CN110106474B - Conductive fabric, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Conductive fabric, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110106474B CN110106474B CN201910498046.3A CN201910498046A CN110106474B CN 110106474 B CN110106474 B CN 110106474B CN 201910498046 A CN201910498046 A CN 201910498046A CN 110106474 B CN110106474 B CN 110106474B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/20—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates
- C23C14/205—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates by cathodic sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
- C23C14/562—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks for coating elongated substrates
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/06—Inorganic compounds or elements
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/32—Polyesters
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/34—Polyamides
- D06M2101/36—Aromatic polyamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/40—Fibres of carbon
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a light and high-strength conductive fabric, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the conductive fabric comprises a fiber base material and a metal layer plated on the surface of the fiber base material; the fiber substrate is selected from aramid fibers, polyarylate fibers and carbon fibers; the square resistance of the conductive fabric is 0.02-0.50 omega/sq, and the shielding effectiveness is 40-80 dB. The conductive fabric has the advantages of small surface density, high tensile strength, square resistance as low as 0.02 omega/sq, shielding effectiveness as high as 80dB, light weight, high strength, high conductivity and excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. The invention also relates to a preparation method and application of the conductive fabric. The method is simple and efficient, pollution-free, uniform in plating layer, free of impurities, good in metal layer adhesive force and easy to realize mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of conductive fabrics, in particular to a light and high-strength conductive fabric, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The conductive fabric has wide application in the field of flexible electromagnetic reflection and electromagnetic shielding materials, the existing flexible conductive fabric mostly adopts polyamide fiber or polyester fiber as a base material, and the mechanical strength and the modulus of the conductive fabric limit the application of the conductive fabric to a certain degree.
The metals silver, aluminum and copper are softer metals with lower resistivity in nature. At present, methods such as chemical plating, electroplating, vacuum evaporation, magnetron sputtering plating and the like are mostly adopted for metal plating, particularly for the production method of silver-plated fibers and fabrics. Chemical plating and electroplating are carried out in solution, waste liquid is generated to pollute the environment, the stability of the chemical silver plating solution is poor, and each silver plating needs to be prepared and used once and cannot be reused, so the cost is high. The plating layer produced by vacuum plating has poor binding force and is not favorable for repeated use. The magnetron sputtering plating is an efficient metal plating process, the bonding fastness of the plating layer and a substrate is high, the plating layer is uniformly and compactly distributed, and the magnetron sputtering plating device has the advantages of stable device performance, convenience in operation and control, no environmental pollution and the like.
In the prior art, the research on the magnetron sputtering plating metal of high-strength fibers and fabrics and related patents are few, the main research focuses on the chemical plating aspect of aramid fibers, and the mass production capacity is not formed yet. The development of light and high-strength conductive fabrics based on a magnetron sputtering plating method has practical significance.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a light-weight, high-strength conductive fabric, which uses a high-strength fiber fabric as a base material, and has the characteristics of high conductivity, excellent electromagnetic shielding performance, etc. due to the metal layer plated on the surface of the conductive fabric.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for preparing the conductive fabric, which is simple and efficient, has no pollution, and the obtained plating layer is uniform and has no impurities and good adhesive force.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the conductive fabric in flexible electromagnetic reflection materials and electromagnetic shielding materials.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the conductive fabric comprises a fiber substrate and a metal layer plated on the surface of the fiber substrate; the fiber substrate is selected from aramid fibers, polyarylate fibers and carbon fibers; the square resistance of the conductive fabric is 0.02-0.50 omega/sq, and the shielding effectiveness is 40-80 dB.
Optionally, the square resistance of the conductive fabric is 0.02-0.40 Ω/sq, and the shielding effectiveness is 50-80 dB.
Optionally, the square resistance of the conductive fabric is 0.02-0.20 Ω/sq, and the shielding effectiveness is 70-80 dB.
In the invention, the aramid fiber has high strength modulus, excellent dimensional stability, heat resistance, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and the like; the strength of the polyarylate fiber is higher than that of the aramid fiber, and the polyarylate fiber has excellent creep resistance, bending resistance and wear resistance; the carbon fiber has light weight, high strength, excellent mechanical property and excellent conductivity. The aramid fiber, the polyarylate fiber and the carbon fiber have high strength and certain flexibility, a layer of metal such as pure silver is deposited on the surface of the fabric, and the obtained conductive fabric has the characteristics of softness and folding and high conductive property of silver.
Optionally, the aramid fiber and polyarylate fiber base material comprises filaments with a linear density of 50D-400D and a warp density and a weft density of 8-40 pieces/cm.
Optionally, the carbon fiber substrate comprises tows with the warp density and the weft density of 5-10 pieces/cm and the carbon fiber substrate comprises 1-12K, and large-tow carbon fibers can be subjected to stretching treatment to enable the fabric to be light, thin and flat.
In the present invention, the texture of the fiber substrate, such as the linear density and the warp and weft density, has an influence on the physical and mechanical properties (such as strength, weight, bulkiness, surface adhesion, etc.), the processing characteristics, the chemical resistance, etc. of the conductive fabric. Generally, the electrical performance of the obtained conductive fabric is more excellent when the warp and weft density of the fabric is larger, the pores are smaller, and the coating thickness is larger, but the fabric surface density is increased, the fabric hand feeling is hard, and therefore the weave structure of the fabric and the metal coating process need to be optimally designed.
Alternatively, the filament linear density of the aramid fiber and polyarylate fiber substrate may be independently selected from 50D, 100D, 150D, 200D, 250D, 400D.
Alternatively, the aramid fiber and polyarylate fiber base material may have a filament warp and weft density independently selected from 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, etc.
Alternatively, the tows of the carbon fiber substrate may be independently selected from 1K, 3K, 6K, 12K.
Alternatively, the carbon fiber substrate may have a pick and place density independently selected from 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
Alternatively, large tow carbon fibers may be spread to make the fabric light, thin and flat.
Optionally, the conductive fabric has an areal density of less than 150g/m2And the tensile strength is more than 300 MPa.
Alternatively, the fibrous base material may be selected from plain weave, twill weave, satin weave.
Optionally, the fibrous substrate is selected from plain weave fabrics.
Optionally, the metal of the metal layer is selected from silver, aluminum, copper.
Optionally, the metal of the metal layer is selected from silver.
Optionally, the plating amount of the metal layer on the surface of the fiber base material is 15-50 g/m2。
Alternatively, the plating amount of the metal layer on the surface of the fiber substrate can be independently selected from 15g/m2、18g/m2、20g/m2、22g/m2、25g/m2、28g/m2、30g/m2、32g/m2、35g/m2、38g/m2、40g/m2、42g/m2、45g/m2、48g/m2、50g/m2。
Optionally, the plating amount of the metal layer on the surface of the fiber base material is 20-40 g/m2。
In the invention, the selection of the proper plating amount of the metal layer can directly influence the conductivity and the shielding effectiveness of the conductive fabric. With the increase of the metal plating amount, the metal layer on the surface of the fabric is more compact, which is more beneficial to forming a complete conductive layer and enhancing the conductive performance and the shielding performance. However, when the amount of metal plating is too large, the metal layer tends to be uneven, and the plating adhesion tends to be lowered.
A method of making any of the above conductive fabrics, comprising: plating metal on the surface of the fiber substrate by adopting magnetron sputtering to obtain a conductive fabric; the magnetron sputtering adopts a metal target material, and argon is used as bombardment gas to carry out vacuum sputtering on the fiber base material.
As an embodiment, a method of preparing a conductive fabric includes: adopting magnetron sputtering to plate silver on the surface of the fiber substrate to obtain a conductive fabric; the magnetron sputtering adopts a silver target material and takes argon as bombardment gas to carry out vacuum sputtering on the fiber base material.
Compared with chemical plating, the magnetron sputtering plating has the advantages of high sputtering rate, low substrate temperature, stable device performance, convenient operation and control, no environmental pollution, no problems of poor stability of plating solution in the chemical plating process, environmental pollution in the film plating process and poor wearability and water washing resistance of fabrics, and more importantly, the metal layer obtained by the magnetron sputtering process is more uniformly and compactly distributed, and the plating layer has higher bonding fastness with the substrate. Due to the fact that the aramid fiber, the polyarylate fiber and the carbon fiber base material are poor in surface activity, the coating obtained by the conventional method is poor in binding force. The invention can increase the surface roughness and activity of the fiber by fabric oil removing treatment and surface treatment, and can enable metal to be uniformly and tightly bonded on the fiber by a magnetron sputtering process, thereby obtaining the high-strength conductive fabric with stronger bonding force.
Optionally, the metal target material is a high-purity metal target material with the purity of 99.9% -99.99%.
In one embodiment, the silver target material is a high-purity silver target material with a purity of 99.9% -99.99%.
Optionally, the sputtering current of the magnetron sputtering is 2.0-4.5A, the sputtering voltage is 300-700V, and the sputtering time is 3-15 min.
Alternatively, the sputtering current may be independently selected from 2.0A, 2.4A, 2.5A, 3.0A, 3.5A, 4.0A, 4.5A.
Alternatively, the sputtering voltage may be independently selected from 300V, 350V, 400V, 450V, 500V, 560V, 580V, 600V, 650V, 700V.
Optionally, the sputtering time may be independently selected from 3min, 4min, 5min, 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min, 10min, 12min, 14min, 15 min.
Optionally, the flow rate of the argon gas is 10-20 sccm, and the gas pressure is 0.3-0.4 Pa.
Alternatively, the flow rate of argon gas may be independently selected from 10sccm, 12sccm, 15sccm, 18sccm, 20 sccm.
Optionally, the vacuum degree of the vacuum sputtering is 1 × 10-3～5×10-3Pa。
Optionally, the vacuum degree of the vacuum sputtering is 2 × 10-3～4×10-3Pa。
Optionally, in the magnetron sputtering process, the winding speed of the fiber substrate is 1-20 r/min.
Alternatively, the winding speed of the fibrous base material may be independently selected from 1r/min, 3r/min, 5r/min, 8r/min, 10r/min, 12r/min, 15r/min, 18r/min, 20 r/min.
Optionally, the method further comprises: and before the magnetron sputtering, carrying out oil removal treatment and surface treatment on the fiber base material.
According to the invention, the degreasing treatment and the surface treatment of the fiber base material can improve the surface properties of the fiber base material, such as surface adhesion, surface activity, surface roughness and the like, are favorable for enhancing the adhesion between the metal coating and the fiber base material, and the coating bonding force is obviously enhanced.
Optionally, the degreasing treatment comprises: and (2) in the presence of a treatment medium, carrying out ultrasonic treatment and/or soaking, washing and drying on the fiber base material.
As an embodiment, the washing comprises: washing with distilled water for several times until no pungent odor remains.
Optionally, the treatment medium is at least one selected from solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, butanone, diethyl ether, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, and the like.
Optionally, the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 10-60 min; the soaking time is 12-48 h; the drying temperature is 50-100 ℃.
Optionally, the ultrasonic time is 10-30 min; the soaking time is 24-48 h; the drying temperature is 70-100 ℃.
As an embodiment, the degreasing treatment of the aramid fiber or the polyarylate fiber is ultrasonic treatment.
In one embodiment, the degreasing treatment of the carbon fibers is a soaking treatment.
Optionally, the surface treatment is a plasma treatment and/or a surface oxidation treatment.
As an embodiment, the surface treatment of the aramid fiber or the polyarylate fiber is plasma treatment; the plasma processing includes: placing the fiber base material to be treated in low-temperature plasma modification equipment, vacuumizing to 5-10 Pa, filling oxygen to 10-50 Pa, treating power of 10-100W, and treating time of 1-10 min.
As an embodiment, the surface treatment of the carbon fiber is a surface oxidation treatment; the surface oxidation treatment comprises: and carrying out continuous surface oxidation treatment on the carbon fiber by adopting an oxidation furnace at the surface oxidation temperature in the air atmosphere.
Optionally, the temperature of the surface oxidation is 400-600 ℃.
Optionally, the temperature of the surface oxidation is 500-600 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the conductive fabric provided by the invention has the surface density of less than 150g/m2The tensile strength is more than 300MPa, the square resistance can reach 0.02 omega/sq, the shielding effectiveness can reach 80dB, and the electromagnetic shielding material has the advantages of light weight, high strength, high conductivity and excellent electromagnetic shielding performance.
(2) The preparation method of the conductive fabric provided by the invention adopts magnetron sputtering to plate metal, is simple and efficient, has no pollution, uniform plating layer and no impurity, has good adhesive force of the metal layer, and is easy to realize mass production.
(3) The conductive fabric provided by the invention can be widely applied to the fields of flexible electromagnetic reflection and electromagnetic shielding materials such as inflatable antennas, electromagnetic shielding tents, inflatable false targets, aerospace shielding cables and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an electron microscope photograph of a plain-weave silver-plated conductive fabric of aramid fibers in one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a shielding effectiveness curve of the silver-plated aramid fiber conductive fabric according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the shielding effectiveness of a polyarylate fiber silver-plated conductive fabric in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the shielding effectiveness of the carbon fiber silver-plated conductive fabric according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
In the invention, the surface appearance of the conductive fabric is observed by an electron microscope of the American FEI QUANTA FEG 650 model.
In the invention, the linear density of the fiber is determined by adopting a method of taking out stitches and weighing, and the warp and weft densities are determined by adopting a cloth mirror for measurement.
In the present invention, the areal density of the conductive fabric is measured: sampling is carried out by adopting a ten thousand disc sampler, and the mass is measured by adopting a ten thousand electronic balance.
In the invention, the tensile strength of the conductive fabric is measured by a universal material mechanics tester of WDW-5 type.
In the invention, the plating amount of the metal plating layer on the surface of the fiber base material is measured by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer according to the standard EPA-6010D-2018.
In the invention, the shielding effectiveness of the conductive fabric is measured according to the method for measuring the shielding effectiveness of the GJB 6190-2008 electromagnetic shielding material.
In the invention, the square resistance of the conductive fabric is measured by using RTS-9 type double-electric-measurement four-probe tester of Guangzhou four-probe technology company Limited.
Next, the fiber substrate was coated with metallic silver by magnetron sputtering. The plating process of the metal aluminum and copper is substantially the same as that of the metal silver, except that the setting of each parameter in the plating process is specifically adjusted according to the specific physical characteristics of the metal aluminum and copper.
Example 1 preparation of aramid fiber conductive fabric
Fiber matrix: aramid fiber, 200D filament, 17 pieces/cm warp and weft density;
oil removal treatment: placing aramid fiber in acetone, ultrasonically removing oil for 15min, taking out the aramid fiber after oil removal, washing the aramid fiber with distilled water for multiple times until no pungent smell exists, and placing the aramid fiber in a 70 ℃ drying oven for drying for later use;
surface treatment: placing the fiber to be treated in low-temperature plasma modification equipment, vacuumizing to 6Pa, filling oxygen to 30Pa, treating at 30W for 10 min.
Magnetron sputtering silver plating: adopting a 99.99 percent high-purity silver target material, placing the aramid fiber subjected to surface treatment on a sample rack, rotating the sample rack at a winding speed of 10r/min, and controlling the vacuum degree of a vacuum sputtering chamber at 4 multiplied by 10-3Pa, introducing high-purity argon as bombardment gas in the magnetron sputtering silver plating deposition process, wherein the flow of the argon is 20sccm, and the pressure is kept at 3.3 multiplied by 10-1Pa, sputtering current 2.4A, sputtering voltage 580V and sputtering time 8 min. And obtaining the aramid fiber conductive fabric.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of polyarylate fiber conductive fabrics
Fiber matrix: polyarylester fibers, 200D filaments and 18 warp/cm warp/weft density;
oil removal treatment: putting the polyarylate fiber in acetone for ultrasonic wave for 15min to remove oil, taking out the polyarylate fiber after oil removal, washing the polyarylate fiber with distilled water for many times until no pungent smell exists, and drying the polyarylate fiber in a 70 ℃ drying oven for later use;
surface treatment: placing the fiber to be treated in low-temperature plasma modification equipment, vacuumizing to 6Pa, filling oxygen to 30Pa, treating at 50W for 1 min.
Magnetron sputtering silver plating: adopting a 99.99 percent high-purity silver target material, placing the polyarylate fiber after surface treatment on a sample frame, rotating the sample frame at a winding speed of 10r/min, and controlling the vacuum degree of a vacuum sputtering chamber at 4 multiplied by 10-3Pa, introducing high-purity argon as bombardment gas in the magnetron sputtering silver plating deposition process, wherein the flow of the argon is 20sccm, and the pressure is kept at 3.3 multiplied by 10- 1Pa, sputtering current 2.4A, sputtering voltage 580V and sputtering time 8 min. Obtaining the polyarylate fiber conductive fabric.
Example 3 preparation of carbon fiber conductive fabrics
Fiber matrix: carbon fiber, 1K filament, the warp and weft density is 9/cm;
oil removal treatment: soaking carbon fibers in acetone at 50 ℃ for 24 hours to remove oil, taking out the carbon fibers after oil removal, washing the carbon fibers for multiple times by using distilled water until no pungent smell exists, and drying the carbon fibers in an oven at 70 ℃ for later use;
surface treatment: and under the air atmosphere, a 600 ℃ high-temperature oxidation furnace is adopted to carry out continuous surface oxidation treatment on the deoiled carbon fiber, so that the surface roughness and the activity are improved.
Magnetron sputtering silver plating: adopting a 99.99 percent high-purity silver target material, placing the carbon fiber after surface treatment on a sample holder, rotating the sample holder at a winding speed of 5r/min, and controlling the vacuum degree of a vacuum sputtering chamber at 4 multiplied by 10-3Pa, introducing high-purity argon as bombardment gas in the magnetron sputtering silver plating deposition process, wherein the flow of the argon is 20sccm, and the pressure is kept at 3.3 multiplied by 10-1Pa, sputtering current 2.5A, sputtering voltage 560V and sputtering time 10 min. And obtaining the carbon fiber conductive fabric.
Experimental examples characterization of the properties of the conductive Fabric
The surface appearance, the areal density, the tensile strength, the sheet resistance and the shielding effectiveness of the conductive fabrics prepared in examples 1 to 3 were characterized.
As shown in fig. 1, it can be seen from the electron microscope photograph of the aramid fiber conductive fabric that the silver coating layer on the surface of the aramid fiber conductive fabric is uniformly distributed and compact, and the adhesion between the coating layer and the fiber substrate is good, so that a good coating effect is achieved.
The results of characterization of the areal density, tensile strength, sheet resistance, and shielding effectiveness of the conductive fabrics are shown in table 1, wherein the shielding effectiveness curves of the three conductive fabrics are shown in fig. 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
TABLE 1 Performance index of conductive fabrics
| Conductive fabric | Areal density (g/m)2) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Square resistance (omega/sq) | Shielding effectiveness (dB) |
| Aramid fiber |
100 | 400 | 0.17 | 50 |
| Polyarylate fiber conductive fabric | 105 | 450 | 0.15 | 70 |
| Carbon fiber conductive fabric | 145 | 450 | 0.07 | 80 |
As can be seen from the results in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 and Table 1, the conductive fabric has an areal density of less than 150g/m2The tensile strength is more than 400MPa, and the conductive fabric is light and high in strength; the square resistance of the conductive fabric is extremely low, the shielding efficiency can reach 80dB, the conductive performance and the shielding performance are excellent, and the conductive fabric can be widely applied to the fields of flexible electromagnetic reflection, electromagnetic shielding materials and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The conductive fabric is characterized by comprising a fiber substrate and a metal layer plated on the surface of the fiber substrate;
the fiber substrate is selected from aramid fibers, polyarylate fibers and carbon fibers;
the square resistance of the conductive fabric is 0.02-0.50 omega/sq, and the shielding effectiveness is 40-80 dB;
the aramid fiber and polyarylate fiber base material comprises filaments with the linear density of 50D-400D and the warp density and the weft density of 8-40 pieces/cm;
the carbon fiber base material comprises 1-12K tows, and the warp density and the weft density of the tows are both 5-10/cm;
the conductive fabric has an areal density of less than 150g/m2The tensile strength is more than 300 MPa;
the metal of the metal layer is selected from silver, aluminum and copper;
the plating amount of the metal layer on the surface of the fiber base material is 15-50 g/m2。
2. The conductive fabric of claim 1, wherein the conductive fabric is selected from the group consisting of plain weave, twill weave, and satin weave.
3. The method for preparing the conductive fabric according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the conductive fabric is obtained by plating metal on the surface of the fiber substrate by magnetron sputtering;
the magnetron sputtering adopts a metal target material, and argon is used as bombardment gas to carry out vacuum sputtering on the fiber base material.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the magnetron sputtering has a sputtering current of 2.0-4.5A, a sputtering voltage of 300-700V, and a sputtering time of 3-15 min.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the flow rate of the argon gas is 10 to 20sccm, and the gas pressure is 0.3 to 0.4 Pa.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum sputtering is 1 x 10-3~5×10- 3Pa; in the magnetron sputtering process, the winding speed of the fiber base material is 1-20 r/min.
7. The method of claim 3, further comprising: before the magnetron sputtering, carrying out oil removal treatment and surface treatment on the fiber base material;
the oil removal treatment comprises the following steps: and (2) in the presence of a treatment medium, carrying out ultrasonic treatment and/or soaking, washing and drying on the fiber base material.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the treatment medium is selected from at least one of acetone, butanone, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, toluene, xylene, and tetrahydrofuran.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the time of the ultrasonic treatment is 10-60 min; the soaking time is 12-48 h; the drying temperature is 50-100 ℃.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the surface treatment is a plasma treatment and/or a surface oxidation treatment.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the plasma processing comprises: placing the fiber base material to be treated in low-temperature plasma modification equipment, vacuumizing to 5-10 Pa, filling oxygen to 10-50 Pa, treating power of 10-100W, and treating time of 1-10 min.
12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the temperature of the surface oxidation treatment is 400 to 600 ℃.
13. Use of the conductive fabric according to claim 1 or 2 or the conductive fabric prepared according to the method of any one of claims 3 to 12 in flexible electromagnetic reflective materials, electromagnetic shielding materials.
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| CN112267211B (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2023-04-28 | 青岛大学 | High-performance electromagnetic shielding fabric based on elastic base cloth and preparation method thereof |
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