of heat absorption recess sets up heat exchange pipeline, be equipped with temperature measuring element and flowmeter on the heat exchange pipeline.
The distance measuring unit is arranged outside two ends of the notch of the heat absorbing groove.
Optionally, the angle between the cavity plate and the bottom plate of the heat absorbing groove is 90 degrees, and the movable heat absorbing plate is formed by splicing a reflecting plate and the cavity plate by 90 degrees.
Optionally, a heat exchange pipeline is arranged on the outer wall of the side plate of the cavity.
Optionally, the driving unit comprises a power supply, an electric subunit and a driving rod, wherein the power supply is connected with the electric subunit, and the electric subunit is connected with the driving rod.
Optionally, the heat exchange device further comprises a water pump and a ball valve, wherein the water pump and the ball valve are arranged at one end of a working medium inlet of the heat exchange pipeline, and the ball valve is arranged in the downstream direction of the water pump.
Optionally, the heat insulation material is wrapped outside the cavity of the cavity type heat absorber, and the heat exchange pipeline outer wall is wrapped with the heat insulation layer.
Optionally, the light-facing surface of the reflective wind deflector is a diffuse reflection surface, the reflectivity of the light-facing surface is more than or equal to 0.9, and the included angle between the reflective wind deflector and the vertical central axis of the cavity opening is 45-80 degrees.
Optionally, the absorptivity of the selective absorption coating to sunlight is more than or equal to 0.92, emissivity is less than or equal to 0.07, and the opening area of the cavity type heat absorber is less than 1% of the surface area of the inner wall of the cavity of the whole cavity type heat absorber.
In another aspect of the present application, a method for measuring a spot diameter of a solar field is provided, and a system for measuring a spot diameter of a solar field based on the method comprises the following steps:
moving the cavity type heat absorber, so that an opening of the cavity type heat absorber is positioned in the middle of the light spot and is aligned with the light spot;
introducing a working medium into a heat exchange pipeline from a working medium inlet, and preheating for a preset time;
according to the change trend of the flow of the working medium measured by the flowmeter, the flow velocity of the working medium is kept at a preset flow velocity, and the temperature T of the working medium at the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline is measured Out of ；
The driving unit drives a movable heat absorbing plate to slowly move towards the outer side of the heat absorbing groove at a constant speed, continuously measures the temperature Tout of the outlet working medium, and stops moving when the temperature Tout of the outlet working medium stops rising;
the driving unit drives the other movable heat absorbing plate to move slowly towards the other outer side of the heat absorbing groove at a constant speed, and continuously measures the temperature T of the outlet working medium Out of When the outlet working medium temperature T Out of When the lifting is stopped, the driving unit stops moving;
and measuring the distance between the cavity plates of the two movable heat absorption plates by using a distance measuring unit, namely the diameter of the light spot of the solar mirror field.
Optionally, in the step of moving the cavity heat absorber, the direction of the heat absorbing groove of the cavity heat absorber in the radial direction is adjusted, the angle of the heat absorbing groove is rotated, and the spot diameter of the solar mirror field is measured for a plurality of times under different angles.
The beneficial effects of adopting above-mentioned technical scheme are:
the system for measuring the spot diameter of a solar mirror field provided in one aspect of the application comprises: the device comprises a cavity type heat absorber, a reflective wind deflector, a heat exchange pipeline, a temperature measuring element, a flowmeter and a ranging unit; the cavity type heat absorber comprises a U-shaped heat absorbing groove and a movable heat absorbing plate which are movably connected, the movable heat absorbing plate moves in the heat absorbing groove, the effect of adjusting the opening of the cavity is achieved, when the opening is adjusted to the size of the spot diameter, the heat absorbed by the cavity reaches the maximum value, and the length of the adjustable long side of the opening of the cavity is the spot diameter of the lens field. The system for measuring the spot diameter of the solar mirror field is simple in structure and economical. In addition, according to the method for measuring the spot diameter of the solar field, provided by the application, the temperature of the working medium flowing through the cavity type heat absorber is measured, when the temperature of the working medium is not increased any more, namely, the heat absorbed by the cavity reaches the maximum value, and the length of the adjustable long side of the opening of the cavity is the spot diameter of the field.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1a is a schematic structural diagram of a heat sink;
FIG. 1b is a schematic view of the structure of the cavity of the present application;
FIG. 1c is a schematic structural view of a cavity heat absorber of the present application;
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a portion of a system for measuring the diameter of a solar field spot according to the present application;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of a portion of the system for measuring the diameter of a solar field spot according to the present application;
FIG. 2c is a schematic diagram of a portion of the system for measuring the diameter of a solar field spot according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for measuring the diameter of a solar field light spot according to the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the measuring spot diameter of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method of measuring solar field spot diameter according to the present application;
illustration of:
the heat-absorbing device comprises a 1-cavity heat absorber, a 11-heat-absorbing groove, a 12-movable heat-absorbing plate, a 121-reflecting plate, a 122-cavity plate, a 123-driving unit, a 2-reflecting wind shield, a 21-cooling pipeline, a 3-heat-exchanging pipeline, a 4-temperature measuring element, a 5-flowmeter and a 6-ranging unit.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the examples below do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Merely as examples of systems and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the claims. In addition, T1 and T2 appearing in the drawings each represent a temperature measuring element.
In a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a system for measuring a solar field spot diameter, comprising:
the device comprises a cavity type heat absorber, a reflective wind deflector, a heat exchange pipeline, a temperature measuring element, a flowmeter and a ranging unit;
the system for measuring the spot diameter of the solar mirror field is hereinafter referred to as the system. In the system, the cavity type heat absorber is used for absorbing the light spot energy of the solar mirror field; because the light spots often have high temperature, in order to protect the system from being high Wen Sunhui, a reflective wind shield is arranged, and meanwhile, the reflective wind shield is also beneficial to scattering redundant light spots, so that the influence of wind on air heat convection is prevented, and the measurement accuracy is further ensured; the heat exchange pipeline conducts the heat absorbed by the cavity type heat absorber to the working medium in the heat exchange pipeline, the temperature of the working medium flowing through the heat exchange pipeline is measured, and the length of the opening expansion is measured by using the ranging unit on the basis of constant flow in unit time, namely the diameter of the light spot is indirectly measured.
The cavity type heat absorber comprises a U-shaped heat absorbing groove and a movable heat absorbing plate, wherein the movable heat absorbing plate is an L-shaped plate which is axially symmetrically arranged in the heat absorbing groove;
the heat absorbing grooves in the present application are provided in a U-shape, as shown in fig. 1 a. In order to be able to measure the spot diameter, the length of the heat absorbing groove must be longer than the diameter of the spot, otherwise it cannot be measured. Therefore, a person skilled in the art will generally determine the size of the spot diameter generated by the mirror field according to experience, and further select the heat absorption groove longer than the spot diameter, and in selecting the heat absorption groove, the heat absorption groove longer than the spot diameter is generally selected as much as possible, so as to ensure that the spot can be measured. In addition, on the U-shaped section, the width of the heat absorption groove can be smaller as much as possible, and is generally smaller than the radius of the light spot so as to ensure the accuracy of the measurement result. Because the heat absorption groove is in a narrow strip shape, the energy absorption of the light spot is more sensitive, and whether the opening reaches the position of the diameter of the light spot can be accurately reflected.
The movable heat absorbing plate is formed by splicing a reflecting plate and a cavity plate at 45-135 degrees, the reflecting plate extends outwards along the edge of the opening of the heat absorbing groove, a cooling pipeline is arranged on the backlight surface of the reflecting plate, the cavity plate and the heat absorbing groove are surrounded into a cavity with a rectangular opening, a selective absorbing coating is arranged on the inner wall of the cavity, and the outer wall of the cavity plate is connected with the driving unit;
referring to fig. 1b and 1c, in the movable heat absorbing plate that is L shaped plate setting, the cavity board inserts the heat absorbing groove along the U-shaped tangent plane, and two cavity boards enclose with the heat absorbing groove to have rectangular open-ended cavity, and the outer wall connection drive unit of cavity board, under drive unit's traction, the cavity board can follow the heat absorbing groove translation activity, has realized cavity open-ended adjustable.
The opening of the cavity is provided with a reflective wind deflector which is in seamless connection with the edge of the opening of the heat absorption groove, and one side of the backlight surface of the reflective wind deflector is provided with a cooling pipeline;
referring to fig. 2a, a flowing cooling working medium is introduced into the cooling pipeline to cool the reflective wind deflector, so that the reflective wind deflector is prevented from being polluted by light spots Wen Sunhui. The seamless connection is used for preventing light leakage and avoiding the system from being damaged by light spots passing through the gaps.
The outer wall of the bottom plate of the heat absorption groove is provided with a heat exchange pipeline, and the heat exchange pipeline is provided with a temperature measuring element and a flowmeter.
Referring to fig. 2b, 2c and fig. 3, the heat exchange pipeline is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom plate of the heat absorption groove, which is beneficial to the conduction of the spot heat. This system is at the in-process of practical application, and the facula is aimed at to the cavity needs, and facula light can be incident into the cavity this moment, and most light can directly be incident on the bottom plate of heat absorption recess, absorbed by the selective absorption coating on the bottom plate, consequently, set up heat exchange pipeline at the bottom plate outer wall, in time with the working medium in the heat exchange pipeline of bottom plate heat conduction, be favorable to measuring sensitivity and accuracy.
In addition, the size of the light spot energy can be finally reflected in the working medium of the heat exchange pipeline, and whether the expansion length of the cavity opening reaches the light spot diameter can be known by measuring the temperature of the working medium under constant unit flow, so that the smooth completion of measurement is ensured.
The distance measuring units are arranged outside two ends of the notch of the heat absorbing groove.
The notch of the heat absorbing groove means the fracture of the groove along the long side direction of the groove, namely a U-shaped fracture surface, which is positioned at two ends of the heat absorbing groove. The distance measuring unit is arranged outside two ends of the notch of the heat absorption groove and faces the cavity plate, and the distance between the two cavity plates can be obtained by measuring the distance between the cavity plates, so that the diameter of a light spot can be indirectly measured.
Optionally, the angle between the cavity plate and the bottom plate of the heat absorbing groove is 90 degrees, and the movable heat absorbing plate is formed by splicing the reflecting plate and the cavity plate by 90 degrees.
In this embodiment, the angle between the cavity plate and the bottom plate of the heat absorption groove is 90 °, which is an optimization of the cavity shape due to the physical property of light transmission. When the cavity plate is perpendicular to the bottom plate of the heat absorption groove, most incident facula light directly reaches the bottom plate of the heat absorption groove, the facula light is concentrated and absorbed by the selective absorption coating on the bottom plate, and the outer wall of the bottom plate is provided with a heat exchange pipeline, so that the facula energy conduction is more efficient, the measuring process is more sensitive, and the accuracy is higher.
Optionally, a heat exchange pipeline is arranged on the outer wall of the side plate of the cavity.
In this embodiment, not only the bottom plate of the cavity, that is, the bottom plate outer wall of the heat absorption groove, but also the side plate outer wall of the cavity is provided with a heat exchange pipeline. Although the cavity bottom plate can absorb most of light spot energy, unavoidable light is incident on the side plate of the cavity, so that a heat exchange pipeline is necessary to be arranged on the outer wall of the side plate of the cavity to absorb the energy of the light spot, and the measurement accuracy is further ensured.
Optionally, the driving unit includes a power source, an electric subunit, and a driving rod, where the power source is connected to the electric subunit, and the electric subunit is connected to the driving rod.
In this embodiment, the driving unit is set to electric drive, and the power is used for supplying power for electric subunit, drives the actuating lever motion after electric subunit circular telegram, and the actuating lever is connected with the cavity board to drive cavity board and even movable absorber plate translational motion, realize the opening of cavity adjustable. The cavity with the adjustable opening is used for receiving the light spot energy, when the opening reaches a certain limit, the energy reaches the maximum value, and the unfolded length of the opening at the moment is the diameter of the light spot. The electric drive can set different movement rates, so that the diameter of the light spot is measured for multiple times under the uniform movement condition of various different rates, and the measurement result is calibrated.
Optionally, the heat exchange pipeline further comprises a water pump and a ball valve, wherein the water pump and the ball valve are arranged at one end of a working medium inlet of the heat exchange pipeline, and the ball valve is arranged in the downstream direction of the water pump.
The water pump and the ball valve are arranged in the embodiment, the working medium is pressurized through the water pump, the flow velocity of the working medium is controlled through the ball valve, and the measuring conditions of different flow velocities of the working medium can be set, so that the working medium uniformly flows through the heat exchange pipeline at different flow velocities, the diameter of a light spot is measured for a plurality of times, and the accuracy of a measuring result is further ensured.
Optionally, the heat insulation material is wrapped outside the cavity of the cavity type heat absorber, and the heat insulation layer is wrapped on the outer wall of the heat exchange pipeline.
The heat insulation material and the heat preservation layer are consistent in function, and are used for preventing heat conduction, so that errors of energy values absorbed by the measured working medium are prevented from being too large, and the measurement is more accurate.
Optionally, the light-facing surface of the light-reflecting wind deflector is a diffuse reflection surface, the reflectivity of the light-facing surface is more than or equal to 0.9, and the included angle between the light-reflecting wind deflector and the vertical central axis of the cavity opening is 45-80 degrees.
The light-facing surface is a diffuse reflection surface, the reflectivity of the light-facing surface is more than or equal to 0.9, the light-facing surface can efficiently reflect light spots incident on the light-facing surface, the light is prevented from entering the cavity, and in addition, the included angle between the light-reflecting wind shield and the vertical central axis of the cavity opening is 45-80 degrees, so that the influence of wind shielding on heat convection can be prevented, and the interference is further reduced.
Optionally, the absorptivity of the selective absorption coating to sunlight is more than or equal to 0.92, emissivity is less than or equal to 0.07, and the opening area of the cavity type heat absorber is less than 1% of the surface area of the inner wall of the cavity of the whole cavity type heat absorber.
The selective absorption coating in the embodiment can efficiently absorb light spot rays, is less in loss, and has higher sensitivity to the light spot rays; the opening area of the cavity type heat absorber is smaller than 1% of the surface area of the inner wall of the cavity of the whole cavity type heat absorber, so that the influence of air heat convection at the opening can be further reduced, the light spot energy conduction is more accurate, and the interference is smaller.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, another aspect of the present application is to provide a method for measuring a spot diameter of a solar field, a system for measuring a spot diameter of a solar field based on the method, including the following steps:
s101, moving the cavity type heat absorber to enable an opening of the cavity type heat absorber to be positioned in the middle of a light spot and aligned to the light spot;
the opening of the cavity type heat absorber refers to an opening of a cavity, and the cavity is a cavity type space body with a rectangular opening, wherein the cavity is surrounded by two cavity plates and a heat absorbing groove. The opening is arranged in the middle of the light spot, so that the center point of the light spot can be ensured to fall at the opening, and the measurement error is reduced; the alignment facula can make facula light just to the opening incidence as far as possible, and the vast majority of facula light can directly be incident to the bottom plate of heat absorption recess like this, and thermal conduction efficiency is high, and the outlet working medium temperature value of measurement can more directly reflect the facula irradiation that receives, therefore the measured value is more accurate.
S102, introducing a working medium into a heat exchange pipeline from a working medium inlet, and preheating for a preset time;
in the step, the heat exchange pipeline and the cavity type heat absorber can be heated fully by preheating for a preset time, and after preheating, the facula energy absorbed by the cavity type heat absorber can be considered to be totally conducted to working media in the heat exchange pipeline, so that the lost energy can be ignored. Because the preheating maintains the heat exchange pipeline and the cavity heat absorber at a relatively high temperature, the influence of heat loss caused by heat absorption of the heat exchange pipeline and the cavity heat absorber is avoided.
S103, according to the change trend of the flow of the working medium measured by the flowmeter, keeping the flow velocity of the working medium at a preset flow velocity, and starting to measure the temperature T of the working medium at the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline Out of ；
The flowmeter in this step is mainly used to make working medium flow through heat exchange pipeline at constant flow rate. At a constant flow rate, the temperature rise of the working medium is only related to the absorbed spot energy. Thus, the temperature T of the outlet medium Out of The direct relation between the more sensitive reflection and the spot energy is as follows: generally, the greater the spot energy, the more elevated the temperatureHigh.
S104, the driving unit drives a movable heat absorbing plate to move at a constant speed towards one end of the heat absorbing groove, and continuously measures the temperature T of the outlet working medium Out of When the outlet working medium temperature T Out of When the lifting is stopped, the driving unit stops moving;
in this step, the movable heat absorbing plate is always in the channel of the heat absorbing groove, and only the movable heat absorbing plate is moved at a constant speed towards one end in the channel under the action of the driving unit. The movement process cannot be too fast or the energy conduction will not be complete, since the energy conduction is also time-consuming. But is not too slow, otherwise the measured temperature change is not obvious and time consuming. T is during movement Out of When the rise is stopped, the accepted light of the light spot reaches an extreme value, and the opening is considered to be positioned at the boundary of the light spot.
The channel of the heat absorption groove refers to an inner strip-shaped space surrounded by the bottom plate and the side plate of the heat absorption groove.
S105, the driving unit drives the other movable heat absorbing plate to move at a constant speed towards the other end of the heat absorbing groove, and continuously measures the temperature T of the outlet working medium Out of When the outlet working medium temperature T Out of When the lifting is stopped, the driving unit stops moving;
the same as the previous step, the step is to obtain the boundary of the light spot at the other end of the heat absorption groove, and the distance between the two boundaries is the diameter of the light spot. Whether the line connecting the two boundaries passes through the center of the light spot or not can be taken into consideration, and the error is within an acceptable range.
S106, measuring the distance between the cavity plates of the two movable heat absorption plates by using a distance measuring unit, namely the diameter of the light spot of the solar mirror field.
The distance measuring unit measures the distance between the two cavity plates, namely the opening unfolding length of the cavity at the moment, and the length value directly reflects the size of the spot diameter, so that the measuring result is the spot diameter of the solar mirror field.
Optionally, in the step of moving the cavity heat absorber, the solar energy mirror field spot diameter is measured for a plurality of times under different angles by adjusting the channel direction of the heat absorbing groove of the cavity heat absorber and rotating the angle of the heat absorbing groove.
In this embodiment, the position of the cavity heat absorber is adjusted by rotating the channel direction of the heat absorbing groove, so that the influence of the incidence angle of the light spot light on the measurement result can be reduced, multiple measurements can be performed, the measurement value can be calibrated, and the measurement result can be more accurate.
The foregoing detailed description of the embodiments is merely illustrative of the general principles of the present application and should not be taken in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Any other embodiments developed in accordance with the present application without inventive effort are within the scope of the present application for those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A system for measuring a solar field spot diameter, comprising:
the device comprises a cavity type heat absorber (1), a reflective wind deflector (2), a heat exchange pipeline (3), a temperature measuring element (4), a flowmeter (5) and a ranging unit (6);
the cavity type heat absorber (1) comprises a U-shaped heat absorbing groove (11) and a movable heat absorbing plate (12), wherein the movable heat absorbing plate (12) is an L-shaped plate which is axially symmetrically arranged in the heat absorbing groove (11);
the movable heat absorbing plate (12) is formed by splicing a reflecting plate (121) and a cavity plate (122) at 45-135 degrees, the reflecting plate (121) extends outwards along the edge of an opening of the heat absorbing groove (11), a cooling pipeline (21) is arranged on the backlight surface of the reflecting plate (121), a cavity with a rectangular opening is formed by encircling the cavity plate (122) and the heat absorbing groove (11), a selective absorbing coating is arranged on the inner wall of the cavity, and the outer wall of the cavity plate (122) is connected with a driving unit (123);
the light-reflecting wind deflector (2) is in seamless connection with the opening edge of the heat absorbing groove (11), and a cooling pipeline (21) is arranged on one side of the backlight surface of the light-reflecting wind deflector (2);
a heat exchange pipeline (3) is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom plate of the heat absorption groove (11), and a temperature measuring element (4) and a flowmeter (5) are arranged on the heat exchange pipeline (3);
the distance measuring units (6) are arranged outside two ends of the notch of the heat absorbing groove (11);
the outer wall of the side plate of the cavity is provided with a heat exchange pipeline (3);
the flowmeter (5) is used for measuring the flow change trend of the working medium in the heat exchange pipeline (3);
the distance measuring unit (6) is used for measuring the distance between the two cavity plates (122) of the movable heat absorbing plate (12), namely the unfolded length of the opening.
2. A system for measuring the spot diameter of a solar field according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the cavity plate (122) and the bottom plate of the heat absorbing groove (11) is 90 °, and the movable heat absorbing plate (12) is formed by splicing a reflecting plate (121) and the cavity plate (122) by 90 °.
3. A system for measuring the spot diameter of a solar field according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive unit (123) comprises a power source, an electric subunit and a drive rod, the power source being connected to the electric subunit and the electric subunit being connected to the drive rod.
4. The system for measuring the spot diameter of the solar field according to claim 1, further comprising a water pump and a ball valve, wherein the water pump and the ball valve are arranged at one end of a working medium inlet of the heat exchange pipeline (3), and the ball valve is arranged in the downstream direction of the water pump.
5. The system for measuring the spot diameter of the solar mirror field according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulation material is wrapped outside the cavity of the cavity type heat absorber (1), and the heat exchange pipeline (3) is wrapped with the heat insulation layer on the outer wall.
6. The system for measuring the spot diameter of a solar mirror field according to claim 1, wherein a light-facing surface of the reflective wind deflector (2) is a diffuse reflection surface, the reflectivity of the light-facing surface is more than or equal to 0.9, and an included angle between the reflective wind deflector (2) and a vertical central axis of the cavity opening is 45-80 degrees.
7. The system for measuring the spot diameter of the solar mirror field according to claim 1, wherein the absorptivity of the selective absorption coating to sunlight is more than or equal to 0.92, the emissivity is less than or equal to 0.07, and the opening area of the cavity type heat absorber (1) is less than 1% of the surface area of the inner wall of the cavity of the whole cavity type heat absorber (1).
8. A method for measuring the spot diameter of a solar field, characterized in that the system for measuring the spot diameter of a solar field according to any one of claims 1-7 comprises the following steps:
moving the cavity type heat absorber (1) to enable an opening of the cavity type heat absorber (1) to be positioned in the middle of the light spot and aligned with the light spot;
introducing a working medium into the heat exchange pipeline (3) from a working medium inlet, and preheating for a preset time;
according to the change trend of the flow of the working medium measured by the flowmeter (5), the flow speed of the working medium is kept at a preset flow speed, and the temperature T of the working medium at the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline (3) starts to be measured Out of ；
The driving unit (123) drives a movable heat absorbing plate (12) to move towards the outer side of the heat absorbing groove (11) at a constant speed, and continuously measures the temperature T of the outlet working medium Out of When the outlet working medium temperature T Out of When the lifting is stopped, the driving unit (123) stops moving;
the driving unit (123) drives the other movable absorber plate (12) to move at a constant speed towards the other outer side of the absorber groove (11), and continuously measures the temperature T of the outlet working medium Out of When the outlet working medium temperature T Out of When the lifting is stopped, the driving unit (123) stops moving;
and measuring the distance between the cavity plates (122) of the two movable heat absorbing plates (12) by using a distance measuring unit (6), namely the diameter of the light spot of the solar mirror field.
9. Method for measuring the spot diameter of a solar field according to claim 8, characterized in that in the step of moving the cavity heat absorber (1) the spot diameter of the solar field is measured several times at different angles by adjusting the channel orientation of the heat absorbing groove (11) of the cavity heat absorber (1), rotating the angle of the heat absorbing groove (11).
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